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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Nanocristaux – Propriétés électroniques"
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Дисертації з теми "Nanocristaux – Propriétés électroniques"
Biaye, Moussa. "Caractérisation de propriétés électroniques et électromécaniques de nanocristaux colloïdaux par microscopie à force atomique en ultravide." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10231/document.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding the electronic, electrical and mechanical properties of nanostructures is a key issue in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Scanning probe microscopy is an essential tool to probe and understand these properties at the nanoscale. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the electromechanical and electrostatic properties of individual or assembled colloidal nanocrystals using atomic force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum environment.The first part of the manuscript deals with the transport properties of assemblies of gold and indium tin oxide nanoparticles, forming the active areas of resistive strain gauges. Current-bias spectroscopies are measured as a function of the force applied on the cantilever and as a function of temperature. Tunneling transport is evidenced and measured from the linear regime to the Fowler Nordheim regime. The mechanical characteristic (effective Young modulus) of ligands is extracted.The second part of the thesis is devoted to the characterization of the electrostatic properties of individual indium arsenide (InAs) colloidal doped nanocrystals with sizes in the 2-8 nm range, using non-contact atomic force microscopy coupled to Kelvin probe force microscopy. This aim was to understand the charge transfer mechanisms between doped or undoped nanocrystals and their environment, in a physical regime of strong quantum and Coulomb confinement. Experimental results enable to measure a doping level of and a defect density of about . Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements were in addition performed on colloidal perovskite (CsPbBr3) semiconductor nanocrystals in order to explore the photo-generation mechanisms of carriers
Albe, Virginie. "Nanocristaux semiconducteurs : effets de confinement, de forme et de dopage." Montpellier 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON20064.
Повний текст джерелаDE, LA TORRE Jorge. "Etudes des propriétés opto-électroniques de structures et de composants à base de nanostructures de Si." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006823.
Повний текст джерелаCapiod, Pierre. "Caractérisation physique de nanomatériaux semi-conducteurs complexes : des hétéro-structures aux réseaux bidimensionnels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10147/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of semi-conductor nanomaterials takes along with an increase of the complexity regarding their crystalline structure and chemical composition. Interfaces are essential in accounting for the physical properties of the materials and require a thorough investigation. It relies on the use of specific instruments, that are described in the first section of this work. These instruments are then used to explore hetero-structure nanowires, that contain poly-types segments with different Fermi level pinnings at the surface, leading to $i-p$ junctions (section 2). Hetero-structure nanocrystals have also been characterized (section 3). Their study has revealed a phase transformation under light irradiation, that is attributed to the different crystalline structures between their core and their shell. Along with these investigations, novel two-dimensional semi-conductor crystals have been explored due to the exotic electronic structures that they could exhibit. Silicene, the Graphene analog, and porous networks of semi-conductor nanocrystals have been studied (section 4 and 5 respectively). The transport properties have been characterized with multiple probes Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and have revealed the uniqueness of these systems to improve our understanding of the electrical transport in two-dimensional crystals
Bouchard, Mathilde. "Pérovskites halogénées AMX3 : synthèse, substitution cationique et étude structurale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAV008/document.
Повний текст джерелаMetal halide perovskites AMX3 (A+ is an organic or inorganic cation: Cs+ methylammonium [CH3NH3]+ (MA); M2+ is a metallic cation such as Pb2+ and X a halide anion I-, Br- or Cl-) have remarkable properties as solar cell absorbers. In the perovskite structural framework the properties of the materials can be easily tailored by modifying their chemical composition. Changing for example the halide anion modulates their band gap. This thesis deals with the synthesis and the advanced characterisation of mixed halide perovskite materials – i.e. with mixed ions on the same site A, M or X – of low dimensions such as thin films and nanocrystals.A fabrication protocol was developed for reference solar cells with CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx absorbers yielding a power conversion efficiency over 10%. The perovskite thin films could be fabricated with a controlled thickness and a high reproducibility on different TiO2 substrates (compact, mesoporous or monocrystalline). The study of these thin films by laboratory and synchrotron X-ray diffraction showed that the CH3NH3PbI3-xClx crystallites exhibit a preferential (001) orientation on any kind of TiO2 substrate. By using monocristalline TiO2 substrates we showed for the first time that the degree of orientation and the grain size increased considerably (the surface coverage was determined to be 80%) compared to mesoporous and compact polycrystalline TiO2 substrates. The presence of chlorine at the TiO2–perovskite interface and the low surface roughness of the substrate are key factors, which promote the growth of highly oriented crystallites.In the second part of the thesis, the influence of the partial substitution of lead with non-toxic homovalent metal cations (alcaline earth, 3d transition metals) on the structural and optical properties of hybrid and inorganic perovskite nanocrystals was studied. The morphology and the size of MAPb1-xMxBr3 hybrid nanocrystals synthesised by reprecipitation is clearly affected despite the low substitution (x: maximum 6% with Mg2+). Conversely, in CsPb1-xMxX3 inorganic nanocrystals synthesised by hot injection, up to 16% of Pb2+ could be replaced by Mg2+ or Sr2+, while keeping their size, shape, structure, absorption and photoluminescence properties. With a higher substitution ratio (up to 22% was achieved), the formation of the Cs4PbX6 structure is favoured
Fan, Yinan. "Rational synthesis of plasmonic/catalytic bimetallic nanocrystals for catalysis." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS189.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAmong several nanocatalysts, those based on noble metal NPs deserve particular attention because of their electronic, chemical and even optical properties (in the case of plasmonic-enhanced transformations). Platinum or palladium are well known for their remarkable catalytic properties, but they are expensive and their resources are limited. In addition, single component nanocatalysts can only lead to a limited range of chemical reactions. Thus, our strategy was to develop bimetallic nanocatalysts composed of two metal elements that can exhibit synergistic effects between their physicochemical properties and enhanced catalytic activity. We have thus designed bimetallic nanocatalysts of the core-shell type composed of a silver core and a platinum shell. The interest is to combine the high and efficient catalytic activities of the platinum shell surface with the highly energetic silver core capable of enhancing the activities of the shell through its plasmonic properties. In addition, these bimetallic NPs often exhibit superior catalytic activity due to the modification of the Pt-Pt atomic bonding distance (i.e. the strain effect). In this thesis work, Ag@Pt NPs have been synthesized via a two-step process using chemically synthesized spherical Ag NPs as seeds on the one hand and platinum complexes with oleylamine on the other hand which are then reduced on the surface of the seeds at a controlled temperature. Different Ag seed sizes from 8 to 14 nm with a very low size distribution (<10%) have been obtained by adjusting the reaction time, temperature ramp, Ag precursor concentration and final temperature during the synthesis. The control of the shell thicknesses (from 1 to 6 atomic layers) has been possible by adjusting the ratio of platinum precursor to silver seed concentrations. The catalytic activity of the core-shell Ag@Pt NPs was tested by a model reaction of reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by NaBH4 in aqueous phase. We have observed that the thickness of the Pt shell and the size of the Ag core influence the catalytic properties and led increased catalytic activity compared to pure silver or platinum. This was attributed to synergistic effects. Furthermore, we have observed an enhancement of the catalytic activity of Ag and Ag@Pt NPs under light irradiation. This is correlated to the generation of hot electrons in the Ag core. Finally, in order to develop a supported nanocatalysis platform, 3D self-assemblies also called supercrystals composed of Ag@Pt nanoparticles have been spontaneously obtained after deposition on a solid substrate due to their narrow size distribution and homogeneous shape. The catalytic activity of these supercrystals for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has been studied by following in situ by optical microscopy the production of H2 gas nanobubbles. Three distinct behaviors in photo-catalytic activity (activity, intermittent activity and non-activity) have been observed on the supercrystals in the same region of interest. In addition, 50% of the assemblies were determined to be active for HER which was shown to be accompanied by oxidative corrosion of silver
Tadjine, Athmane. "Structure électronique et propriétés de réseaux cohérents de nanocristaux semi-conducteurs." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I043/document.
Повний текст джерелаSemiconductor nanostructuration methods are a new route leading to the tuning of charge carriers behavior. This tuning is a direct consequence of the quantum confinement effect. In this thesis, we study using numerical and analytical approaches the properties of coherent superlattices of semiconductor nanocrystals. These superlattices are synthesized by bottom-up methods of oriented self-assembly. We show that their electronic band structures can be modeled by a simple effective Hamiltonian with analytical eigenvalues. In addition, we propose a top-down method where a periodic arrangement of holes is etched in semiconductor quantum wells using lithography. We show that it is possible to artificially reproduce two-dimensional lattices of high interest such as the honeycomb, the kagome and the Lieb lattices. Most of these lattices host Dirac fermions that we also recover in the superlattices. In another chapter, we study the effect of a static magnetic field on isolated nanocrystals and on honeycomb superlattices. We predict the presence of large magnetic moments in those systems. Finally, we show that, in PbSe square superlattices, a bond-sign disorder should arise. We find that this disorder is reducible by gauge transformations and we quantify the true (residual) disorder felt by electrons
Pinna, Nicola. "Nanomatériaux : étude structurale et propriétés optiques." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066357.
Повний текст джерелаSpinicelli, Piernicola. "Contrôle des propriétés quantiques de fluorescence des nanocristaux semi-conducteurs." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00440992.
Повний текст джерелаDuguay, Sébastien. "Propriétés de stockage de charges de nanocristaux de germanium incorporés dans des couches de silice par implantation ionique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/DUGUAY_Sebastien_2006.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOne way to improve current Flash memories is to replace the actual continuous floating gate by an array of nanocrystals discrete charge storage. In this work, silicon dioxide (SiO2) on Si layers with embedded germanium nanocrystals (Ge-ncs) were fabricated using Ge+-implantation and subsequent annealing. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry have been used to study the Ge redistribution in the SiO2 films as a function of annealing temperature and implantation conditions (dose, energy). A monolayer of Ge-ncs near and clearly separated of the Si/SiO2 interface was formed under specific annealing and implantation conditions. This layer, with a nc density and mean-size measured to be respectively of the order of 1x1012 /cm2 and 4,5 nm, is located at approximately 4 nm from the Si/SiO2 interface. Increasing the implantation dose leads to the formation of a second monolayer situated in the middle of the SiO2 film. Capacitance-voltage measurements were performed on metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures containing such implanted SiO2 layers in order to study their electrical properties. The results indicate a strong memory effect at relatively low programming voltages (< 5V), due to the presence of Ge-ncs near the Si/SiO2 interface. Retention and charging times are however found to be incompatible with industrial requirements