Статті в журналах: "NANOFILLER MATERIAL"

1

Budiyantoro, Cahyo. "The Influence of Nano Filler on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polypropylene." Materials Science Forum 929 (August 2018): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.929.78.

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In order to obtain specific properties in the commercial and engineering applications, PP materials are often combined with additives. Filler is one of solid additive type that made of inorganic materials and is generally distinguished by its influence on the mechanical properties of the resulting mixture with the plastic matrix. Filler dimension less than 100 nm is often categorized as a nanofiller and added to plastics with the range of percentage from 1% up to 10%. Various studies have been conducted to know the influence of filler on mechanical properties, but this study is also conducted to investigate the effect of nanofillers on thermal properties of PP material. Thermal properties are very important to know from the stage of design, processing until the end use final product. Most plastic products are made in soft or liquid condition, the melting temperature (melting temperature, Tm) becomes the basis of the processing parameter adjustment. Investigations done by comparing the thermal properties of commercial copolymer PP material (virgin material and injection molding specimen) and PP materials containing nanofiller (virgin material and injection molding specimen) by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), while data of mechanical properties was obtained by the tensile test. Both 1st heating and 2nd heating DSC Experiment showed that nanofilled PP need the highest endothermic effect (2.63 W/g and 1.79 W/g), but nanofiller gave no effect on melting temperature to all type of specimens (in the range of 164.3 – 166.3 °C). The elastic modulus of nanofilled PP was around 1486 Mpa, higher than non-filled PP (999 Mpa).

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2

Ibrahim, Mohamed E., M. Osama Abed el-Raouf, and Nourhan A. Mohamed. "Towards a Generalized Electric Breakdown Mechanism of Insulating Nanofluids." Nano Hybrids and Composites 36 (June 20, 2022): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-jj4qou.

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Recently, addition of nanofillers to insulating fluids to increase its breakdown voltage finds a great interest from researchers. Understanding the reasons of the increased breakdown voltage with addition of nanofillers at certain loadings to insulating fluids is of great importance. Hence, understanding how electric breakdown occurs in nanofluids can help researchers to select the more suitable nanofiller material, nanofiller particle size ....... etc. to be added to insulating fluids. Therefore, in this paper, a generalized electric breakdown mechanism of insulating nanofluids is presented. The generalized mechanism takes different parameters into consideration. These parameters are nanoparticle permittivity, nanoparticle size and insulating fluid temperature. To demonstrate the validity of the generalized breakdown mechanism, theoretical computations are carried out using finite element analysis. Also, breakdown experiments considering transformer oil are carried out considering different nanofiller materials, nanofiller sizes at different temperatures.

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3

Fang, Xin, Jinjin Rong, Yilin Deng, and Moon-Hwan Jee. "Research on Processing Technology Product Design and the Application of Nano-Wood-Plastic Composite Materials." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 7787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2020.18881.

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This study focused on the design of wood-plastic composite (WPC) products. In this study, recycled high-density polyethylene plastic was used as the matrix, wood powder was used as the filler, different types of nanofillers and self-synthesized nanofiller treatment agents were added, and the twin-screw extrusion granulation method was used to prepare nano-WPC materials. The effects of different types of nanofillers on the mechanical properties of nano-WPC materials were investigated, and the cross-sectional structures of the materials were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that nanofiller treatment agents improved the interface compatibility of the materials. When the treatment agent content reached 2.5% and the nano-montmorillonite content reached 10%, the mechanical properties of the material reach their maximum values.

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4

Krishnan, Arun, and L. Roy Xu. "A Simple Effective Flaw Model on Analyzing the Nanofiller Agglomeration Effect of Nanocomposite Materials." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/483093.

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A special mechanics/material phenomenon involving nanocomposites is the agglomeration of nanofillers at high volume fractions of nanofillers. Numerous experimental investigations on nanocomposites have indicated a significant decrease in mechanical properties, due to the agglomeration of nanofillers. This paper describes a simple effective flaw model to correlate the local mechanical behavior of agglomerated nanoparticles with the change in global strengths of nanocomposites. The estimated bending strength reduction from our model is shown to be similar to experimental results reported by previous researchers. These results can be used as a guide for future nanocomposite design and development. Future nanomaterial manufacturing should be focused on eliminating the largest agglomerates, rather than limiting the nanofiller volume fraction. Meanwhile, by reducing the nanofiller agglomerate size, we expect that a high critical nanofiller volume fraction could be obtained to delay the mechanical property reduction.

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5

Ibrahim, Mohamed E., Elsayed Tag Eldin, Safaa F. Elzoghby, Mohamed A. Izzularab, and Amr M. Abd-Elhady. "The Role of the Accumulated Surface Charge on Nanoparticles in Improving the Breakdown Strength of Liquid and Solid Insulation." Energies 15, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 4860. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15134860.

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In this paper, the role of the accumulated surface charge on the surfaces of nanoparticles on breakdown strength for liquid and solid dielectrics is presented. The breakdown strengths of a nanofilled liquid dielectric and a solid dielectric are evaluated. The evaluation was conducted considering different nanoparticle material types with different nanofiller loadings. Accordingly, the preparation of transformer oil nanofluid and silicone rubber nanocomposites was performed with different nanofillers of the same average particle size. Breakdown voltage was measured for all the prepared samples, both liquid and solid. The interpretation of the obtained results is presented.

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6

Nawawi, Zainuddin, R. F. Kurnia, N. F. A. Isa, Z. Buntat, D. R. Yuniarti, M. I. Jambak, and Muhammad Abu Bakar Sidik. "Electrical Potential Distribution in Polymethyl Methacrylate-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i2.pp256-262.

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Research work of polymer nanocomposites in high voltage insulator becomes interest nowadays. Polymer based and nanofillers are the core components in polymer nanocomposites. By adding such a big amount of nanofiller it would enhance the electrical and mechanical properties of polymers. However as for today, a little percentage of nanofiller concentration could dramatically enhanced the properties of the polymeric material. Recent research of graphene oxide (GO) nanofiller has brought to this project interest. This paper presents several methods that have been published to development PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate)/GO nanocomposites and a simulation of PMMA/GO in order to investigate the potential distribution.

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7

Abdul Razak, Nurul Iman, Noor Izyan Syazana Mohd Yusoff, Mohd Hafizi Ahmad, Muzafar Zulkifli, and Mat Uzir Wahit. "Dielectric, Mechanical, and Thermal Properties of Crosslinked Polyethylene Nanocomposite with Hybrid Nanofillers." Polymers 15, no. 7 (March 29, 2023): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15071702.

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Crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) nanocomposite has superior insulation performance due to its excellent dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties. The incorporation of nano-sized fillers drastically improved these properties in XLPE matrix due to the reinforcing effect of interfacial region between the XLPE–nanofillers. Good interfacial strength can be further improved by introducing a hybrid system nanofiller as a result of synergistic interaction between the nanofiller relative to a single filler system. Another factor affecting interfacial strength is the amount of hybrid nanofiller. Therefore, the incorporation amount of hybridising layered double hydroxide (LDH) with aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanofiller into the XLPE matrix was investigated. Herein, the influence of hybrid nanofiller content and the 1:1 ratio of LDH to Al2O3 on the dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposite was studied. The structure and morphology of the XLPE/LDH-Al2O3 nanocomposites revealed that the hybridisation of nanofiller improved the dispersion state. The dielectric, mechanical, and thermal properties, including partial discharge resistance, AC breakdown strength, and tensile properties (tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break) were enhanced since it was influenced by the synergetic effect of the LDH-Al2O3 nanofiller. These properties were increased at optimal value of 0.8 wt.% before decreasing with increasing hybrid nanofiller. It was found that the value of PD magnitude improvement went down to 47.8% and AC breakdown strength increased by 15.6% as compared to pure XLPE. The mechanical properties were enhanced by 14.4%, 31.7%, and 23% for tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and elongation at break, respectively. Of note, the hybridisation of nanofillers opens a new perspective in developing insulating material based on XLPE nanocomposite.

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8

Sundarakannan, R., K. Balamurugan, Y. Jyothi, V. Arumugaprabu, Thanikodi Sathish, Z. Mahmoud, El Sayed Yousef, Dadapeer Basheer, and Saboor Shaik. "Importance of Fiber-/Nanofiller-Based Polymer Composites in Mechanical and Erosion Performance: A Review." Journal of Nanomaterials 2023 (February 8, 2023): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3528977.

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The addition of nanofillers in the polymer matrix composites (PMC) has shown a considerable improvement in the mechanical properties and acts as a suitable replacement material. Among the various properties, erosion studies play a key role in the establishment of new materials in engineering applications irrespective of material properties. This paper primarily focus on mechanical properties of PMC and provides a view of the erosion studies conducted on various PMC that are reinforced with natural fibers and nanofillers. The study related to natural fiber as secondary reinforcement and nanofiller as primary reinforcement is taken into consideration. The natural fibers such as sisal-, pineapple-, jute-, bamboo-, banana-based polymer composites and their improvement in mechanical properties by the addition of various fillers are compared and reported. From the survey, it was noticed that the incorporation of nanofillers with natural fiber and polymers provides an acceptable range of material behavior. Being the natural fiber and its proper surface treatment enhance erosion resistance behavior.

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9

Tonprasong, Watcharapong, Masanao Inokoshi, Muneaki Tamura, Motohiro Uo, Takahiro Wada, Rena Takahashi, Keita Hatano, Makoto Shimizubata, and Shunsuke Minakuchi. "Tissue Conditioner Incorporating a Nano-Sized Surface Pre-Reacted Glass-Ionomer (S-PRG) Filler." Materials 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2021): 6648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14216648.

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We aimed to evaluate the properties of a novel tissue conditioner containing a surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) nanofiller. Tissue conditioners containing 0 (control), 2.5, 5, 10, 20, or 30 wt% S-PRG nanofiller or 10 or 20 wt% S-PRG microfiller were prepared. The S-PRG nanofillers and microfillers were observed using scanning electron microscopy. The ion release, acid buffering capacity, detail reproduction, consistency, Shore A0 hardness, surface roughness, and Candida albicans adhesion of the tissue conditioners were examined. The results indicated that the nanofiller particles were smaller and more homogeneous in size than the microfiller particles. In addition, Al, B, F, and Sr ions eluted from S-PRG were generally found to decrease after 1 day. Acid neutralization was confirmed in a concentration-dependent manner. The mechanical properties of tissue conditioners containing S-PRG nanofiller were clinically acceptable according to ISO standard 10139-1:2018, although the surface roughness increased with increasing filler content. Conditioners with 5–30 wt% nanofiller had a sublethal effect on C. albicans and reduced fungal adhesion in vitro. In summary, tissue conditioner containing at least 5 wt% S-PRG nanofiller can reduce C. albicans adhesion and has potential as an alternative soft lining material.

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10

Lanna, Aunnuda, Montri Suklueng, Chainuson Kasagepongsan, and Sunisa Suchat. "Performance of Novel Engineered Materials from Epoxy Resin with Modified Epoxidized Natural Rubber and Nanocellulose or Nanosilica." Advances in Polymer Technology 2020 (January 10, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2123836.

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Performance of new engineered material from epoxy resins with modified epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) and nanofillers were investigated. ENR from renewable natural crop resources is a type of green material with potential to partially substitute or replace and toughen petrochemical-based polymers. Nanocomposites (epoxy resin/ENR/fillers nanoparticles) were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), atomic force microscope (AFM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Comparison of characterized and mechanical properties of nanofiller reinforced with both nanocellulose and nanosilica were studied. The nanocomposites were characterized for their mechanical properties (e.g., impact strength, tensile strength) and thermal degradation behaviour by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Mechanical property investigation results show that, the impact strength of nanocomposites, can be improved by blending in ENR 50 mixed with nanofiller, relative to the baseline nanocomposite mixers. The nanofiller loading in epoxy composite showed the highest improvement in mechanical properties at 0.75 phr (parts per hundred of resin). Effects of accelerated weathering aging were evaluated, and the observed changes were larger with nanosilica than with nanocellulose filler. Here, the accelerated aging increase in tensile properties was found to be 10% after 14 days in both nanofillers, while the other mechanical properties did not change significantly. These nanocomposites are expected to have high wear rates limiting their service life.

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11

Hoang, Anh T., Yuriy V. Serdyuk, and Stanislaw M. Gubanski. "Charging and Discharge Currents in Low-Density Polyethylene and its Nanocomposite." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2020): 1518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061518.

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Charging and discharge currents measured in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and LDPE/Al2O3 nanocomposite are analyzed. The experiments were conducted at temperatures of 40–80 °C utilizing a consecutive charging–discharging procedure, with the charging step at electric fields varying between 20 and 60 kV/mm. A quasi-steady state of the charging currents was earlier observed for the nanofilled specimens and it was attributed to the enhanced trapping process at polymer–nanofiller interfaces. An anomalous behavior of the discharge currents was found at elevated temperatures for both the studied materials and its occurrence at lower temperatures in the nanofilled LDPE was due to the presence of deeply trapped charges at polymer–nanofiller interfaces. The field dependence of the quasi-steady charging currents is examined by testing for different conduction mechanisms. It is shown that the space-charge-limited process is dominant and the average trap site separation is estimated at less than 2 nm for the pristine LDPE and it is at about 5–7 nm for the LDPE/Al2O3 nanocomposite. Also, location of the trapping sites in the band gap structure of the nanofilled material is altered, which substantially weakens electrical transport as compared to the unfilled counterpart.

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12

van den Berg, Thorsten, and Mathias Ulbricht. "Polymer Nanocomposite Ultrafiltration Membranes: The Influence of Polymeric Additive, Dispersion Quality and Particle Modification on the Integration of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles into Polyvinylidene Difluoride Membranes." Membranes 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes10090197.

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This study aims to improve the understanding of the influence of metal oxide nanofillers on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltration membranes. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were chosen as the model filler material. The membranes were prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation from PVDF solutions in N-methylpyrrolidone. The influences of the addition of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), the nanoparticle dispersion quality, and a surface modification of the ZnO particles with PVP on the nanofiller integration into the polymer matrix and the resulting membrane separation performance, were evaluated. Unmodified and PVP-modified nanoparticles were characterized by evaluation of their Hansen solubility parameters. The membranes were characterized by ultrafiltration experiments, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with respect to mechanical properties, while the dope solutions were analyzed by rheology in order to judge about dispersion quality. Pure water permeability and solute rejection data revealed that the dominant effect of the addition of pristine ZnO nanoparticles was a major decrease in permeability caused by pore blocking. In SEM analyses, it was seen that the plain nanofiller did not integrate well into the polymer matrix. Importantly, it was found that the surface modification of the nanofiller, as well as a high dispersion quality, can be strategically used to enhance the integration of the nanofiller and thus suppress pore blocking, leading to membranes with high ultrafiltration rejection and permeability simultaneously. Overall, the study provides relevant insights into a new approach to integrating nanofillers into polymer nanocomposite membranes for improving their properties and performance.

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13

Sundari, Iin, Viona Diansari, and Niska Darlianti. "Study of microleakage in dental enamel using nanofillers composite resin restoration with total-etch and self-etch adhesive." Journal of Syiah Kuala Dentistry Society 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jds.v5i1.18423.

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Microleakage is a poor marginal adaptation of the restoration, often found between cavity and restoration material. One of the reasons is the shrinkage during the composite resin during polymerization, causing the restoration’s adaption disturbed. Application of adhesive material on the cavity affects microleakage at the margin restoration and increases the adaptation between cavity and restoration material. This research aims to determine microleakage in dental enamel using nanofiller composite resin restoration with fifth-generation total-etch adhesive and eight-generation self-etch adhesive. This research used 16 specimens premolars, which were prepared cavity Class I G.V. Black and divided into two groups (group A and B). Group A used nanofiller composite resin FiltekTM Z350 + fifth-generation total-etch Adper Single Bond 2 (n=8), group B used nanofiller composite resin Filtek TM Z350 + eight-generation self-etch Universal Single Bond Adper (n=8). The specimen isolated using nail polish except in the work area.,then immersed in methylene blue 1% at 25°C (for 24 hours). After that, all specimens were washed and cut longitudinally. The results were observed using a Stereomicroscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The observation’s results showed that the amount number of microleakage in group A (75%) less than in group B (100%), while the non-parametric statistic test using the Mann Whitney showed no significant differences (p0.143). Based on SEM images, the average distance between enamel and composite resin with total-etch adhesive was 1.40 ± 0.007µm, and 1.84 ± 0.509 µm for resin composite with self-etch adhesive. This research concluded that microleakage using nanofiller composite with the fifth-generation total-etch adhesive was smaller than nanofiller composite resin with the eighth -generation self-etch adhesive.KEYWORDS: Adhesive system, nanofillers composite resin, microleakage, enamel

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14

Ramani, A. N., A. M. Ariffin, Gobinath Vijian, and Ahmad Basri Abd Ghani. "The Effects of Nano Fillers on Space Charge Distribution in Cross-Linked Polyethylene." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 3147. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3147-3152.

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The performance of polymeric insulation will be distorted by the accumulation of space charge. This will lead to local electric field enhancement within the insulation material that can cause degradation and electrical breakdown. The introduction of nanofillers in the insulation material is expected to reduce the space charge effect. However, there is a need to analyze potential nanofillers to determine the best option. Therefore, the objective of this research work is to examine two types of nanofillers for Cross-Linked Polyethylene (XLPE); Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Acrylic (PA40). The effects of these nanofillers were measured using the Pulsed-Electro Acoustic (PEA) method. The development of space charge is observed at three different DC voltage levels in room temperature. The results show that hetero charge distribution is dominant in pure XLPE materials. The use of both nanofiller types have significant effect in decreasing the space charge accumulation. With nanofillers, the charge profile changed to homo-charge distribution, suppressing the space charge formation. Comparison between both the nanofillers show that PA40 has better suppression performance than ZnO.

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15

Yandrapu, Sagar, Pavan Kumar Gangineni, Soubhik De, Bankim Chandra Ray, and Rajesh Kumar Prusty. "Effect of Bath Concentration during Electrophoretic Deposition on the Interfacial Behaviour of Hybrid CFRP Composites." Materials Science Forum 978 (February 2020): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.978.304.

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Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites a perfect structural material due to their outstanding malleable strength, great rigidity, light mass and pronounced thermal resistance. But their inferior out-of-plane properties which are controlled by the matrix–fibre interface restrict the use of CFRP composites in critical applications. Amalgamation of nanofiller in the CFRP composites has found to improve the matrix-fibre interface and there by out-of-plane response. Though matrix modification has contributed to the improvement of interface, fibre modification has a scope for higher levels of nanofiller incorporation and proper fibre nanofiller adhesion. Out of several methods available for fibre modification electrophoretic deposition (EPD) is an eye-catching method for monitoring as well for nanofiller deposition. In recent ages, Graphene has grabbed wonderful consideration Among the graphene based functionalised nanofillers Carboxyl functionalized Graphene (G-COOH) modified CFRP composites have shown better ILSS properties. This research primarily aims to fabricate a CFRP composite using G-COOH modified carbon fibres with varying nanofiller concentrations of 0.5g/ltr, 1g/ltr and 1.5g/ltr in the EPD bath and its impact on the mechanical properties of the FRP composites. The laminates thus obtained were subjected to short beam shear test for the determination of inter laminar shear strength (ILSS). Fractography of the tested samples to observe various failure modes has been carried out by using scanning electron microscope (SEM).

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Rivadeneira-Velasco, Katherine E., Christian A. Utreras-Silva, Antonio Díaz-Barrios, Alicia E. Sommer-Márquez, Juan P. Tafur, and Rose M. Michell. "Green Nanocomposites Based on Thermoplastic Starch: A Review." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 23, 2021): 3227. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193227.

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The development of bio-based materials has been a consequence of the environmental awareness generated over time. The versatility of native starch is a promising starting point for manufacturing environmentally friendly materials. This work aims to compile information on the advancements in research on thermoplastic starch (TPS) nanocomposites after the addition of mainly these four nanofillers: natural montmorillonite (MMT), organically modified montmorillonite (O-MMT), cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), and cellulose nanofibers (CNF). The analyzed properties of nanocomposites were mechanical, barrier, optical, and degradability. The most important results were that as the nanofiller increases, the TPS modulus and strength increase; however, the elongation decreases. Furthermore, the barrier properties indicate that that the incorporation of nanofillers confers superior hydrophobicity. However, the optical properties (transparency and luminosity) are mostly reduced, and the color variation is more evident with the addition of these fillers. The biodegradability rate increases with these nanocompounds, as demonstrated by the study of the method of burial in the soil. The results of this compilation show that the compatibility, proper dispersion, and distribution of nanofiller through the TPS matrix are critical factors in overcoming the limitations of starch when extending the applications of these biomaterials. TPS nanocomposites are materials with great potential for improvement. Exploring new sources of starch and natural nano-reinforcement could lead to a genuinely eco-friendly material that can replace traditional polymers in applications such as packaging.

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Virgiani, Yasmin Safira, Adioro Soetojo, and Nanik Zubaidah. "DISCOLORATION OF NANOHYBRID AND NANOFILLER RESIN COMPOSITES AFTER EXPOSURE TO TURMERIC." Conservative Dentistry Journal 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/cdj.v11i1.2021.46-49.

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Background: Recently, the demand of aesthetic restorative has greatly increased and enchourages the development of composite resin material. The latest technology of composite is nanohybrid and nanofiller composites. However, color stability of nanohybrid and nanofiller resin composites can be influence by intrinscic and (or) extrinsic factor. Intrinsic factor depends on the composition on the resin composite and extrinsic factor such as colored food and beverages. Turmeric as a food ingredients, that is often consumed by Indonesians can cause discoloration in composites, because it contains the active pigment curcuminoid. The discoloration of nanohybrid and nanofilles composites can caused by the process of water sorbstion and curcumin particles. Purpose: Explain the discoloration of nanohybrid and nanofiller resin composites after exposure to turmeric and the factor that influence. Review(s): The reaction between the curcumin contained in turmeric and nanohybrid as well as nanofiller composites can cause discoloration in both composites. One of the reasons behind the discoloration on composite resin is that the composite resin can absorb water and its substances are carried by the water. Discoloration of composites was influence by the concentration of turmeric solution, pH of the solution, finishing and polishing process, temperature, time of exposure, composition of filler and matrix. Conclusion: Turmeric as an extrinsic factor can cause color changes in nanohybrid and nanofiller composites (ΔE>3,3), where the level of color change can be obtained by intrinsic factors, such as composition of filler and matrix, and other extrinsic factors.

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Mitkus, Rytis, Lena Piechowiak, and Michael Sinapius. "Characterization of UV Light Curable Piezoelectric 0-0-3 Composites Filled with Lead-Free Ceramics and Conductive Nanoparticles." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 2 (February 20, 2023): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7020089.

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Lead-free piezoelectric materials are essential for our healthy future but offer lower performance than lead-based materials. Different material combinations are explored to improve the performance of lead-free materials. By filling the UV light curable photopolymer resin with 30 vol.% lead-free piezoelectric ceramics and with up to 0.4 wt.% conductive nanofillers, thin and flexible piezoelectric 0-0-3 composites are formed. Two particle sizes of Potassium Sodium Niobate (KNN) and Barium Titanate (BTO) ceramics were used with four conductive nanofillers: Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs), Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs), and two types of Graphene Oxide (GO). Resulting high viscosity suspensions are tape-cast in a mold as thin layers and subsequently exposing them to UV light, piezoelectric composite sensors are formed in 80 s. Even low nanofiller concentrations increase relative permittivities, however, they strongly reduce curing depth and increase undesirable dielectric losses. Non-homogeneous dispersion of nanofillers is observed. In total, 36 different compositions were mixed and characterized. Only six selected material compositions were investigated further by measuring mechanical, dielectric, and piezoelectric properties. Results show KNN composite performance as piezoelectric sensors is almost six times higher than BTO composite performance.

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Hidayah, Ismail Nurul, M. Mariatti, Hanafi Ismail, and M. Kamarol. "Electrical Properties of LLDPE/SR with Nano-Silica and Nanoboron Nitride." Advanced Materials Research 858 (November 2013): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.858.80.

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Thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) nanocomposites based on 70:30 of linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and silicone rubber (SR) filled with nanosilica (SiO2) and nanoboron nitride (BN) was prepared. The effect of different types of nanofiller and sequence of blending on dielectric breakdown strength, dielectric properties and morphological properties of the blend was evaluated. The results showed that the presence of nanofiller improved the dielectric strength of LLDPE/SR. BN filled system had better dielectric strength as compared to SiO2 filled system. The addition of nanofillers also increased dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the blends. The sequence of blending significantly affected the properties of the material. The indirect blending (sample prepared master batch of SR/nanofiller) showed higher dielectric strength compared to the sample prepared through direct blending. The result was explained through SEM observation which showed the presence of fewer interfaces in the indirect blending sample, thus resulting in less weak points. This would have resulted in higher dielectric strength compared to direct blending sample which had various interfaces. The sample prepared through direct blending also showed remarkably higher dielectric contant and loss which is not suitable for insulator.

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Jamail, N. A. M., M. A. M. Piah, N. A. Muhammad, and Q. E. Kamarudin. "PDC Analysis of LLDPE-NR Nanocomposite for Effect of Moisture Absorption." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 3133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3133-3139.

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The properties of insulation have been improved by many research and the ability of nanocomposite material that composes the characteristic of improving electrical performance due to the addition of nanofiller into the based material gets serious attention. Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) measurement that has the ability to assess the condition of HV insulations with the initial periods after a DC step voltage application was favoured compared to other non-destructive monitoring techniques. This paper presents the works on moisture absorption in LLDPE-NR nanocomposite with different amount and percentage of nanofillers. The study of PDC level of the LLDPE-NR compound, filled with different amount of SiO2, TiO2 and MMT nanofiller using Polarization and Depolarization Current (PDC) measurement technique is the main objective of this research. These results show that sample A1 has the lowest polarization current value and sample B5 has the lowest depolarization current value.

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21

Mohammed Fitri, Tuty Fareyhynn, Azlin Fazlina Osman, Rahimah Othman, and Zaleha Mustafa. "Incorporation of Hybrid Pre-Dispersed Organo-Montmorillonite/ Destabilized Bentonite Nanofillers for Improving Tensile Strength of PEVA Copolymer with 40% Vinyl Acetate Composition." Materials Science Forum 1010 (September 2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1010.118.

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In this work, soft and flexible poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate) (PEVA) with 40% vinyl acetate (VA) composition was used as matrix material to form nanocomposites with single nanofiller (organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) or Bentonite (Bent)) and hybrid nanofillers (OMMT+Bent in the ratios of 4:1, 3:2, 2:3 and 1:4). In order to achieve greater exfoliation and dispersion of the hybrid nanofillers in the PEVA matrix, the pre- dispersing and destabilization technique was applied to the O-MMT and Bent, respectively. The procedures were done prior to the melt compounding process of the nanocomposite. A tensile test was done to evaluate the mechanical properties of the resultant nanocomposites and to allow the selection of the best OMMT/Bent ratio for the production of the hybrid nanocomposite. The structure and fractured surfaces of the neat PEVA and nanocomposite were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results indicated that the addition of hybrid pre-dispersed OMMT/destabilized bentonite nanofillers into the PEVA matrix resulted in greater mechanical performance as compared to the single OMMT or single Bent nanofiller. The best achievement in the tensile strength and elongation at break of the PEVA hybrid nanocomposite was obtained when the hybrid nanofillers was added in the ratio of 4:1 (OMMT: Bent). The SEM analysis showed that the PEVA hybrid nanocomposite with 4OMMT: 1Bent had greater matrix deformation than the neat PEVA when subjected to tensile load. This mechanical deformation could be related to the increased flexibility of the PEVA chains which facilitated more energy absorption during the stretching of the material. Apparently, this mechanism acted as a matrix toughening process which allowed the increment of both tensile strength and elongation at break values of the PEVA upon the addition of the hybrid nanofillers.

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22

Natrayan, L., Dhinakaran Veeman, S. Baskara Sethupathy, S. Sekar, Pravin P. Patil, G. Velmurugan, and Hulusew Ferede Mekonnen. "Influence of Nanosilica Particle Addition on Mechanical and Water Retention Properties of Natural Flax- and Sisal-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites under NaOH Conditions." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (August 26, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4026495.

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Organic filament-based lightweight materials are increasingly being used because of their high strength-to-weight ratio, recyclability, and low cost. The application of nanofillers in addition to natural fibres is a fascinating one. The main purpose of the current experimental investigation is to manufacture and estimate the mechanical material of nanocomposites. Natural fibres like flax and sisal are used as reinforcement; nanosilica particles act as fillers, and epoxy resin as a matrix. The composites were created using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array and a hand lay-up technique. The mechanical and water retention behaviour of the hybrid composites is based on the following three parameters, each with three different levels: (i) adding different weight ratios of nanofiller (1.5, 3, and 4.5 wt%), (ii) weight ratio of reinforcements (20, 30, and 40 wt%), and (iii) duration of NaOCl conditions (2, 4, and 6 hours). Mechanical possessions like tension, bending, and impact were tested as per the ASTM standard. The tested composites show that 30 wt% reinforcement, 3 wt% nanosilica, and 4 hours of alkaline processing provide the best materials and aquatic preoccupation belongings. When compared to nanofiller composites, nanoparticle-filled composites have 17% evolution in tension, 22% upsurge in flexural strength, 13% in impact strength, and 36% increase in impact strength hygroscopic behaviour. Scanning electron microscopes were used to analyze the fractured structure of hybrid composites. Compared to 1.5 and 4.5 wt% of nanofiller, the 3 wt% of filler provides high interfacial adhesion to the hybrid composites. It helps the reinforcement and matrix to contact each other.

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Liu, Yuanjin, Lixiao Yao, Yue Bu, and Qing Sun. "Synergistical Performance Modification of Epoxy Resin by Nanofillers and Carboxyl-Terminated Liquid Nitrile–Butadiene Rubber." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 16, 2021): 4601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164601.

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Epoxy composite materials are widely used in power equipment. As the voltage level increases, the requirement of material properties, including electrical, thermal, and mechanical, has also increased. Introducing thermally conductive nanofiller to the epoxy/liquid rubber composites system is an effective approach to improve heat performance, but the effects of thermally conductive nanofillers on relaxation characteristics remain unclarified. In this paper, nano-alumina (nano-Al2O3) and nano-boron nitride (nano-BN) have been employed to modify the epoxy/carboxyl-terminated liquid nitrile–butadiene rubber (epoxy/CTBN) composites system. The thermal conductivity and glass transition temperature of different formula systems have been measured. The effect of the nanofillers on the relaxation behaviors of the resin matrix has been investigated. Results show that the different kinds of nanofillers will introduce different relaxation processes into the matrix and increase the conductivity at the same time. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the synergistic improvement of multiple properties of epoxy resin composites.

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24

Mistretta, Maria Chiara, Luigi Botta, Rossella Arrigo, Francesco Leto, Giulio Malucelli, and Francesco Paolo La Mantia. "Bionanocomposite Blown Films: Insights on the Rheological and Mechanical Behavior." Polymers 13, no. 7 (April 5, 2021): 1167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071167.

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In this work, bionanocomposites based on two different types of biopolymers belonging to the MaterBi® family and containing two kinds of modified nanoclays were compounded in a twin-screw extruder and then subjected to a film blowing process, aiming at obtaining sustainable films potentially suitable for packaging applications. The preliminary characterization of the extruded bionanocomposites allowed establishing some correlations between the obtained morphology and the material rheological and mechanical behavior. More specifically, the morphological analysis showed that, regardless of the type of biopolymeric matrix, a homogeneous nanofiller dispersion was achieved; furthermore, the established biopolymer/nanofiller interactions caused a restrain of the dynamics of the biopolymer chains, thus inducing a significant modification of the material rheological response, which involves the appearance of an apparent yield stress and the amplification of the elastic feature of the viscoelastic behavior. Besides, the rheological characterization under non-isothermal elongational flow revealed a marginal effect of the embedded nanofillers on the biopolymers behavior, thus indicating their suitability for film blowing processing. Additionally, the processing behavior of the bionanocomposites was evaluated and compared to that of similar systems based on a low-density polyethylene matrix: this way, it was possible to identify the most suitable materials for film blowing operations. Finally, the assessment of the mechanical properties of the produced blown films documented the potential exploitation of the selected materials for packaging applications, also at an industrial level.

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Olszewski, Adam, Aleksandra Ławniczak, Paulina Kosmela, Marcin Strąkowski, Aleksandra Mielewczyk-Gryń, Aleksander Hejna, and Łukasz Piszczyk. "Influence of Surface-Modified Montmorillonite Clays on the Properties of Elastomeric Thin Layer Nanocomposites." Materials 16, no. 4 (February 17, 2023): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16041703.

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In recent years, polyurethane nanocomposites have attracted more attention due to the massive demand for materials with increasingly exceptional mechanical, optical, electrical, and thermal properties. As nanofillers have a high surface area, the interaction between the nanofiller and the polymer matrix is an essential issue for these materials. The main aim of this study is to validate the impact of the montmorillonite nanofiller (MMT) surface structure on the properties of polyurethane thin-film nanocomposites. Despite the interest in polyurethane–montmorillonite clay nanocomposites, only a few studies have explored the impact of montmorillonite surface modification on polyurethane’s material properties. For this reason, four types of polyurethane nanocomposites with up to 3% content of MMT were manufactured using the prepolymer method. The impact of montmorillonites on nanocomposites properties was tested by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), contact angle measurement, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The results showed that chemical and physical interactions between the polymer matrix and functional groups on the montmorillonite surface have a considerable impact on the final properties of the materials. It was noticed that the addition of MMT changed the thermal decomposition process, increased T2% by at least 14 °C, changed the hydrophilicity of the materials, and increased the glass transition temperature. These findings have underlined the importance of montmorillonite surface structure and interactions between nanocomposite phases for the final properties of nanocomposites.

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Konul Rustamova, Konul Rustamova. "NANOCOMPOSITE MATERIALS FOR CORROSION PROTECTION OF PIPELINES." ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials 07, no. 03 (June 6, 2021): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/etm0703202140.

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Polymer coating materials are used to protect inter-mine pipelines from corrosion. The presented article proposes new polymer-based nanocomposite materials for corrosion protection of pipelines. Keywords: polymer-based coating material, nanofiller, swelling coefficient.

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27

Dava Karunia Akbar, Sarianoferni, and Emy Khoironi. "The difference in radiopacity of microhybrid, nanofiller and nanohybrid composite resins with conventional periapical radiographic techniques." Makassar Dental Journal 10, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.35856/mdj.v10i2.415.

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Objective: The radiopacity of dental composite restorative materials is important since it allows assessment of the integrity of composite restorations, accurate diagnosis of secondary caries development and evaluation of the interface between the com-posite restorative material and the tooth structure on the new materials introduced in the market nowadays. The purpose of this observation is to determine the differences of microhybrid, nanofiller and nanohybrid composite resins on their radiopacity using conventional periapical radiography techniques. Methods: Composite resins samples were divided into three groups; 30 samples each. Group I were microhybrid composite resin. Group II were nanofiller composite resin. Group III were nanohybrid composite resin. Each specimen was placed on a dental film and exposed using conventional radiographic techniques with the specification of 70 kVp, 8mA and 0.25s, then processed using instant film procedures. Observations were carried out using the densitometer. The results of calculations were analyzed by using the one way Anova test. Results: Significant radiopacity dif-ferences were occurred in those three groups (p<0.05). Nanohybrid composite resin (2.32 mmAl) was significantly more ra-diopaque than microhybrid composite resin (2.20 mmAl) and nanofiller composite resin (2.10 mmAl). Conclusion: There are differences between microhybrid, nanofiller and nanohybrid composite resins. Resins that have the highest to the lowest ra-diopacity levels are nanohybrid, microhybrid, and nanofiller composite resin.

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Al-Abduljabbar, Abdulhamid. "A Permeability Model for Polymer-Clay Nanocomposites with Varying Clay Platelets Thickness." Materials Science Forum 916 (March 2018): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.916.3.

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Polymer-clay nanocomposites (PCNC), are characterized by the high ratio of surface area to volume of the clay nanoparticles which are in the form of clay platelets with very high aspect ratio. This feature provides superior gas barrier properties at very low volume fraction of the nanofiller. Clay platelets introduce discontinuity to flows through the bulk polymer matrix material. The extent of this improvement depends on the success of separation of clay layers during processing which would produce single-layer particles (exfoliation) or several-layer particles (intercalation) through the bulk polymer matrix. This paper discusses the common permeability models used to capture the effects of the clay nanofillers in PCNC. Since these models assume a state of full exfoliation of clay platelets; that is a single phase of the nanofiller, they fall short of representing the actual state as evidenced by experimental works, which confirm the presence of both the intercalated phase and the exfoliated phase. A model that incorporates clay inclusions with different sizes (different thicknesses) is proposed and its implications are assessed.

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29

Park, Chansul, Min Su Kim, Hye Hyun Kim, Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo, Dong Jun Jung, Moon Kee Choi, and Dae-Hyeong Kim. "Stretchable conductive nanocomposites and their applications in wearable devices." Applied Physics Reviews 9, no. 2 (June 2022): 021312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093261.

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Recently, highly conductive polymer nanocomposites, particularly soft polymer nanocomposites, have received extensive attention as promising material candidates for wearable devices. Compared with the cases of the wearable devices based on conventional rigid electronic materials, the wearable devices based on polymer nanocomposites exhibit excellent conformal contacts with the skin due to the soft mechanical properties of these nanocomposites; therefore, soft polymeric nanocomposites can be applied to stretchable wirings, electrodes, and sensor units in various on-skin electronics. The types of polymers and nanofillers used for the synthesis of these nanocomposites are critical factors determining the properties of polymer nanocomposites. The overall physical properties of nanocomposites depend on the type of polymer used, whereas the electrical properties of nanocomposites are governed by the type of nanofiller employed. Herein, we review the latest studies on the polymer nanocomposites constructed using different polymers and nanofillers that are applied to wearable devices. We have classified the polymers into non-elastic polymers, hydrogels, chemically crosslinked elastomers, and physically crosslinked elastomers and the nanofillers into C, liquid metal, Ag, Au, and other emerging nanomaterials. Detailed characteristics, fabrication methods, applications, and limitations of these nanocomposites are reviewed. Finally, a brief outlook for future research is provided.

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30

Wong, Kar Chun, Pei Sean Goh, Ahmad Fauzi Ismail, Hooi Siang Kang, Qingjie Guo, Xiaoxia Jiang, and Jingjing Ma. "The State-of-the-Art Functionalized Nanomaterials for Carbon Dioxide Separation Membrane." Membranes 12, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12020186.

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Nanocomposite membrane (NCM) is deemed as a practical and green separation solution which has found application in various fields, due to its potential to delivery excellent separation performance economically. NCM is enabled by nanofiller, which comes in a wide range of geometries and chemical features. Despite numerous advantages offered by nanofiller incorporation, fabrication of NCM often met processing issues arising from incompatibility between inorganic nanofiller and polymeric membrane. Contemporary, functionalization of nanofiller which modify the surface properties of inorganic material using chemical agents is a viable approach and vigorously pursued to refine NCM processing and improve the odds of obtaining a defect-free high-performance membrane. This review highlights the recent progress on nanofiller functionalization employed in the fabrication of gas-separative NCMs. Apart from the different approaches used to obtain functionalized nanofiller (FN) with good dispersion in solvent and polymer matrix, this review discusses the implication of functionalization in altering the structure and chemical properties of nanofiller which favor interaction with specific gas species. These changes eventually led to the enhancement in the gas separation efficiency of NCMs. The most frequently used chemical agents are identified for each type of gas. Finally, the future perspective of gas-separative NCMs are highlighted.

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Tallman, Tyler N., and Hashim Hassan. "A computational exploration of the effect of alignment and aspect ratio on alternating current conductivity in carbon nanofiber–modified epoxy." Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 31, no. 5 (January 13, 2020): 756–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1045389x19898252.

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Carbon nanofiller–modified polymers have been the subject of intense study for years due to their potential use in diverse and far-reaching applications. The effect of nanofiller network parameters on macroscale direct current electrical transport has been thoroughly elucidated by extensive nano-to-microscale modeling. As a result, we now have great insight into how the conductive and piezoresistive properties of nanocomposites can be tailored through judicious control of the underlying nanofiller network. It is also well-known that carbon nanofiller–modified polymers possess frequency-dependent alternating current electrical properties. Even though work has been done to understand the alternating current properties of nanocomposites via experimental characterization and through the development of macroscale equivalent circuit models, much less has been done to understand how macroscale alternating current conductivity depends on microscale effects such as nanofiller alignment and aspect ratio. This is an important knowledge gap because, like direct current conductivity, the underlying nanofiller network ultimately gives rise to macroscale alternating current transport in these materials. To this end, we herein present an alternating current microscale percolation model for carbon filler–based polymer nanocomposites. After calibration against experimental complex impedance data from randomly ordered carbon nanofiber–modified epoxy, this model is used to explore the effect of carbon nanofiber alignment and aspect ratio on alternating current conductivity. These simulations show that alternating current conductivity generally increases with increasing alignment and with aspect ratio; however, the competing effects of alternating current and direct current percolation give rise to substantial variation in alternating current conductivity at low frequencies and with poor percolation. The methodology presented in this article provides a modeling tool by which nanocomposites with highly optimized alternating current properties can be developed through careful control and tailoring of nanofiller network properties for the realization of exotic, next-generation material functionality.

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Kausar, Ayesha. "Polymeric nanocomposites reinforced with nanowhiskers: Design, development, and emerging applications." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 36, no. 3 (January 5, 2020): 312–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756087919898731.

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This article provides insights into nanowhisker nanofiller particles, different categories of polymer/nanowhisker nanocomposites, and broad span of applications. Nanowhiskers are hierarchical needle-like elementary crystallites, often used as nanofillers in polymers. Cellulose, chitin, zinc oxide, fullerene, and aluminum nitride-based nanowhiskers have been employed in matrices. Inclusion of organic and inorganic nanowhiskers in polymers has enhanced thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, thermal stability, water resistance, and other physical properties of nanocomposites. Polymer/nanowhisker nanocomposites have found technical applications in supercapacitors, sensors, anticorrosion agents, antibacterial agents, and drug delivery systems. Future research directions for potential applications rely on material design, nanowhisker functionalization, better dispersion, better reinforcement, and better processing techniques.

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Giri, Jyoti, and Rameshwar Adhikari. "A brief review on preparation and application of MWCNT-based polymer nanocomposites." BIBECHANA 20, no. 1 (April 5, 2023): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bibechana.v20i1.53724.

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Technological advancementalways seeks new materials with improved functional properties, particularly for smart applications. In this regard, nanotechnology is offering today wide range of novel material designs fabricated by compounding nanofillers into the polymer matrix. Different allotropic forms of carbon can reinforce the properties of polymers for various applications. Reinforcement depends on the dimension, shape, size and compatibility of the nanofiller with the polymer matrix. Chemical modification of filler surfaces and the matrix can selectively localize the filler in the hybrid composites in the desired phase or at the interface by melt mixing or solution casting method, during compounding procedure. In this regard, the conducting nature of the additioin of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) into a polymer matrix fosters the conductivity into the materials. Such nanocomposites can be used for numerous applications such as conducting materials, super-capacitors, light emitting devices, medical purposes etc,. This review paper focuses on different methods of preparation of MWCNT/polymer nanocomposites, their surface properties, and microbial properties etc,.

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Mandalihan, Ananda Manuela S., Jaya L. Sitjar, and Eduardo Magdaluyo Jr. "Mechanical Properties and Thermal Stability of TiO₂ Nanofiller Reinforced Silicone Sealants." Materials Science Forum 864 (August 2016): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.864.23.

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Structural sealants are one of the most essential construction materials due to a rising demand of buildings having glass panel faćades. Silicones are the most preferred base component due to their excellent properties appropriate for structural applications. The effect of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofillers on the mechanical and thermal properties of commercially available silicone-based sealants was investigated. The incorporation of 1 wt% and 2 wt% of TiO2 has caused an increase on the elongation at break SSG4000E and SilPruf SCS2000N sealants while an increase on the modulus of resilience was observed at SilPruf SCS2000N with 1wt% TiO2. The elastic modulus was highest at 5 wt% TiO2 for all sealants. Swelling behavior decreased with increasing nanofiller due to the physical crosslinking effect, thus preventing the diffusion of the solvent into the material. Thermal stability also improved with the incorporation of 2 wt% TiO2 as observed in the increase of the onset temperature of decomposition.

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Diansari, Viona, Iin Sundari, and Sasmita Prima Dani. "KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN RESIN KOMPOSIT NANOFILLER SETELAH PAPARAN PERASAN JERUK NIPIS (Citrus aurantifolia)." Cakradonya Dental Journal 14, no. 1 (April 23, 2022): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/cdj.v14i1.27295.

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Resin komposit nanofiller adalah material restorasi yang memiliki ukuran filler dengan skala nanometer, sehingga dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik lebih estetik. Minuman asam seperti jeruk nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) dapat diserap oleh resin komposit nanofiller dan mempengaruhi sifat fisik daripermukaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai kekasaran permukaan resin komposit nanofiller setelah paparan perasan jeruk nipis dengan konsentrasi 50%. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 spesimen resin komposit nanofiller (Filtek Z350 XT, 3M ESPE, A3) berukuran 5 mm x 2 mm. Setiap spesimen awalnya direndam dalam akuades selama 24 jam (suhu 37 C) kemudian diukur kekasaran permukaannya menggunakan alat Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) sebelum dilakukan perendaman. Spesimen kemudian direndam selama 14 hari dengan ketentuan lamanyaperendaman 5 menit pada air perasan jeruk nipis konsentrasi 50% dan pada akuades selama 23 jam 55 menit lalu dilakukan pengukuran kekasaran permukaan sesudah perendaman. Hasil analisis statistik menggunakan uji t berpasangan (p0,05) menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antara kekasaran permukaan sebelum dan sesudah perendaman dalam air perasan jeruk nipis. Dapat disimpulkan bahwaadanya peningkatan kekasaran permukaan resin komposit nanofiller sesudah direndam dalam air perasan jeruk nipis konsentrasi 50%.

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Shtertser, Alexandr, Boris Zlobin, Victor Kiselev, Sergei Shemelin, Vladislav Shikalov, Evgenij Karpov, and Konstantin Ivanyuk. "Properties of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Produced by Cyclic Impact Compaction and Reinforced with Graphene Nanoplatelets and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 8 (July 31, 2023): 314. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7080314.

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Polymer-based composites represent a special class of materials in demand by the industry. In comparison with other polymers, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is characterized by exceptionally high wear and impact resistance. There are different technologies for producing bulk material from UHMWPE powder and from its mixtures with various reinforcing additives. In this work, samples for research were made by cyclic impact compaction (CIC), graphene nanoplatelets and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were the reinforcing nanofillers. Nanoscale detonation carbon (NDC) produced by the detonation decomposition of acetylene was employed as a graphene nanofiller. The obtained samples were subjected to a wear test, and their hardness and tensile strength were measured. Studies have shown that the reinforcement of UHMWPE with NDC and SWCNTs leads to an increase in its hardness by 6.4% and 19.6%, respectively. With the same nanofillers, the wear resistance when rubbing against a steel ball rises by 1.13 and 1.63 times, and the coefficient of friction drops by 10% and 20%, respectively. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of UHMWPE drops by 11.7% and 40.4%, and the elongation by 11.9% and 30.1% when reinforcing UHMWPE with NDC and SWCNTs, respectively.

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Abou-Dakka, Mahmoud. "Evolution of Space Charges and Conductivity with DC Aging of Polyethylene-Synthetic and Natural Clay Composites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/463748.

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The evolution of the space charge and conductivity with DC poling of two types of polypropylene-(PP-) based nanocomposites (PNCs) was investigated. The PNCs were manufactured with different concentrations of synthetic and natural organoclays. The optimal concentrations of nanofiller that can efficiently mitigate the space charge with DC aging time were 2-wt% for PP-natural-clay and between 2 and 4 wt% for the PP-synthetic-clay. Above these percentages charge transport through overlapping of nanoparticles can occur due to the interaction zone of double layers formed at the nanoparticle/host material interfaces. Under DC field the overlapping increases the conductivity of PNCs and minimizes the benefit of incorporating nanofillers into PP. The total charge stored in unfilled PP increased continuously with time reaching a maximum around 5000 h before decreasing but it also changed slightly in all filled specimens. It was perceived that the smaller the size of nanofiller platelets the more efficient the charge mitigation. The conductivity of specimens containing 6 wt% of natural clay and 8 wt% of synthetic clay reached≈6 times the level of the unfilled PP. This observation could be related and due to the crossing of the percolation threshold for these composites.

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38

WANG, QIANQIAN, and J. Y. ZHU. "Facile preparation of nanofiller-paper using mixed office paper without deinking." March 2015 14, no. 3 (April 1, 2015): 167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj14.3.167.

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Mixed office paper (MOP) pulp without deinking with an ash content of 18.1 ± 1.5% was used as raw material to produce nanofiller-paper. The MOP pulp with filler was mechanically fibrillated using a laboratory stone grinder. Scanning electron microscope imaging revealed that the ground filler particles were wrapped by cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), which substantially improved the incorporation of filler into the CNF matrix. Sheets made of this CNF matrix were densified due to improved bonding. Specific tensile strength and modulus of the nanofiller-paper with 60-min grinding reached 48.4 kN·m/kg and 8.1 MN·m/kg, respectively, approximately 250% and 200% of the respective values of the paper made of unground MOP pulp. Mechanical grinding duration did not affect the thermal stability of the nanofiller-paper.

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39

Selim, Mohamed S., Hui Yang, Feng Q. Wang, Xue Li, Yong Huang, and Nesreen A. Fatthallah. "Silicone/Ag@SiO2core–shell nanocomposite as a self-cleaning antifouling coating material." RSC Advances 8, no. 18 (2018): 9910–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra00351c.

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The effects of Ag@SiO₂core–shell nanofiller dispersion and micro-nano binary structure on the fouling release of silicone paints were studied. An ultrahydrophobic PDMS/Ag@SiO₂core–shell nanocomposite was prepared as an antifouling coating material.

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Kavimani, Vijayananth, Balasubramaniam Stalin, Pudhupalayam Muthukutti Gopal, Manickam Ravichandran, Alagar Karthick, and Murugesan Bharani. "Application of r-GO-MMT Hybrid Nanofillers for Improving Strength and Flame Retardancy of Epoxy/Glass Fibre Composites." Advances in Polymer Technology 2021 (April 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627743.

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The application of nanomaterials as a strengthening agent in the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites has gained significant attention due to distinctive properties which can be utilised in structural applications. In this study, reduced graphene oxide (r-GO) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay were used as filler materials to fabricate hybrid epoxy-based nanocomposites. The synergistic effect of nanomaterials on flammability and mechanical behaviour of nanocomposites were studied. Results revealed that the addition of nanofiller showcases 97% and 44.5% improvement in tensile and flexural strength. However, an increment in the percentage of filler material over 0.3% exhibits a decremental mechanical property trend. Likewise, the addition of nanofiller increases the nonignition timing of the glass-fibre-reinforced epoxy composites. Fracture surface morphology displays the occurrence of the ductile fracture mechanism owing to the presence of hybrid fillers.

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Hsu, Po-Ya, Ting-Yu Hu, Selvaraj Rajesh Kumar, Kevin C. W. Wu, and Shingjiang Jessie Lue. "Swelling-Resistant, Crosslinked Polyvinyl Alcohol Membranes with High ZIF-8 Nanofiller Loadings as Effective Solid Electrolytes for Alkaline Fuel Cells." Nanomaterials 12, no. 5 (March 4, 2022): 865. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12050865.

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The present work investigates the direct mixing of aqueous zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) suspension into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) to form swelling-resistant, mechanically robust and conductivity retentive composite membranes. This drying-free nanofiller incorporation method enhances the homogeneous ZIF-8 distributions in the PVA/ZIF-8/GA composites to overcome the nanofiller aggregation problem in the mixed matrix membranes. Various ZIF-8 concentrations (25.4, 40.5 and 45.4 wt.%) are used to study the suitability of the resulting GA-crosslinked composites for direct alkaline methanol fuel cell (DAMFC). Surface morphological analysis confirmed homogeneous ZIF-8 particle distribution in the GA-crosslinked composites with a defect- and crack-free structure. The increased ionic conductivity (21% higher than the ZIF-free base material) and suppressed alcohol permeability (94% lower from the base material) of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA resulted in the highest selectivity among the prepared composites. In addition, the GA-crosslinked composites’ selectivity increased to 1.5–2 times that of those without crosslink. Moreover, the ZIF-8 nanofillers improved the mechanical strength and alkaline stability of the composites. This was due to the negligible volume swelling ratio (<1.4%) of high (>40%) ZIF-8-loaded composites. After 168 h of alkaline treatment, the PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA composite had almost negligible ionic conductivity loss (0.19%) compared with the initial material. The maximum power density (Pmax) of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA composite was 190.5 mW cm−2 at 60 °C, an increase of 181% from the PVA/GA membrane. Moreover, the Pmax of PVA/40.5%ZIF-8/GA was 10% higher than that without GA crosslinking. These swelling-resistant and stable solid electrolytes are promising in alkaline fuel cell applications.

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Angalane, Sendil Kumar, and Elanseralathan Kasinathan. "Influence of nanofiller concentration on polypropylene nanocomposites for high voltage cables." Journal of Electrical Engineering 73, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2022-0023.

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Abstract Polymeric insulation for HVDC cable is attracting more attention in the modern power transmission system. Especially, the thermoplastic material is desirable for power cable insulation because of its recyclability and ease of processing. Thermoplastic material development is a good alternative to cross-linked polyethylene in the future. Polypropylene has the advantage of avoiding by-products during cable production, which can minimize space accumulation and degassing costs. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of nanofillers on the structural properties of isotactic polypropylene. In addition, the proposed composite material’s morphology, melting, dielectric permittivity, and breakdown strength are examined. Different weight percentages of inorganic nanofillers such as TiO2 and ZnO are used to make nanocomposite thin films. With increasing filler concentration, the dielectric constant of the nanocomposite thin film increases. Apart from that, the dielectric loss of the TiO2 nanocomposite thin film increases with weight percentage initially and it falls nearer to virgin material at a higher frequency. The breakdown strength of the nanocomposite materials shows a similar variation with filler concentration. TiO2 is more resistant to deterioration than ZnO composite. Based on the results of the complete investigation, the TiO2 nanocomposite is better suited for the insulation of HVDC cables.

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Chang, Jin-Hae. "Comparative Analysis of Properties of PVA Composites with Various Nanofillers: Pristine Clay, Organoclay, and Functionalized Graphene." Nanomaterials 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9030323.

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Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposites containing three different nanofillers are prepared and compared in terms of their thermal properties, morphologies, and oxygen permeabilities. Specifically, pristine saponite (SPT) clay, hydrophilic organically modified bentonite (OMB), and hexadecylamine-functionalized graphene sheets (HDA-GSs) are utilized as nanofillers to fabricate PVA nanocomposite films. The hybrid films are fabricated from blended solutions of PVA and the three different nanofillers. The content of each filler with respect to PVA is varied from 0 to 10 wt%, and the changes in the properties of the PVA matrices as a function of the filler content are discussed. With respect to the hybrid containing 5 wt% of SPT, OMB, and HDA-GS, each layer in the polymer matrix consists of well-dispersed individual nanofiller layers. However, the fillers are mainly aggregated in the polymer matrix in a manner similar to the case for the hybrid material containing 10 wt% of fillers. In the thermal properties, SPT and OMB are most effective when the filler corresponds to 5 wt% and 7 wt% for HDA-GS, respectively, and the gas barrier is most effective with respect to 5 wt% content in all fillers. Among the three types of nanofillers that are investigated, OMB exhibits optimal results in terms of thermal stability and the gas barrier effect.

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Joshi, Sameer, Rajnish Sahu, Vida A. Dennis, and Shree R. Singh. "Nanofiller-Enhanced Soft Non-Gelatin Alginate Capsules for Modified Drug Delivery." Pharmaceuticals 14, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph14040355.

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Capsules are one of the major solid dosage forms available in a variety of compositions and shapes. Developments in this dosage form are not new, but the production of non-gelatin capsules is a recent trend. In pharmaceutical as well as other biomedical research, alginate has great versatility. On the other hand, the use of inorganic material to enhance material strength is a common research topic in tissue engineering. The research presented here is a combination of qualities of alginate and montmorillonite (MMT). These two materials were used in this research to produce a soft non-gelatin modified-release capsule. Moreover, the research describes a facile benchtop production of these capsules. The produced capsules were critically analyzed for their appearance confirming resemblance with marketed capsules, functionality in terms of drug encapsulation, as well as release and durability.

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Natrayan, L., T. Sathish, S. Baskara Sethupathy, S. Sekar, Pravin P. Patil, G. Velmurugan, and Hunde Hailu. "Interlaminar Shear, Bending, and Water Retention Behavior of Nano-SiO2 Filler-Incorporated Dharbai/Glass Fiber-Based Hybrid Composites under Cryogenic Environment." Adsorption Science & Technology 2022 (July 30, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3810884.

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In current history, adding nanoscale and micron-sized filler materials to composite materials for fabrication has been a popular approach for improving the composite’s mechanical characteristics. Due to their lower friction coefficient, excellent mechanical strength modulus, and low moisture uptake, filler-based hybrid composite materials are replacing metallic materials. Glass/Dharbai hybrid composites with nano-SiO2 fillers have been created in this study. After manufacture, the composite materials were treated with liquid nitrogen at 177 K for various durations. Every sample material was cut according to ASTM standards to investigate mechanical features such as ILSS, impact test, and flexural strength. The broken composite specimen was studied using a scanning electron microscope. Water retention studies have been conducted under two distinct liquid solutions: tab or regular water and seawater. ILSS, flexural strength, and water retention were all greater in 4 wt.% of nanofiller-rich composites than in ordinary composites. Compared to 30 minutes, the 15-minute cryo-treated specimens provide the highest mechanical strength. On the other hand, the automobile, aviation, and shipbuilding sectors would benefit from a nanofiller-based composite.

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46

Liu, Yang, Cheng Zhang, Benyuan Huang, Xu Wang, Yulong Li, Zaoming Wang, Wenchuan Lai, Xiaojiao Zhang, and Xiangyang Liu. "Skin–core structured fluorinated MWCNTs: a nanofiller towards a broadband dielectric material with a high dielectric constant and low dielectric loss." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 6, no. 9 (2018): 2370–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc05434c.

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47

Rende, Deniz, Linda S. Schadler, and Rahmi Ozisik. "Controlling Foam Morphology of Poly(methyl methacrylate) via Surface Chemistry and Concentration of Silica Nanoparticles and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Process Parameters." Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/864926.

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Polymer nanocomposite foams have received considerable attention because of their potential use in advanced applications such as bone scaffolds, food packaging, and transportation materials due to their low density and enhanced mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties compared to traditional polymer foams. In this study, silica nanofillers were used as nucleating agents and supercritical carbon dioxide as the foaming agent. The use of nanofillers provides an interface upon which CO2nucleates and leads to remarkably low average cell sizes while improving cell density (number of cells per unit volume). In this study, the effect of concentration, the extent of surface modification of silica nanofillers with CO2-philic chemical groups, and supercritical carbon dioxide process conditions on the foam morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate), PMMA, were systematically investigated to shed light on the relative importance of material and process parameters. The silica nanoparticles were chemically modified with tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl triethoxysilane leading to three different surface chemistries. The silica concentration was varied from 0.85 to 3.2% (by weight). The supercritical CO2foaming was performed at four different temperatures (40, 65, 75, and 85°C) and between 8.97 and 17.93 MPa. By altering the surface chemistry of the silica nanofiller and manipulating the process conditions, the average cell diameter was decreased from9.62±5.22to1.06±0.32 μm, whereas, the cell density was increased from7.5±0.5×108to4.8±0.3×1011cells/cm3. Our findings indicate that surface modification of silica nanoparticles with CO2-philic surfactants has the strongest effect on foam morphology.

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48

Waśniewski, Bartłomiej, Joanna Ryszkowska, Konstanty Skalski, and Marek Pawlikowski. "Quantitative Analysis of the Polyurethane Composites with Non-Organic Nanofiller for Use in Implants of Intervertebral Disc." Archive of Mechanical Engineering 59, no. 2 (January 1, 2012): 137–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10180-012-0007-0.

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Quantitative Analysis of the Polyurethane Composites with Non-Organic Nanofiller for Use in Implants of Intervertebral DiscThe aim of this research was to develop a composite material to be used as an elastomeric core of the artificial intervertebral disc. Two types of polyurethane composites with non-modified SiO2and SiO2modified NH2group were obtained. The composites made of these materials have different filler content. The effect of modifying fillers for the structure and properties of these materials were investigated.

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Shen, Qiang, Huan Yuan, Yuan Lu Xiong, Guo Qiang Luo, and Lian Meng Zhang. "The Structure and Electrical Conductivity of the CNTs/PMMA Nanocomposites Foams." Key Engineering Materials 602-603 (March 2014): 1048–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.602-603.1048.

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Carbon nanofillers/polymer nanocomposites foam with electrical conductivity was a novel functional material. In this study, the CNTs/PMMA nanocomposites were prepared by the combination of ultrasonic dispersion and anti-solvent precipitation method. Then supercritical foaming method was untilized applied to prepare the foams. The morphology and the electrical conductivity of the foams were investigated. The conductivity of the nanocomposites showed a conductor behavior which was increased t from 1×10-6S/cm to 1×10-5S/cm with the CNTs content range from 1 wt.% to 2.5 wt.%. After foaming, the cell size of the foams was below 10 μm while the cell density increased 2~3 orders of magnitude compared with PMMA foams. The produced CNTs/PMMA nanocomposites foams exhibited a wide range electricity conductivity of the nanofiller contents. Key words: structure, electrical conductivity, CNTs, nanocomposites foams

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50

Bhattacharya, Mithun, Madhuchhanda Maiti, and Anil K. Bhowmick. "Influence of Different Nanofillers and their Dispersion Methods on the Properties of Natural Rubber Nanocomposites." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 81, no. 5 (November 1, 2008): 782–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548232.

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Abstract The effects of varying morphological and chemical constitution of nanofillers and various dispersion methods on natural rubber nanocomposites prepared by conventional processing techniques were determined by incorporating various nanofillers like montmorillonite, sepiolite (SP), hectorite, carbon nanofiber (F) and expanded graphite. When compared with the gum, SP filled (4 phr) nanocomposite exhibited an increment of 26% in the modulus and F (6phr) increased the tear strength by 18%, over the gum. Nanofiller dispersion was enhanced by various compatibilization and dispersion techniques which helped SP introduce 56 and F 113% increment in the modulus of the nanocomposites, over the gum rubber vulcanizate. It also rendered 28% improvement in the tear strength of F filled system. Deeper insights into the material properties were obtained through dynamic mechanical and swelling studies. Property-morphology correlation of the hybrids was performed through X-ray Diffraction, Atomic Force Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Surface energy (SE) studies exhibited that the higher surface energy of SP (38 mJ/m2) and F (44 mJ/m2) than the rubber (35 mJ/m2) ensured necessary wetting and hence was responsible for improvement of the properties. Using SE, cleavage energy and work of adhesion data, a new mechanism based on adsorption followed by shear of polymer-bound nanofillers was suggested.

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