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1
Murshed, S. M. Sohel. "Nanofluids and Nanofluidics." Nanomaterials 12, no. 17 (August 24, 2022): 2914. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12172914.
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Lin, Jianzhong, Mingzhou Yu, Martin Seipenbusch, Xiaoke Ku, and Yu Feng. "Nanofluidics and Nanofluids." Journal of Nanotechnology 2019 (May 2, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8767624.
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3
Le, Thu, Hisashi Shimizu, and Kyojiro Morikawa. "Advances in Label-Free Detections for Nanofluidic Analytical Devices." Micromachines 11, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11100885.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanofluidics, a discipline of science and engineering of fluids confined to structures at the 1–1000 nm scale, has experienced significant growth over the past decade. Nanofluidics have offered fascinating platforms for chemical and biological analyses by exploiting the unique characteristics of liquids and molecules confined in nanospaces; however, the difficulty to detect molecules in extremely small spaces hampers the practical applications of nanofluidic devices. Laser-induced fluorescence microscopy with single-molecule sensitivity has been so far a major detection method in nanofluidics, but issues arising from labeling and photobleaching limit its application. Recently, numerous label-free detection methods have been developed to identify and determine the number of molecules, as well as provide chemical, conformational, and kinetic information of molecules. This review focuses on label-free detection techniques designed for nanofluidics; these techniques are divided into two groups: optical and electrical/electrochemical detection methods. In this review, we discuss on the developed nanofluidic device architectures, elucidate the mechanisms by which the utilization of nanofluidics in manipulating molecules and controlling light–matter interactions enhances the capabilities of biological and chemical analyses, and highlight new research directions in the field of detections in nanofluidics.
4
Lei, Lei. "Testing algorithm for heat transfer performance of nanofluid-filled heat pipe based on neural network." Open Physics 18, no. 1 (November 13, 2020): 751–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/phys-2020-0170.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractTraditional testing algorithm based on pattern matching is impossible to effectively analyze the heat transfer performance of heat pipes filled with different concentrations of nanofluids, so the testing algorithm for heat transfer performance of a nanofluidic heat pipe based on neural network is proposed. Nanofluids are obtained by weighing, preparing, stirring, standing and shaking using dichotomy. Based on this, the heat transfer performance analysis model of the nanofluidic heat pipe based on artificial neural network is constructed, which is applied to the analysis of heat transfer performance of nanofluidic heat pipes to achieve accurate analysis. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively analyze the heat transfer performance of heat pipes under different concentrations of nanofluids, and the heat transfer performance of heat pipes is best when the volume fraction of nanofluids is 0.15%.
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Esfe, Mohammad Hemmat, Somchai Wongwises, Saeed Esfandeh, and Ali Alirezaie. "Development of a New Correlation and Post Processing of Heat Transfer Coefficient and Pressure Drop of Functionalized COOH MWCNT Nanofluid by Artificial Neural Network." Current Nanoscience 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413713666170913122649.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Because of nanofluids applications in improvement of heat transfer rate in heating and cooling systems, many researchers have conducted various experiments to investigate nanofluid's characteristics more accurate. Thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, and heat transfer are examples of these characteristics. Method: This paper presents a modeling and validation method of heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of functionalized aqueous COOH MWCNT nanofluids by artificial neural network and proposing a new correlation. In the current experiment, the ANN input data has included the volume fraction and the Reynolds number and heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop considered as ANN outputs. Results: Comparing modeling results with proposed correlation proves that the empirical correlation is not able to accurately predict the experimental output results, and this is performed with a lot more accuracy by the neural network. The regression coefficient of neural network outputs was equal to 99.94% and 99.84%, respectively, for the data of relative heat transfer coefficient and relative pressure drop. The regression coefficient for the provided equation was also equal to 97.02% and 77.90%, respectively, for these two parameters, which indicates this equation operates much less precisely than the neural network. Conclusion: So, relative heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop of nanofluids can also be modeled and estimated by the neural network, in addition to the modeling of nanofluid’s thermal conductivity and viscosity executed by different scholars via neural networks.
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Chen, Xueye. "Molecular dynamics simulation of nanofluidics." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 34, no. 6 (November 27, 2018): 875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2016-0060.
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Abstract This review reports the progress on the recent development of molecular dynamics simulation of nanofluidics. Molecular dynamics simulations of nanofluidics in nanochannel structure, surface roughness of nanochannel, carbon nanotubes, electrically charged, thermal transport in nanochannels and gases in nanochannels are illustrated and discussed. This paper will provide an expedient and valuable reference to designers who intend to research molecular dynamics simulation of nanofluidic devices.
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Han, W. S., and S. H. Rhi. "Thermal characteristics of grooved heat pipe with hybrid nanofluids." Thermal Science 15, no. 1 (2011): 195–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci100209056h.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the present study, the specially designed grooved heat pipe charged with nanofluids was investigated in terms of various parameters such as heat transfer rate(50-300 W with 50 W interval), volume concentration(0.005%, 0.05%, 0.1%, and hybrid combinations), inclination(5?, 45?, 90?), cooling water temperature (1?C, 10?C, and 20?C), surface state, transient state and so on. Hybrid nanofluids with different volume concentration ratios with Ag-H2O and Al2O3-H2O were used as working fluids on a grooved heat pipe(GHP). Comparing with the pure water system, nanofluidic and hybrid nanofluidic system shows greater overall thermal resistance with increasing nano-particle concentration. Also hybrid nanofluids make the system deteriorate in terms of thermal resistance. The post nanofluid experimental data regarding GHP show that the heat transfer performance is similar to the results of nanofluid system. The thermal performance of a grooved heat pipe with nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids were varied with driving parameters but they led to worse system performance.
8
Iyahraja, S., J. Selwin Rajadurai, M. Sivakumar, and N. N. Lenin. "Investigation on silver-water nanofluid for development of new viscosity correlation." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 37, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 505–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT. The present study addresses an experimental investigation on the influence of the concentration of nanoparticles and temperature on nanofluid's viscosity and establishes a numerical correlation for predicting the nanofluid's viscosity. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag) with a size of 20 nm were used to prepare the nanofluid with water as the base fluid. The concentrations of silver nanoparticles were fixed as 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1% by volume in the range of temperature from 20 to 60oC. The findings of the current investigations report that the nanofluid's viscosity increases with volume fractions of nanoparticles and decreases as the temperature increases. The theoretical correlations in the literature under predict the viscosity of silver-water nanofluids, which has led to the development of a new relationship for determining the nanofluids' effective viscosity from the experimental findings of this research. The proposed model as outcome of the current investigation confirms a reasonable agreement with the experimental data.
KEY WORDS: Silver nanoparticles, Nanofluid, Viscosity, Volume Concentration, Temperature
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2023, 37(2), 505-514.
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v37i2.18
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Wohld, Jake, Joshua Beck, Kallie Inman, Michael Palmer, Marcus Cummings, Ryan Fulmer, and Saeid Vafaei. "Hybrid Nanofluid Thermal Conductivity and Optimization: Original Approach and Background." Nanomaterials 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2022): 2847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12162847.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The focus of this paper was to develop a comprehensive nanofluid thermal conductivity model that can be applied to nanofluids with any number of distinct nanoparticles for a given base fluid, concentration, temperature, particle material, and particle diameter. For the first time, this model permits a direct analytical comparison between nanofluids with a different number of distinct nanoparticles. It was observed that the model’s average error was ~5.289% when compared with independent experimental data for hybrid nanofluids, which is lower than the average error of the best preexisting hybrid nanofluid model. Additionally, the effects of the operating temperature and nanoparticle concentration on the thermal conductivity and viscosity of nanofluids were investigated theoretically and experimentally. It was found that optimization of the operating conditions and characteristics of nanofluids is crucial to maximize the heat transfer coefficient in nanofluidics and microfluidics. Furthermore, the existing theoretical models to predict nanofluid thermal conductivity were discussed based on the main mechanisms of energy transfer, including Effective Medium Theory, Brownian motion, the nanolayer, aggregation, Molecular Dynamics simulations, and enhancement in hybrid nanofluids. The advantage and disadvantage of each model, as well as the level of accuracy of each model, were examined using independent experimental data.
10
Ouyang, Wei, Jongyoon Han, and Wei Wang. "Nanofluidic crystals: nanofluidics in a close-packed nanoparticle array." Lab on a Chip 17, no. 18 (2017): 3006–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc00588a.
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Le, Thu Hac Huong, Takumi Matsushita, Ryoichi Ohta, Yuta Shimoda, Hiroaki Matsui, and Takehiko Kitamori. "Fabrication of Infrared-Compatible Nanofluidic Devices for Plasmon-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy." Micromachines 11, no. 12 (November 30, 2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11121062.
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Nanofluidic devices have offered us fascinating analytical platforms for chemical and bioanalysis by exploiting unique properties of liquids and molecules confined in nanospaces. The increasing interests in nanofluidic analytical devices have triggered the development of new robust and sensitive detection techniques, especially label-free ones. IR absorption spectroscopy is one of the most powerful biochemical analysis methods for identification and quantitative measurement of chemical species in the label-free and non-invasive fashion. However, the low sensitivity and the difficulties in fabrication of IR-compatible nanofluidic devices are major obstacles that restrict the applications of IR spectroscopy in nanofluidics. Here, we realized the bonding of CaF2 and SiO2 at room temperature and demonstrated an IR-compatible nanofluidic device that allowed the IR spectroscopy in a wide range of mid-IR regime. We also performed the integration of metal-insulator-metal perfect absorber metamaterials into nanofluidic devices for plasmon-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy with ultrahigh sensitivity. This study also shows a proof-of-concept of the multi-band absorber by combining different types of nanostructures. The results indicate the potential of implementing metamaterials in tracking several characteristic molecular vibrational modes simultaneously, making it possible to identify molecular species in mixture or complex biological entities.
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Sharifi, Amir Hossein, Iman Zahmatkesh, Fatemeh F. Bamoharram, Amir Hossein Shokouhi Tabrizi, Safieh Fazel Razavi, and Sara Saneinezhad. "Experimental Measurement of Thermophysical Properties of Alumina- MWCNTs/Salt–Water Hybrid Nanofluids." Current Nanoscience 16, no. 5 (October 5, 2020): 734–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573413716666191218122600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Hybrid nanofluids are considered as an extension of conventional nanofluids which are prepared through suspending two or more nanoparticles in the base fluids. Previous studies on hybrid nanofluids have measured their thermal conductivity overlooking other thermophysical properties such as viscosity and electrical conductivity. Objective: An experimental investigation is undertaken to measure thermal conductivity, viscosity, and electrical conductivity of a hybrid nanofluid prepared through dispersing alumina nanoparticles and multiwall carbon nanotubes in saltwater. These properties are the main important factors that must be assessed before performance analysis for industrial applications. Methods: The experimental data were collected for different values of the nanoparticle volume fraction, temperature, salt concentration, and pH value. Attention was paid to explore the consequences of these parameters on the nanofluid’s properties and to find optimal conditions to achieve the highest value of the thermal conductivity and the lowest values of the electrical conductivity and the viscosity. Results: The results demonstrate that although the impacts of the pH value and the nanoparticle volume fraction on the nanofluid’s thermophysical properties are not monotonic, optimal conditions for each of the properties are reachable. It is found that the inclusion of the salt in the base fluid may not change the thermal conductivity noticeably. However, a considerable reduction in the viscosity and substantial elevation in the electrical conductivity occur with an increase in the salt concentration. Conclusion: With the addition of salt to a base fluid, the thermophysical properties of a nanofluid can be controlled.
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Shajahan, Mohamed Iqbal, Chockalingam Sundar Raj, Sambandan Arul, and Palanisamy Rathnakumar. "Heat transfer intensification of Zirconia/water nanofluid." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 13 (January 9, 2017): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v13i1.4530.
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This paper investigated convective heat transfer and friction factor of ZrO2/H2O nanofluid through a circular pipe under laminar flow condition with constant heat flux. Nanofluid is prepared for 0.5, 0.75 and 1% volume concentrations with yttrium oxide surfactant. Nanofluid’s thermal conductivity and viscosity is measured by KD2 Pro thermal analyser and Brookfield viscometer respectively. Results showed that the thermal conductivity and viscosity increased with increase in particle volume concentration. These nanofluids are experimented in a forced convection system, first heat transfer characteristics of DI (Deionised) water under laminar flow in a copper tube measured, then three nanofluids are carried out the tests, results revealed that the enhanced Nusselt numbers of 21.09,28.05 and 35.73% at the 0.5, 0.75 and 1% volume concentrations, There is no excess penalty in pumping power and results showed less variations in friction factor for nanofluids comparatively with the base fluid DIWater.
14
Chernev, Andrey, Sanjin Marion, and Aleksandra Radenovic. "Prospects of Observing Ionic Coulomb Blockade in Artificial Ion Confinements." Entropy 22, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22121430.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanofluidics encompasses a wide range of advanced approaches to study charge and mass transport at the nanoscale. Modern technologies allow us to develop and improve artificial nanofluidic platforms that confine ions in a way similar to single-ion channels in living cells. Therefore, nanofluidic platforms show great potential to act as a test field for theoretical models. This review aims to highlight ionic Coulomb blockade (ICB)—an effect that is proposed to be the key player of ion channel selectivity, which is based upon electrostatic exclusion limiting ion transport. Thus, in this perspective, we focus on the most promising approaches that have been reported on the subject. We consider ion confinements of various dimensionalities and highlight the most recent advancements in the field. Furthermore, we concentrate on the most critical obstacles associated with these studies and suggest possible solutions to advance the field further.
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Kamai, Hiroki, and Yan Xu. "Fabrication of Ultranarrow Nanochannels with Ultrasmall Nanocomponents in Glass Substrates." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (June 30, 2021): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070775.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanofluidics is supposed to take advantage of a variety of new physical phenomena and unusual effects at nanoscales typically below 100 nm. However, the current chip-based nanofluidic applications are mostly based on the use of nanochannels with linewidths above 100 nm, due to the restricted ability of the efficient fabrication of nanochannels with narrow linewidths in glass substrates. In this study, we established the fabrication of nanofluidic structures in glass substrates with narrow linewidths of several tens of nanometers by optimizing a nanofabrication process composed of electron-beam lithography and plasma dry etching. Using the optimized process, we achieved the efficient fabrication of fine glass nanochannels with sub-40 nm linewidths, uniform lateral features, and smooth morphologies, in an accurate and precise way. Furthermore, the use of the process allowed the integration of similar or dissimilar material-based ultrasmall nanocomponents in the ultranarrow nanochannels, including arrays of pockets with volumes as less as 42 zeptoliters (zL, 10−21 L) and well-defined gold nanogaps as narrow as 19 nm. We believe that the established nanofabrication process will be very useful for expanding fundamental research and in further improving the applications of nanofluidic devices.
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Shoda, Koki, Minori Tanaka, Kensuke Mino, and Yutaka Kazoe. "A Simple Low-Temperature Glass Bonding Process with Surface Activation by Oxygen Plasma for Micro/Nanofluidic Devices." Micromachines 11, no. 9 (August 25, 2020): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11090804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The bonding of glass substrates is necessary when constructing micro/nanofluidic devices for sealing micro- and nanochannels. Recently, a low-temperature glass bonding method utilizing surface activation with plasma was developed to realize micro/nanofluidic devices for various applications, but it still has issues for general use. Here, we propose a simple process of low-temperature glass bonding utilizing typical facilities available in clean rooms and applied it to the fabrication of micro/nanofluidic devices made of different glasses. In the process, the substrate surface was activated with oxygen plasma, and the glass substrates were placed in contact in a class ISO 5 clean room. The pre-bonded substrates were heated for annealing. We found an optimal concentration of oxygen plasma and achieved a bonding energy of 0.33–0.48 J/m2 in fused-silica/fused-silica glass bonding. The process was applied to the bonding of fused-silica glass and borosilicate glass, which is generally used in optical microscopy, and revealed higher bonding energy than fused-silica/fused-silica glass bonding. An annealing temperature lower than 200 °C was necessary to avoid crack generation by thermal stress due to the different thermal properties of the glasses. A fabricated micro/nanofluidic device exhibited a pressure resistance higher than 600 kPa. This work will contribute to the advancement of micro/nanofluidics.
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Suhaimi, Sabrina N., Abdul R. A. Rahman, Muhamad F. Md Din, Muhammad Zahir Hassan, Mohd Taufiq Ishak, and Mohd Taufik bin Jusoh. "A Review on Oil-Based Nanofluid as Next-Generation Insulation for Transformer Application." Journal of Nanomaterials 2020 (February 29, 2020): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2061343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to the increasing demand on developing good insulation, several researchers have performed experimental studies to prove the effectiveness and capabilities of transformer oil. This is done by suspending nanosized solid particles in the oil (nanofluid) for transformer applications. In brief, this paper presents a compilation of research studies which is divided into three parts. Part I discuss the preparation of the nanofluid which involves different types of nanomaterials, the optimal amount of concentrations, and applicable synthesisation methods for producing stably suspended nanofluids. In Part II, the nanofluid’s performances including the electrical breakdown voltages, impulse tests, and thermal and dielectric behaviour are reviewed in depth and compared. Part III emphasizes the limitation of nanofluids. Most researchers have agreed that appropriate concentrations of nanomaterials and the preparation method for nanofluids mainly affect the performance of nanofluids especially in terms of electrical properties. Meanwhile, types of nanomaterials and base oil also play a vital role in producing nanofluids as a better alternative transformer oil. However, among a few researchers, there are concerns regarding the issue of agglomeration and inconsistencies of findings that need to be resolved. Therefore, a few aspects must be taken into consideration to produce the next generation of high heat dissipation insulation.
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Li, Chunquan, Zhengwei Liu, Hongyan Huang, Yuling Shang, and Xuebin Li. "Experimental study of convective heat transfer in Fe3O4-H2O nanofluids in a grid-shaped microchannel under magnetic field." Thermal Science, no. 00 (2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci220620161l.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Experimental study of convective heat transfer with Fe3O4-H2O (1 vol%) nanofluids was examined when the nanofluids flowed through a gridded microchannel under a perpendicularly oriented magnetic field of 0-700 G strength. The results show that, compared to deionized water, nanofluids reduces chip temperature by 2.11?C and increases the convective heat transfer coefficient by 30.43 % when no magnetic field is present. Under magnetic field conditions, the chip temperature was maximally reduced by 3.2?C, while the convective heat transfer coefficient is improved up to 65 % in comparison to deionized water. With increasing magnetic field strength, nanofluids's pressure drop and flow resistance showed an overall decreasing trend, and the pressure drop at 500 G and 700 G were reduced by 19.3 % and 14.51 %, respectively, compared to that at 0 G. In terms of overall performance, improved heat transfer in the presence of a magnetic field outperforms heat transfer in the absence of a magnetic field. The intensive heat transfer factor of nanofluids under magnetic field conditions is greater than one when the Reynolds number exceeds 400. The best overall performance and the highest intensive heat transfer factor are observed at a magnetic field strength of 300 G.
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Abdulwahid, Ammar Fakhir. "Experimental Investigation on the Multi-metallic Cu-Zn NanofluidsHeat Transfer Enhancement and Pressure Losses." Journal of University of Babylon for Engineering Sciences 26, no. 2 (January 1, 2018): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29196/jub.v26i2.381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metallic nanofluidsare suspensions of metallic particles of nanometre size in base fluids. The combination of two kinds of metallic particles mixed at the same volume ratio is known as multi-metallic nanoparticles. These multiple metallic particles of nanometre size were suspended in deionized H2Ovia the use of ultrasonic vibratorsat varying volume fractions as well as variations in the ratios of metallic/metallic particles of nanometre size. In our study the dynamic viscosity, the nanofluid’s heat conductivities were determined for varying temperatures and volume fractions. The coefficient of thermal transmissionof the flowing nanofluid in the constant wall heat flux tube were determined experimentally in laminar condition. The results revealedhuge thermal transmission enhancement comparison to the base fluids. The pressure loses were illustrated for all nanofluids. The comparisons of the different metallic and multi-metallic types of the nanofluids were showed that Cu nanofluids have a greater coefficient ofthermal transmission compared with the Cu-Zn, Zn atequal volume fractions.
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Sano, Hiroki, Yutaka Kazoe, Kyojiro Morikawa, and Takehiko Kitamori. "Picoliter liquid operations in nanofluidic channel utilizing an open/close valve with nanoscale curved structure mimicking glass deflection." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 5 (April 11, 2022): 055009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac6204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Microfluidics has downscaled to nanofluidics to achieve state-of-the-art analyses at single/countable molecules level. In nanofluidic analytical devices, switching and partitioning reagents in nanochannels without contamination are essential operations. For such operations, we have developed a nanochannel open/close valve utilizing elastic glass deformation. However, owing to a rectangular-shaped nanospace, sample leakage due to diffusion through the remaining open space in the closed valve occurs and causes contamination. Herein, we propose a fabrication method of nanoscale curved structure resembling the glass deflection shape to develop the nanofluidic valve for switching and partitioning operations in nanochannels. After fabricating a four-stepped rectangular nanospace by electron beam lithography and dry etching, the space was plastically deformed using an impulsive force by pressing the chamber more than 20 000 times. A smoothly curved structure with a high aspect ratio of 750 (75 μm width and 100 nm depth) fitting the glass deflection shape, which has been difficult for conventional methods, was successfully fabricated. Utilizing a valve with the curved structure, the solute leakage through the closed valve was reduced to less than 0.5% with a 94% decreased diffusion flux compared to previous valve with the rectangular-shaped structure. The developed valve realized switching of 72 pl reagents in a nanochannel with a response time of 0.4 s, which is sufficient for nanofluidic-chromatography, and it correctly worked even after an interval of 30 min, which is required for repeatable nanofluidic analyses. The newly developed valve will contribute to realizing versatile nanofluidic analytical devices.
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Tu, Qingsong, Wice Ibrahimi, Steven Ren, James Wu, and Shaofan Li. "A Molecular Dynamics Study on Rotational Nanofluid and Its Application to Desalination." Membranes 10, no. 6 (June 6, 2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10060117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, we systematically study a rotational nanofluidic device for reverse osmosis (RO) desalination by using large scale molecular dynamics modeling and simulation. Moreover, we have compared Molecular Dynamics simulation with fluid mechanics modeling. We have found that the pressure generated by the centrifugal motion of nanofluids can counterbalance the osmosis pressure developed from the concentration gradient, and hence provide a driving force to filtrate fresh water from salt water. Molecular Dynamics modeling of two different types of designs are performed and compared. Results indicate that this novel nanofluidic device is not only able to alleviate the fouling problem significantly, but it is also capable of maintaining high membrane permeability and energy efficiency. The angular velocity of the nanofluids within the device is investigated, and the critical angular velocity needed for the fluids to overcome the osmotic pressure is derived. Meanwhile, a maximal angular velocity value is also identified to avoid Taylor-Couette instability. The MD simulation results agree well with continuum modeling results obtained from fluid hydrodynamics theory, which provides a theoretical foundation for scaling up the proposed rotational osmosis device. Successful fabrication of such rotational RO membrane centrifuge may potentially revolutionize the membrane desalination technology by providing a fundamental solution to the water resource problem.
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Park, Seung-min, Yun Suk Huh, Harold G. Craighead, and David Erickson. "A method for nanofluidic device prototyping using elastomeric collapse." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106, no. 37 (August 27, 2009): 15549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0904004106.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanofluidics represents a promising solution to problems in fields ranging from biomolecular analysis to optical property tuning. Recently a number of simple nanofluidic fabrication techniques have been introduced that exploit the deformability of elastomeric materials like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). These techniques are limited by the complexity of the devices that can be fabricated, which can only create straight or irregular channels normal to the direction of an applied strain. Here, we report a technique for nanofluidic fabrication based on the controlled collapse of microchannel structures. As is demonstrated, this method converts the easy to control vertical dimension of a PDMS mold to the lateral dimension of a nanochannel. We demonstrate here the creation of complex nanochannel structures as small as 60 nm and provide simple design rules for determining the conditions under which nanochannel formation will occur. The applicability of the technique to biomolecular analysis is demonstrated by showing DNA elongation in a nanochannel and a technique for optofluidic surface enhanced Raman detection of nucleic acids.
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Izadikia, Maryam, Miralam Mahdi, and Kamran Mobini. "Numerical study of hydrodynamic and thermal behavior of Al2O3/Water nanofluid and Al2O3-Cu/Water hybrid nanofluid in a confined impinging slot jet using two-phase mixed model." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 8917–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.16.2.2022.09.0705.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study utilizes the two-phase mixture model to conduct a numeric study of Al2O3/Water and Al2O3-Cu/Water (hybrid) nanofluid's hydrodynamic and thermal behavior in a laminar confined impinging slot jet in 50 ≤ Re ≤ 300 and nanoparticles volume fractions (NVF) ranging from 0 - 2%. This study considers various aspect ratios (H/W), including 2, 4, and 6, to investiate the confining effects. This paper gives a comparative analysis of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids in terms of the parameters concerning the flow: Reynolds and local Nusselt number (Nux), average Nusselt number (Nuavg), flow lines' contour, and temperature distribution under similar geometric conditions and Reynolds number. In comparison with nanofluids, the hybrid nanofluids have higher local Nusselt number on the entire target surface, this advantage of hybrid nanofluid attribute to higher thermal conductivity of them. The average Nusselt numbers of nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids plotted at different Refor various aspect ratios(H/W=2,4), and the effect of aspect ratio and momentum are explained. Furthermore, pumping power of both fluid analysed for all nanoparticles volume fraction (0 - 2%) at different Reynolds number. The result shows that pumping power of hybrid nanofluid is higher than base fluid and nanofluid, because the dynamic viscosity of hybrid nanofluid is higher than base fluid (water) and nanofluid. Besides; the study identified some correlations in the hybrid nanofluids regarding the stagnation point and the average Nusselt numbers. Presumably, these correlations are valid under certain conditions: 50≤ Re ≤ 300, 2 ≤ H/W≤ 6, and volume fracture (0 - 2%).
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Morikawa, Kyojiro, Yutaka Kazoe, Yuto Takagi, Yoshiyuki Tsuyama, Yuriy Pihosh, Takehiko Tsukahara, and Takehiko Kitamori. "Advanced Top-Down Fabrication for a Fused Silica Nanofluidic Device." Micromachines 11, no. 11 (November 9, 2020): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11110995.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanofluidics have recently attracted significant attention with regard to the development of new functionalities and applications, and producing new functional devices utilizing nanofluidics will require the fabrication of nanochannels. Fused silica nanofluidic devices fabricated by top-down methods are a promising approach to realizing this goal. Our group previously demonstrated the analysis of a living single cell using such a device, incorporating nanochannels having different sizes (102–103 nm) and with branched and confluent structures and surface patterning. However, fabrication of geometrically-controlled nanochannels on the 101 nm size scale by top-down methods on a fused silica substrate, and the fabrication of micro-nano interfaces on a single substrate, remain challenging. In the present study, the smallest-ever square nanochannels (with a size of 50 nm) were fabricated on fused silica substrates by optimizing the electron beam exposure time, and the absence of channel breaks was confirmed by streaming current measurements. In addition, micro-nano interfaces between 103 nm nanochannels and 101 μm microchannels were fabricated on a single substrate by controlling the hydrophobicity of the nanochannel surfaces. A micro-nano interface for a single cell analysis device, in which a nanochannel was connected to a 101 μm single cell chamber, was also fabricated. These new fabrication procedures are expected to advance the basic technologies employed in the field of nanofluidics.
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Sima, Felix, and Koji Sugioka. "Ultrafast laser manufacturing of nanofluidic systems." Nanophotonics 10, no. 9 (June 11, 2021): 2389–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0159.
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Abstract In the last decades, research and development of microfluidics have made extraordinary progress, since they have revolutionized the biological and chemical fields as a backbone of lab-on-a-chip systems. Further advancement pushes to miniaturize the architectures to nanoscale in terms of both the sizes and the fluid dynamics for some specific applications including investigation of biological sub-cellular aspects and chemical analysis with much improved detection limits. In particular, nano-scale channels offer new opportunities for tests at single cell or even molecular levels. Thus, nanofluidics, which is a microfluidic system involving channels with nanometer dimensions typically smaller than several hundred nm, has been proposed as an ideal platform for investigating fundamental molecular events at the cell-extracellular milieu interface, biological sensing, and more recently for studying cancer cell migration in a space much narrower than the cell size. In addition, nanofluidics can be used for sample manipulation in analytical chemistry, such as sample injections, separation, purifications or for quantitative and qualitative determinations. Among the nanofabrication technologies, ultrafast laser manufacturing is a promising tool for fabrication of nanofluidics due to its flexibility, versatility, high fabrication resolution and three dimensional (3D) fabrication capability. In this paper, we review the technological advancements of nanofluidic systems, with emphasis on fabrication methods, in particular ultrafast laser manufacturing. We present the challenges for issues concerning channel sizes and fluid dynamics, and introduce the applications in physics, biology, chemistry and engineering with future prospects.
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Bobbo, Sergio, Bernardo Buonomo, Oronzio Manca, Silvio Vigna, and Laura Fedele. "Analysis of the Parameters Required to Properly Define Nanofluids for Heat Transfer Applications." Fluids 6, no. 2 (February 2, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6020065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanofluids are obtained by dispersing nanoparticles and dispersant, when present, in a base fluid. Their properties, in particular their stability, however, are strictly related to several other parameters, knowledge of which is important to reproduce the nanofluids and correctly interpret their behavior. Due to this complexity, the results appear to be frequently unreliable, contradictory, not comparable and/or not repeatable, in particular for the scarcity of information on their preparation. Thus, it is essential to define what is the minimum amount of information necessary to fully describe the nanofluid, so as to ensure the possibility of reproduction of both their formulation and the measurements of their properties. In this paper, a literature analysis is performed to highlight what are the most important parameters necessary to describe the configuration of each nanofluid and their influence on the nanofluid’s properties. A case study is discussed, analyzing the information reported and the results obtained for the thermophysical properties of nanofluids formed by water and TiO2 nanoparticles. The aim is to highlight the differences in the amount of information given by the different authors and exemplify how results can be contradictory. A final discussion gives some suggestions on the minimum amount of information that should be given on a nanofluid to have the possibility to compare results obtained for similar nanofluids and to reproduce the same nanofluid in other laboratories.
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Mohammed Zayan, Jalal, Abdul Khaliq Rasheed, Akbar John, Mohammad Khalid, Ahmad Faris Ismail, Abdul Aabid, and Muneer Baig. "Investigation on Rheological Properties of Water-Based Novel Ternary Hybrid Nanofluids Using Experimental and Taguchi Method." Materials 15, no. 1 (December 21, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15010028.
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This study presents the rheological behavior of water-based GO-TiO2-Ag and rGO-TiO2-Ag ternary-hybrid nanofluids. The impact of nanoparticles’ volumetric concentration and temperature on the rheological properties were studied. All experiments were performed under temperatures ranging from 25 to 50 °C in the solid volume concentration range of 0.5–0.00005%. The data optimization technique was adopted using the Taguchi method. The types of nanomaterials, concentration, temperature, and shear rate were chosen to optimize the viscosity and shear stress. The effect of shear stress, angular sweep, frequency sweep, and damping factor ratio is plotted. The experimental results demonstrated that the rheological properties of the ternary hybrid nanofluid depend on the ternary hybrid nanofluid’s temperature. The viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNf) change by 40% for GO-TiO2-Ag and 33% for rGO-TiO2-Ag when temperature and shear rates are increased. All the ternary hybrid nanofluids demonstrated non-Newtonian behavior at lower concentrations and higher shear stress, suggesting a potential influence of nanoparticle aggregation on the viscosity. The dynamic viscosity of ternary hybrid nanofluid increased with enhancing solid particles’ volume concentration and temperature.
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Ahmed, Asmaa, Hasan Baig, Senthilarasu Sundaram, and Tapas K. Mallick. "Use of Nanofluids in Solar PV/Thermal Systems." International Journal of Photoenergy 2019 (June 16, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8039129.
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The continuous growth in the energy demand across the globe due to the booming population, in addition to the harmful effects of the fossil fuels on the environment, has made it essential to harness renewable energy via different technologies and convert it to electricity. The potential of solar energy still remains untapped although it has several advantages particularly that it is a clean source to generate both electricity and heat. Concentrating sunlight is an effective way to generate higher throughput per unit area of the absorber material used. The heat extraction mechanisms and the fluids used in solar thermal systems are key towards unlocking higher efficiencies of solar thermal systems. Nanofluids can play a crucial role in the development of these technologies. This review is aimed at presenting the recent studies dealing with cooling the photovoltaic thermal (PVT), concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT), and other solar systems using nanofluids. In addition, the article considers the definition of nanofluids, nanoparticle types, nanofluid preparation methods, and thermophysical properties of the most common nanoparticles and base fluids. Moreover, the major factors which affect the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity according to the literature will be reviewed.
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Prakash, Shaurya, Marie Pinti, and Bharat Bhushan. "Theory, fabrication and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic biosensors." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 370, no. 1967 (May 28, 2012): 2269–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0498.
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Biosensors are a broad array of devices that detect the type and amount of a biological species or biomolecule. Several different types of biosensors have been developed that rely on changes to mechanical, chemical or electrical properties of the transduction or sensing element to induce a measurable signal. Often, a biosensor will integrate several functions or unit operations such as sample extraction, manipulation and detection on a single platform. This review begins with an overview of the current state-of-the-art biosensor field. Next, the review delves into a special class of biosensors that rely on microfluidics and nanofluidics by presenting the underlying theory, fabrication and several examples and applications of microfluidic and nanofluidic sensors.
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Muhammad Arif Harun and Nor Azwadi Che Sidik. "Thermal Conductivity-Based Optimisation of Surfactant on Hybrid Nanofluid." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 98, no. 1 (September 19, 2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.98.1.7381.
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A surfactant is an efficient approach for increasing the stability of nanofluids. However, excessive surfactant degrades the hybrid nanofluid's outstanding thermal conductivity. Additionally, there was only a little research on optimising the amount of surfactant used in nanofluids depending on their thermal conductivity. As a result, it is critical to ensure that the created nanofluid is stable without impairing thermal conductivity. The optimisation was carried out in this study utilising Design Expert 11. Surfactant ratios and the mixing ratio of hybrid nanofluid were employed as variables, while thermal conductivity was used as the response. Additionally, the concentration and temperature of the hybrid nanofluid remained constant at 0.5 vol% and 40 °C, respectively. The results indicate that a 1:10 ratio of surfactant to TiO2 is the optimal proportion for the generated TiO2-GNP hybrid nanofluid. The correct amount of surfactant results in a hybrid nanofluid with high thermal conductivity and good stability.
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Tetuko, Anggito P., Lukman F. Nurdiyansah, Nining S. Asri, Eko A. Setiadi, Achmad Maulana S. Sebayang, Masno Ginting, and Perdamean Sebayang. "Experimental Investigations and Analytical Models of Water-Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanofluids for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Cooling Application." Journal of Nanofluids 12, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 487–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jon.2023.1904.
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Water magnetite nanofluids for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cell cooling application have been investigated. Nanofluid of water-magnetite (Fe3O4) has been synthesized using a two-step method. The particle size and its distribution, the stability and thermal conductivity of the nanofluid were characterized. The nanofluid is stable after 90 days (zeta potential value of 32.11 mV), and the measured thermal conductivity of the nanofluid at ambient temperature is 0.60 W/m.°C. The particles and nanofluid characterizations were used as the parameters in the analytical model to investigate the effect of particle diameter and volume fraction to the thermal conductivity of nanofluid and heat transfer in the PEM fuel cell. The analytical model suggested that the PEM fuel cell could produces an output power of 100 W and the heat that needs to be removed (cooling load) of 180 W, where 1×10−3 kg/s of nanofluid is required. The analytical model that used a particle diameter of 120 nm produces similar nanofluid’s thermal conductivity of 0.6 W/m.°C as the measurement. Less diameter particle improves the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity value. Higher volume fraction of 0.25 could enhances the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity value to 0.61 W/m.°C.
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Hibst, Nicolas, Annina M. Steinbach, and Steffen Strehle. "Fluidic and Electronic Transport in Silicon Nanotube Biosensors." MRS Advances 1, no. 56 (2016): 3761–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.330.
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ABSTRACTSilicon nanotubes (SiNTs) represent unique building blocks for future nanoscale biosensor devices merging electronic sensing and nanofluidics. Configured as ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs), SiNTs have great potential for charge sensing or label-free chemical detection in minute sample volumes flowing through their inner cavity. In the present study, doped SiNTs were synthesized from the gas phase in a bottom-up approach. To study their nanofluidic and electronic transport properties, single SiNTs were functionally integrated as ISFETs and coupled to a microfluidic system. The experimental results for ion diffusion through a SiNT are in full agreement with numerical calculations based on Fick's second law if a diffusion coefficient is assumed approximately one order of magnitude smaller than the bulk value.
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BRUECK, S. R. J. "LARGE AREA NANOSCALE PATTERNING BY INTERFEROMETRIC LITHOGRAPHY – NANOPHOTONICS AND NANOFLUIDICS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 18, no. 04 (December 2008): 889–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156408005850.
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Interferometric lithography offers a facile, inexpensive, large-area fabrication capability for the formation of large areas of nanoscale periodic features. A self-aligned frequency doubling process to a 22-nm half-pitch is demonstrated. Many investigations of nanoscale phenomena require large-area samples, both for scientific investigations and certainly for ultimate large-scale applications. The utility of interferometric lithography is demonstrated to applications in nanophotonics and nanofluidics. For nanophotonics, metamaterial fabrication, negative index metamaterials and plasmonic applications are discussed. Two approaches to the fabrication of nanofluidic structures: etching and oxidation of silicon substrates, and colloidal deposition of silica nanoparticles to form porous walls and roofs followed by calcination to remove the photoresist and sinter the particles. These later structures have evident biomimetic functionality.
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Mohd Mokhtar, Nurul Afiqah, Hoe Guan Beh, and Kean Chuan Lee. "The Potential Application of MnZn Ferrite Nanofluids for Wettability Alteration and Oil-Water Interfacial Tension Reduction." Crystals 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120626.
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Recently, a non-invasive method of injecting magnetic/dielectric nanofluids into the oil reservoir was used for oil recovery application. The use of magnetic nanofluids in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) has been reported to improve oil recovery. It is believed that the magnetic properties of nanoparticles (NPs) have a direct influence on the viscosity and wettability of nanofluid, and on oil-water interfacial tension (IFT). Thus, Mn0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (MnZn) ferrites may be a good candidate to be used in nanofluids for wettability alteration and oil-water IFT reduction due to their excellent magnetic properties, such as a high initial permeability and low magnetic losses. Therefore, this work investigated the potential of MnZn ferrite NPs to alter viscosity, wettability, and oil-water IFT. MnZn Ferrite NPs have been synthesized by a sol-gel auto-combustion process. The effects of calcination temperature varying from 300 °C to 700 °C on the phase formation, microstructures such as surface morphology, and magnetic characterizations were studied. MnZn ferrite nanofluids were prepared using synthesized MnZn NPs that dispersed into brine along with sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) as a dispersant, and their effects on the wettability and oil-water IFT were studied. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that MnZn ferrite calcined at 300 °C and 400 °C were single phase. The average crystallite size calculated through Scherrer’s equation differed from 32.0 to 87.96 nm. The results showed that the nanofluid with MnZn particles calcined at 300 °C is the best nanofluid in terms of IFT reduction and base nanofluid’s wettability alteration. Moreover, the overall results proved that nanofluid with MnZn ferrite NPs can alter the wettability of base nanofluid, oil-nanofluid IFT, and nanofluid viscosity. This study provides insights towards a better understanding of the potential application of MnZn Ferrite nanofluids to Wettability Alteration and IFT Reduction in Enhanced Oil Recovery.
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Robin, Paul, Nikita Kavokine, and Lydéric Bocquet. "Modeling of emergent memory and voltage spiking in ionic transport through angstrom-scale slits." Science 373, no. 6555 (August 5, 2021): 687–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abf7923.
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Recent advances in nanofluidics have enabled the confinement of water down to a single molecular layer. Such monolayer electrolytes show promise in achieving bioinspired functionalities through molecular control of ion transport. However, the understanding of ion dynamics in these systems is still scarce. Here, we develop an analytical theory, backed up by molecular dynamics simulations, that predicts strongly nonlinear effects in ion transport across quasi–two-dimensional slits. We show that under an electric field, ions assemble into elongated clusters, whose slow dynamics result in hysteretic conduction. This phenomenon, known as the memristor effect, can be harnessed to build an elementary neuron. As a proof of concept, we carry out molecular simulations of two nanofluidic slits that reproduce the Hodgkin-Huxley model and observe spontaneous emission of voltage spikes characteristic of neuromorphic activity.
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Kavokine, Nikita, Roland R. Netz, and Lydéric Bocquet. "Fluids at the Nanoscale: From Continuum to Subcontinuum Transport." Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 53, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 377–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-fluid-071320-095958.
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Nanofluidics has firmly established itself as a new field in fluid mechanics, as novel properties have been shown to emerge in fluids at the nanometric scale. Thanks to recent developments in fabrication technology, artificial nanofluidic systems are now being designed at the scale of biological nanopores. This ultimate step in scale reduction has pushed the development of new experimental techniques and new theoretical tools, bridging fluid mechanics, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter physics. This review is intended as a toolbox for fluids at the nanometer scale. After presenting the basic equations that govern fluid behavior in the continuum limit, we show how these equations break down and new properties emerge in molecular-scale confinement. A large number of analytical estimates and physical arguments are given to organize the results and different limits.
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Bakthavatchalam, Balaji, Khairul Habib, R. Saidur, Nagoor Basha Shaik, and Turnad Lenggo Ginta. "Analysis of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Porosimetry And Their Thermal Conductivity with Ionic Liquid-Based Solvents." Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 77, no. 2 (November 14, 2020): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.77.2.6375.
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The suspension of nanoparticles with common heat transfer fluids like Ethylene glycol and water yields nanofluid exhibits superior thermal properties than their host fluids. Ionic liquids have the potential to demonstrate remarkable thermophysical properties (especially thermal conductivity) that ordinary nanofluids cannot achieve. On the other hand, the quantity and structure of nanoparticles porosity affects the nanofluid’s thermal conductivity considerably. Various investigations have revealed the improved thermophysical characteristicts of Multiwalled Carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanofluids containing common solvents or base fluids. However, only limited studies are available on the impact of thermal conductivity in Ionic liquid-based nanofluids (Ionanofluids) owing to their high cost and viscosity. Ultrasonication technique is employed in preparing the three different Ionanofluids containing 0.5 Wt.% via the two-step method to achieve a greater stability and thermal conductivity without utilizing surfactants. Experimental investigations are performed to boost the thermal conductivity of MWCNT/Propylene glycol nanofluid using 1,3-dimethyl imidazolium dimethyl phosphate [Mmim][DMP], 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium octyl sulfate [Emim][OSO4] and 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium diethyl phosphate [Emim][DEP] at a temperature ranging from 295 K to 355 K. The acquired results illustrated that the thermal conductivity of MWCNT Ionanofluids incorporated with [Mmim][DMP], [Emim][OSO4] and [Emim][DEP] increased by 37.5%, 5% and 2% respectively. This unique class of Ionanofluids shows incredible capacity for use in high temperature applications as conventional heat transfer fluids.
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Morikawa, Kyojiro, Ryoichi Ohta, Kazuma Mawatari, and Takehiko Kitamori. "Metal-Free Fabrication of Fused Silica Extended Nanofluidic Channel to Remove Artifacts in Chemical Analysis." Micromachines 12, no. 8 (July 31, 2021): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12080917.
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In microfluidics, especially in nanofluidics, nanochannels with functionalized surfaces have recently attracted attention for use as a new tool for the investigation of chemical reaction fields. Molecules handled in the reaction field can reach the single–molecule level due to the small size of the nanochannel. In such surroundings, contamination of the channel surface should be removed at the single–molecule level. In this study, it was assumed that metal materials could contaminate the nanochannels during the fabrication processes; therefore, we aimed to develop metal-free fabrication processes. Fused silica channels 1000 nm-deep were conventionally fabricated using a chromium mask. Instead of chromium, electron beam resists more than 1000 nm thick were used and the lithography conditions were optimized. From the results of optimization, channels with 1000 nm scale width and depth were fabricated on fused silica substrates without the use of a chromium mask. In nanofluidic experiments, an oxidation reaction was observed in a device fabricated by conventional fabrication processes using a chromium mask. It was found that Cr6+ remained on the channel surfaces and reacted with chemicals in the liquid phase in the extended nanochannels; this effect occurred at least to the micromolar level. In contrast, the device fabricated with metal-free processes was free of artifacts induced by the presence of chromium. The developed fabrication processes and results of this study will be a significant contribution to the fundamental technologies employed in the fields of microfluidics and nanofluidics.
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Wang, Ruifei, Jin Chai, Bobo Luo, Xiong Liu, Jianting Zhang, Min Wu, Mingdan Wei, and Zhuanyue Ma. "A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 12 (November 17, 2021): 1237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.12.91.
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The slip boundary condition for nanoflows is a key component of nanohydrodynamics theory, and can play a significant role in the design and fabrication of nanofluidic devices. In this review, focused on the slip boundary conditions for nanoconfined liquid flows, we firstly summarize some basic concepts about slip length including its definition and categories. Then, the effects of different interfacial properties on slip length are analyzed. On strong hydrophilic surfaces, a negative slip length exists and varies with the external driving force. In addition, depending on whether there is a true slip length, the amplitude of surface roughness has different influences on the effective slip length. The composition of surface textures, including isotropic and anisotropic textures, can also affect the effective slip length. Finally, potential applications of nanofluidics with a tunable slip length are discussed and future directions related to slip boundary conditions for nanoscale flow systems are addressed.
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Pezzuoli, Denise, Elena Angeli, Diego Repetto, Francesca Ferrera, Patrizia Guida, Giuseppe Firpo, and Luca Repetto. "Nanofluidic-Based Accumulation of Antigens for Miniaturized Immunoassay." Sensors 20, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20061615.
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The continuous advances of Nanofluidics have been stimulating the development of novel nanostructures and strategies to accumulate very diluted analytes, for implementing a new class of high sensitivity miniaturized polymeric sensors. We take advantage of the electrokinetic properties of these structures, which allow accumulating analytes inside asymmetric microfluidic structures to implement miniaturized sensors able to detect diluted solutions down to nearly 1.2 pg/mL. In particular, exploiting polydimethylsiloxane devices, fabricated by using the junction gap breakdown technique, we concentrate antigens inside a thin microfunnel functionalized with specific antibodies to favor the interaction and, if it is the case, the recognition between antigens in solution and antibodies anchored to the surface. The transduction mechanism consists in detecting the fluorescence signal of labeled avidin when it binds to biotinylated antigens. Here, we demonstrate that exploiting these electrokinetic phenomena, typical of nanofluidic structures, we succeeded in concentrating biomolecules in correspondence of a 1 pL sensing region, a strategy that grants to the device performance comparable to standard immunoassays.
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Kirby, Brian J. "Nanofluidics." Materials Today 12, no. 5 (May 2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(09)70163-4.
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Eijkel, Jan. "Nanofluidics." Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 394, no. 2 (March 15, 2009): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00216-009-2723-y.
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Hussain, Azad, Qusain Haider, Aysha Rehman, M. Y. Malik, Sohail Nadeem, and Shafiq Hussain. "Heat Transport Improvement and Three-Dimensional Rotating Cone Flow of Hybrid-Based Nanofluid." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (October 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6633468.
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The current research aims to study the mixed convection of a hybrid-based nanofluid consisting of ethylene glycol-water, copper (II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) in a vertical cone. A hybrid base blend model is used to examine the nanofluid’s hydrostatic and thermal behaviors over a diverse range of Reynolds numbers. The application of mixed nanoparticles rather than simple nanoparticles is one of the most imperative things in increasing the heat flow of the fluids. To test such a flow sector, for the very first time, a hybrid-based mixture model was introduced. Also, the mixture framework is a single-phase model formulation, which was used extensively for heat transfer with nanofluids. Comparison of computed values with the experimental values is presented between two models (i.e., the model of a mixture with the model of a single-phase). The natural convection within the liquid phase of phase change material is considered through the liquid fraction dependence of the thermal conductivity. The predicted results of the current model are also compared with the literature; for numerical results, the bvp4c algorithm is used to quantify the effects of nanoparticle volume fraction diffusion on the continuity, momentum, and energy equations using the viscous model for convective heat transfer in nanofluids. Expressions for velocity and temperature fields are presented. Also, the expressions for skin frictions, shear strain, and Nusselt number are obtained. The effects of involved physical parameters (e.g., Prandtl number, angular velocity ratio, buoyancy ratio, and unsteady parameter) are examined through graphs and tables.
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Hansen, Jesper S., Jeppe C. Dyre, Peter Daivis, Billy D. Todd, and Henrik Bruus. "Continuum Nanofluidics." Langmuir 31, no. 49 (October 12, 2015): 13275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b02237.
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Gao, J., A. R. Koltonow, K. Raidongia, B. Beckerman, N. Boon, E. Luijten, M. Olvera de la Cruz, and J. Huang. "Kirigami nanofluidics." Materials Chemistry Frontiers 2, no. 3 (2018): 475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7qm00620a.
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Jang, Seok-Pil. "Thermal Conductivities of Nanofluids." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 28, no. 8 (August 1, 2004): 968–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2004.28.8.968.
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Navilan, D. "Photothermal Boiling in Aqueous Nanofluids." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development Volume-2, Issue-5 (August 31, 2018): 1611–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd17114.
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Rahimah Mahat, Muhammad Saqib, Imran Ulah, Sharidan Shafie, and Sharena Mohamad Isa. "Magnetohydrodynamics Mixed Convection of Viscoelastic Nanofluid Past a Circular Cylinder with Constant Heat Flux." CFD Letters 14, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/cfdl.14.9.5259.
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A mathematical model for viscoelastic nanofluid flow approaching a linear horizontal circular cylinder in magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) has been developed. In the analysis, the cylinder with a constant heat flux is shown with a magnetic field. In this research, we employed the Tiwari and Das Nanofluid model to learn more about the impacts of nanofluids, and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose containing copper (Cu) nanoparticles was used as the base fluid. Dimensional linear equations are converted into dimensionless expressions using the appropriate transformations. The Keller box technique approach is used to handle the governing dimensionless concerns. Investigations are conducted on how a select few parameters affect flow and heat transfer. It includes and analyses the skin friction and heat transfer coefficients. When the obtained results are compared to the available data in the limiting situation, there is a great deal of congruence. It was discovered that the viscoelastic nanofluid's velocity, temperature, skin friction, and heat transfer coefficients heavily depend on the viscosity and thermal conductivity combined with the magnetic field and nanoparticles volume fraction.
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E, Titovets. "Novel Computational Model of the Brain Water Metabolism: Introducing an Interdisciplinary Approach." Journal of Computational Systems Biology 3, no. 1 (December 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15744/2455-7625.3.102.
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Brain water metabolism ensures the processes of cellular communication, transit of the signaling molecules, neurotransmitters, cytokines and substrates, participates in the clearance of pathogenic metabolites. Many neurological conditions that present serious clinical problems arise from altered fluid flow (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease, idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus, migraine, traumatic brain injury and stroke). At present, the orthodox theory fails to explain the accumulated experimental evidence and clinical data on the brain water metabolism. Modeling becomes an important approach to testing current theories and developing new working mechanisms. A novel computational model of brain water metabolism has been developed and explored. Using an interdisciplinary approach the long-recognized nanodimentionality of the brain interstitial space is now viewed as a nanofluidic domain with the fluid flow there governed by the slip-flow principles of nanofluidics. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) of the astrocyte endfeet membranes ensures kinetic control over water movement across the blood-brain barrier. The pulsatory intracranial pressure presents the driving force behind the transcapillary water flow. The model demonstrates good predictability in respect to some physiological features of brain water metabolism and relevance in explaining clinical conditions. The model may find its use in neurobiological research, development of the AQP4-targeted drug therapy, optimization of the intrathecal drug delivery to the brain tumours, in a research on a broad spectrum of water-metabolic-disorder-related conditions.
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Kazoe, Yutaka, and Yan Xu. "Advances in Nanofluidics." Micromachines 12, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12040427.
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Recently, a new frontier in fluid science and engineering at the 1 to 1000 nm scale, called nanofluidics, has developed and provided new methodologies and applications to the fields of chemistry, biology, material sciences, bioengineering, medicine, drug discovery, energy, and environmental engineering [...]