Статті в журналах: "Nanoscale iron"

1

Chen, L. J., S. Y. Chen, and H. C. Chen. "Nanoscale iron disilicides." Thin Solid Films 515, no. 22 (August 2007): 8140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tsf.2007.02.025.

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2

Livne, Z., A. Munitz, J. C. Rawers, and R. J. Fields. "Consolidation of nanoscale iron powders." Nanostructured Materials 10, no. 4 (May 1998): 503–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0965-9773(98)00094-4.

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3

Yuan, Ching, and Hsing-Lung Lien. "Removal of Arsenate from Aqueous Solution Using Nanoscale Iron Particles." Water Quality Research Journal 41, no. 2 (May 1, 2006): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2006.024.

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Abstract Removal of As(V) using nanoscale iron particles was examined in batch reactors. Nanoscale iron particles, utilizing zerovalent iron with a diameter less than 100 nm as reactive materials, have been demonstrated to effectively remediate a wide variety of common environmental contaminants. In this study, characterization of nanoscale iron particles and their corrosion products was conducted using SEM-EDX, XRD, BET surface area analyzer and Laser Zee Meter. SEM-EDX results indicated adsorption of arsenic onto the iron surface, and XRD analysis found the formation of iron corrosion products including lepidocrocite, magnetite and/or maghemite at a reaction period of 7 d. Measurements of zeta potential revealed that the nanoscale iron particles have a zero point of charge at pH 4.4. Increasing adsorption amounts of arsenic with decreasing pH can therefore be attributed to the positive surface charge of the particles at lower pH. The maximum adsorption capacity of nanoscale iron particles determined by the Langmuir equation was about 38.2 mg/g. Normalization of the adsorption capacity to specific surface areas provides insight into the importance of iron types and the contact time of reactions in influencing arsenic uptake.

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4

Zhang, Xue, Su Qin Li, and Kudureti Ayijamali. "Preparation, Characterization of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron and its Application in Coking Wastewater Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 194-196 (February 2011): 511–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.194-196.511.

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As a new kind of materials, nanoscale zero-valent iron which had excellent adsorption ability and high chemical reactivity had been widely applied in advanced wastewater treatment. In this paper, the preparation of nanoscale zero-valent iron particles was liquid phase reduction ,and then iron nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. Also the application of nanoscale zero-valent iron in the difficult degradation coking wastewater treatment was discussed.

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5

Pang, Zhi Hua, Xiao Shan Jia, Kai Liu, Zhen Xing Wang, Qi Jing Luo, and Jun Luo. "Preparation, Characterization and their Performance of the Supported Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron Materials with Different Iron Contents." Advanced Materials Research 573-574 (October 2012): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.573-574.155.

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Taking the organic modified montmorillonite as a carrier and dispersant, the supported nanoscale zero-valent iron materials with different iron contents were synthesized through the ferrous sulfate (FeSO4) and the sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in it. The structure and morphology of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Finally, the performances of the supported nanoscale zero-valent iron were studied by high-performance liquid chromatography to determine the adsorption and degradation of 4-chlorophenol. The results indicate that the supported nanoscale zero-valent iron was well dispersed,different iron dosages imposed a visible effect on the morphology and particle diameter of iron;the degradation of 4-chlorophenol resulted from adsorption and degradation processes. Materials with different iron contents exhibited significantly different performance levels in terms of 4-chlorophenol adsorption and degradation.

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6

Peng, Xiangqi, Xiaocheng Liu, Yaoyu Zhou, Bo Peng, Lin Tang, Lin Luo, Bangsong Yao, Yaocheng Deng, Jing Tang, and Guangming Zeng. "New insights into the activity of a biochar supported nanoscale zerovalent iron composite and nanoscale zero valent iron under anaerobic or aerobic conditions." RSC Advances 7, no. 15 (2017): 8755–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra27256h.

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To gain insight into the mechanism of p-nitrophenol removal using the biochar supported nanoscale zerovalent iron composite and nanoscale zero valent iron under anaerobic or aerobic conditions, batch experiments and models were conducted.

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7

Zheng, Qiang, Miaofang Chi, Maxim Ziatdinov, Li Li, Petro Maksymovych, Matt F. Chisholm, Sergei V. Kalinin, and Athena S. Sefat. "Nanoscale interlayer defects in iron arsenides." Journal of Solid State Chemistry 277 (September 2019): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jssc.2019.06.040.

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8

Kerznizan, Carl F., Kenneth J. Klabunde, Christopher M. Sorensen, and George C. Hadjipanayis. "Magnetic properties of nanoscale iron particles." Journal of Applied Physics 67, no. 9 (May 1990): 5897–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346007.

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9

Nakano, Hiroki, and Seiji Miyashita. "Magnetization Process of Nanoscale Iron Cluster." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 70, no. 7 (July 15, 2001): 2151–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.70.2151.

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10

Cao, Jiasheng, Daniel Elliott, and Wei-xian Zhang. "Perchlorate Reduction by Nanoscale Iron Particles." Journal of Nanoparticle Research 7, no. 4-5 (October 2005): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051-005-4412-x.

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11

Everett, James, Jake Brooks, Joanna F. Collingwood та Neil D. Telling. "Nanoscale chemical speciation of β-amyloid/iron aggregates using soft X-ray spectromicroscopy". Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers 8, № 6 (2021): 1439–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0qi01304h.

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Nanoscale resolution X-ray spectromicroscopy shows the co-incubation of β-amyloid (Aβ) and iron(iii) to result in aggregate structures displaying nanoscale heterogeneity in Aβ and iron chemistry, including the formation of potentially cytotoxic Fe⁰.

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12

Hsieh, Ling-Ling, Hui-Jei Kang, Huey-Lih Shyu, and Chen-Yu Chang. "Optimal degradation of dye wastewater by ultrasound/Fenton method in the presence of nanoscale iron." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 5 (May 1, 2009): 1295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.366.

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An advanced ultrasound/Fenton/nanoscale iron oxidation process was applied for treatment of dye wastewater. In this study, the Taguchi statistical method was used to design experiments for the optimization of the ultrasound/Fenton/nanoscale iron process. The experimental design consisted of testing five factors (dosage of H2O2, concentration of Fe2 + , amount of nanoscale iron added, treatment time, and initial pH), with four levels of each factor tested. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measurements were conducted to determine the efficiency of the water samples. An analysis of the mean sign-to-noise (S/N) ratio indicated that the optimum combination of levels of the factors providing maximal COD reduction of aqueous azo dyes (500 mg/L) were: treatment time = 60 min, dosage of nanoscale iron = 1 g/L, initial pH = 2, and ratio of [dye]:[H2O2]:[Fe2 + ]=1:3.6:2.4. The efficiencies of decolorization and COD reduction were accomplished under these optimum conditions at levels of 99.91% and 63.36%, respectively. The percentage contribution of each factor was determined by the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results show that the contributions of the five factors—dosage of H2O2, concentration of Fe2 + , amount of nanoscale iron added, treatment time, and initial pH—were 29.33%, 21.37%, 22.51%, 12.93% and 12.35%, respectively.

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13

Dobson, Jon. "Nanoscale biogenic iron oxides and neurodegenerative disease." FEBS Letters 496, no. 1 (May 4, 2001): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02386-9.

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14

Kosykh, T. B., A. S. Prosyakov, A. P. Pyatakov, Alexander N. Shaposhnikov, Anatoly R. Prokopov, and Irene V. Sharay. "Surface Properties of Nanoscale Iron Garnet Films." Solid State Phenomena 233-234 (July 2015): 678–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.233-234.678.

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Surface properties of nanoscale iron garnet films of different compositions prepared by reactive ion beam sputtering were examined by means of scanning probe microscopy. Atomic force microscope images of the film surfaces are represented for the films of different compositions and deposition times. The article presents the dependences of the roughness parameters on the film composition and thickness and on the energy of Ar+ ions by which the substrates were pre-treated. It was shown that the roughness parameters of the films' surface increase with the increase of Ar+ ions energy and the films' thickness.

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15

Nakano, Hiroki, and Seiji Miyashita. "Alternating Antisymmetric Interaction in Nanoscale Iron Ring." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 71, no. 10 (October 15, 2002): 2580–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.71.2580.

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16

Abdel Halim, K. S., M. H. Khedr, and N. K. Soliman. "Reduction characteristics of iron oxide in nanoscale." Materials Science and Technology 26, no. 4 (April 2010): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/026708309x12468927349253.

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17

Noubactep, C., and S. Caré. "On nanoscale metallic iron for groundwater remediation." Journal of Hazardous Materials 182, no. 1-3 (October 2010): 923–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.06.009.

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18

Azad, Abdul Majeed, Sathees Kesavan, and Sirhan Al-Batty. "Redemption of Microscale Mill Waste into Commercial Nanoscale Asset." Key Engineering Materials 380 (March 2008): 229–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.380.229.

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Mill-scale is a porous, hard and brittle coating of several distinct layers of iron oxides (predominantly Fe3O4) formed during the fabrication of steel structures. It is magnetic in nature with iron content up to as high as 93%. About 1240 million metric tons of steel was produced in 2006 globally, 1.5 % of which by weight accounts for the mill-scale waste. Thus, 18.6 million metric ton of mill scale waste was produced in one year alone. Most of the steel mill-scale waste (almost 80%) end ups in a landfill; a small fraction of it is also used to make reinforced concrete in Russia and some Asian countries. A purer commercial form of this oxide in combination with nickel and zinc oxide is used in making ceramic magnets (soft ferrites) which are an integral part of all the audio-visual and telecommunication media on this planet as well those in the space. The mill-scale waste could be a valuable technological resource if properly processed and converted into nanoscale species, in particular nanoscale iron particles for hydrogen fuel cell, medical imaging and water remediation applications. In order to achieve the much-discussed and sought-after hydrogen economy via an ‘econo’ viable and ‘enviro’ friendly route, a roadmap for utilizing the mill-scale waste has been developed. The method consists of reacting heated iron with steam, also appropriately called metal-steam reforming (a route well-known to the metallurgists for centuries) generating high purity hydrogen, with a twist. The innovation lies in the conversion of the coarse oxide scale into nanoscale iron by a novel solution-based technique. This produces highly uniform zerovalent iron particles as small as 5 nm. The scope of utilizing the mill-scale waste is broadened several folds as nanoscale iron and nanomagnetite find potential applications in de-arsenification of drinking water, destruction of perchlorate and reduction of hexavalent chromium ions in water sources. In addition, nanoscale iron and magnetite are finding increasing application as the preferred contrasting agents in magnetic resonance imaging - MRI.

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19

Awalt, Jon Kyle, Raymond Lam, Barrie Kellam, Bim Graham, Peter J. Scammells, and Robert D. Singer. "Utility of iron nanoparticles and a solution-phase iron species for the N-demethylation of alkaloids." Green Chemistry 19, no. 11 (2017): 2587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7gc00436b.

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20

GULER, Ulker Asli. "REMOVAL OF TETRACYCLINE FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS USING NANOSCALE ZERO VALENT IRON AND FUNCTIONAL PUMICE MODIFIED NANOSCALE ZERO VALENT IRON." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 25, no. 3 (November 28, 2017): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2016.1210156.

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Nanoscale zero valent iron (nzvi) and functional pumice modified nanoscale zero valent iron (P-nzvi) were successfully synthesized and used for the removal of tetracycline (TC). These materials were characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, BET. Different factors such as the mass ratio, dosage of adsorbent, ph, initial TC concentration and temperature were investigated. Based on these results; a possible removal mechanism was proposed including TC adsorption and TC reduction via oxidation of Fe0 to Fe3+. In addition, isotherm and thermodynamic parameters were applied to the equilibrium data. The maximum adsorption capacity of TC by nzvi and P-nzvi was 105.46 mg/g and 115.13 mg/g, respectively. Adsorption and reduction kinetics were examined for the TC removal process. The pseudo-second-order model and pseudo-first-order model was observed for adsorption and reduction process, respectively. Finally, more than 90% of TC from aqueous solutions was removed by nzvi and P-nzvi.

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21

Ling, Lan, and Wei-xian Zhang. "Mapping the reactions of hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)] in iron nanoparticles using spherical aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (Cs-STEM)." Anal. Methods 6, no. 10 (2014): 3211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00075g.

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22

Bagbi, Yana. "Nanoscale zero-valent iron for aqueous lead removal." Advanced Materials Proceedings 2, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5185/amp.2017/407.

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23

Barick, K. C., M. Aslam, Pottumarthi V. Prasad, Vinayak P. Dravid, and Dhirendra Bahadur. "Nanoscale assembly of amine-functionalized colloidal iron oxide." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 321, no. 10 (May 2009): 1529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.02.080.

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24

Suponik, Tomasz, Marcin Lemanowicz, and Pawel Wrona. "Stability of green tea nanoscale zero-valent iron." E3S Web of Conferences 8 (2016): 01048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20160801048.

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25

Pósfai, M., T. Kasama, E. T. Simpson, R. K. K. Chong, and R. E. Dunin-Borkowski. "Nanoscale magnetic properties of iron minerals in bacteria." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 62, a1 (August 6, 2006): s39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767306099223.

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26

Lien, Hsing-Lung, and Wei-xian Zhang. "Transformation of Chlorinated Methanes by Nanoscale Iron Particles." Journal of Environmental Engineering 125, no. 11 (November 1999): 1042–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(1999)125:11(1042).

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27

Köber, R., H. Hollert, G. Hornbruch, M. Jekel, A. Kamptner, N. Klaas, H. Maes, et al. "Nanoscale zero-valent iron flakes for groundwater treatment." Environmental Earth Sciences 72, no. 9 (April 18, 2014): 3339–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-014-3239-0.

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28

Li, Shaolin, Jianhua Li, Wei Wang, and Wei-xian Zhang. "Recovery of gold from wastewater using nanoscale zero-valent iron." Environmental Science: Nano 6, no. 2 (2019): 519–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8en01018h.

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29

Chen, Hualin, Huajun Xie, Jiangmin Zhou, Yueliang Tao, Yongpu Zhang, Qiansong Zheng, and Yufeng Wang. "Removal efficiency of hexavalent chromium from wastewater using starch-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 6 (September 15, 2019): 1076–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.358.

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Abstract In this study, starch-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron (S-nZVI) was produced using the liquid-phase reduction method. It was used to remove chromium from wastewater, and compared to a commercial nanoscale zero-valent iron (C-nZVI). Both nZVIs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results showed that S-nZVI had smaller particles and a more uniform particle size distribution than C-nZVI. Both nZVIs showed a core-shell structure with the Fe0 core prominently surrounded by less iron oxides of Fe2+ and Fe3+. The optimal application methods to remove Cr(VI) from wastewater were also explored. The results showed that both the removal efficiencies of total Cr and Cr(VI) increased with increases in the addition of nZVIs, while the removal efficiencies of total Cr and Cr(VI) by S-nZVI were clearly higher than that of C-nZVI, especially in a low pH range (pH = 1.0–6.0). This research indicated that starch-stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron is a valuable material to remove heavy metals from wastewater due to its stability and high reactivity.

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30

Lien, H. L., and W. Zhang. "Effect of palladium on the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes with nanoscale Pd/Fe particles." Water Supply 4, no. 5-6 (December 1, 2004): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2004.0120.

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Direct injection of nanoscale iron particles represents a promising technology for in-situ groundwater remediation. Nanoscale Pd/Fe particles have been shown an excellent performance for degradation of a wide array of contaminants in groundwater. The objective of this study is to investigate the nature of palladium on the reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethylenes using nanoscale Pd/Fe particles. Kinetics analysis indicated that nanoscale Pd/Fe particles increased dechlorination rates by 1–2 orders of magnitude compared to nanoscale Fe particles alone. XRD analysis and activation energy measurement suggested that the increase of reaction rates can be attributed to the catalytic property of palladium.

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31

Solórzano, Rubén, Olivia Tort, Javier García-Pardo, Tuixent Escribà, Julia Lorenzo, Mireia Arnedo, Daniel Ruiz-Molina, Ramon Alibés, Félix Busqué, and Fernando Novio. "Versatile iron–catechol-based nanoscale coordination polymers with antiretroviral ligand functionalization and their use as efficient carriers in HIV/AIDS therapy." Biomaterials Science 7, no. 1 (2019): 178–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8bm01221k.

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32

He, Pan-Pan, Chuan-Shu He, Qi Liu, and Yang Mu. "Dehalogenation of diatrizoate using nanoscale zero-valent iron: impacts of various parameters and assessment of aerobic biological post-treatment." RSC Advances 7, no. 44 (2017): 27214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03750c.

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33

White, Jessica Jein, Junxian Liu, Jack Jon Hinsch, and Yun Wang. "Theoretical understanding of the properties of stepped iron surfaces with van der Waals interaction corrections." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 23, no. 4 (2021): 2649–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp05977c.

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34

Ho, Yuh-Shan. "Comments on "3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane functionalized nanoscale zero-valent iron for the removal of dyes from aqueous solution"." Polish Journal of Chemical Technology 13, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10026-011-0055-0.

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35

Bhattacharjee, Sourjya, and Subhasis Ghoshal. "Sulfidation of nanoscale zerovalent iron in the presence of two organic macromolecules and its effects on trichloroethene degradation." Environmental Science: Nano 5, no. 3 (2018): 782–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7en01205e.

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36

Weinrich, Henning, Jérémy Come, Hermann Tempel, Hans Kungl, Rüdiger-A. Eichel, and Nina Balke. "Understanding the nanoscale redox-behavior of iron-anodes for rechargeable iron-air batteries." Nano Energy 41 (November 2017): 706–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2017.10.023.

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37

Chen, Shin-Shian, Yi-Chu Huang, Jian-Yu Lin, and Ming-Hei Lin. "Dechlorination of tetrachloroethylene in water using stabilized nanoscale iron and palladized iron particles." Desalination and Water Treatment 52, no. 4-6 (August 12, 2013): 702–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.827305.

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38

Tsarev, Sergey, Richard N. Collins, Eugene S. Ilton, Adam Fahy, and T. David Waite. "The short-term reduction of uranium by nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI): role of oxide shell, reduction mechanism and the formation of U(v)-carbonate phases." Environmental Science: Nano 4, no. 6 (2017): 1304–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7en00024c.

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39

Nguyen, Nhung H. A., Roman Špánek, Vojtěch Kasalický, David Ribas, Denisa Vlková, Hana Řeháková, Pavel Kejzlar, and Alena Ševců. "Different effects of nano-scale and micro-scale zero-valent iron particles on planktonic microorganisms from natural reservoir water." Environmental Science: Nano 5, no. 5 (2018): 1117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7en01120b.

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40

Navratil, J. D., and M. T. Shing Tsair. "Magnetic separation of iron and heavy metals from water." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0009.

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A magnetic separation device is being developed for removal of iron and heavy metals from water. The device consists of a column of supported magnetite surrounded by a movable permanent magnet. The mineral magnetite, or synthetically prepared iron ferrite (FeO.Fe2O3), is typically supported on various materials to permit adequate water passage through the column. In the presence of an external magnetic field, enhanced capacity was observed in using supported magnetite for removal of actinides and heavy metals from wastewater. The enhanced capacity is primarily due to magnetic filtration of colloidal and nanoscale particles along with some complex and ion exchange sorption mechanisms. This paper will review some previous work on the use of magnetite for wastewater treatment and discuss the development and potential of the magnetic nanoscale filtration/sorption process for water treatment. Recent research results are also presented on preliminary experimental studies using the process with water samples containing iron.

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41

Kenik, E. A., D. Hoelzer, P. J. Maziasz, and M. K. Miller. "Characterization of Nanoscale Clusters in Ods Iron-Based Alloys." Microscopy and Microanalysis 7, S2 (August 2001): 550–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600028828.

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The high temperature application of iron-based ferritic alloys is limited by their rapid decrease of yield strength at temperatures approaching 1000°C. It has been shown that mechanical-alloying (MA) to produce oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) ferritic alloys improves their high temperature mechanical properties. Prior characterization of such materials has shown that in certain as-processed alloys the original yttria oxide particles are replaced by nanoscale (2-5 nm diameter) clusters containing Ti, Y and O. As a result of the high density of these fine clusters, dislocation pinning produced a ∼10-fold increase in dislocation density relative to similar ODS materials not exhibiting the nanoscale clustering. The improved creep resistance of the clustered material was attributed both to the higher dislocation density, additional dislocation pinning and resistance to recovery during creep. The current work examines clustering in a related alloy, as well as the effects of high temperature creep on the stability of such clusters.

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42

Chen, S. Y., W. H. Chen, and C. J. Shih. "Heavy metal removal from wastewater using zero-valent iron nanoparticles." Water Science and Technology 58, no. 10 (November 1, 2008): 1947–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.556.

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Because of having a high reduction potential, the zero-valent iron (ZVI) is often applied for the remediation of wastewater or groundwater with heavy metals. The purpose of this study was aimed to investigate the reaction behavior of heavy metals with ZVI nanoparticles in the wastewater. The affecting factors, such as initial pH, dosage of nanoscale ZVI and initial concentration of heavy metal, on the removal efficiency of heavy metals by ZVI in the wastewater were examined by the batch experiments in this study. It was found that the removal of heavy metals was affected by initial pH. The rate and efficiency of metal removal increased with decreasing initial pH. Greater than 90% of the heavy metals were removed when the initial pH was controlled at 2. In addition, the rate and efficiency of metal removal increased as the dosage of nanoscale ZVI increased. The removal efficiency of heavy metal was higher than 80% when 2.0 g/L of ZVI was added in the wastewater. On the other hand, the slow rate and low efficiency of metal removal from the wastewater treated by nanoscale ZVI was found in the wastewater with high concentration of heavy metal.

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43

Yao, N., A. Navrotsky, and K. Leinenweber. "Nanoscale encapsulation of Fe crystallites within a protective graphite cage." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 982–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100172644.

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Since the discovery of carbon fullerene nanotubules by Iijima using high resolution transmission electron microscopy, there has been a great deal of interest in the properties of tubules and related structures. Recently, it was reported that in the presence of transition-metal catalyst particles, abundant single-shell carbon nanotubes or graphite-encapsulated metal nanocrystals can be produced in a carbon-arc synthesis chamber using electrodes containing both carbon graphite and metal. The vaporization of metal from anode in an inert gas environment takes place simultaneously with the production of soot from the carbon cathode. In this paper, we report that the graphite-encapsulated iron nanocrystals can be made by electron beam irradiation of iron particles on an amorphous carbon support in situ.The initial aim of our experiments was to study the microstructure and defects of a new calcium iron (II) titanate, CaFeTi2O6, compound, which was synthesized at 12-15 GPa and 1200-1400°C. This material contains a few iron particles in addition to the major oxide phase.

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Sethi, Komal, Shalini Sharma, and Indrajit Roy. "Nanoscale iron carboxylate metal organic frameworks as drug carriers for magnetically aided intracellular delivery." RSC Advances 6, no. 80 (2016): 76861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra18480d.

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45

Wiaderek, Kamila, Olaf Borkiewicz, Nathalie Pereira, Jan Ilavsky, Glenn Amatucci, Peter Chupas, and Karena Chapman. "From atoms to electrodes: Mesoscale effects in electrochemical conversion." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314088263.

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Batteries are complex multicomponent devices wherein mesoscale phenomena–the nanoscale structure and chemistry of different components, and interactions thereof–drive functionality and performance. For example, electron/ion transport within the composite electrodes relies on bi-continuous nanostructuring to form electrically and ionicly conductive paths. Electrochemical conversion of different salts of a given metal yields a common and ostensibly identical product: the zero valent metal. For example, maximal lithiation of iron-based electrodes produces metallic iron nanoparticles for oxide, fluoride, and oxyfluoride electrodes alike. Accordingly, these provide an opportunity to explore the coupling of nanostructure development and anion chemistry, and correlate these with electrochemical performance. We combine synchrotron-based small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and pair distribution function (PDF) measurements to probe metallic iron formed by electrochemical conversion of different iron compounds across multiple length-scales and decouple the influence of anion chemistry and reaction temperature on the atomic structure and nanoscale morphology.

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Wang, Xue, Mei Ying Dong, Ling Liu, Ying Liu, Zhao Hui Jin, and Tie Long Li. "Study on Cytotoxicity of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Particles." Materials Science Forum 694 (July 2011): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.694.224.

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Although small nZNI nanoparticles are useful in various applications, the biosafety of this material needs to be evaluated. In this study, Escherichia coli cells were exposed to 0, 112, 560, 1120 mg/L of nano-Fe0particles, respectively. Experiments were carried out to examine the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cellular superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) after exposure to nano-Fe0 for 24h. The activities of LDH and the levels of MDA were significantly increased (P<0.05), respectively. However, the activities of SOD were significantly decreased (P<0.05). A dose dependent increase in lipid peroxidation product (MDA) contents was observed in treatment groups(r=0.945, P<0.05).The result demonstrated that the damage to cell membranes and oxidative stress were mechanisms of nano-Fe0 ecotoxicity.

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Lien, Hsing-Lung, and Wei-xian Zhang. "Nanoscale iron particles for complete reduction of chlorinated ethenes." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 191, no. 1-2 (October 2001): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7757(01)00767-1.

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Phenrat, Tanapon, Navid Saleh, Kevin Sirk, Robert D. Tilton, and Gregory V. Lowry. "Aggregation and Sedimentation of Aqueous Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron Dispersions." Environmental Science & Technology 41, no. 1 (January 2007): 284–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es061349a.

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Choe, Seunghee, Yoon-Young Chang, Kyung-Yub Hwang, and Jeehyeong Khim. "Kinetics of reductive denitrification by nanoscale zero-valent iron." Chemosphere 41, no. 8 (October 2000): 1307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(99)00506-8.

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Bai, Pengpeng, Shuqi Zheng, Changfeng Chen, and Hui Zhao. "Investigation of the Iron–Sulfide Phase Transformation in Nanoscale." Crystal Growth & Design 14, no. 9 (August 12, 2014): 4295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cg500333p.

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