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1
Zhang, Tiantian, Michael J. Murphy, Haiyang Yu, Hitesh G. Bagaria, Ki Youl Yoon, Bethany M. Neilson, Christopher W. Bielawski, Keith P. Johnston, Chun Huh, and Steven L. Bryant. "Investigation of Nanoparticle Adsorption During Transport in Porous Media." SPE Journal 20, no. 04 (August 20, 2015): 667–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/166346-pa.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Summary Nanoparticles (diameter of approximately 5 to 50 nm) easily pass through typical pore throats in reservoirs, but physicochemical attraction between nanoparticles and pore walls may still lead to significant retention. We conducted an extensive series of nanoparticle-transport experiments in core plugs and in columns packed with crushed sedimentary rock, systematically varying flow rate, type of nanoparticle, injection-dispersion concentration, and porous-medium properties. Effluent-nanoparticle-concentration histories were measured with fine resolution in time, enabling the evaluation of nanoparticle adsorption in the columns during slug injection and post-flushes. We also applied this analysis to nanoparticle-transport experiments reported in the literature. Our analysis suggests that nanoparticles undergo both reversible and irreversible adsorption. Effluent-nanoparticle concentration reaches the injection concentration during slug injection, indicating the existence of an adsorption capacity. Experiments with a variety of nanoparticles and porous media yield a wide range of adsorption capacities (from 10–5 to 101 mg/g for nanoparticles and rock, respectively) and also a wide range of proportions of reversible and irreversible adsorption. Reversible- and irreversible-adsorption sites are distinct and interact with nanoparticles independently. The adsorption capacities are typically much smaller than monolayer coverage. Their values depend not only on the type of nanoparticle and porous media, but also on the operating conditions, such as injection concentration and flow rate.
2
Nair,, Rajeev, Wenping Jiang, and, and Pal Molian. "Nanoparticle Additive Manufacturing of Ni-H13 Steel Injection Molds." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 126, no. 3 (August 1, 2004): 637–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1765143.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reports a novel solid freeform fabrication process, Nanoparticle Additive Manufacturing (NAM), for dispersing nanoparticles into molten matrix for improved mechanical properties. In addition, it also presents the characterization of microstructure and hardness of the fabricated Ni-nanoparticles dispersed H13 steel gear-shaped molds.
3
Mizoshiri, Mizue, and Kyohei Yoshidomi. "Cu Patterning Using Femtosecond Laser Reductive Sintering of CuO Nanoparticles under Inert Gas Injection." Materials 14, no. 12 (June 14, 2021): 3285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14123285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, we report the effect of inert gas injection on Cu patterning generated by femtosecond laser reductive sintering of CuO nanoparticles (NPs). Femtosecond laser reductive sintering for metal patterning has been restricted to metal and metal-oxide composite materials. By irradiating CuO-nanoparticle paste with femtosecond laser pulses under inert gas injection, we intended to reduce the generation of metal oxides in the formed patterns. In an experimental evaluation, the X-ray diffraction peaks corresponding to copper oxides, such as CuO and Cu2O, were much smaller under N2 and Ar gas injections than under air injection. Increasing the injection rates of both gases increased the reduction degree of the X-ray diffraction peaks of the CuO NPs, but excessively high injection rates (≥100 mL/min) significantly decreased the surface density of the patterns. These results qualitatively agreed with the ratio of sintered/melted area. The femtosecond laser reductive sintering under inert gas injection achieved a vacuum-free direct writing of metal patterns.
4
Zhang, Bao Feng, Ai Yun Jiang, De Bo Liu, Hai Hong Wu, and Jing Chao Zou. "Microstructure Effect of Injection Molded Nanoparticle/Polymer Composites on their Resistivity." Advanced Materials Research 472-475 (February 2012): 1059–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.472-475.1059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although the progress has been achieved in conductive Nanoparticle/Polymer Composites(NPC), but there are many problems to be solved before their commercial application in a large scale, especially on their processing technology. The barriers include the dispersion of nanoparticle, the effect of nanoparticle concentration and interface on the overall properties of materials. In order to improve the application of NPC, the microstructural effect of injection molded NPC on its resistivity was investigated to build the relationship between the processing conditions and the properties in this paper. Composites used in the experiment were carbon black(CB)/polypropylene(PP). The microstructures of the injection molded parts at different positions were investigated with Scanning Electrical Microscope, and corresponsive properties were tested. The results showed that the distribution of CB nanoparticles changed with the injection pressure and had significant effect on the conductivity of the part. With the increase of injection pressure CB particles strongly oriented towards the flow direction of the polymer and thickness of oriented layer increased, which improve conductivity of the composites. The results also showed that crystallization was enhanced because of existence of nanoparticles, which should have increased the mechanical properties of the composite and decreased its resistivity because of the interfacial action between CB particles and polymer matrix.
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Boateng, Francis, and Wilfred Ngwa. "Delivery of Nanoparticle-Based Radiosensitizers for Radiotherapy Applications." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21010273.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanoparticle-based radiosensitization of cancerous cells is evolving as a favorable modality for enhancing radiotherapeutic ratio, and as an effective tool for increasing the outcome of concomitant chemoradiotherapy. Nevertheless, delivery of sufficient concentrations of nanoparticles (NPs) or nanoparticle-based radiosensitizers (NBRs) to the targeted tumor without or with limited systemic side effects on healthy tissues/organs remains a challenge that many investigators continue to explore. With current systemic intravenous delivery of a drug, even targeted nanoparticles with great prospect of reaching targeted distant tumor sites, only a portion of the administered NPs/drug dosage can reach the tumor, despite the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The rest of the targeted NPs/drug remain in systemic circulation, resulting in systemic toxicity, which can decrease the general health of patients. However, the dose from ionizing radiation is generally delivered across normal tissues to the tumor cells (especially external beam radiotherapy), which limits dose escalation, making radiotherapy (RT) somewhat unsafe for some diseased sites despite the emerging development in RT equipment and technologies. Since radiation cannot discriminate healthy tissue from diseased tissue, the radiation doses delivered across healthy tissues (even with nanoparticles delivered via systemic administration) are likely to increase injury to normal tissues by accelerating DNA damage, thereby creating free radicals that can result in secondary tumors. As a result, other delivery routes, such as inhalation of nanoparticles (for lung cancers), localized delivery via intratumoral injection, and implants loaded with nanoparticles for local radiosensitization, have been studied. Herein, we review the current NP delivery techniques; precise systemic delivery (injection/infusion and inhalation), and localized delivery (intratumoral injection and local implants) of NBRs/NPs. The current challenges, opportunities, and future prospects for delivery of nanoparticle-based radiosensitizers are also discussed.
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Burkitt, Sean, Mana Mehraein, Ramunas K. Stanciauskas, Jos Campbell, Scott Fraser, and Cristina Zavaleta. "Label-Free Visualization and Tracking of Gold Nanoparticles in Vasculature Using Multiphoton Luminescence." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 2239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112239.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gold nanoparticles continue to generate interest for use in several biomedical applications. Recently, researchers have been focusing on exploiting their dual diagnostic/therapeutic theranostic capabilities. Before clinical translation can occur, regulatory agencies will require a greater understanding of their biodistribution and safety profiles post administration. Previously, the real-time identification and tracking of gold nanoparticles in free-flowing vasculature had not been possible without extrinsic labels such as fluorophores. Here, we present a label-free imaging approach to examine gold nanoparticle (AuNP) activity within the vasculature by utilizing multiphoton intravital microscopy. This method employs a commercially available multiphoton microscopy system to visualize the intrinsic luminescent signal produced by a multiphoton absorption-induced luminescence effect observed in single gold nanoparticles at frame rates necessary for capturing real-time blood flow. This is the first demonstration of visualizing unlabeled gold nanoparticles in an unperturbed vascular environment with frame rates fast enough to achieve particle tracking. Nanoparticle blood concentration curves were also evaluated by the tracking of gold nanoparticle flow in vasculature and verified against known pre-injection concentrations. Half-lives of these gold nanoparticle injections ranged between 67 and 140 s. This label-free imaging approach could provide important structural and functional information in real time to aid in the development and effective analysis of new metallic nanoparticles for various clinical applications in an unperturbed environment, while providing further insight into their complex uptake and clearance pathways.
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Hassinger, Irene, Thorsten Becker, Rolf Walter, Thomas Burkhart, Michael Kopnarski, and Alexander Brodyanski. "Innovative direct nanoparticle dispersion injection into injection molding processing." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 131, no. 16 (March 25, 2014): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.40641.
Повний текст джерела
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Fischer, Máté, Amber Zimmerman, Eric Zhang, Joseph Kolis, Ashley Dickey, Mary K. Burdette, Praveen Chander, Stephen H. Foulger, Jonathan L. Brigman, and Jason P. Weick. "Distribution and inflammatory cell response to intracranial delivery of radioluminescent Y2(SiO4)O:Ce particles." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): e0276819. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276819.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to increasing advances in their manufacture and functionalization, nanoparticle-based systems have become a popular tool for in vivo drug delivery and biodetection. Recently, scintillating nanoparticles such as yttrium orthosilicate doped with cerium (Y2(SiO4)O:Ce) have come under study for their potential utility in optogenetic applications, as they emit photons upon low levels of stimulation from remote x-ray sources. The utility of such nanoparticles in vivo is hampered by rapid clearance from circulation by the mononuclear phagocytic system, which heavily restricts nanoparticle accumulation at target tissues. Local transcranial injection of nanoparticles may deliver scintillating nanoparticles to highly specific brain regions by circumventing the blood-brain barrier and avoiding phagocytic clearance. Few studies to date have examined the distribution and response to nanoparticles following localized delivery to cerebral cortex, a crucial step in understanding the therapeutic potential of nanoparticle-based biodetection in the brain. Following the synthesis and surface modification of these nanoparticles, two doses (1 and 3 mg/ml) were introduced into mouse secondary motor cortex (M2). This region was chosen as the site for RLP delivery, as it represents a common target for optogenetic manipulations of mouse behavior, and RLPs could eventually serve as an injectable x-ray inducible light delivery system. The spread of particles through the target tissue was assessed 24 hours, 72 hours, and 9 days post-injection. Y2(SiO4)O:Ce nanoparticles were found to be detectable in the brain for up to 9 days, initially diffusing through the tissue until 72 hours before achieving partial clearance by the final endpoint. Small transient increases in the presence of IBA-1+ microglia and GFAP+ astrocytic cell populations were detected near nanoparticle injection sites of both doses tested 24 hours after surgery. Taken together, these data provide evidence that Y2(SiO4)O:Ce nanoparticles coated with BSA can be injected directly into mouse cortex in vivo, where they persist for days and are broadly tolerated, such that they may be potentially utilized for remote x-ray activated stimulation and photon emission for optogenetic experiments in the near future.
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Mahyuddin, Anis Anisah, Yian Yian Lok, and Syakila Ahmad. "Bödewadt Flow and Heat Transfer in Nanofluid over a Permeable and Radially Stretching Disk." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 619–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5102-25.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Bödewadt boundary layer flow and heat transfer problem in nanofluid was investigated in this study for suction/injection as well as combined effects of suction/injection and radial stretching disk. Similarity variables were introduced to transform the three-dimensional flow into a system of ordinary differential equations. Moreover, similar to the Bödewadt heat transfer problem in a viscous fluid, adequate suction is also required so that similarity solutions exist for nanofluid problems with no other boundary effects such as a partial slip or stretching disk. Both the suction and stretching disk effects can suppress the natural oscillatory behavior of flow apart from reducing the momentum and thermal boundary layer thicknesses. As expected, injection acts oppositely. However, the skin friction coefficient and heat transfer rate for Bödewadt flow increase with the increasing suction and stretching parameters. As for stagnant disk, increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction can enhance the wall shear stress, whereas nanofluid can only enhance the heat transfer when both the suction and nanoparticle volume fraction are sufficiently small. For radially stretching disk, both the local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number increase as the nanoparticle volume fraction increases. However, for larger suction, a smaller volume fraction of nanoparticles yielded enhanced heat transfer than the larger volume fraction of nanoparticles.
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Divya, S., S. Eswaramoorthi, and Karuppusamy Loganathan. "Numerical Computation of Ag/Al2O3 Nanofluid over a Riga Plate with Heat Sink/Source and Non-Fourier Heat Flux Model." Mathematical and Computational Applications 28, no. 1 (February 3, 2023): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca28010020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main goal of the current research is to investigate the numerical computation of Ag/Al2O3 nanofluid over a Riga plate with injection/suction. The energy equation is formulated using the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux, non-linear thermal radiation, and heat sink/source. The leading equations are non-dimensionalized by employing the suitable transformations, and the numerical results are achieved by using the MATLAB bvp4c technique. The fluctuations of fluid flow and heat transfer on porosity, Forchheimer number, radiation, suction/injection, velocity slip, and nanoparticle volume fraction are investigated. Furthermore, the local skin friction coefficient (SFC), and local Nusselt number (LNN) are also addressed. Compared to previously reported studies, our computational results exactly coincided with the outcomes of the previous reports. We noticed that the Forchheimer number, suction/injection, slip, and nanoparticle volume fraction factors slow the velocity profile. We also noted that with improving rates of thermal radiation and convective heating, the heat transfer gradient decreases. The 40% presence of the Hartmann number leads to improved drag force by 14% and heat transfer gradient by 0.5%. The 20% presence of nanoparticle volume fraction leads to a decrement in heat transfer gradient for 21% of Ag nanoparticles and 18% of Al2O3 nanoparticles.
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Huynh, Myxuan, Ivan Kempson, Eva Bezak, and Wendy Phillips. "In silico modeling of cellular probabilistic nanoparticle radiosensitization in head and neck cancers." Nanomedicine 15, no. 29 (December 2020): 2837–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/nnm-2020-0301.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as radiosensitizers may offer a new approach in the treatment of head and neck cancers; minimizing treatment-associated toxicities and improving patient outcomes. AuNPs promote localized dose deposition; permitting improved local control and/or dose reduction. Aim: This work aimed to address the theoretical optimization of radiation doses, fractionation and nanoparticle injection schedules to maximize therapeutic benefits. Materials & methods: Probabilistic nanoparticle sensitization factors were incorporated into the individual cell-based HYP-RT computer model of tumor growth and radiotherapy. Results: Total dose outcomes across all radiation therapy treatment regimens were found to be significantly reduced with the presence of AuNPs, with bi-weekly injections showing the most decrease. Conclusion: Outcomes suggest the need for regular AuNP administration to permit effective radiosensitization.
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Zou, Jing Chao, Ai Yun Jiang, Bao Feng Zhang, Hai Hong Wu, and Ya Jun Zhou. "Effect of Injection Molding Process on Electrical Conductivity and Mechanical Property of Nanoparticle Filled Polymer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 486 (March 2012): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.486.34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Authors investigated the relationship among processing parameters, microstructures, electrical conductivity and mechanical property of injection molded nanoparticle filled polymer composites at present study. Standard tensile specimens were injected under different injecting pressures and packing pressures. The molded specimens were removing five layers from the surface to observe the microstructures at different positions of the moldings. The electrical properties were measured with a two-terminal standard resistor under DC condition at room temperature, and the mechanical properties of the moldings were measured by INSTRON 5580 Universal testing machine. The results showed that filled nanoparticles may form the best conductive path under the higher packing pressure matched with higher injection pressure. The mechanical properties of the molding depend on not only the concentration of the nanofiller, but processing conditions as well.
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Stack, Trevor, Yugang Liu, Molly Frey, Sharan Bobbala, Michael Vincent, and Evan Scott. "Enhancing subcutaneous injection and target tissue accumulation of nanoparticles via co-administration with macropinocytosis inhibitory nanoparticles (MiNP)." Nanoscale Horizons 6, no. 5 (2021): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nh00679c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Macropinocytosis inhibitory nanoparticles reduce non-specific uptake of an “effector” nanoparticle by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system thereby, allowing for greater accumulation and uptake of targeted nanoparticles in tissues of interest.
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Němeček, Jiří, and Yun Ping Xi. "Nanoparticle Injection into Concrete Using Electromigration." Advanced Materials Research 1054 (October 2014): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1054.6.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims at investigation of possibilities and effectiveness of chloride extraction from concrete and nanoparticle injection into existing reinforced concrete structures by means of electromigration technique. Concrete specimens are exposed to accelerated chloride penetration tests in order to simulate a natural chloride exposure. The developed chloride profile is removed by electroextraction by reversing the polarity in the testing chamber. In a similar manner, concrete specimens are injected with different concentrations of colloidal nanosilica particles. It was shown in the paper that chlorides can be effectively extracted from the concrete using small voltage lasting for several days. Higher concentration solutions of nanosilica can also be effectively transported into concrete via the electric field. Once injected nanosilica can act as microstructure densifier and further reduce chloride penetration as demonstrated by decreased diffusivity of the treated concrete.
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Nakamura, Eiji, Toyohiro Aoki, Ryota Yamaguchi, Nobuhiro Sekine, Kuniaki Sueoka, Chinami Marushima, Kenichi Yatsugi, Makoto Yada, and Takashi Hisada. "Characterization of sintered Cu nanopaste for micro-bumping with Injection Molded Solder technology." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2020, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 000113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/2380-4505-2020.1.000113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract We have previously developed a novel plating-free bumping process using Cu nanopaste and Injection Molded Solder (IMS) technology. In the present study, we investigated the further detail about the microstructural and mechanical properties of sintered Cu nanoparticles formed into a pillar shape. By analyzing cross-sections of Cu nanoparticle pillars sintered in various conditions, we clarified how the sintering conditions affect the microstructural features, including the size and numbers of Cu grains and voids inside sintered Cu nanoparticles. In addition, we conducted the shear testing for the obtained Cu pillars to evaluate relationships between the mechanical strength and the microstructural features. We found that the results of the shear testing were consistent with the microstructural features of the sintered Cu nanoparticles. Finally, we injected molten solder onto the Cu nanoparticle pillars to evaluate the overall feasibility of the developed process. It was confirmed that the molten solder injected by IMS process has good wettability against the sintered Cu nanoparticles, which resulted in the successful bump formation without solder missing. In addition, The IMC layer between the sintered Cu nanoparticles and injected solder was formed well. These results proved the quality of microbumps fabricated by the novel bumping process using Cu nanopaste and IMS.
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Jalali, Esmaeil, Omid Ali Akbari, M. M. Sarafraz, Tehseen Abbas, and Mohammad Reza Safaei. "Heat Transfer of Oil/MWCNT Nanofluid Jet Injection Inside a Rectangular Microchannel." Symmetry 11, no. 6 (June 4, 2019): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11060757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the current study, laminar heat transfer and direct fluid jet injection of oil/MWCNT nanofluid were numerically investigated with a finite volume method. Both slip and no-slip boundary conditions on solid walls were used. The objective of this study was to increase the cooling performance of heated walls inside a rectangular microchannel. Reynolds numbers ranged from 10 to 50; slip coefficients were 0.0, 0.04, and 0.08; and nanoparticle volume fractions were 0–4%. The results showed that using techniques for improving heat transfer, such as fluid jet injection with low temperature and adding nanoparticles to the base fluid, allowed for good results to be obtained. By increasing jet injection, areas with eliminated boundary layers along the fluid direction spread in the domain. Dispersing solid nanoparticles in the base fluid with higher volume fractions resulted in better temperature distribution and Nusselt number. By increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction, the temperature of the heated surface penetrated to the flow centerline and the fluid temperature increased. Jet injection with higher velocity, due to its higher fluid momentum, resulted in higher Nusselt number and affected lateral areas. Fluid velocity was higher in jet areas, which diminished the effect of the boundary layer.
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El-Bashbeshy, El-Sayed, Tarek Emam, and Mohamed Abdel-Wahed. "The effect of thermal radiation, heat generation and suction/injection on the mechanical properties of unsteady continuous moving cylinder in a nanofluid." Thermal Science 19, no. 5 (2015): 1591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci121007111e.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effect of thermal radiation, heat generation, suction/injection, nanoparticles type, and nanoparticle volume fraction on heat transfer characteristics and the mechanical properties of unsteady moving cylinder embedded into cooling medium consist of water with Cu; Ag or Al2O3 particles are studied. The governing time dependent boundary layer equations are transformed to ordinary differential equations containing unsteadiness parameter, thermal radiation parameter, heat source parameter, suction/injection parameter, curvature parameter, nanoparticle volume fraction and Prandlt number. These equations are solved numerically. The velocity and Temperature profiles within the boundary layer are plotted and discussed in details for various values of the different parameters. Also the effects of the cooling medium and the external thermal forces on the mechanical properties of the cylinder are investigated.
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Wang, Tao, Caie Wu, Tingting Li, Gongjian Fan, Hao Gong, Peng Liu, Yunxiao Yang, and Lingling Sun. "Comparison of two nanocarriers for quercetin in morphology, loading behavior, release kinetics and cell inhibitory activity." Materials Express 10, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 1589–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2020.1796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, nanocarrier loading drugs have caused widespread concern. However, there are few reports about comparison of drug loading behavior of different nanoparticles. In this study, we prepared two nanocarriers (starch nanoparticles and F127 nanoparticles) for oral and intravenous injections, respectively. We used dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy to study the morphology of the nanocarriers. Moreover, the loading behavior of nanoparticles on quercetin (QC) and the release behavior of nanoparticles at different pH levels were studied. In artificial gastric (pH 2.0) and intestinal (pH 6.8) juices, QC showed a sustained release in two nanoparticles. Meanwhile starch nanoparticle-QC and F127-QC nanosystems both showed relatively higher inhibitory activities than free QC on five kinds of cells, especially for cell A549, the cell inhibition ratio achieved to 55.16% and 64.06%, respectively. This study provided a reference for oral and injection of drug-loaded nanoparticles.
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Chen, Chao-Cheng, Jia-Je Li, Nai-Hua Guo, Deng-Yuan Chang, Chung-Yih Wang, Jenn-Tzong Chen, Wuu-Jyh Lin, et al. "Evaluation of the Biological Behavior of a Gold Nanocore-Encapsulated Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticle (Au@HSANP) in a CT-26 Tumor/Ascites Mouse Model after Intravenous/Intraperitoneal Administration." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20010217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Colorectal cancer is one of the major causes of cancer-related death in Taiwan and worldwide. Patients with peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer have reduced overall survival and poor prognosis. Hybrid protein-inorganic nanoparticle systems have displayed multifunctional applications in solid cancer theranostics. In this study, a gold nanocore-encapsulated human serum albumin nanoparticle (Au@HSANP), which is a hybrid protein-inorganic nanoparticle, and its radioactive surrogate 111In-labeled Au@HSANP (111In-Au@HSANP), were developed and their biological behaviors were investigated in a tumor/ascites mouse model. 111In-Au@HSANP was injected either intravenously (iv) or intraperitoneally (ip) in CT-26 tumor/ascites-bearing mice. After ip injection, a remarkable and sustained radioactivity retention in the abdomen was noticed, based on microSPECT images. After iv injection, however, most of the radioactivity was accumulated in the mononuclear phagocyte system. The results of biodistribution indicated that ip administration was significantly more effective in increasing intraperitoneal concentration and tumor accumulation than iv administration. The ratios of area under the curve (AUC) of the ascites and tumors in the ip-injected group to those in the iv-injected group was 93 and 20, respectively. This study demonstrated that the ip injection route would be a better approach than iv injections for applying gold-albumin nanoparticle in peritoneal metastasis treatment.
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Caddy, George, Justin Stebbing, Gareth Wakefield, and Xiao Yun Xu. "Modelling of Nanoparticle Distribution in a Spherical Tumour during and Following Local Injection." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 8 (August 2, 2022): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14081615.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Radio-sensitizing nanoparticles are a potential method to increase the damage caused to cancerous cells during the course of radiotherapy. The distribution of these particles in a given targeted tumour is a relevant factor in determining the efficacy of nanoparticle-enhanced treatment. In this study, a three-part mathematical model is shown to predict the distribution of nanoparticles after direct injection into a tumour. In contrast with previous studies, here, a higher value of diffusivity for charged particles was used and the concentration profile of deposited particles was studied. Simulation results for particle concentrations both in the interstitial fluid and deposited onto cells are compared for different values of particle surface charges during and after injection. Our results show that particles with a negative surface charge can spread farther from the injection location as compared to uncharged particles with charged particles occupying 100% of the tumour volume compared to 8.8% for uncharged particles. This has implications for the future development of radiosensitizers and any associated trials.
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Tsirikis, Peter, Kirsty Wilson, Sue Xiang, Wei Wei, Guanghui Ma, Cordelia Selomulya, and Magdalena Plebanski. "Immunogenicity and biodistribution of nanoparticles in vivo." Journal of Immunology 196, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2016): 75.28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.75.28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Nanoparticles have been widely used in vaccine design as both adjuvants and antigen delivery vehicles. In a seminal study, 40–50 nm nanoparticles with conjugated antigen were shown to induce high antibody titers and IFN-γ production in mice but with no added inflammatory stimuli. Subsequent research has shown that similar levels of immunogenicity can be achieved via the co-injection of naked 40–50 nm nanoparticles adjuvants and larger 500 nm nanoparticles with conjugated antigen. Furthermore, recent works indicate that particle shape can also influence the immune response. As such, we investigate the influence of surface morphology using 40–50 nm smooth and rough surfaced nanoparticle adjuvants and report their differential immunogenicity via ELISA, ELISpot and flow cytometry. Further, we determine the biodistribution of fluorescent 40–50 nm nanoparticle adjuvants with smooth and rough surfaces and larger 500 nm nanoparticles. Nanoparticle size is shown to be a discriminating factor in lymph node drainage, using a Carestream FX PRO in vivo imaging system and fluorescence microscopy of lymph nodes sectioned ex vivo. To elucidate the safety profile of this vaccine construct, we also investigate the biodistribution of nanoparticles within the major organs. The outcomes from this study provide key design criteria in the development of novel nanoparticle immunotherapeutics for the treatment of disease.
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Fal, Jacek, Katarzyna Bulanda, Julian Traciak, Jolanta Sobczak, Rafał Kuzioła, Katarzyna Maria Grąz, Grzegorz Budzik, Mariusz Oleksy, and Gaweł Żyła. "Electrical and Optical Properties of Silicon Oxide Lignin Polylactide (SiO2-L-PLA)." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a study on the electrical properties of new polylactide-based nanocomposites with the addition of silicon-dioxide–lignin nanoparticles and glycerine as a plasticizer. Four samples were prepared with nanoparticle mass fractions ranging between 0.01 to 0.15 (0.01, 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15), and three samples were prepared without nanoparticle filler—unfilled and unprocessed polylactide, unfilled and processed polylactide, and polylactide with Fusabond and glycerine. All samples were manufactured using the melt mixing extrusion technique and injection molding. Only the unfilled and unprocessed PLA sample was directly prepared by injection molding. Dielectric properties were studied with broadband spectroscopy in a frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz in 55 steps designed on a logarithmic scale and a temperature range from 293.15 to 333.15 K with a 5 K step. Optical properties of nanocomposites were measured with UV-VIS spectroscopy at wavelengths from 190 to 1100 nm. The experimental data show that the addition of silicon-dioxide–lignin and glycerine significantly affected the electrical properties of the studied nanocomposites based on polylactide. Permittivity and electrical conductivity show a significant increase with an increasing concentration of nanoparticle filler. The optical properties are also affected by nanofiller and cause an increase in absorbance as the number of silicon-dioxide–lignin nanoparticles increase.
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Mohamed, Iqbal Shajahan, Elumalai Perumal Venkatesan, Murugesan Parthasarathy, Sreenivasa Reddy Medapati, Mohamed Abbas, Erdem Cuce, and Saboor Shaik. "Optimization of Performance and Emission Characteristics of the CI Engine Fueled with Preheated Palm Oil in Blends with Diesel Fuel." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315487.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this analytical investigation, preheated palm oil was used in the direct injection diesel engine with various optimization methods. The main purpose of the optimization was to get better results than the conventional engine. Raw palm oil was heated using the heat exchange process to reduce the density and viscosity. The relationship between the output process and factors response was evaluated in the design of experiment methods. The Taguchi method is an important method for optimization of the output response performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine. Two important factors—output and input—were calculated. The input factors considered were preheated palm biodiesel blend, torque, injection pressure, compression ratio, and injection timing. The output factors calculated were smoke opacity, carbon monoxide emission, and brake-specific fuel consumption by using the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and analysis of variance. Carbon monoxide was most impacted by torque conditions through injection timing and injecting pressure, and opacity of smoke emission. Among them, injection timing had a higher impact. Different biodiesel blends were prepared: B10 (90% diesel + 10% oil), B20 (80% diesel + 20% oil), B30 (70% diesel + 30% oil) and B40 (60% diesel + 40% oil). Silver nanoparticles (50 ppm) were constantly mixed with the various biodiesel blends. The smoke opacity emission for the biodiesel blend B30 + 50 ppm silver nanoparticle showed the lowest S/N ratio and achieved better optimum results compared with the other blends. The blend B30 + 50 ppm silver nanoparticle showed the lowest S/N ratio value of 9.7 compared with the other blends. The smoke opacity, carbon monoxide emission, and brake-specific fuel consumption of all the response optimal factors were found to be 46.77 ppm, 0.32%, and 0.288 kg/kW·h, respectively.
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Faingold, A., M. Narkis, and A. Siegmann. "Hybrid Nanoparticle/Microfiber‐Filled Injection‐Molded Composites." Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B 47, no. 3 (April 2008): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222340801955073.
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Michael, Praveesuda L., Yuen Ting Lam, Juichien Hung, Richard P. Tan, Miguel Santos, and Steven G. Wise. "Comprehensive Evaluation of the Toxicity and Biosafety of Plasma Polymerized Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 11, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 1176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11051176.
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The rapid growth of nanoparticle-based therapeutics has underpinned significant developments in nanomedicine, which aim to overcome the limitations imposed by conventional therapies. Establishing the safety of new nanoparticle formulations is the first important step on the pathway to clinical translation. We have recently shown that plasma-polymerized nanoparticles (PPNs) are highly efficient nanocarriers and a viable, cost-effective alternative to conventional chemically synthesized nanoparticles. Here, we present the first comprehensive toxicity and biosafety study of PPNs using both established in vitro cell models and in vivo models. Overall, we show that PPNs were extremely well tolerated by all the cell types tested, significantly outperforming commercially available lipid-based nanoparticles (lipofectamine) used at the manufacturer’s recommended dosage. Supporting the in vitro data, the systemic toxicity of PPNs was negligible in BALB/c mice following acute and repeated tail-vein intravenous injections. PPNs were remarkably well tolerated in mice without any evidence of behavioral changes, weight loss, significant changes to the hematological profile, or signs of histological damage in tissues. PPNs were tolerated at extremely high doses without animal mortality observed at 6000 mg/kg and 48,000 mg/kg for acute and repeated-injection regimens, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the safety of PPNs in biological systems, adding to their future potential in biomedical applications.
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Wicaksono, Wicaksono, Pudji Permadi, Utjok W. R. Siagian, and Tjokorde Walmiki Samadhi. "Very High Temperature Laboratory CO2 Injection." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 12 (November 20, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n12p58.
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Carbon dioxide (CO2) injection is the most promising technique to enhance the recovery of high gravity oil with the existing oil price situation. Even though, challenges still exist for thick and heterogeneous reservoirs at very high temperature. The problems faced in such reservoirs are low displacement efficiency and very high injection pressure requirement for a miscible displacement. The effort being done by researchers to overcome the situations is the use of silica nanoparticle as an agent to form CO2-silica nanoparticle foam. Currently, the related literature shows that CO2 miscible displacement is rarely performed at very high temperature and consequently no relevant effort has been made to investigate the stability of CO2-silica nanoparticle foam, while there are many oil reservoirs with temperature of higher than 250 oF. Therefore, related studies on such situations are needed. The present work consists of two stages. First, slimtube and coreflood experiments of CO2 injection are conducted at about 270 oF, respectively, to both determine the Minimum Miscibility Pressure (MMP) of the selected live oil system and the oil recovery. Secondly, CO2-silica nanoparticle foam stability in various brine salinity at such high temperature will be investigated and effectiveness of the selected stable foam will be tested through an oil displacement using native cores.In this paper, the results of both slimtube and coreflood experiments are first presented. A live paraffinic oil with 34 oAPI is used. The standard slimtube apparatus is employed. Stacked core composing of three native core plugs of different permeability ranging from 75 to 503 milidarcies are used to represent rock heterogeneity. At a temperature of 270 oF, MMP of the oil obtained from the slimtube experiment is 2960 psi, about 100 psi higher than that obtained from the coreflood experiment. The slimtube test gives oil recovery 94.2% and the coreflood as expected yields lower recovery, 84% of the initial oil in place. The importance of the tests is two folds that the MMP of the oil system is firmly known while the existing empirical correlations estimate the values ranging from 2718 to 5578 psi and a relatively low coreflood oil recovery suggests further investigation of stability of CO2-silica nanoparticle foam at that temperature in an attempt for enhancing the oil recovery.
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Franzelli, Benedetta, Philippe Scouflaire, and Nasser Darabiha. "Using In Situ Measurements to Experimentally Characterize TiO2 Nanoparticle Synthesis in a Turbulent Isopropyl Alcohol Flame." Materials 14, no. 22 (November 22, 2021): 7083. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14227083.
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The objective of the present work is to show the potential of in situ measurements for the investigation of nanoparticles production in turbulent spray flames. This is achieved by considering multiple diagnostics to characterize the liquid break-up, the reactive flow and the particles production in a spray burner for TiO2 nanoparticle synthesis. The considered liquid fuel is a solution of isopropyl alcohol and titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) precursor. Measurements show that shadowgraphy can be used to simultaneously localize spray and nanoparticles, light scattering allows to characterize the TiO2 nanoparticles distribution in the flame central plane, and spontaneous CH* and OH* chemiluminescences, as well as global light emission results, can be used to visualize the reactive flow patterns that may differ with and without injection of TTIP. Concerning the liquid, it is observed that it is localized in a small region close to the injector nozzle where it is dispersed by the oxygen flow resulting in droplets. The liquid droplets rapidly evaporate and TTIP is quasi-immediately converted to TiO2 nanoparticles. Finally, results show high interactions between nanoparticles and the turbulent eddies.
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You, Guangning, Shuping Xu, Xingfei Yao, Huanhuan Wu, and Yingying Shi. "Preparation of AuNPs/SF Nanofibers and Its Ability to Inhibit Tumor Growth in Breast Cancer-Bearing Animal Models." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 921–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2021.18640.
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Silk fibroin was used as a stabilizer for gold nanoparticles, and a direct silk fibroin-gold nanoparticle composite system was prepared by a direct compounding method in this paper. The stability of Au NPs/SF in phosphate buffer solution with different pH and KCl concentration was studied. The Au NPs/SF system was characterized by UV-visible light spectrum, transmission electron microscope and infrared spectrum. The silk fibroin-gold nanoparticle composite system was prepared by in situ reduction of chloroauric acid with silk fibroin, according to the change of solution color and the change of ultraviolet absorption peak. The effects of exogenous factors on the stability of the silk fibroin-gold nanoparticle in situ composite system were initially discussed, and its inhibition in breast cancer-bearing animal models was studied. In vivo experiments show that in situ injection of Au NPs/SF nanofibers and treatment with light can effectively control tumor growth. Compared with monodisperse gold nanoparticles, silk fibroin-gold nanoparticles can kill tumor cells and inhibit tumor tissue growth more effectively.
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Mohd Ariff, Nurul Asyikin, Shaziera Omar, and Nurul Aida Adam Lim. "THE SYNERGIZATION OF SILICA NANOPARTICLE AND SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE FOR CHEMICAL FLOODING APPLICATION." ASEAN Engineering Journal 12, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/aej.v12.17719.
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Nowadays, enhanced oil recovery is vital in improving the oil recovery. However, the oil productions keep depleting due to production problem such as high surface tension and interfacial tension reservoirs. Therefore, chemical flooding is one of the methods used in enhanced oil recovery. The synergy between Silica nanoparticle and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate has been proposed as a compound for chemical flooding in enhanced oil recovery in this project. The major aim of this study was to measure the effectiveness of synergization between Silica (SiO₂) nanoparticles SDS with different injection ratio by measuring the oil recovery using chemical flooding. After the synergization of surfactant with nanosilica solution take place, the surface tension and interfacial tension test have been conducted to identify the optimum concentration. The results showed that the optimum concentration for SDS is 2000 ppm with surface tension (ST) and interfacial tension (IFT) are 33.5 and 36.0 mN/m respectively. When the SiO₂ nanoparticles were added, it showed that 6000 ppm was the optimum concentration with reduction in surface tension and IFT to 31.0 and 34.5 mN/m respectively. The 20,000 ppm brine and paraffin oil have been injected into the sandpack followed by waterflooding and chemical flooding. The results from the experiment presented that the oil recovery for waterflooding were in between 23% to 28% therefore, more oil left in the sandpack. Then, surfactant with nanosilica solution was injected with 20,000 ppm of brine as a slug with injection ratio in between 0.1 to 0.5 as tertiary recovery. It showed that the oil recovery increases up to 48% for 0.1 of injection ratio and 64% for 0.5 injection ratio. As a conclusion, it is proved that the synergization of SiO₂ nanoparticle and SDS is applicable for chemical flooding as tertiary recovery because in can recover up to 64% of oil production.
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Song, Xiaozong, and Gui Gao. "Removal Mechanism Investigation of Ultraviolet Induced Nanoparticle Colloid Jet Machining." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 25, 2020): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010068.
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Ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining is a new ultra-precision machining technology utilizing the reaction between nanoparticles and the surface of the workpiece to achieve sub-nanometer ultra-smooth surface manufacturing without damage. First-principles calculations based on the density functional theory (DFT) were carried out to study the atomic material removal mechanism of nanoparticle colloid jet machining and a series of impacting and polishing experiments were conducted to verify the mechanism. New chemical bonds of Ti-O-Si were generated through the chemical adsorption between the surface adsorbed hydroxyl groups of the TiO2 cluster and the Si surface with the adsorption energy of at least −4.360 eV. The two Si-Si back bonds were broken preferentially and the Si atom was removed in the separation process of TiO2 cluster from the Si surface realizing the atomic material removal. A layer of adsorbed TiO2 nanoparticles was detected on the Si surface after 3 min of fixed-point injection of an ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that Ti-O-Si bonds were formed between TiO2 nanoparticles and Si surface corresponding to the calculation result. An ultra-smooth Si workpiece with a roughness of Rq 0.791 nm was obtained by ultraviolet induced nanoparticle colloid jet machining.
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Castillo-Ruiz, Eder A., Diana F. Garcia-Gutierrez, and Domingo I. Garcia-Gutierrez. "High-yield synthesis of CsPbBr3 nanoparticles: diphenylphosphine as a reducing agent and its effect in Pb-seeding nucleation and growth." Nanotechnology 33, no. 15 (January 19, 2022): 155604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac46d8.
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Abstract Based on the reported nucleation mechanisms for CsPbX3 and II–VI/IV–VI quantum dots, CsPbBr3 nanoparticles with a higher reaction-yield (up to 393% mass-increment) were synthetized by the hot-injection method. The introduction of diphenylphosphine (DPP) as a reducing agent improved nanoparticle nucleation and growth, giving out evidence for Pb-seeding in CsPbBr3 nanoparticles formation. Additionally, a clear influence of the DPP in a CsPbBr3-Cs4PbBr6 incomplete phase transformation was observed, marked by the appearance of several PbBr2 nanoparticles. This indicated the need for an improved ratio between the stabilizing agents and the precursors, due to the increased number of nucleation sites produced by DPP. The resulting CsPbBr3 nanoparticles showed high quality, as they displayed 70%–90% photoluminescence quantum yield; narrow size distribution with an average nanoparticle size of ∼10 nm; and the characteristic cubic morphology reported in previous works. This increment in CsPbBr3 nanoparticles’ reaction yield will contribute to making them a more attractive option for different optoelectronic applications.
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Uemura, Laercio, Rossana Baggio Simeoni, Paulo André Bispo Machado Júnior, Gustavo Gavazzoni Blume, Luize Kremer Gamba, Murilo Sgarbossa Tonial, Paulo Ricardo Baggio Simeoni, et al. "Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells (BMMC)-Associated Anti-Inflammatory Nanoparticles for Cardiac Repair after Myocardial Infarction." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 13, no. 2 (May 13, 2022): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jfb13020059.
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To investigate the effect of transplantation of stem cells from the bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) associated with 15d-PGJ2-loaded nanoparticles in a rat model of chronic MI. Chronic myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by the ligation of the left anterior descending artery in 40 male Wistar rats. After surgery, we transplanted bone marrow associated with 15d-PGJ2-loaded nanoparticle by intramyocardial injection (106 cells/per injection) seven days post-MI. Myocardial infarction was confirmed by echocardiography, and histological analyses of infarct morphology, gap junctions, and angiogenesis were obtained. Our results from immunohistochemical analyses demonstrated the presence of angiogenesis identified in the transplanted region and that there was significant expression of connexin-43 gap junctions, showing a more effective electrical and mechanical integration of the host myocardium. This study suggests that the application of nanoparticle technology in the prevention and treatment of MI is an emerging field and can be a strategy for cardiac repair.
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Javaheri Houshi, Forogh, Asieh Abbassi-Daloii, Ahmad Abdi, and Seyed Javad Ziaolhagh. "Toxicity Effects of Intraperitoneal Injection of Biochemical Nanosilver on Cardiac Tissue Structure Following Aerobic Training in Male Wistar Rats." Quarterly of the Horizon of Medical Sciences 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 172–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/hms.25.3.172.
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Aims Silver nanoparticles are among the most valuable products of nanoscale technology, widely used in various sciences. The present study investigated the effects of biochemical silver nanoparticles on the structure of the heart tissue of non-observatory rats in the course of aerobic training. Methods & Materials In this experimental study, 30 male Wistar rats aged 8 to 12 weeks and weighing 34.9±202 g were studied. The rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of control, aerobic training, aerobic training, and nanobiological injection, aerobic and-nanochemical injection, nanobiological injection, and nanochemical injection. Chemical and biological silver was injected intraperitoneally after a period of aerobic training. The specimens were discarded after 48 hours, and the heart tissue was removed. Findings The obtained results revealed the tissue changes, including irregularities and the convergence of chemical nanosilver group significantly increased, compared to the controls. Additionally, in the biological group, there was a slight dispersion of blood in some areas. Following the aerobic training and injection of toxic nanosilver, there was no irregularities, detachment, and hypertension. Only in some areas, sporadically, the accumulation of blood cells was observed in the aerobic training and nanochemical groups. Conclusion More tissue damage occurred in chemical silver nanoparticles, than the biological nanoparticle. Possibly, aerobic training can be highly predictive of these effects.
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Yuan, Bin, Rouzbeh Ghanbarnezhad Moghanloo, and Da Zheng. "Analytical Evaluation of Nanoparticle Application To Mitigate Fines Migration in Porous Media." SPE Journal 21, no. 06 (June 23, 2016): 2317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174192-pa.
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Summary This paper examines an application of the method of characteristics (MOC) to evaluate the effectiveness of nanoparticles to mitigate fines migration in porous media. The positive contribution of nanoparticles to mitigate fines migration was characterized by the increase of maximum retention concentration of fines particles on rock grains through two reactions described in this paper: (1) adsorption of nanoparticles onto the fines/grain surface and (2) increased retention of fines attachment on the pore surface by means of reducing the surface potential between grains and fines. We develop semianalytic MOC solutions for two different scenarios of nanoparticle application to control fines migration: (1) coinjection of nanoparticles with fines suspension into 1D permeable medium and (2) precoating porous medium with nanoparticles before fines injection to evaluate the enhanced capability of porous medium to capture unsettled fines by success of nanoparticle application. A nanoparticle adsorption front, a suspended fines front, and an attached fines front occur in our analytic solution, depending on conditions. The mitigation index (MI) is introduced to evaluate the success of nanoparticles to control fines migration. In addition, the proposed approach provides a fast and reliable method to optimize nanoparticles treatment (nanoparticles concentration and the required amount) to control fines migration. Through quantitative comparison of effluent history and concentration-profile plots, we verify the accuracy of the analytical solutions with both numerical simulations and experimental results. In practice, our analytical approach provides valuable insights into how nanoparticle application can help reduce fines migration in reservoirs suffering from fines-migration problems.
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Yi, Siyuan, Tayfun Babadagli, and Huazhou Andy Li. "Use of Nickel Nanoparticles for Promoting Aquathermolysis Reaction During Cyclic Steam Stimulation." SPE Journal 23, no. 01 (July 10, 2017): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/186102-pa.
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Summary Late cycles of cyclic steam stimulation (CSS) are characterized by a decreasing heavy-oil recovery and an increasing water cut. Nickel nanoparticles can be used to promote aquathermolysis reactions between water and heavy oil in steam-injection processes, thereby increasing the recovery factor (RF). In this paper, detailed investigations were performed to determine the optimal operational parameters and answers to the following questions: What is the optimal concentration of nickel nanoparticles for promoting aquathermolysis under high steam temperature? Can we improve oil recovery at lower steam temperatures with the presence of nickel nanoparticles? What effect does the penetration depth of nickel nanoparticles have on the final oil recovery? CSS experiments were conducted between temperatures of 150 and 220°C. Steam generated under these temperatures was injected into sandpacks saturated with Mexican heavy oil. Powder-form nickel nanoparticle was introduced into this process to boost the oil production. In an attempt to obtain the optimal concentration, different concentrations were tested. Next, oil sands without any nanoparticle additives were first added into the cylinder. Then, only one-third of the sandpack was mixed with nickel nanoparticles near the injection port. Experiments were executed to study the effects of temperature, nickel concentrations, and nanoparticle-penetration depth on the ultimate oil recovery and produced oil/water ratios after each cycle. Produced-oil quality and emulsion formation were evaluated with gas-chromatography (GC) analysis, viscosity measurements, saturates/asphaltenes/resins/aromatics (SARA) tests, and microscopic analysis of the effluents. Experimental results show that the best concentration of nickel nanoparticles, which gives the highest ultimate oil RF, is 0.20 wt% of initial oil in place (IOIP) under 220°C, whereas the nickel concentration of 0.05 wt% provides the highest RFs at the early stages. A lower temperature of 150°C provides a much-lower RF than 220°C, which is mainly because of a lower level of aquathermolysis reactions at 150°C. By analyzing the compositions of produced oil and gas samples with GC and SARA tests, we confirm that the major reaction mechanism during the aquathermolysis reaction is the breakage of the carbon/sulfur (C/S) bond; the nickel nanoparticles can act as catalyst for the aquathermolysis reaction; and the catalytic effect becomes less remarkable from cycle to cycle. One run of the experiment to test the effect of particle-penetration depth revealed that the nickel nanoparticles distributed near the injection port greatly contributed to the ultimate RF.
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Seo, Dong Un, Cheng Zhu Lu, Ho Jung Chang, and Sang Woo Joo. "Quenching of Growth of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles by Adsorption of Organic Stabilizers." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 1133–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.1133.
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We examined quenching of growth of ZnO nanoparticles with the injection of various organic surfactants. Aliphatic isocyanides as well as organothiols were found to adsorb on ZnO nanoparticle surfaces. For a carboxylate-terminated thiol, a retardation of growth appeared to be effective presumably due to the adsorption of the carboxylate COO- group on the ZnO surface. Photoluminescence spectra and transmission electron microscopy images were obtained for thiolcapped ZnO nanoparticles. The thiol-capped ZnO nanoparticles was found to fluoresce at the wavelength shorter by ~6 nm than those in the absence of any organic surfactants.
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Aly, Emad H., and Abdelhalim Ebaid. "Exact Analytical Solution for Suction and Injection Flow with Thermal Enhancement of Five Nanofluids over an Isothermal Stretching Sheet with Effect of the Slip Model: A Comparative Study." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/721578.
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We introduced a direct and effective approach to obtain the exact analytical solution for the nanoparticles-water flow over an isothermal stretching sheet with the effect of the slip model. In particular, we examined and compared the effect of the existence of five metallic and nonmetallic nanoparticles, namely, Silver, Copper, Alumina, Titania, and Silicon Dioxide, in a base of water. The most interesting physical parameters were then discussed in the presence of no-slip model, first order slip, and second order slip parameters. It is found that, with no-slip effect, the present exact solutions are in a very good agreement with the previous published results. On the other hand, with the effect of the slip model, increase in the nanoparticle volume friction decreases the velocity for the high density of nanoparticles, increases it for the low density of them, and increases the temperature for all investigated nanoparticles. Further, increase in the wall mass decreases the velocity and temperature; however, it increases the local skin friction. Furthermore, increase in the slips slows down the velocity, increases the temperature with an impressive effect in the injection case, and decreases the local skin friction and the reduced Nusselt number. It was also demonstrated that, as the nanoparticle becomes heavier, this results in increase and decrease in reduced skin friction coefficient and reduced Nusselt number, respectively, with significant effect in the presence of the second slip. Finally, Silver is the suitable nanoparticle if slowing down the velocity and increasing the temperature are needed; Silicon Dioxide is the appropriate nanoparticle if different behavior is to be considered.
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Caddy, George, Justin Stebbing, Gareth Wakefield, Megan Adair, and Xiao Yun Xu. "Multiscale Modelling of Nanoparticle Distribution in a Realistic Tumour Geometry Following Local Injection." Cancers 14, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 5729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235729.
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Radiosensitizers have proven to be an effective method of improving radiotherapy outcomes, with the distribution of particles being a crucial element to delivering optimal treatment outcomes due to the short range of effect of these particles. Here we present a computational model for the transport of nanoparticles within the tumour, whereby the fluid velocity and particle deposition are obtained and used as input into the convection-diffusion equation to calculate the spatio-temporal concentration of the nanoparticles. The effect of particle surface charge and injection locations on the distribution of nanoparticle concentration within the interstitial fluid and deposited onto cell surfaces is assessed. The computational results demonstrate that negatively charged particles can achieve a more uniform distribution throughout the tumour as compared to uncharged or positively charged particles, with particle volume within the fluid being 100% of tumour volume and deposited particle volume 44.5%. In addition, varying the injection location from the end to the middle of the tumour caused a reduction in particle volume of almost 20% for negatively charged particles. In conclusion, radiosensitizing particles should be negatively charged to maximise their spread and penetration within the tumour. Choosing an appropriate injection location can further improve the distribution of these particles.
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Curell, Anna, and Jose M. Balibrea. "Finding Lymph Nodes With Carbon Nanoparticle Suspension Injection." JAMA Network Open 5, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): e227759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.7759.
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Ramani, Vinodkumar D., Girish K. Jani, and Girish U. Sailor. "Application of Plackett-Burman design for screening of factors affecting pitavastatin nanoparticle formulation development." Folia Medica 63, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 775–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/folmed.63.e58174.
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Introduction: Nanoparticle formulation of pitavastatin calcium is a potential alternative to solve the solubility related problem. However, the formulation of nanoparticle involves various parameters that affect product quality. Plackett-Burman design could facilitate an economical experimental plan that focuses on determining the relative significance of many. Aim: The objective of this study was to screen the variables which could significantly affect the pitavastatin nanoparticle formulation. Materials and methods: The pitavastatin nanoparticles were formulated by preparing nanosuspension using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique followed by freeze-drying. A Plackett-Burman screening design methodology was employed in which seven factors at two levels were tested at 12 runs to study the effect of formulation and process variables on particle size and polydispersity index of nanoparticles. The surface morphology and crystalline nature of nanoparticle were also evaluated. Results: The particle size and polydispersity index of nanosuspension was found in the range of 113.1 to 768.5 nm and 0.068 to 0.508, respectively. Statistical analysis of various variables revealed that stabilizer concentration, injection flow rate, and stirring rate were the most influential factors affecting the particle size and polydispersity index of the formulation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study suggested the amorphous nature of nanoparticles. Conclusions: This study concluded that the Plackett-Burman design was an efficient tool for screening the process and formulation variables affecting the properties of pitavastatin nanoparticles and also for the identification of the most prominent factor.
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MEHRAVAR, R., M. JAHANSHAHI, and N. SAGHATOLESLAMI. "FABRICATION AND EVALUATION OF HUMAN SERUM ALBUMIN (HSA) NANOPARTICLES FOR DRUG DELIVERY APPLICATION." International Journal of Nanoscience 08, no. 03 (June 2009): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x09006080.
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Human Serum Albumin (HSA) nanoparticles represent promising drug carrier systems. Particle size is a crucial parameter in particular for the in vivo behavior of nanoparticles after intravenous injection. The object of present study was to characterize the desolvation process of HSA for preparation of nanoparticles. Two process parameters were examined to achieve a suitable size of nanoparticles such as the pH value and the amount of glutaraldehyde concentration (%). The smallest size of nanoparticles achieved was 91 nm and the largest size was 388 nm which is suitable for drug delivery. The pH value of the HSA solution prior to the desolvation procedure was identified as the major factor determining particle size and the amount of crosslinker showed that it has less effect on produced nanoparticle size. The nanoparticle sample was purified by five cycles' centrifugation (20 000× g, 8 min) and redispersion of the pellet to the original volume in 10 mM NaCl at pH values of 7.5–9, respectively, and then analyzed by particle size analyzer (PCS).
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Franco, Carlos A., Lady J. Giraldo, Carlos H. Candela, Karla M. Bernal, Fabio Villamil, Daniel Montes, Sergio H. Lopera, Camilo A. Franco, and Farid B. Cortés. "Design and Tuning of Nanofluids Applied to Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery Based on the Surfactant–Nanoparticle–Brine Interaction: From Laboratory Experiments to Oil Field Application." Nanomaterials 10, no. 8 (August 11, 2020): 1579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10081579.
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The primary objective of this study is to develop a novel experimental nanofluid based on surfactant–nanoparticle–brine tuning, subsequently evaluate its performance in the laboratory under reservoir conditions, then upscale the design for a field trial of the nanotechnology-enhanced surfactant injection process. Two different mixtures of commercial anionic surfactants (SA and SB) were characterized by their critical micelle concentration (CMC), density, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra. Two types of commercial nanoparticles (CNA and CNB) were utilized, and they were characterized by SBET, FTIR spectra, hydrodynamic mean sizes (dp50), isoelectric points (pHIEP), and functional groups. The evaluation of both surfactant–nanoparticle systems demonstrated that the best performance was obtained with a total dissolved solid (TDS) of 0.75% with the SA surfactant and the CNA nanoparticles. A nanofluid formulation with 100 mg·L−1 of CNA provided suitable interfacial tension (IFT) values between 0.18 and 0.15 mN·m−1 for a surfactant dosage range of 750–1000 mg·L−1. Results obtained from adsorption tests indicated that the surfactant adsorption on the rock would be reduced by at least 40% under static and dynamic conditions due to nanoparticle addition. Moreover, during core flooding tests, it was observed that the recovery factor was increased by 22% for the nanofluid usage in contrast with a 17% increase with only the use of the surfactant. These results are related to the estimated capillary number of 3 × 10−5, 3 × 10−4, and 5 × 10−4 for the brine, the surfactant, and the nanofluid, respectively, as well as to the reduction in the surfactant adsorption on the rock which enhances the efficiency of the process. The field trial application was performed with the same nanofluid formulation in the two different injection patterns of a Colombian oil field and represented the first application worldwide of nanoparticles/nanofluids in enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. The cumulative incremental oil production was nearly 30,035 Bbls for both injection patterns by May 19, 2020. The decline rate was estimated through an exponential model to be −0.104 month−1 before the intervention, to −0.016 month−1 after the nanofluid injection. The pilot was designed based on a production increment of 3.5%, which was successfully surpassed with this field test with an increment of 27.3%. This application is the first, worldwide, to demonstrate surfactant flooding assisted by nanotechnology in a chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) process in a low interfacial tension region.
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Oberländer, Jennifer, Rafael Ayerbe, Joan Cabellos, Richard da Costa Marques, Bin Li, Nazende Günday-Türeli, Akif Emre Türeli, Racheli Ofir, Eliran Ish Shalom, and Volker Mailänder. "Higher Loading of Gold Nanoparticles in PAD Mesenchymal-like Stromal Cells Leads to a Decreased Exocytosis." Cells 11, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 2323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells11152323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cell therapy is an important new method in medicine and is being used for the treatment of an increasing number of diseases. The challenge here is the precise tracking of cells in the body and their visualization. One method to visualize cells more easily with current methods is their labeling with nanoparticles before injection. However, for a safe and sufficient cell labeling, the nanoparticles need to remain in the cell and not be exocytosed. Here, we test a glucose-PEG-coated gold nanoparticle for the use of such a cell labeling. To this end, we investigated the nanoparticle exocytosis behavior from PLX-PAD cells, a cell type currently in clinical trials as a potential therapeutic agent. We showed that the amount of exocytosed gold from the cells was influenced by the uptake time and loading amount. This observation will facilitate the safe labeling of cells with nanoparticles in the future and contribute to stem cell therapy research.
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Mousavi Moghadam, Asefe, and Mahsa Baghban Salehi. "Enhancing hydrocarbon productivity via wettability alteration: a review on the application of nanoparticles." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 35, no. 4 (April 24, 2019): 531–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWettability alteration (WA) of reservoir rock is an attractive topic in the upstream oil and gas industry, for the improvement of hydrocarbon production. Novel methods and chemicals that may change the wetting state of reservoir rock to water-wet have highly attracted petroleum researchers’ attention. Use of nanoparticles might be matured enough in different branches of sciences but in WA is still young, which increased in recent decades. This review paper presents a comprehensive review on WA, especially in terms of nanoparticle application in increasing oil recovery. Therefore, the areas of controversy of two rock types (carbonate and sandstone) as a main element in WA are discussed. A selection of reviewed nanoparticle types, preparation methods, and effective factors was also investigated. Moreover, two main methods of WA, static and dynamic, are highlighted. Although these methods have been discussed in many reviews, a clear classification form of these has not been considered. Such comprehensive arrangement is presented in this review, specifically on nanoparticle application. Moreover, coreflooding tests of different fluid types and injection scenarios are discussed. The review indicates promising use of nanoparticles in increasing ultimate oil recovery. It was hoped the current review paper can provide useful related reference to study WA via nanoparticle application.
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Buschmann, Michael D., Manuel J. Carrasco, Suman Alishetty, Mikell Paige, Mohamad Gabriel Alameh, and Drew Weissman. "Nanomaterial Delivery Systems for mRNA Vaccines." Vaccines 9, no. 1 (January 19, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The recent success of mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is in part due to the development of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems that not only efficiently express the mRNA-encoded immunogen after intramuscular injection, but also play roles as adjuvants and in vaccine reactogenicity. We present an overview of mRNA delivery systems and then focus on the lipid nanoparticles used in the current SARS-CoV-2 vaccine clinical trials. The review concludes with an analysis of the determinants of the performance of lipid nanoparticles in mRNA vaccines.
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Baek, Eung Ryul, Sugen Supriadi, Chul Jin Choi, Byong Taek Lee, and Jae Wook Lee. "Effect of Particle Size in Feedstock Properties in Micro Powder Injection Molding." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 349–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Micro powder metal injection molding has received attention as a manufacturing technology for microparts. Small powder size is very useful in achieving detailed structures. STS nanopowders with an average diameter of 100 nm and STS micropowders with an average diameter of 5 micron were utilized to produce feedstock. The mixing behavior of the feedstock was indicated that the nanoparticle feedstock produce highest mixing torque at various powder_loading than the micropowder feedstock. Ares rheometer was utilized to examine visco-elatic flow behavior. The nanoparticles feedstocks showed that elastic properties are dominant in flow behavior and high viscosity. Whereas the micropowders feedstocks, viscous properties are dominant in flow behavior and less viscosity.
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Tanner, Eden EL. "(Invited) Ionic Liquids As Polymeric Nanoparticle Coatings." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 55 (October 9, 2022): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02552088mtgabs.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the major challenges facing intravenous nanoparticle administration is the formation of protein coronae on the surface of injected nanoparticles, which prevents them from reaching the target tissue. Biocompatible ionic liquids (ILs) have been shown to have tunable interactions with biomolecules including proteins and are prone to rearrangement on charged surfaces. We show that this can be exploited to use designer protein avoidant-ionic liquids as polymeric coatings, which can protect the nanoparticle from being fouled by serum proteins in the blood. When the IL coated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles are injected into mice, they show reduced clearance compared to control poly(ethylene glycol) or bare PLGA particles. Instead of lung, kidney or splenic deposition, the IL-particles accumulate in the lung tissue after hitching a ride on red blood cells post-injection. This talk will discuss the development of ionic liquids for efficacious nanoparticle drug delivery, elucidate the lessons learnt thus far, describe the many challenges to come, and highlight the opportunities that arise at the intersection of physical chemistry and bioengineering.
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Lipengolts, Alexey A., Yulia A. Finogenova, Vsevolod A. Skribitsky, Kristina E. Shpakova, Adi Anaki, Menachem Motiei, Alevtina S. Semkina, et al. "CT and MRI Imaging of Theranostic Bimodal Fe3O4@Au NanoParticles in Tumor Bearing Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 21, 2022): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010070.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Gold-containing nanoparticles are proven to be an effective radiosensitizer in the radiotherapy of tumors. Reliable imaging of nanoparticles in a tumor and surrounding normal tissues is crucial both for diagnostics and for nanoparticle application as radiosensitizers. The Fe3O4 core was introduced into gold nanoparticles to form a core/shell structure suitable for MRI imaging. The aim of this study was to assess the in vivo bimodal CT and MRI enhancement ability of novel core/shell Fe3O4@Au theranostic nanoparticles. Core/shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with PEG and glucose. C57Bl/6 mice bearing Ca755 mammary adenocarcinoma tumors received intravenous injections of the nanoparticles. CT and MRI were performed at several timepoints between 5 and 102 min, and on day 17 post-injection. Core/shell Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles provided significant enhancement of the tumor and tumor blood vessels. Nanoparticles also accumulated in the liver and spleen and were retained in these organs for 17 days. Mice did not show any signs of toxicity over the study duration. These results indicate that theranostic bimodal Fe3O4@Au nanoparticles are non-toxic and serve as effective contrast agents both for CT and MRI diagnostics. These nanoparticles have potential for future biomedical applications in cancer diagnostics and beyond.
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Sheikholeslami, M., H. R. Ashorynejad, G. Domairry, and I. Hashim. "Flow and Heat Transfer of Cu-Water Nanofluid between a Stretching Sheet and a Porous Surface in a Rotating System." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/421320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the present paper is to study the flow of nanofluid and heat transfer characteristics between two horizontal plates in a rotating system. The lower plate is a stretching sheet and the upper one is a solid porous plate. Copper (Cu) as nanoparticle and water as its base fluid have been considered. The governing partial differential equations with the corresponding boundary conditions are reduced to a set of ordinary differential equations with the appropriate boundary conditions using similarity transformation, which is then solved analytically using the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Comparison between HAM and numerical solutions results showed an excellent agreement. The results for the flow and heat transfer characteristics are obtained for various values of the nanoparticle volume fraction, suction/injection parameter, rotation parameter, and Reynolds number. It is shown that the inclusion of a nanoparticle into the base fluid of this problem is capable of causing change in the flow pattern. It is found that for both suction and injection, the heat transfer rate at the surface increases with increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction, Reynolds number, and injection/suction parameter and it decreases with power of rotation parameter.
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Wijeratne, Peter A., and Vasileios Vavourakis. "A quantitative in silico platform for simulating cytotoxic and nanoparticle drug delivery to solid tumours." Interface Focus 9, no. 3 (April 19, 2019): 20180063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2018.0063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The role of tumour–host mechano-biology and the mechanisms involved in the delivery of anti-cancer drugs have been extensively studied using in vitro and in vivo models. A complementary approach is offered by in silico models, which can also potentially identify the main factors affecting the transport of tumour-targeting molecules. Here, we present a generalized three-dimensional in silico modelling framework of dynamic solid tumour growth, angiogenesis and drug delivery. Crucially, the model allows for drug properties—such as size and binding affinity—to be explicitly defined, hence facilitating investigation into the interaction between the changing tumour–host microenvironment and cytotoxic and nanoparticle drugs. We use the model to qualitatively recapitulate experimental evidence of delivery efficacy of cytotoxic and nanoparticle drugs on matrix density (and hence porosity). Furthermore, we predict a highly heterogeneous distribution of nanoparticles after delivery; that nanoparticles require a high porosity extracellular matrix to cause tumour regression; and that post-injection transvascular fluid velocity depends on matrix porosity, and implicitly on the size of the drug used to treat the tumour. These results highlight the utility of predictive in silico modelling in better understanding the factors governing efficient cytotoxic and nanoparticle drug delivery.