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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2023

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Meenakshi, Sudheesh Shukla, Jagriti Narang, Vinod Kumar, Penny Govender, Avi Niv, Chaudhery Hussain, Rui Wang, Bindu Mangla, and Rajendran Babu. "Switchable Graphene-Based Bioelectronics Interfaces." Chemosensors 8, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors8020045.

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Integration of materials acts as a bridge between the electronic and biological worlds, which has revolutionized the development of bioelectronic devices. This review highlights the rapidly emerging field of switchable interface and its bioelectronics applications. This review article highlights the role and importance of two-dimensional (2D) materials, especially graphene, in the field of bioelectronics. Because of the excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties graphene have promising application in the field of bioelectronics. The easy integration, biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, and conformity add impact in its use for the fabrication of bioelectronic devices. In addition, the switchable behavior of this material adds an impact on the study of natural biochemical processes. In general, the behavior of the interfacial materials can be tuned with modest changes in the bioelectronics interface systems. It is also believed that switchable behavior of materials responds to a major change at the nanoscale level by regulating the behavior of the stimuli-responsive interface architecture.

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O'Connell, C. D., M. J. Higgins, S. E. Moulton, and G. G. Wallace. "Nano-bioelectronics via dip-pen nanolithography." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 3, no. 25 (2015): 6431–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5tc00186b.

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Mejias, Sara H., Elena López-Martínez, Maxence Fernandez, Pierre Couleaud, Ana Martin-Lasanta, David Romera, Ana Sanchez-Iglesias, et al. "Engineering conductive protein films through nanoscale self-assembly and gold nanoparticles doping." Nanoscale 13, no. 14 (2021): 6772–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nr00238d.

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We report the fabrication of a conductive biomaterial based on engineered proteins and patterned gold nanoparticles to overcome the challenge of charge transport on macroscopic protein-based materials. This approach has great value for bioelectronics.

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Rakshit, Tatini, Sudipta Bera, Jayeeta Kolay, and Rupa Mukhopadhyay. "Nanoscale solid-state electron transport via ferritin: Implications in molecular bioelectronics." Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects 24 (October 2020): 100582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100582.

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Dey, D., and T. Goswami. "Optical Biosensors: A Revolution Towards Quantum Nanoscale Electronics Device Fabrication." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/348218.

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The dimension of biomolecules is of few nanometers, so the biomolecular devices ought to be of that range so a better understanding about the performance of the electronic biomolecular devices can be obtained at nanoscale. Development of optical biomolecular device is a new move towards revolution of nano-bioelectronics. Optical biosensor is one of such nano-biomolecular devices that has a potential to pave a new dimension of research and device fabrication in the field of optical and biomedical fields. This paper is a very small report about optical biosensor and its development and importance in various fields.

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Sanjuan-Alberte, Paola, Jayasheelan Vaithilingam, Jonathan C. Moore, Ricky D. Wildman, Christopher J. Tuck, Morgan R. Alexander, Richard J. M. Hague, and Frankie J. Rawson. "Development of Conductive Gelatine-Methacrylate Inks for Two-Photon Polymerisation." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 26, 2021): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071038.

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Conductive hydrogel-based materials are attracting considerable interest for bioelectronic applications due to their ability to act as more compatible soft interfaces between biological and electrical systems. Despite significant advances that are being achieved in the manufacture of hydrogels, precise control over the topographies and architectures remains challenging. In this work, we present for the first time a strategy to manufacture structures with resolutions in the micro-/nanoscale based on hydrogels with enhanced electrical properties. Gelatine methacrylate (GelMa)-based inks were formulated for two-photon polymerisation (2PP). The electrical properties of this material were improved, compared to pristine GelMa, by dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) acting as conductive nanofillers, which was confirmed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. This material was also confirmed to support human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocyte (hPSC-CMs) viability and growth. Ultra-thin film structures of 10 µm thickness and scaffolds were manufactured by 2PP, demonstrating the potential of this method in areas spanning tissue engineering and bioelectronics. Though further developments in the instrumentation are required to manufacture more complex structures, this work presents an innovative approach to the manufacture of conductive hydrogels in extremely low resolution.

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Magisetty, RaviPrakash, and Sung-Min Park. "New Era of Electroceuticals: Clinically Driven Smart Implantable Electronic Devices Moving towards Precision Therapy." Micromachines 13, no. 2 (January 22, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13020161.

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In the name of electroceuticals, bioelectronic devices have transformed and become essential for dealing with all physiological responses. This significant advancement is attributable to its interdisciplinary nature from engineering and sciences and also the progress in micro and nanotechnologies. Undoubtedly, in the future, bioelectronics would lead in such a way that diagnosing and treating patients’ diseases is more efficient. In this context, we have reviewed the current advancement of implantable medical electronics (electroceuticals) with their immense potential advantages. Specifically, the article discusses pacemakers, neural stimulation, artificial retinae, and vagus nerve stimulation, their micro/nanoscale features, and material aspects as value addition. Over the past years, most researchers have only focused on the electroceuticals metamorphically transforming from a concept to a device stage to positively impact the therapeutic outcomes. Herein, the article discusses the smart implants’ development challenges and opportunities, electromagnetic field effects, and their potential consequences, which will be useful for developing a reliable and qualified smart electroceutical implant for targeted clinical use. Finally, this review article highlights the importance of wirelessly supplying the necessary power and wirelessly triggering functional electronic circuits with ultra-low power consumption and multi-functional advantages such as monitoring and treating the disease in real-time.

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Shakya, Subarna. "Automated Nanopackaging using Cellulose Fibers Composition with Feasibility in SEM Environment." June 2021 3, no. 2 (July 8, 2021): 114–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jei.2021.2.004.

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By contributing to the system enhancement, the integration of Nano systems for nanosensors with biomaterials proves to be a unique element in the development of novel innovative systems. The techniques by which manipulation, handling, and preparation of the device are accomplished with respect to industrial use are a critical component that must be considered before the system is developed. The approach must be able to be used in a scanning electron microscope (SEM), resistant to environmental changes, and designed to be automated. Based on this deduction, the main objective of this research work is to develop a novel design of Nano electronic parts, which address the issue of packaging at a nanoscale. The proposed research work has used wood fibres and DNA as the bio material to develop nanoscale packaging. The use of a certain atomic force microscope (ATM) for handling DNA in dry circumstances is demonstrated with SCM wood fibrils/fibers manipulation in a scanning electron microscope (SEM).Keywords: Nano electronics, bioelectronics, scanning electron microscope (SEM), packaging, atomic force microscope (ATM)

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Palma, Matteo. "(Invited) Controlling CNT-Biomolecule Interfaces -and Their Orientation- to Tune Electrostatic Gating in CNT-Based Biosensing Devices." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 8 (July 7, 2022): 679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-018679mtgabs.

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The development of novel bioelectronics interfaces via the bottom-up assembly of platforms capable of monitoring and exploiting biomolecular interactions with nanoscale control is a central challenge in nanobiotechnology. Biomolecular interactions can be used to electrostatically gate conductance in nanomaterials-based field effect transistors (FETs), but this can be exploited far more effectively than currently done by defining the interface between the biomolecule and the transducer. This strategy forms the basis of greatly improved electrical-based biosensors and offers great potential for building next generation biosensing devices. We will first present different approaches to control the assembly of carbon nanotube (CNT)-protein interfaces towards the fabrication of bioelectronic devices, with a particular focus on the development of real-time biosensors with engineered protein interfacing. We will report the construction of nanoscale protein-based sensing devices designed to present proteins in defined orientations; this allowed us to control the local electrostatic surface presented within the Debye length, and thus modulate the conductance gating effect upon binding incoming protein targets.[1] We systematically tested how protein orientation dictates current response through a CNT-FET device by defining the interface site on the capture protein. Presentation of different protein-protein electrostatic surfaces within the Debye length led either to increase or decrease in conductance: defined and homogenous attachment allows distinctive conductance profiles to be sampled based on the unique electrostatic features of individual proteins, and can support the identification of preferred proteins orientations for optimal sensing. In our case this was done for the detection of a range of concentrations of a class b-lactamase enzymes, that degrade antibiotics, in the context of investigating antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Additionally, we will present the controlled assembly of CNT–GFP hybrids employing DNA as a linker, with protein attachment occurring predominantly at the terminal ends of the nanotubes, as designed.[2] The electronic coupling of the proteins to the nanotubes was confirmed via in-solution fluorescence spectroscopy, that revealed an increase in the emission intensity of GFP when linked to the CNTs. The strategies presented here are of general applicability for the controlled assembly of CNT-protein interfaces toward biosensing and optoelectronics applications. Finally, we will report the tuning of electrostatically gated conductance changes in CNT-aptamer biosensing FETs. We have developed diverse strategies for the construction of such nanoscale devices via in-solution assembly and (self)organization on surfaces. We will discuss how this can lead to distinct conformational changes of the CNT-bound aptamers upon biomarker recognition , leading to opposite electrical response of our biosensors , i.e. increase or decrease in current.[3] These studies highlight the need to define CNT-biomolecule interfaces in order to control and tune by design the electrostatic gating in CNT-based devices, toward the construction of optimized biosensors. [1] Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2021, 60, 20184 –20189 [2] Biomolecules 2021, 11(7), 955 [3] in preparation

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Xiang, Qian, Ying Gao, Jing Qiu Liu, Kun Qi Wang, Juan Tang, Ming Yang, Shu Ping Wang, and Wei Ling Wang. "Development of Nanomaterials Electrochemical Biosensor and its Applications." Advanced Materials Research 418-420 (December 2011): 2082–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.2082.

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Study of the electrochmeical biosensor has become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science due to their excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction. Nanomaterials provided a significant platform for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, good stability, small dimension effect, good compatibility and strong adsorption ability. In this paper, we review the development of electrochemical biosensors fabricated with various nanoscale materials, also highlight the analytical applications in terms of biochemistry.

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Chung, Yong-Ho, Taek Lee, Junhong Min, and Jeong-Woo Choi. "Nanoscale Fabrication of Myoglobin Monolayer on Self-Assembled DTSSP for Bioelectronic Device." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 11, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 4217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2011.3665.

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Lee, Taek, Yong-Ho Chung, Qi Chen, Waleed Ahmed El-Said, Junhong Min, and Jeong-Woo Choi. "Nanoscale Biofilm Modification-Method Concerning a Myoglobin/11-MUA Bilayers for Bioelectronic Device." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2012): 4119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2012.5904.

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Chen, Qi, Taek Lee, Ajay Yagati Kumar, Junhong Min, and Jeong-Woo Choi. "Analysis of Nanoscale Protein Film Consisting of Lactoferrin/11-MUA Bilayers for Bioelectronic Device." Journal of Biomedical Nanotechnology 9, no. 5 (May 1, 2013): 849–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbn.2013.1496.

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Choi, Hyo-Jick, Evan Brooks, and Carlo D. Montemagno. "Synthesis and characterization of nanoscale biomimetic polymer vesicles and polymer membranes for bioelectronic applications." Nanotechnology 16, no. 5 (February 22, 2005): S143—S149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/16/5/002.

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Griffith, Matthew J., Natalie P. Holmes, Daniel C. Elkington, Sophie Cottam, Joshua Stamenkovic, A. L. David Kilcoyne, and Thomas R. Andersen. "Manipulating nanoscale structure to control functionality in printed organic photovoltaic, transistor and bioelectronic devices." Nanotechnology 31, no. 9 (December 10, 2019): 092002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab57d0.

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Abu-Salah, Khalid, Salman A. Alrokyan, Muhammad Naziruddin Khan, and Anees Ahmad Ansari. "Nanomaterials as Analytical Tools for Genosensors." Sensors 10, no. 1 (January 26, 2010): 963–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s100100963.

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Nanomaterials are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, nanomaterials such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing nanomaterial-based biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination.

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Kim, Sang-Uk, Jin-Ho Lee, Taek Lee, Junhong Min, and Jeong-Woo Choi. "Nanoscale Film Formation of Recombinant Azurin Variants with Various Cysteine Residues on Gold Substrate for Bioelectronic Device." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 10, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 3241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2010.2260.

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Lee, Doohee, Guodong Wu, Wonhyeong Kim, Yoolim Cha, and Dong-Joo Kim. "(Digital Presentation) Paper-Based Sensor for Monitoring Urea Oxidation Using Hierarchical Nickel Cobalt Oxide." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 52 (July 7, 2022): 2173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01522173mtgabs.

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Urea has attracted attention because of its various potential applications such as hydrogen production, fuel cells, fertilizers, and electrochemical sensors. [1] Their long-term usages can lead to soil acidification and eutrophication, disturbing the ecosystem.[2] As an end-product of human metabolism, urea is a crucial biomarker that can access various human disorders such as kidney and renal function. Thus, the rapid sensing of the urea level in urine can play an important role in diagnostic areas, especially point-of-care testing devices. Most electrochemical biosensors rely on the enzymatic method. However, the utilization of the enzyme for the sensors appears to be limited due to complex processes of enzyme immobilization, high cost, short shelf life from the denaturation of the enzyme. [3] To overcome the limitations from using enzyme, non-enzymatic catalyst, especially nickel oxide, has been attracted with the advantage of good stability re-usability, high sensitivity, simplicity, low cost, and an excellent catalytic activity on detection of urea by the formation of the redox couple of Ni(II) and Ni(III).[4] Despite many efforts to achieve a higher catalytic effect with bimetallic oxides with Co[5], Mo[6], and Mn[7], the improvement of electrochemical response of oxidation of urea is still challenging due to the low exposure of active sites. Therefore, the formation of hollow structured hierarchical catalysts can be considered to improve the sensitivity of urea detection besides exploration of highly performing compositions. Such a hierarchical structure will provide structural stability and facile transport channels for electrolytes by exploiting its inner and outer surface as active sites. For a flexible and disposable sensor platform, the paper has merit due to a porous cellulose matrix. The paper naturally allows a liquid sample to infiltrate the paper matrix by capillary force. Furthermore, the capillary force-driven transport can be utilized in the catalyst loading process to distribute the catalyst and conductive network uniformly within the paper, which made the fabrication process simpler and enhanced performance. In this study, the combination of the hierarchical structure of nickel oxide and the paper matrix has demonstrated an increase in the sensitivity toward electrochemical sensing of urea. A filter paper and CNTs were used for the porous matrix and the conductive network, respectively. The hierarchical nickel cobalt oxide was synthesized with a one-pot hydrothermal method with the variation of Ni:Co atomic ratio, and then applied to the paper substrate. The structure and morphology of paper-based electrodes were characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDS, and the electrochemical response was measured by a potentiostat. A detailed description of the fabrication of paper-based sensors and the effect of hierarchical structure and bimetallic composition will be presented. [1] B. K. Boggs, R. L. King, and G. G. Botte, “Urea electrolysis: direct hydrogen production from urine,” Chem. Commun., no. 32, pp. 4859–4861, Aug. 2009, doi: 10.1039/B905974A. [2] L. Liu, H. Mo, S. Wei, and D. Raftery, “Quantitative analysis of urea in human urine and serum by 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance,” Analyst, vol. 137, no. 3, pp. 595–600, 2012, doi: 10.1039/C2AN15780B. [3] K. Kim et al., “Fabrication of a Urea Biosensor for Real-Time Dynamic Fluid Measurement,” Sensors, vol. 18, no. 8, Art. no. 8, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.3390/s18082607. [4] Nie, Huagui, et al. "Non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of glucose using well-distributed nickel nanoparticles on straight multi-walled carbon nanotubes." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 30.1 (2011): 28-34. [5] Ding, Rui, et al. "Facile synthesis of mesoporous spinel NiCo2O4 nanostructures as highly efficient electrocatalysts for urea electro-oxidation." Nanoscale 6.3 (2014): 1369-1376. [6] Liang, Yanhui, et al. "Enhanced electrooxidation of urea using NiMoO4· xH2O nanosheet arrays on Ni foam as anode." Electrochimica Acta 153 (2015): 456-460. [7] Periyasamy, Sivakumar, et al. "Exceptionally active and stable spinel nickel manganese oxide electrocatalysts for urea oxidation reaction." ACS applied materials & interfaces 8.19 (2016): 12176-12185.

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Yoo, Si-Youl, Taek Lee, Yong-Ho Chung, Junhong Min, and Jeong-Woo Choi. "Fabrication of Biofilm in Nanoscale Consisting of Cytochrome f/2-MAA Bilayer on Au Surface for Bioelectronic Devices by Self-Assembly Technique." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 11, no. 8 (August 1, 2011): 7069–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2011.4845.

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Mirkin, Chad A. "A DNA-Based Methodology for Preparing Nanocluster Circuits, Arrays, and Diagnostic Materials." MRS Bulletin 25, no. 1 (January 2000): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400065015.

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The following article is an edited transcript of the presentation given by Chad A. Mirkin (Northwestern University), recipient of the 1999 Outstanding Young Investigator award, at the 1999 Materials Research Society Spring Meeting on April 6 in San Francisco. Some examples of new work have been added to the transcript.Our group has been developing a couple of projects over the past few years, both of which deal with the general area of nanotechnology. We are very excited about this work because we think it will lead to a general methodology for preparing nanostructured materials from common inorganic building blocks and readily available DNA-interconnect molecules. The intellectual payoff from this work will be a greater understanding of the collective interactions between nanoscale building blocks in the context of organized materials, while the technological payoffs range from the development of new and useful types of DNA detection strategies, to highperformance catalysts, to the realization of bioelectronic nanocircuitry.The field of nanotechnology faces three main challenges. The first is to develop a combination of tools and materials that allows us to make small structures and control the architecture of large structures on the nanometer-length scale. Of course, we must be able to do this routinely before we can really explore this field in detail. The second important challenge is to determine the chemical and physical consequences of miniaturization, which is where the real science comes into play in nanotechnology.

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Jitendra, Gupta, Gupta Reena, and Tankara Abhishek. "Nanobot: Artificial Intelligence, Drug Delivery and Diagnostic Approach." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, December 17, 2021, 189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i59b34369.

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The design, construction, and programming of robots with overall dimensions of less than a few micrometres, as well as the programmable assembly of nanoscale items, are all part of nanorobotics. Nanobots are the next generation of medication delivery systems, as well as the ultimate nanoelectromechanical systems. Nano bioelectronics are used as the foundation for manufacturing integrated system devices with embedded nano biosensors and actuators in the nanorobot architectural paradigm, which aids in medical target identification and drug delivery. Nanotechnology advances have made it possible to create nanosensors and actuators using nano bioelectronics and biologically inspired devices. The creation of nanobots is fascinated by both top-down and bottom-up approaches. The qualities, method of synthesis, mechanism of action, element, and application of nanobots for the treatment of nervine disorders, wound healing, cancer diagnosis study, and congenital disease were highlighted in this review. This method gives you a lot of control over the situation and helps with sickness diagnosis.

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Zhang, Zhizhi, Chenxi Qin, Haiyan Feng, Yangyang Xiang, Bo Yu, Xiaowei Pei, Yanfei Ma, and Feng Zhou. "Design of large-span stick-slip freely switchable hydrogels via dynamic multiscale contact synergy." Nature Communications 13, no. 1 (November 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-34816-2.

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AbstractSolid matter that can rapidly and reversibly switch between adhesive and non-adhesive states is desired in many technological domains including climbing robotics, actuators, wound dressings, and bioelectronics due to the ability for on-demand attachment and detachment. For most types of smart adhesive materials, however, reversible switching occurs only at narrow scales (nanoscale or microscale), which limits the realization of interchangeable surfaces with distinct adhesive states. Here, we report the design of a switchable adhesive hydrogel via dynamic multiscale contact synergy, termed as DMCS-hydrogel. The hydrogel rapidly switches between slippery (friction ~0.04 N/cm2) and sticky (adhesion ~3 N/cm2) states in the solid-solid contact process, exhibits large span, is switchable and dynamic, and features rapid adhesive switching. The design strategy of this material has wide applications ranging from programmable adhesive materials to intelligent devices.

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Tang, Longhua, Long Yi, Tao Jiang, Ren Ren, Binoy Paulose Nadappuram, Bintian Zhang, Jian Wu, et al. "Measuring conductance switching in single proteins using quantum tunneling." Science Advances 8, no. 20 (May 20, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abm8149.

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Interpreting the electrical signatures of single proteins in electronic junctions has facilitated a better understanding of the intrinsic properties of proteins that are fundamental to chemical and biological processes. Often, this information is not accessible using ensemble and even single-molecule approaches. In addition, the fabrication of nanoscale single-protein junctions remains challenging as they often require sophisticated methods. We report on the fabrication of tunneling probes, direct measurement, and active control (switching) of single-protein conductance with an external field in solution. The probes allowed us to bridge a single streptavidin molecule to two independently addressable, biotin-terminated electrodes and measure single-protein tunneling response over long periods. We show that charge transport through the protein has multiple conductive pathways that depend on the magnitude of the applied bias. These findings open the door for the reliable fabrication of protein-based junctions and can enable their use in future protein-embedded bioelectronics applications.

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Lee, Donggeun, Woo Hyuk Jung, Suho Lee, Eui-Sang Yu, Taikjin Lee, Jae Hun Kim, Hyun Seok Song, et al. "Ionic contrast across a lipid membrane for Debye length extension: towards an ultimate bioelectronic transducer." Nature Communications 12, no. 1 (June 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24122-8.

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AbstractDespite technological advances in biomolecule detections, evaluation of molecular interactions via potentiometric devices under ion-enriched solutions has remained a long-standing problem. To avoid severe performance degradation of bioelectronics by ionic screening effects, we cover probe surfaces of field effect transistors with a single film of the supported lipid bilayer, and realize respectable potentiometric signals from receptor–ligand bindings irrespective of ionic strength of bulky solutions by placing an ion-free water layer underneath the supported lipid bilayer. High-energy X-ray reflectometry together with the circuit analysis and molecular dynamics simulation discovered biochemical findings that effective electrical signals dominantly originated from the sub-nanoscale conformational change of lipids in the course of receptor–ligand bindings. Beyond thorough analysis on the underlying mechanism at the molecular level, the proposed supported lipid bilayer-field effect transistor platform ensures the world-record level of sensitivity in molecular detection with excellent reproducibility regardless of molecular charges and environmental ionic conditions.

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Gluschke, J. G., J. Seidl, R. W. Lyttleton, K. Nguyen, M. Lagier, F. Meyer, P. Krogstrup, et al. "Integrated bioelectronic proton-gated logic elements utilizing nanoscale patterned Nafion." Materials Horizons, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0mh01070g.

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We report fully monolithic, nanoscale logic elements featuring n- and p-type nanowires as electronic channels that are proton-gated by electron-beam patterned Nafion giving DC gain exceeding 5 and frequency response up to 2 kHz.

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Intze, Antonia, Maria Eleonora Temperini, Leonetta Baldassarre, Valeria Giliberti, Michele Ortolani, and Raffaella Polito. "Time-resolved investigation of nanometric cell membrane patches with a mid-infrared laser microscope." Frontiers in Photonics 4 (April 28, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphot.2023.1175033.

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The proton pump Bacteriorhodopsin (BR) undergoes repeated photocycles including reversible conformational changes upon visible light illumination. Exploiting the sensitivity of infrared (IR) spectra to the conformation, we have determined the reaction kinetic parameters of the conductive intermediate M for the wild-type protein and for its slow mutant D96N during its photocycle. Time-resolved IR micro-spectroscopy using an in-house developed confocal laser microscope operating in the mid-IR is employed to record absorption changes of 10−4 at wavelengths λ1 = 6.08 μm and λ2 = 6.35 μm, assigned to backbone and retinal structural modifications, respectively. Protein samples were embedded in dried lipid bilayers deposited on ultraflat gold supports to enhance the surface field. The signals were analyzed according to a simplified photocycle model with only two dominant states: the dark-adapted state BR* and the intermediate M. We obtained the excitation and relaxation times of the intermediate M from exponential fits to the absorption change time traces. Our results constitute a first step towards future plasmonic-assisted nanoscale time-resolved mid-IR spectrometers for the characterization of bioelectronic and light-harvesting nanodevices based on BR.

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