Дисертації з теми "Nanoparticules de carbonne"
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Mucha, Sebastian. "Synthesis, characterisation, modelling, and applications of carbon quantum dots of various shapes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONS045.
Повний текст джерелаThe discovery of room-temperature light emission from carbogenic impurities in 2004 triggered intensive research on carbon dots (CDs). CDs are considered innocuous alternatives for heavy metal-containing luminescent nanostructures. They possess low cytotoxicity, efficient (and tuneable) one-photon excited fluorescence (OPEF), high photoresistance, and low-cost production. Nevertheless, their two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and the corresponding two-photon absorption (TPA) must be better characterized. In addition, the chemical tuning strategies for both OPEF and TPEF were not fully understood yet. These aspects limit the application potential of CDs.To pursue the PhD project, three types of novel CDs are considered. We investigate those CDs with particular attention paid to 1) elaboration of new synthesis and purification procedures, 2) structural characterization of molecular precursors and CDs, 3) studies on absorption and fluorescence properties in one- and two-photon regimes, 4) examination of their application potential in biochemical assays, and 5) understanding of their structure-property relations.The PhD work is divided into four main parts.The first section describes acetone-derived polymer dots (PDs) (hydrophilic and hydrophobic fractions). They were produced by a new gram-scale method via base-mediated aldol reaction. All PDs reveal quasi-spherical morphology and polymeric design. However, they differ in the contribution of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups, and aliphatic chains. PDs exhibit greenish-blue OPEF with an excitation-dependent trend. We consider that emission arises from the ensemble of sub-fluorophores with the crosslink-enhanced effect.In the second part, we focus on hydrophilic PDs. They demonstrate an intense green TPEF and a strong TPA performance in the first biological window. They show no cytotoxic effects nor photobleaching. Interactions between serum albumins and PDs are then explored. Both OPEF and TPEF signals of PDs appear to be enhanced in the proteinous environment. Meanwhile, PDs do not change the secondary protein structure. Finally, we confirm that PDs can be used as selective and efficient agents in reversible and non-destructive probing of albumins in simulated physiological conditions.The third section reports on folic acid-based carbon nanodots (FA CNDs). These nanostructures were synthesized through the hydrothermal treatment of FA molecules. Nitrogen-doped FA CNDs possess heterogeneous internal structures, consisting of sp2-/sp3-hybridized carbon domains. They are rich in polar groups (e.g. carboxyls and hydroxyls). FA CNDs exhibit efficient blue OPEF and TPEF in aqueous media; their TPA spectrum covers the red/NIR region. Finally, FA CNDs are applied in the bioimaging of myelin figures in cooperation with other scientists.The fourth section is addressed to phloroglucinol-derived (PG) CNDs. We elaborated protocols to produce three fractions of PG CNDs using solvothermal and thermal decomposition methods. PG CNDs have a heterogeneous design (with sp2- and sp3-carbon domains) which is rich in oxygenous groups. PG CNDs provide monochromatic and intense OPEF and TPEF signals (tuneable in the blue-orange colour range) - responsive to hydrogen bonds between CNDs and solvent molecules. PG CNDs appear to be also effective two-photon absorbers in the wide wavelength range. Finally, we recognize two chemical strategies to tune the emission of PG CNDs: i) the contribution of oxygenous groups with the conjugated π-domains andii) the hydrogen-bond network.We are convinced that this PhD research is an essential piece of the puzzle in the further development of CDs as OPEF and TPEF emitters
Ben, Sghaier Asma. "Hybrides polymer materials organic/inorganic nanoparticule." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1163.
Повний текст джерелаDiazonium interface chemistry has progressed over the last few years and practically involved in all areas of materials science and engineering. The rationale for employing diazonium salts is that they attach to surfaces with remarkable bond energies, particularly on sp² carbon materials, making them an ideal coupling agent for polymers to surfaces In this context, novel CNT-polytriazole (CNT-PTAz) and CNT-dye nanohybrids were designed and thoroughly characterized. First, CNT-PTAz nanohybrid was prepared by click polymerization: multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were modified with azidophenyl groups (CNT-N3) from 4-azidobenzenediazonium precursor and served as nanoscale platform for the surface confined polyaddition. The CNT-PTAz nanohybrid was characterized by TGA, XPS, IR, and Raman. The robust CNT-PTAz is robust and has potential in developing heavy metal adsorbents, nanosupport for catalysts or for gas storage. In the second major part, we grafted CNT with diazotized Neutral red (NR), Azure A (AA) and Congo Red (CR) dyes by simple, spontaneous reaction of the diazonium salts and CNTs in water, at RT. A thorough investigation of the nanohybrids showed that the adhesion is strong (CNT-dye C-C bond energy higher than 150 kJ/mol), and the layer is uniform. These nanohybrids further served to reinforce ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) an elastomeric matrix. The reinforced matrix is flexible and serves as optothermal actuators where the grafted dye catches the light to induce mechanical changes in the matrix monitored by dynamic mechanical analysis. CNT/dye-reinforced EVA is a promising flexible composite for developing new types of visual-aid tablet for visually impaired people. The versatile CNT-dye nanohybrids are also unique chemiresistive gas sensors for the molecular recognition of acetone vapours. In a final application, CNT-CR nanohybrid was investigated as an electrocatalyst for the Direct Oxidation of Methanol. Interesting results were obtained with these nanohybrids but significant improvements (3-fold) of the electrocatalytic properties were achieved with CNT-CR decorated with gold nanoparticles. The newly designed electrocatalytic system could be regarded for different promising applications most likely as for sensors, biosensors, heterogeneous catalysts for fuel cells and for nanotechnology To summarize, newly designed CNT-based nanohybrids have unique performances ascribed to the versatility of the diazonium interface chemistry in efficiently attaching functional molecular and macromolecular layers. The novel nanohybrids serve as building blocks for designing high performance nanocomposite materials relevant to challenging timely social economic issues, namely environment, biomedicine and energy
Babou, Kammoe Romuald Brice. "Synthèse de nanoparticules de carbonate de calcium." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27760/27760.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPicard-Lafond, Audrey. "Synthèse de nanoparticules riches en carbone par polymérisation en dispersion." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27902.
Повний текст джерелаThe interest in carbon nanomaterials is expanding due to their potential for various applications. The network of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms, common to all materials of this family, generates excellent electronic and optical properties which are modulated by the shape, the size and the dimensionality of the carbon network. Among these nanomaterials, carbon nanoparticles (CNP) have a singular potential due to their photoluminescence properties, their photostability and their low toxicity. Accordingly, the application of CNP in biomedicine, optoelectronics and photocatalysis is greatly studied. However, the current synthetic methods and separation techniques represent limitations to their implementation. The use of high temperatures (>100 °C) hinders the precise control over shape and size of the CNP, the synthetic yields are low and the materials’ surface is chemically inert. In this project, the objective is to establish a route for CNP synthesis which surpasses the limitations of the current preparation methods. In other words, we are trying to develop a method allowing a precise control of the particles’ shape and size, while avoiding the use of high temperatures. The strategy is based on the dispersion polymerization of alkyne-rich organic units, used as a metastable carbon source. On one hand, the polymerization of alkyne-rich monomers allows the one-step synthesis of polyynes which, due to their instability, react spontaneously to produce a material composed mainly of sp²-hybridized carbon atoms. On the other hand, dispersion polymerization ensures a morphological control of the particles during their synthesis. Adding to the main objective, surface functionalization of the particles is intended by exploiting the reactivity of residual alkynes in the carbon structure. Also, we try to exchange the alkyne-rich monomer in order to improve the photoluminescence properties of the particles obtained from the developed process.
Marino, Emanuela. "Nanoparticules de carbone par pyrolyse laser : étude de l'incorporation d'hétéroatomes." Paris 11, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA112287.
Повний текст джерелаCarbon nanoparticles are studied for their interesting properties in many application fields. This implies to understand and to characterise the specific properties of these nanoparticles. Laser pyrolysis is a versatile method for the synthesis of various nanoparticles and has been used successfully in the case of carbon nanoparticles. The aim of this work is to extend this research to the study of mixed carbon structures such as carbon/nitrogen or carbon/iron structures. These structures are indeed little studied and it is important to be able to determine the optimal experimental conditions to elaborate them by laser pyrolysis and to characterise their properties. In the case of carbon/nitrogen structures, we succeed in the incorporation of nitrogen in the powders in large amounts up to 20%. This high incorporation occurred by using a mixture of different gaseous precursors and allowed us to study the evolution of the structure as a function of the nitrogen incorporation rate in the powders. A comparative study between infrared spectroscopy and near edge x-ray absorption fine structure allowed to attribute the observed bands to an original structure. Indeed these bands could be explained by the interaction of a non bonding doublet of a nitrogen and the cn triple bond which can be present in two types of bondings : -c=n-cn or n-c=c-cn. For the carbon/iron compounds, this work showed how the laser pyrolysis of an aerosol mixture containing ferrocene leads to the synthesis of carbon nanopowders with different morphologies and structures. These powders contain always iron nanoparticles incorporated in the carbon matrix
Moreno, Maryline. "Synthèse en phase gazeuse de nanoparticules de carbone par plasma hors équilibre." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002356.
Повний текст джерелаLouhab, Krim. "Nucléation et croissance électrochimiques de nanoparticules de platine sur substrats de carbone." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0057.
Повний текст джерелаMONTANT, RAMANITRA LYSIANE. "Encapsulation de nanoparticules de noir de carbone conductrices et de nanoparticules de fer magnetiques et conductrices par un polymere thermoplastique." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066634.
Повний текст джерелаLukanov, Petar. "Synthèse de nanotubes de carbone remplis et de nanoparticules encapsulées dans des coques de carbone pour applications biomédicales." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1127/.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was performed in the framework of the European FP6 RTN CARBIO (www. Carbio. Eu) project, aiming at exploiting the potential of multi- functional DWNT and Carbon encapsulated metal nanoparticles for biomedical application, in particular to act as magnetic nano-heaters(cancer treatment by hyperthermia) or drug - carrier systems. To achieve these goals, DWNT have first been synthesised by catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) of a H2-CH4 mixture over (Mg, Co, Mo)O catalysts. In order to fill the empty cavity of DWNT with magnetic materials, the tips of the tubes have to be opened. The opening of DWNT was performed in different conditions using wet chemistry routes such as oxidation with HNO3, HNO3/H2SO4, KMnO4 or K2Cr2O7 or dry routes involving air oxidation or microwave heating. Due to drawbacks of some of the opening techniques (sample coating with amorphous oxidation debris), we have developed extra purification methods such as NaOH washing, oxidation in air or microwave heating. The filling of DWNT was performed using one-step (during the opening) or two-step (after the opening) methods in over-saturated iron (III) nitrate or iron (III) chloride solutions, in different conditions in order to assess the influence of stirring time, concentration and temperature. Control experiments of filling with uranium compounds were performed. A second strategy that we have developed in this work was the direct CCVD synthesis of carbon-encapsulated Fe, Co, Co/Fe and Ni nanoparticles. The encapsulated nanoparticles have been synthesized with gaseous mixtures of H2/CH4 or N2/CH4, using different MgO-based catalysts (Mg0. 95Co0. 05O, Mg0. 95Fe0. 05O, Mg0. 95Co0. 025/Fe0. 025O and Mg0. 95Ni0. 05O solid solutions). The obtained samples correspond for example to spherical and/or oblong carbon-encapsulated Co nanoparticles with size distribution 6-10 nm (60%) and 11-20 nm (40%). Oblong or spherical carbon-encapsulated nanoparticles were also observed with Fe and Co/Fe, with diameter within the range 1-10 nm (80%) and 11-30 nm (20%). The most promising material for hyperthermia application was found to be the carbon-encapsulated Co nanoparticles which showed the highest saturation magnetisation at room temperature (Ms) and the highest Specific Absorption Rate (SAR)
Wang, Dong. "Nouveaux catalyseurs recyclables pour les réactions de formation de liaisons carbone-carbone et carbone-azote." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0128/document.
Повний текст джерелаCatalysts based on dendrimers and magnetic nanoparticles are becoming increasing utilized in the context of green and sustainable chemistry, because they are easily separated by precipitation or by using asimple magnet respectively, and they are recyclable. In this spirit, the thesis has been devoted to the synthesis, characterization and catalytic applications of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles-immobilized molecular, nano-and dendritic catalysts involving Ru, Cu and Pd. Magnetically recyclable ruthenium(II) and Cu(I) complexes and Pd nanoparticles have provided excellent catalytic performances in terms of activity, stability and recyclability, using alkyne-azide cycloaddition and carbon-carbon cross coupling reactions. The synthesis of mono-and polymetallic palladium complexes containing the 2-pyridyl-1,2,3-triazole ligand or nonabranch-derived ligands has also been carried out, and their catalytic properties in coupling reactions has been studied
Larue, Camille. "Impact de nanoparticules de TiO2 et de nanotubes de carbone sur les végétaux." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00765312.
Повний текст джерелаJoly-Pottuz, Lucile. "Nanoparticules lubrifiantes à structure fermée." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2005. http://bibli.ec-lyon.fr/exl-doc/jpottuz.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAdditives with tribological action (MoDTC and ZnDTP) used at present are organic molecules containing sulphur and phosphorous. For environmental reasons, it is important to reduce or eliminate the presence of these two elements in oil. In this study, we are being interested in nanoparticles with closed structure (spherical, cylindrical) as potential substitutes of these additives. Their size, nanometric, enables them to enter easily the contact and their structure, closed, confers a great chemical inertia to them. Fullerenes of MS2 show very good friction reducing and anti wear properties. Their lubrication mechanism is based on the release of hexagonal MS2 sheets in the contact area. Tribological properties of carbon nanotubes depend on several parameters (number of wall, presence of catalyst). A structural modification of nanotubes inside the contact area is necessary
Mougel, Jean-Bruno. "Assemblages multifonctionnels à base de nanotubes de carbone et de nanocristaux de cellulose." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4048/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe association of nanoparticles with complementary properties is an interesting way to develop multifunctional original architectures. Our strategy consists in combining the ability of biosourced particles, the nanocrystals of celluloses (CNC), to form complex structures, with the properties of the single and multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT). Their non-covalent association aim is to preserve these properties and to realize oil-in-water Pickering emulsions and foams by freeze-drying. The aqueous dispersion of these nanoparticles shows high yields achieving as high as 70 % of dispersed NTC. The exploration of the various parameters controlling the dispersion (concentration of NTC and NCC, sonication time and power) and of the morphology of the hybrids (by electronic and atomic force microscopies) allow us to propose a quantitative model for the dispersion. These hybrids can also stabilize oil/water interface to form Pickering emulsion. Monodisperse distribution of micrometer-sized droplets is obtained. The addition of the NTC does not modify the morphology of the emulsion but improve their rheological properties. The freeze-drying of the concentrated emulsions produces solid foams with controlled structures. The porosity is determined during the step of emulsification. The mechanical and electrical properties show slight improvement by the addition of the NTC. We attribution these weak performance to the specific structure of the walls of the foams obtained by the alignment of the CNC weakly linked
Galvez, Aymeric. "Elaboration, organisation et proprietes optiques de nanoparticules de carbone modeles de poussieres interstellaires." Orléans, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ORLE2039.
Повний текст джерелаSenger, Antoine Le Normand François. "Films de nanotubes de carbone : mécanisme de croissance et magnétisme de films orientés." Strasbourg : Université Louis Pasteur, 2008. http://eprints-scd-ulp.u-strasbg.fr:8080/1102/01/SENGER_Antoine_2008_restrict.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCornelio, Benedetta. "Nanoparticules de palladium comme catalyseurs : Conception, analyses et application pour la préparation de dérivés bisaryliques d'intérêt biologique." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMP203.
Повний текст джерела3,4-bisindolylmaleimides possess an inhibitory activity against protein kinase. Because 3-isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxide can be considered as maleimide analog, 5-chloro and 4,5-dichloro-3-isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxide were functionalised using a palladium-catalysed Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction achieving the “thia” analogs of 3,4-bisindolylmaleimides. We were also interested in the preparation primary sulfonamides such as 4-(hetero)aryl substituted benzenesulfonamides as carbonic anhydrases inhibitors.A series of hybrid materials comprising palladium nanoparticles adsorbed on carbon nanostructures has been prepared and tested as heterogeneous catalysts of palladium-mediated cross-coupling reactions. The best catalyst, resulting in palladium nanoparticles stabilised by dodecanethiol adsorbed on multi-walled carbon nanotubes, was employed in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions for the preparation of twenty-four new 4-(hetero)aryl substituted benzenesulfonamides. As this catalyst failed in the functionalisation of isothiazolone-1,(1)-(di)oxides, this latter was realised using a more conventional catalyst, PdCl2(dppf)•CH2Cl2.A last part of the project aimed to the conception of catalysts made of palladium nanoparticles encapsulated in graphitised carbon nanofibres (nanoreactors). We prepared a series of nanoreactors and we studied the effect of the confinement inside the nanofibre channel on the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction
Baret, Bertrand. "Composites nanotubes de carbone - nanoparticules de platine enrobées pour électrodes de pile à combustible." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356902.
Повний текст джерелаJumelle, Clotilde. "Délivrance de molécules dans l'endothélium cornéen par nanoparticules de carbone activées au laser femtoseconde." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STET011T.
Повний текст джерелаCorneal endothelial cells (CEC) are essential for corneal transparency. However, on humans, they are unable of proliferation owing to its arrest of G1 phase of the cell cycle, making corneal endothelial monolayer particularly vulnerable. The gene and drug delivery represents a promising solution to maintain CEC viability. Unfortunately, the major difficulty of this technique is the transport across the cell membrane, normally impermeable to high-size molecules. Several techniques of molecules delivery have already been tested on corneal tissue but none of them gives results sufficiently convincing to be used in clinical applications. The aim of this thesis is to adapt and develop a new technique of intracellular molecules delivery, based on cell perforation via photoacoustic effect induced by the activation of carbon nanoparticles by femtosecond laser, on in vitro and ex vivo models of corneal endothelium
Barrazouk, Said. "Étude des cellules photoélectrochimiques à base de nanoparticules d'or et de nanotubes de carbone /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24641943R.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBarazzouk, Said. "Étude des cellules photoélectrochimiques à base de nanoparticules d'or et de nanotubes de carbone." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2006. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1390/1/000131303.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаConturbia, Giovanni de Lima Cabral. "Celulas solares baseadas em nanotubos de carbono modificado e nanoparticulas de ouro." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/250676.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo:Células solares orgânicas têm despertado atenções devido ao baixo custo de produção e dos materiais utilizados, bem como devido à versatilidade química e de propriedades eletrônicas e ópticas dos semicondutores orgânicos. A eficiência atual atinge 5% (100 mWcm). Nanotubos de carbono encontram suas aplicações nessas células ora como eletrodos transparentes ora como material receptor de elétrons. Nesse trabalho, foi realizada a modificação química de nanotubos de carbono de única camada com grupos tióis, visando a incorporação de nanopartículas metálicas ou semicondutoras. O material de partida, bem como os nanotubos modificados, foi caracterizado por Espectroscopia Raman, Espectroscopia de Fotoelétron por Raios-X, Análise Térmica e Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão de Alta Resolução. Foi necessário um pós-tratamento (térmico e lavagens com diversos solventes) para que pudéssemos obter nanotubos individuais e funcionalizados. O pós-tratamento também possibilitou um aumento na fotocorrente dos dispositivos em comparação com o dispositivo sem nanotubos de carbono. A incorporação de nanopartículas de ouro no sistema P3HT/fulereno acresceu a fotocorrente e o fator de preenchimento dos dispositivos. Estudos de caracterização através de difração de raios-X, espectroscopia UV-visível e microscopia de força atômica, indicam que esse aumento está relacionado a uma mudança na morfologia do sistema, aumentando a cristalinidade do polímero e também ao efeito plasmônico com a adição das nanopartículas. Imagens de microscopia eletrônica de transmissão revelaram que as nanopartículas de ouro estão distribuídas tanto na fase polimérica quanto na fase contendo moléculas de fulereno
Abstract: Organic solar cells have attracted attention due to their low costs of production and materials used, as well as the chemical versatility and good electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductors. The current efficiency reaches 5% (100 mWcm). Carbon nanotubes materials can be applied in these cells as both transparent electrode or as electron acceptor materials. In this work, the chemical modification of single wall carbon nanotubes was carried out attaching thiol groups, aiming the incorporation of semiconductor or metallic nanoparticles. The raw material and the modified nanotubes were characterized by Raman Spectroscopy, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Thermal Analysis and High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. A post-treatment (thermal and washing with different solvents) was necessary in order to obtain single functionalized nanotubes. The post-treatment also allowed an increase in the photocurrent of the devices compared to the device without carbon nanotubes. The incorporation of gold nanoparticles in the P3HT/fullerene system increased the photocurrent and the fill factor of the devices. X-Ray diffraction, UV-vis Spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy studies reveal that such increase can be related to the plasmonic effect and also to a change in the morphology, increasing polymer crystallinity after incorporation of the gold nanoparticles. High resolution transmission microscopy images showed that the nanoparticles are distributed between both polymer and fullerene phase.
Mestrado
Físico-Química
Mestre em Química
Diebold, Carine. "Developpement de nouveaux catalyseurs au palladium supporté sur polymères ou nanoparticules de cobalt : application à la formation de liaisons carbone-carbone." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00807363.
Повний текст джерелаOtubo, Larissa. "Quimica de nanoestruturas : funciolnalização de nanoparticulas metalicas e nanotubos de carbono." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/249038.
Повний текст джерелаTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Quimica
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Resumo: Neste trabalho foram feitas preparações de nanopartículas de ouro passivadas com diferentes moléculas orgânicas (4,4'-tiobisbenzenotiol, benzenotiol, aminotiofenol e tiocolesterol). Tais moléculas possuem cadeias aromáticas mono ou difuncionalizadas, tendo tióis e aminas como grupamentos terminais. Foram estudados parâmetros como tamanho, estabilidade frente à agregação e coalescência, formação de blocos de agregados de nanopartículas conectadas por moléculas bifuncionais, variações das absorções no UV-Vis frente à sua formação e agregação, mostrando a importância das moléculas passivadoras nas propriedades das nanopartículas. Foram estudados também os efeitos causados pelo tratamento hidrotérmico sobre os agregados de nanopartículas passivadas com mono e ditióis. Tal estudo reforçou a importância das moléculas passivadoras na estabilidade das nanopartículas, sendo que o ditiol utilizado foi capaz de impedir o crescimento e coalescência das nanopartículas. Na segunda parte desta Tese, foram feitas as purificação e modificação química de nanotubos de carbono de parede simples com grupamentos oxigenados, tióis e aminas, visando a sua interação com nanopartículas de ouro. Foram abordados dois métodos de interação dos nanotubos com as nanopartículas de ouro: o in situ e o ex situ. Tais métodos estão relacionados com a redução do ouro e formação das nanopartículas em presença ou não dos nanotubos modificados, respectivamente. Foi observado que o tipo de grupamento na superfície dos nanotubos e o método de interação influenciaram tanto na quantidade de nanopartículas aderidas aos nanotubos, dado as diferenças de afinidade, quanto na distribuição de tamanho
Abstract: In this Thesis, passivated gold nanoparticles were prepared with different types of organic molecules (4,4'-thiobisbenzenethiol, benzenethiol, aminethiophenol e thiocolesterol). These molecules have aromatic chains, mono or difunctionalized, with thiols and amines as terminal groups. Some aspects were studied: size, stability against aggregation and coalescence, formation of blocks of nanoparticles, connected through bifuntional molecules, variations of UV-Vis absorption during aggregation, wich showed the importance of the passivating molecules on the final properties of the nanoparticles. Hydrothermal treatments were also carried out on the nanoparticles aggregates.Such study reinforced the importance of the passivating molecules on the nanoparticles' stabilization, once the dithiol showed to be capable of preventing the growing and coalescence of the nanoparticles. In the second part of this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes were purified and chemically modified. The chemical modification on the surface of the carbon nanotubes were done resulting in oxygenated, thiol and amine groups, aiming their interaction with gold nanoparticles. Two methods of interaction of the carbon nanotubes with gold nanoparticles were used: in situ and ex situ. Such methods are related with the reduction of gold and formation of the nanoparticles in presence or not of the modified nanotubes, respectively. It was observed that the type of surface modification of the nanotubes and the method of interaction influenced not only in the amount of nanoparticles on the surface of the nanotubes, due to different affinity, but also the size distribution
Doutorado
Quimica Inorganica
Doutor em Ciências
Förster, Georg Daniel. "Modélisation atomique de nanoparticules métalliques sur substrats carbonés et graphène épitaxié sur métaux." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10150/document.
Повний текст джерелаApplications of metal nanoparticles require monodisperse and stable assemblies on a substrate such as graphene or graphite. Epitaxial graphene on metal (GOM) has attracted research interest because it contributes to the self-organisation of adsorbates. The difference in the lattice constants of graphene and metal leads to a moiré that contains certain regions that are favorable for adsorption. This work is mainly concerned with the Ru-C and Pt-C systems where we were interested in the bare substrate of GOM, adsorbates deposited thereon and metal clusters on graphite. Bond order potentials allow to carry out molecular dynamics studies for systems of realistic size and at finite temperature. In the case of the Pt-C, a parametrization is available in the literature. However, for Ru-C systems a custom parametrization effort based on data from electronic structure calculations was necessary. This atomistic model neglects long ranged dispersion forces that are important for adsorption phenomena on extended substrates. Based on the Grimme models, we developed an implicit description that takes the layered structure and the semi-infinite extension of the substrate into account. Also, screening effects that are important for metal materials are taken into account. Based on this force field, we show results concerning the properties of adsorbates on carbon substrates while evaluating the dispersion model. With the help of molecular dynamics simulations, the stability of adsorbates and graphene has been studied in the context of vibrational and diffusion dynamics. In agreement with experiments, the mobility of the adsorbates on graphite is high in comparison with adsorbates on GOM
Kerdi, Fatmé. "Nouveaux carbones mésostructurés comme supports de nanoparticules d'or pour des oxydations sélectives aérobies." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833320.
Повний текст джерелаKerdi, Fatmé. "Nouveaux carbones mésostructurés comme supports de nanoparticules d’or pour des oxydations sélectives aérobies." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10170/document.
Повний текст джерелаHighly dispersed gold nanoparticles in ordered mesoporous carbons CMK-3 have been obtained by an original method which consists in replicating mesoporous SBA-15 silicas containing gold nanoparticles. The gold particle size is smaller when the silica surface is functionalized with a thiol (mercaptopropyl graft, MPTMS) (dAu ~ 2 nm) than with an ammonium (TPTAC) (dAu ~ 6 nm). The gold particle size in replicas can be controlled by both the calcination temperature of the silica template and the pyrolysis temperature of the carbon source. Although the carbon replicas are much better dispersed in non polar solvents than the corresponding silica templates, they are less active in the aerobic oxidations of cyclohexene and trans-stilbene in the liquid phase. The best performances in the oxidation of these two molecules have been obtained on replicas pyrolysed at 750°C and containing gold particles with an average size of about 2 nm. The very small particles are unexpectedly less active probably because they are completely coated by carbon, and thus inaccessible. The catalytic performances of our replicas have been compared with those of a Au/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by colloidal deposition onto a preformed mesoporous carbon replica. The results show that our catalysts are much less active than that prepared by colloidal deposition because the majority of particles in our replicas are covered by carbon. The inaccessibility of particles to gases has been confirmed by hydrogen chemisorption on a Pt/CMK-3 catalyst prepared by an identical method
Cojocaru, Costel-Sorin. "Synthèse contrôlée CCVD de films de nanostructures orientées de carbone ( nanotubes de carbone, etc. . ) : Applications en l'émission de champ et au magnétisme." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13040.
Повний текст джерелаThe present work is focused on the synthesis of oriented carbon nanotubes films, their characterization and their applications in technologies concerning field emission as well as the magnetism of encapsulated metallic nanoparticules. We have developed a growth technique called DC HF CCVD (Direct Current Hot Filament enhanced Catalytically-activated Chemical Vapor Deposition) on plane substrates of SiO 2 / Si(100). A detailed and comparative study - by means of electrons spectroscopy (XPS, AES, EELS), RAMAN spectroscopy, scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM) - allowed to control the growth, the morphology as well as the density and the alignment degree of the carbon nanotubes films and other nanostructures. Our observations also made possible to develop a qualitative growth model for oriented carbon nanotubes by a DC HF CCVD technique. A special attention was given to control the density and the spatial distribution of the carbon nanotubes arrays, using nanolithography techniques (optical, electronic or ionic beams). Measurements of the field emission properties were carried on a series of oriented, but not lithographed samples showing that the carbon nanotubes films start emitting with a threshold of 2 -2. 5 V/æm and have stable emission properties. After growth, the metallic nanoparticules used as catalysts are found encapsulated at the top of the nanotubes and thus protected from any contamination after air exposure. These nanoparticles are strongly oriented, and in appropriate deposition conditions they took a very anisotropic shape. Thus one can obtain at the same time, a strong shape anisotropy for each nanoparticle and a preferential orientation for the particles array. The magnetic properties of such arrays of Co nanoparticles encapsulated into carbon nanotubes or other nonmagnetic nanostructures were investigated by SQUID and MFM. Different magnetic behaviour were evidenced
Kayiran-Beyaz, Saadet. "Adsorption de l'hydrogène sous pression dans les nanomatériaux carbones caractérisés à partir d'analyses structurelles et morphologiquese." Paris 13, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA132017.
Повний текст джерелаVincent, Cécile Silvain Jean-François Heintz Jean-Marc. "Le composite cuivre / nanofibres de carbone." [S. l.] : Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00377607.
Повний текст джерелаGaracci, Marion. "Evaluation de la réponse cellulaire et moléculaire d'une diatomée benthique d'eau douce à l'exposition à des nanoparticules carbonées." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30250/document.
Повний текст джерелаDifferent approaches were used to assess the effect of two forms of carbon-based nanoparticles (CNP) nanotubes and graphene, in order to determine the mechanism of the response generated by the benthic freshwater diatom Nitzschia palea. The effect at the cellular community scale demonstrated a temporary impact on biofilm growth and an accumulation of NPC in the extracellular matrix. The use of transcriptomic study evidenced the role of the physic interaction, causing alteration of the frustule, in the extracellular response leading to an overexcretion of exopolymeric substances (EPS). This approach also revealed the impact of NPC on the photosynthetic activity of diatoms and a modification of the energetic metabolism suggesting an energetic allocation for the EPS production. The study of the extracellular proteome allowed to have a first insight of the extracellular matrix composition, in majority composed of hydrophobic-like proteins. In NPC exposure, diatoms seemed to produce an adhesive system allowing to strengthen the extracellular matrix and increase the biofilm stability while trapping NPC. The exposition of diatoms to the two NPC forms induce a response greatly similar for the highest tested concentration
Brimaud, Sylvain. "Caractérisation des propriétés physiques et électrochimiques de nanoparticules de platine." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Brimaud-Sylvain/2008-Brimaud-Sylvain-These.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPlatinum nanoparticles have been prepared by a wide range of colloidal syntheses. Modifications of synthesis parameters have allowed to constitute a collection of objects showing a wide range of shapes and sizes. Shape and size are two parameters which have been characterised by electronic microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Electrochemical characterisations have brought numerous information on the superficial structure displayed by nanoparticles. Overall results obtained throught these characterisations have been used to interpret voltammogramms recorded during carbon monoxide electrooxidation adsorbed on the nanocrystal surface. A strong superficial structure effect have been recorded
Brimaud, Sylvain Coutanceau Christophe Garnier Emmanuel. "Caractérisation des propriétés physiques et électrochimiques de nanoparticules de platine." Poitiers : I-Médias, 2008. http://08.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/index.php?id=1534.
Повний текст джерелаSenger, Antoine. "Films de nanotubes de carbone : Mécanisme de croissance et magnétisme de films orientés." Strasbourg 1, 2008. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2008/SENGER_Antoine_2008.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаA kinetic model for the growth of carbon nanotubes is develloped based on experimental data obtained by TEOM-CCVD synthesis of CNTs. The model takes into account associative decomposition of hydrocarbon on the surface of the catlytic particle, surface and volume diffusion, nucleation and growth of CNTs solved by finite differnce method. The surfacic process seems to be the rate determining step. To take into account microscopic scale effects a MEAM based programm is developped to analyse the path followed by an atom of carbon from the the catalytic facet to the graphitic shell of the CNT to determine whether the diffusion is volumic, sub-surfacic or surfacic. An experimental method to obtain ultra-high density assemblies of ferromagnetic nanoparticles is the Plasma-Enhanced CCVD. Monte-Carlo numerical simulations are developped to analyse the magnetic properties of such devices. We show that an aspect ratio superior to 4 does not change the magnetic propreties of the system and that we could reach with such devices a density of 10 Tbits/inch², 20 times more than what is done at the moment
Armand, Lucie. "Effet des nanoparticules de dioxyde de titane sur les métalloprotéases, influence des paramètres physicochimiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00771963.
Повний текст джерелаCohignac, Vanessa. "Réponse macrophagique à des nanoparticules manufacturées : effets de leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques sur l’autophagie." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1185/document.
Повний текст джерелаL'exposition à des nanoparticules manufacturées (NP) peut entraîner des effets sur la santé, notamment au niveau respiratoire, où elles peuvent induire des phénomènes de remodelage pulmonaire. Toutefois, les mécanismes cellulaires sous-jacents à ces effets et l'influence des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des NP dans ces effets sont encore loin d'être compris. L'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer la réponse macrophagique à des NP présentant différentes caractéristiques physico-chimiques (taille/longueur, composition chimique, forme, structure cristalline ou propriétés de surface) en se concentrant particulièrement sur leurs effets sur l'autophagie. Nous avons montré que l'exposition de macrophages murins à des nanotubes de carbone multi-parois (MWCNT) induisait un blocage de l'autophagie tandis que l'exposition à des NP sphériques induisait une autophagie fonctionnelle. Le blocage du flux autophagique par les MWCNT est associé à une accumulation de lysosomes non fonctionnels. Par ailleurs, les MWCNT induisaient une réponse oxydante et pro-inflammatoire plus importante que les particules sphériques qui pourrait être lié à leur blocage de l'autophagie. Ces résultats montrent un rôle prépondérant de la forme des nanomatériaux sur le processus autophagique, et ouvrent de nouvelles voies pour l'interprétation et la compréhension de la toxicité des nanomatériaux
Dichiara, Anthony. "Etude chronologique de la formation de nanotube de carbone par CVD d'aérosol à l'aide de diagnostics in situ : des premiers instants à la fin de la croissance." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00763604.
Повний текст джерелаBernard, Charlotte. "Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leur fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00250046.
Повний текст джерелаBernard, Charlotte. "Propriétés mécaniques des nanotubes de carbone en tant que nanosondes et leurs fonctionnalisation par bio-nanoparticules." Bordeaux 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR13455.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, Rayana Marcela Izidoro da Silva [UNESP]. "Propriedades eletrocatalíticas de nanopartículas de paládio ancoradas em carbono." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144386.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Nanoestruturas de (Pd) paládio tem atraído crescente interesse devido às suas propriedades eletrocatalíticas, em especial frente às importantes reações relacionadas às células a combustível, como a oxidação de ácido fórmico/formiato. Neste trabalho de dissertação de mestrado foi investigado o efeito do tamanho de cristalito de nanopartículas de paládio suportadas em carbono de alta área superficial (Pd/C) no comportamento eletroquímico em meio alcalino (KOH 0,1 mol L-1) e na oxidação de ácido fórmico/formiato (0,5 mol L-1). As nanopartículas foram preparadas por redução química em meio aquoso do precursor de paládio (PdCl2) por borohidreto de sódio em solução contendo concentrações variadas de íons citrato, visando obter partículas com tamanhos distintos. Os eletrocatalisadores de Pd/C foram caracterizados por difratometria de Raios-X, que permitiu o cálculo do tamanho médio do cristalito. A caracterização eletroquímica foi realizada em meio alcalino (KOH 0,1 mol L-1) por meio da voltametria cíclica. Os resultados evidenciaram interessantes aspectos da adsorção de OH- para a formação de PdO, em especial maior tendência para a formação de PdO em cristalitos menores. O estudo da eletro-oxidação de ácido fórmico/formiato foi realizado pelas técnicas de voltametria cíclica e cronoamperometria. A atividade eletrocatalítica obtida a potencial constante revelou-se dependente do tamanho dos cristalitos, apresentando uma curva do tipo de “vulcão”, com um máximo de atividade para cristalito com 7,5 nm.
Cleuziou, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés de nanoparticules magnétiques de type coeur-coquille." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/156/.
Повний текст джерелаMolecular electronics and spintronics are both rapidly emerging fields of nanoelectronics with a strong potential impact for the realization of new functions and devices helpful for information storage as well as quantum information. My thesis aimed at the merging of the two fields by the realization of molecular junctions that involves magnetic nanostructures. We chose two different approaches: (i) electronic transport through carbon nanotubes filled with magnetic material (hybrid carbon nanotubes), and (ii) development of a nano-SQUID with carbon nanotube Josephson junctions, which should be sensitive enough to study individual magnetic molecules that are attached to the carbon nanotube
Berciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absoption de nano-objets individuels: nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00123471.
Повний текст джерелаHétérodyne (PHI). Cette nouvelle méthode optique en champ lointain permet de détecter une
grande variété de nano-objets individuels absorbants (nanoparticules métalliques jusqu'à 1.4 nm
de diamètre, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, nanotubes de carbone métalliques et semiconducteurs,.
. .), sur un fond « noir », avec un très bon rapport signal à bruit. Le signal photothermique
a été caractérisé expérimentalement sur des nanoparticules d'or individuelles. Les mesures obtenues
sont comparées à des calculs analytiques issus d'un modèle électrodynamique. Etant donné
que ce signal est directement proportionnel à la puissance absorbée, la méthode PHI ouvre la
voie à des expériences de spectroscopie d'absorption à l'échelle du nano-objet individuel. Dans
un premier temps, nous avons sondé la résonance plasmon de surface de nanoparticules d'or
individuelles de 5 à 33 nm de diamètre. Cette étude a abouti à l'observation d'effets de taille
intrinsèques, analysés dans le cadre de la théorie de Mie. Nous avons ensuite mesuré les spectres
d'absorption de nanocristaux individuels de CdSe en régime multiexcitonique. Pour un même
nanocristal, la comparaison des spectres d'absorption photothermique et d'émission permet de
discuter l'origine physique du signal photothermique. Enfin, nous avons caractérisé la structure
de nanotubes de carbone semiconducteurs et métalliques individuels en analysant leurs spectres
d'absorption autour de leurs premières résonances optiques.
Berciaud, Stéphane. "Détection photothermique et spectroscopie d'absorption de nano-objets individuels : nanoparticules métalliques, nanocristaux semiconducteurs, et nanotubes de carbone." Bordeaux 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BOR13278.
Повний текст джерелаYaya, Abu. "Interactions faibles dans les nanosystèmes carbones." Nantes, 2011. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=f1e38479-78b7-4d42-9bed-71420c161382.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis uses the ab initio density functional modeling programme AIMPRO to study several important examples of weak intermolecular interactions in carbon nanomaterials. At the quantum mechanical level, our calculations give a reliable and improved understanding of the role and feature of weak intermolecular interactions, which cannot be accurately predicted by conventional methods such as classical interatomic potentials. First, the geometry and binding of bromine physisorbed on carbon nanomaterials (graphene, graphite and single walled nanotubes) is studied. In graphene, we find a new Br2 form which is reported for the first time in this thesis, where the molecule sits perpendicular to the graphene sheet with an extremely strong molecular dipole. Bromination opens a small (86- meV) band gap and strongly dopes the graphene. In graphite Br2 is stable parallel to the carbon layers with less charge transfer and no molecular dipole. At higher Br2 concentrations polybromide chain structures are thermodynamically favoured, but will not occur spontaneously due to an appreciable formation barrier (27. 01 kJ/mol). For single walled nanotubes Br2 lies perpendicular to the tube surface similar to graphene, while in bundles Br2 intercalates similar to graphite. Experimental Raman spectra are recorded to verify this result. We next study π-π stacking interactions between benzene and PPV oligomer chains with various carbon nanomaterials. For the benzene dimer we successfully reproduce high level theory stable structures, and for benzene on graphene and SWCNTs, the stacking arrangement matches AB- stacking in graphite. The orientation of the interaction between PPV/PPV is different from PPV/nanotube or PPV/graphene. In the former the molecular planes are orthogonal, similar to the crystal packing in PPV, as well as in other polyaromatic hydrocarbons. In the others the PPV plane lies (axially) parallel to the substrates, attributed to π-π stacking effects. Wavefunction analysis suggests very little electronic coupling between the PPV and SWCNTs near to the Fermi level. Predicted differences in interaction between PPV and semi-conducting or metallic tubes suggest a new route to experimental ultraefficient composite PPV-SWCNT organic light emitting device design
Sanfins, Elodie. "Etude de la Régulation de l'activité de l'arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) par les nanoparticules de noir de carbone." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077110.
Повний текст джерелаArylamine N-acetyltranferases (NATs) are xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes that play a major role in the detoxication and/or the bioactivation of aromatic amines some of which are carcinogenic. We have studied the effects of carbon black nanoparticles (NPs) on the biotransformation of carcinogenic aromatic amines by the human NATl. These NPs are potentially toxic and they co-exist with AAs in professional environment such as the rubber industry. The results obtained in this study show that the incubation of recombinant human NATl with increasing concentrations of NPs lead to the dose dependant inhibition of the biotransformation activity of the enzyme. Kinetic analysis and ultracentrifugation assays point out that the enzyme is rapidly adsorbed on the NPs leading to its irreversible inhibition Furthermore, circular dichroïsm data highlighted that NP-NAT1 interaction induce changes in the secondary structure of the enzyme probably responsible for its irreversible inhibition. Finally, the exposition by NPs of pulmonary epithelial cells in culture leads to the inhibition of the endogenous enzyme and to the alteration of the cell dependant acetylation of aromatic amines. Overall the results suggest that the exposition by NPs may alter the metabolism of aromatic pollutants and may contribute to the increase in NP potential toxicity
Nguyen, Huu Nha. "Modélisation du transport classique et quantique dans les transistors à nanotube de carbone." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112034.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of new electronic devices from carbon-based nano materials (graphene, nanoribbons, nanotubes) opens attractive perspectives. Most of the devices, mainly field effect transistors (MOSFETs), are based on classical structures where the channel consists of a unidimensional carbon nanotube which has much higher transport properties than silicon. A common feature of many carbon nanotube MOSFETs (CNTFETs) is the existence of a Schottky barrier at the nanotube-metal interface of source and drain contacts. So, in the thesis, I have developed a model to take into account Schottky contacts in semiclassical Monte Carlo simulation of CNTFETs. The static and dynamic performances are analysed as a function of material parameters and structure geometries such as Schottky barrier height at metal-nanotube interface, gate length, gate oxide thickness, and nanotube diameter. Moreover, we compare the performances with those of ohmic contact devices. We present then a detailed analysis of transport in the channel of ohmic contact carbon nanotube transistors. Firstly, a strong ballisticity is obtained from classical simulation. It leads naturally to study the influence of quantum transport on microscopic and macroscopic transistor behaviours by the Wigner Monte Carlo formalism. Comparisons between microscopic results from Boltzmann formalism and Wigner formalism show the existence of coherent phenomena in CNTFETs. Meanwhile we notice that at macroscopic scale the difference between Wigner and Boltzmann currents is weaker when the gate length decreases. In fact, for smaller gate length, the source-drain tunnelling effect partly compensates quantum reflection at the end of the channel while the latter depends weakly on the gate length. That is the reason why the classical and quantum currents become quite similar
Sahraoui, Yosra. "Électrodes modifiées par des matériaux composites fonctionnalisés pour application capteurs et biocapteurs." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10071.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of the study consists in the development of modified electrodes, based on nanomaterials for electroanalytical applications. In this aim, different methods of modification of the electrodes have been proposed: chemical functionalization, adsorption and electropolymerization, using the electrostatic and covalent interactions between electrode surfaces and nanomaterials (magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, polyoxometallates and carbon nanotubes). The prepared modified electrodes have allowed the obtaining of detection devices (sensors and biosensors) characterized for their interesting analytical performances in terms of sensitivity and detection limit. Urea biosensors, based on semi-conducting electrodes, functionalized with magnetic nanoparticles coated with urease enzyme, have allowed the sensitive detection of urea. Chemical sensors for the sensitive detection of nitrite ion have been obtained through functionalization of glassy carbon electrodes and boron doped diamond electrodes with polyoxometallates. The combination of both types of nanomaterials (carbon nanotubes and hybrid polyoxometallates) have allowed the obtaining of an original structure that presents conductive properties of nanotubes and electrocatalytic properties of polyoxometallates. These original structures have allowed the fabrication of enzymatic biosensors with a high sensitivity for the detection of glucose and catechol
Simon-deckers, Angélique. "Effets biologiques de nanoparticules manufacturées : influence de leurs caractéristiques." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004918.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Mel Abdel-Aziz. "Etude de nanocomposites métal/carbone synthétisés par procédé plasma hybride : des couches minces aux nanofibres." Nantes, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NANT2082.
Повний текст джерелаIn this work, a hybrid plasma process has been employed for the first time to prepare metal/carbon nanocomposites thin films. This process combines magnetron sputtering of metal target and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition using methane as a precursor for carbon deposition. Two materials have been considered for this study: titanium/carbon (TiC/a-C) and nickel/carbon (Ni/a-C). The evolutions of the chemical composition and the microstructure of the films as a function of the deposition conditions have been studied. The microstructure analysis revealed that the TiC/a-C films were formed of TiC nanoparticles embedded in a hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C) matrix. By adjusting the carbon content within the films, the size of the nanoparticles can be controlled from 3 nm up to 30 nm. The hardness of these films, evaluated by nanoindentation, varies between 10 and 35 GPa. On the other hand, the Ni/a-C films have shown a different type of microstructure. At low carbon content the films consist of nickel nanowires of high aspect ratio embedded in a-C matrix. When increasing the carbon content within the films, the nickel phase takes a form of spherical nanoparticles instead of nanowires. The electrical behavior of these films as well as their use for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes have been also investigated. After optimizing the deposition of thin films, a new method devoted for the fabrication of nanofibers has been developed. This method is based on a direct deposition of the material onto a nano-grated silicon substrate which serves as a template. The obtained nanofibers (Ni, Ti, ZnO) have a diameter of about 150 nm and a length up to several millimeters
Oularbi, Larbi. "Étude de nanocomposites polypyrrole/nanoparticule de carbone par impédance électrochimique et ac-électrogravimétrie : application aux capteurs électrochimiques." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS110.
Повний текст джерелаThe advent of nanotechnology is a major scientific revolution of the 21st-century, involving the manipulation and characterization of matter at the nanoscale to design new high performance nanocomposites. The application of nanotechnologies in different fields has made it possible to develop and propose promising, effective and often unexpected solutions. Particularly, in the field of sensors, nanotechnologies have open new fields of research allowing the development of miniaturized devices, inexpensive, highly efficient sensors. The objective of this work is to study new nanocomposites based on polypyrrole and nanoparticles of carbon as well as their applications as electrochemical sensors. Simple approaches have been used to combine the unique properties of different materials to obtain new high-performance nanocomposite electrodes, by combining, in particular, the unique properties of ionic liquids or bismuth films with polymer films. The electrochemical and electrogravimetric behavior of polypyrrole films and their nanocomposites has been studied by various electrochemical techniques including electrochemical impedance, cyclic electrogravimetry and ac-electrogravimetry. Ion transfers and electrochemical mechanisms at modified electrode/electrolyte interfaces have been reported, for the first time, using ac-electrogravimetric measurements, consisting in coupling simultaneously the gravimetric measurements of the quartz microbalance with those of the electrochemical impedance. The originality of this work consists in the elaboration and the characterization of electrodes modified with new nanocomposite films as well as their applications as electrochemical sensors for detection of traces of metallic ions in environmental and food samples
Gautier, Maxime. "Etude de la formation de nanoparticules de carbone au cours de la décomposition thermique d'hydrocarbures : application à la coproduction de noir de carbone et d'hydrogène par craquage thermique du méthane par voie plasma." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM061/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis takes part of the development of a direct decarbonation process of methane by plasma to produce both carbon black and hydrogen. This process is particularly interesting in an electrical mix context with low carbon emission. It proffers a solution to reduce drastically CO2 emissions rejected by the current carbon black and hydrogen ways of production, which are ones of the most polluting industrial processes.This study aims to develop reliable and robust numerical methods for a better understanding and a greater control of the morphologic features of the carbon black generated. These features play a key role in the quality and applications of the carbon black produced. This research retraces the evolution of the carbon structure from the molecules of the fuel to the formation of nanoparticles and solid microstructures. It tackles different phenomenon such as: nucleation, chemical growth, coagulation, maturity and aggregation.Numerical tools and methods were developed thereby and enable to simulate carbon particle formation. They were successfully implemented in a commercial CFD software. Eventually numerical simulation of the plasma process were performed, integrating heat transfers and turbulence