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Статті в журналах з теми "Nano Doped Liquid Crystal"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2023

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1

Jiang, Yan Li, Yan Liu, Li Juan Yang, Jia Yao Liu, and Yu Fei Lin. "Ionic Liquid Assisted Sol-Gel Prepared Ce-Doped ZnO." Advanced Materials Research 490-495 (March 2012): 3262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.490-495.3262.

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Ce4+-doped zinc oxide was prepared by Ionic liquid assisted sol - gel method using oxalic acid and zinc acetate as starting material for the first time. And rhodamine B as the target material to study ionic liquid assisted preparation of Ce4+-doped ZnO photocatalytic performance. ZnO was determined by SEM and XRD for introduction of ionic liquids and Ce4+ derived from nano-ZnO surface morphology and crystal before and after. The results show that the Ce4+-doped nano-ZnO crystal structure of a rod. In ionic liquids based on the Ce4+-doped photocatalytic properties of ZnO better. The degradation of rhodamine B 30min when the degradation rate of 90%.

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2

Kamanina, N. V., S. V. Likhomanova, Yu A. Zubtcova, A. A. Kamanin, and A. Pawlicka. "Functional Smart Dispersed Liquid Crystals for Nano- and Biophotonic Applications: Nanoparticles-Assisted Optical Bioimaging." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8989250.

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Functional nematic liquid crystal structures doped with nano- and bioobjects have been investigated. The self-assembling features and the photorefractive parameters of the structured liquid crystals have been comparatively studied via microscopy and laser techniques. Fullerene, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, DNA, and erythrocytes have been considered as the effective nano- and biosensitizers of the LC mesophase. The holographic recording technique based on four-wave mixing of the laser beams has been used to investigate the laser-induced change of the refractive index in the nano- and bioobjects-doped liquid crystal cells. The special accent has been given to novel nanostructured relief with vertically aligned carbon nanotubes at the interface: solid substrate-liquid crystal mesophase. It has been shown that this nanostructured relief influences the orienting ability of the liquid crystal molecules with good advantage. As a result, it provokes the orientation of the DNA. The modified functional liquid crystal materials have been proposed as the perspective systems for both the photonics and biology as well as the medical applications.

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3

Sureshchandra J., Gupta, Pradnya Prabhu, Arvind Singh, Balakrishna Sreeram, Vinita Dhulia, Bhakti S. Yadav, and Anita Kanwar. "Studies of Nano-Particle Doped Liquid Crystal Mixtures." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 511, no. 1 (September 8, 2009): 75/[1545]—84/[1554]. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421400903048602.

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4

Zhang, Bingru, Kevin Martens, Luisa Kneer, Timon Funck, Linh Nguyen, Ricarda Berger, Mihir Dass, et al. "DNA Origami Nano-Sheets and Nano-Rods Alter the Orientational Order in a Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal." Nanomaterials 10, no. 9 (August 28, 2020): 1695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10091695.

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Rod-like and sheet-like nano-particles made of desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fabricated by the DNA origami method (base sequence-controlled self-organized folding of DNA) are dispersed in a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal made of an aqueous solution of disodium cromoglycate. The respective liquid crystalline nanodispersions are doped with a dichroic fluorescent dye and their orientational order parameter is studied by means of polarized fluorescence spectroscopy. The presence of the nano-particles is found to slightly reduce the orientational order parameter of the nematic mesophase. Nano-rods with a large length/width ratio tend to preserve the orientational order, while more compact stiff nano-rods and especially nano-sheets reduce the order parameter to a larger extent. In spite of the difference between the sizes of the DNA nano-particles and the rod-like columnar aggregates forming the liquid crystal, a similarity between the shapes of the former and the latter seems to be better compatible with the orientational order of the liquid crystal.

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5

Pandey, KamalKr, Abhishek Kumar Misra, and Rajiv Manohar. "Nano Doped Weakly Polar versus Highly Polar Liquid Crystal." Advanced Electrochemistry 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/adel.2014.1032.

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6

Pandey, Kamal Kumar, Abhishek Kumar Misra, and Rajiv Manohar. "Nano-doped weakly polar versus highly polar liquid crystal." Applied Nanoscience 6, no. 2 (March 7, 2015): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-015-0423-9.

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7

Ko, Doo-Hyun, Stephen M. Morris, Alexander Lorenz, Flynn Castles, Haider Butt, Damian J. Gardiner, Malik M. Qasim, et al. "A nano-patterned photonic crystal laser with a dye-doped liquid crystal." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 5 (July 29, 2013): 051101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4816243.

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8

Gharde, Rita A., and Sangeeta Y. Thakare. "Optical Study of Liquid Crystal Doped with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 04 (August 2014): 1440001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14400018.

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Анотація:

Liquid crystalline materials have been useful for display devices i.e watches, calculators, automobile dashboards, televisions, multi media projectors etc. as well as in electro tunable lasers, optical fibers and lenses. Carbon nanotube is chosen as the main experimental factor in this study as it has been observed that Carbon Nano Tube influence the existing properties of liquid crystal host and with the doping of CNT can enhance1 the properties of LC. The combination of carbon nanotube (CNT) and liquid crystal (LC) materials show considerable interest in the scientific community due to unique physical properties of CNT in liquid crystal. Dispersion of CNTs in LCs can provide us a cheap, simple, versatile and effective means of controlling nanotube orientation on macroscopic scale with no restrictions on nanotube type. LCs have the long range orientational order rendering them to be anisotropic phases. If CNTs can be well dispersed in LC matrix, they will align with their long axes along the LC director to minimize distortions of the LC director field and the free energy. In this paper, we doped liquid crystal (Cholesteryl Nonanoate) by a small amount of multiwall carbon nanotube 0.05% and 0.1% wt. We found that by adding carbon nanotube to liquid crystals the melting point of the mixture is decreased but TNI is increased. It has been also observed that with incereas in concentration of carbon nanotube into liquid crystal shows conciderable effect on LC. The prepared samples were characterized using various techniques to study structural, thermal and optical properties i.e PMS, FPSS, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR measurements, and DTA.

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9

Manohar, R., Satya Prakash Yadav, Abhishek Kumar Misra, and Kamal Kumar Pandey. "Dipole Dynamics of a Nano Doped Weakly Polar Liquid Crystal." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 534, no. 1 (January 13, 2011): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15421406.2011.536481.

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10

Murakami, Riichi, Shinichiro Fukui, Daisuke Yonekura, and Cheolmun Yim. "Study of Boron-Doped Diamond Films by Microwave Plasma CVD Method." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1883–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1883.

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Boron-doped diamonds were deposited by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) method in order to investigate the influence of inlet boron concentration on the film properties. The substrate material of the specimens was pure titanium (99.9 %). Boron source was introduced into the vacuum chamber by bubbling of B2O3, acetone and methanol mixture. Samples were produced with different B2O3 concentrations in mixture (1000 ppm, 5000 ppm, and 10000 ppm). The surface morphology of the samples was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction was used to identify crystal structures of the films. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy was used to examine the qualitative boron contents in the films. For low B2O3 concentrations in liquid mixture (1000 ppm), the surface morphology of the film showed both micro crystalline diamond and nano crystalline diamond. For medium B2O3 concentrations in liquid mixture (5000 ppm), the surface morphology of the film was also consisted of micro crystalline diamond and nano crystalline diamond. However, the content of micro crystalline diamond decreased in comparison with low B2O3 concentration. For high B2O3 concentration in liquid mixture (10000 ppm), the surface morphology of the film was almost dominated by nano crystalline diamond. Therefore, the crystal size of boron doped diamond decreased with increasing boron concentration. From these results, it appears that boron will restrain the growth of diamond crystal during deposition.

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11

Jaggi, Chinky, Pankaj Kumar, and Praveen Malik. "Studies of Electro-Optic and Thermal Behaviour of Azo Dye Doped Vertically Aligned Liquid Crystal." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.0163ecst.

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The performance of liquid crystal (LC) display devices significantly depends on the usage of an optimized concentration of dopant. Thus, in the present study, vertically aligned liquid crystals (VALCs) display cells were prepared using dispersion of zinc oxide (ZnO) nano particles into host nematic liquid crystal (NLC) without any surface treatment. Further, the sample mixture was doped with fixed concentration of 0.5% of azo dye. Both the sample cells were analyzed and compared for morphological, electro-optical (E-O) and thermal behaviour. Results show the improvement in voltage-transmittance characteristics with lowering of threshold and operating voltage, however the contrast ratio (CR) for dye doped sample cell was found to be degraded. This degradation may be possibly due to much lower transition temperature at this concentration of dye, which further might because of higher OFF state and lesser ON state transmittance due to disturbance in intrinsic LC order. As, the thermal study showed the doping of 0.5% of azo dye reduced the transition temperature to 410 for dye doped VALC from 680 of VALC sample. Hence, these results indicate that a control amount of dichroic dye is a crucial measure for an adequate performance of VALC display.

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12

Zhang Menghua, 张梦华, 郑继红 Zheng Jihong, 唐平玉 Tang Pingyu, 郭彩虹 Guo Caihong, and 王康妮 Wang Kangni. "High Efficiency Nano-Silver-Doped Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Grating." Acta Optica Sinica 33, no. 1 (2013): 0105002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201333.0105002.

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13

Pal, K., U. N. Maiti, T. P. Majumder, P. Dash, N. C. Mishra, N. Bennis, and J. M. Otón. "Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy of CdS nano-wires doped ferroelectric liquid crystal." Journal of Molecular Liquids 164, no. 3 (December 2011): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2011.09.023.

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14

Liu, Yourong, Jihong Zheng, Tong Shen, Kangni Wang, and Songlin Zhuang. "Diffusion kinetics investigations of Nano Ag-doped holographic polymer dispersed liquid crystal gratings." Liquid Crystals 46, no. 12 (May 13, 2019): 1852–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2019.1611963.

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15

Kamanin, A. A., and N. V. Kamanina. "Structure Features, Medical Implementation and Nonlinear Optics of Nano-Objects-Doped Liquid Crystal." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 23, no. 6 (July 4, 2008): 548–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426910802157698.

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16

Kamanina, Natalia. "LIQUID CRYSTAL MATERIALS ORIENTATION USING NEW APPROACH." CBU International Conference Proceedings 7 (September 30, 2019): 933–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v7.1478.

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It is well known that the liquid crystal (LC) mesophase is actively used in display technique and biomedicine devices. Unfortunately, the switching time of the devices based on the LCs is not fast enough; thus, it is very important to find novel perspective ways to obtain the good switching time of the LC dipoles used in these devices. Initial orientation of the LC molecules influences the dynamic parameters, for example, the switch-on and switch-off characteristics and the diffraction efficiency of the final devices. Among the different methods and approaches to find the optimized orientation of the inertial LC molecules a nanotechnology approach has shown the best results. This approach allows increasing the transparency, to decrease the resistivity and the number of the functional layers in the sandwich LC structures. Thus, it results in a decrease in the applied bias voltage. The effect is based on the fact that the ITO coating can be considered as the conducting layer and as the orienting (alignment) layer simultaneously. In the current paper, we continue our steps in the direction to find the best way of the LC molecules orientation. It is proposed to consider the LC media sensitization process as the method to change the surface relief when this relief is prepared from the polymeric orienting materials doped with the carbon nano-objects. Based on the solid fullerene-doped polyimide thin films and other organics it can be shown that the content of the fullerenes influences the wetting angle significantly. The fullerene concentration is correlated with the different surface relief view applied in the aligning of the LC molecules. The switching of the LC can be improved; furthermore the novel relief depended on the fullerene content can be used for the optical limiting of the laser irradiation.

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17

Fukushima, Hiroshi, Isamu Kuchiwaki, and Takahiro Hirabayashi. "In Situ HREM Studies of Grain Boundary Formation during Solidification of B-Doped Silicon." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 3875–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.3875.

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In situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopy experiments were applied to examine the nano-scale solidification process of boron-doped silicon from the liquid state. Fine particles of the specimen were first heated up to the melting temperature using a TEM heating-holder, and then gradually cooled across the melting temperature. The specimen was observed nearly along [001] direction. The lattice fringe of (220) plane was observed during solidification, and this part combined with the other liquid part to make a twist boundary. The angle between the (220) planes of these two crystal grains was close to the rotation angle of the (001) Σ5 twist boundary.

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18

Otón, Eva, Morten Andreas Geday, Caterina Maria Tone, José Manuel Otón, and Xabier Quintana. "Aligning lyotropic liquid crystals with unconventional organic layers." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.701.

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Lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLC) are a kind of LCs far less known and more difficult to control than conventional thermotropic nematics. Nevertheless, LCLCs are a preferred option -often the only one- for applications where hydrophilic materials must be employed. Being water-soluble, LCLC can be used in numerous biology related devices, for example in target detection in lab-on-chip devices. However, their properties and procedures to align them are still less explored, with only a very limited number of options available, especially for homeotropic alignment. In this work, novel organic alignment layers and alignment properties have been explored for selected LCLCs. Non-conventional organic alignment layers were tested and new suitable procedures and materials for both homogeneous and homeotropic alignments have been found. Full Text: PDF ReferencesS.L. Hefinstine, O.D. Lavrentovich, C.J. Woolverton, "Lyotropic liquid crystal as a real-time detector of microbial immune complexes", Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 43, 27 (2006). CrossRef M.A. Geday, M. Ca-o-García, J.M. Escolano, E. Otón, J.M. Otón, X. Quintana, Conference on Liquid Crystals CLC'16, Poland (2016).M.A. Geday, E. Otón, J.M. Escolano, J.M. Otón, X. Quintana, Patent WO 2015193525 (2015). DirectLink Yu.A. Nastishin et al., "Optical characterization of the nematic lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals: Light absorption, birefringence, and scalar order parameter", Phys. Rev. E, 72 (4) 41711 (2005). CrossRef A. Mcguire, et al., "Orthogonal Orientation of Chromonic Liquid Crystals by Rubbed Polyamide Films", Chem. Phys. Chem. 15 (7) (2014). CrossRef J. Jeong, et al., "Homeotropic Alignment of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystals Using Noncovalent Interactions", Langmuir 30(10) 2914 (2014). CrossRef J.Y. Kim, H.-Tae Jung, "Macroscopic alignment of chromonic liquid crystals using patterned substrates", Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 10362 (2016). CrossRef E. Otón, J.M. Escolano, X. Quintana, J.M. Otón, M.A. Geday, "Aligning lyotropic liquid crystals with silicon oxides", Liq. Cryst. 42 (8) 1069 (2015). CrossRef H.S. Park, et al., "Condensation of Self-Assembled Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Sunset Yellow in Aqueous Solutions Crowded with Polyethylene Glycol and Doped with Salt", Langmuir 27, 4164 (2011). CrossRef H.S. Park, et al., "Self-Assembly of Lyotropic Chromonic Liquid Crystal Sunset Yellow and Effects of Ionic Additives", J. Phys. Chem. B 112, 16307 (2008). CrossRef R Caputo et al., "POLICRYPS: a liquid crystal composed nano/microstructure with a wide range of optical and electro-optical applications", J. Opt. A: Pure Appl. Opt. 11, 024017 (2009). CrossRef

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19

Kamanina, Natalia V., Sergey V. Serov, Yann Bretonniere, and Chantal Andraud. "Organic Systems and Their Photorefractive Properties under the Nano- and Biostructuration: Scientific View and Sustainable Development." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/278902.

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Essential improvement of the photorefractive parameters of theorganicstructures has been found via nano- and biostructuring process. The spectral and self-assembling features which can support the photorefractive effect of some conjugated materials, including the liquid crystal ones, have been presented. To investigate the laser-induced change of the refractive index of the nano- and bio-objects-doped materials the holographic recording technique has been used. Moreover some innovative perspective dyes have been applied to study the effect of the rotation of the polarization plane of light. The area of application of the modified materials has been discussed. The tendency to replace the nanotechnology process with the biotechnology ones has been predicted.

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20

Wang Kangni, 王康妮, 郑继红 Zheng Jihong, 桂坤 Gui Kun, 张梦华 Zhang Menghua, 郭彩虹 Guo Caihong, and 韦晓鹏 Wei Xiaopeng. "Surface Plasmon Resonance of Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Grating Doped with Nano-Ag." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 51, no. 2 (2014): 021603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop51.021603.

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21

Nimmy, John V., Subash Cherumannil Karumuthil, and Soney Varghese. "Nano P(VDF-TrFE) doped polyimide alignment layers for twisted nematic liquid crystal devices." Liquid Crystals 47, no. 1 (June 12, 2019): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678292.2019.1623334.

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22

Liu, Yang, Jingxin Sang, Hao Liu, Haiqin Xu, Shuguang Zhao, Jiatong Sun, Ju Hwan Lee, Hae-Chang Jeong, and Dae-Shik Seo. "Decreasing the Residual DC Voltage by Neutralizing the Charged Mobile Ions in Liquid Crystals." Crystals 9, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9040181.

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The decrease of the residual direct current (DC) voltage (Vrdc) of the anti-parallel liquid crystal (LC) cell using silver (Ag)-doped Polyimide (Ag-d-PI) alignment layers is presented in this manuscript. A series of Ag/PI composite thin layers are prepared by spurting or doping PI thin layers with Ag nano-particles, and Ag/PI composite thin layers are highly transparent and resistive. LC are homogeneously aligned between 2.0 mg/ml Ag-d-PI alignment layers, and the Vrdc of the cell that assembled with Ag-d-PI alignment layers decreases about 82%. The decrease of Vrdc is attributed to the trapping and neutralizing of mobile ions by Ag nano-particles. Regardless of the effect of Ag nano-particles on the conductivity of Ag-d-PI alignment layers, the voltage holding ratio (VHR) of the cells is maintained surprisingly. The experiment results reveal a simple design for a low Vrdc LC cell.

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23

Cheon, C. I., L. Li, A. Glushchenko, J. L. West, Yuri Reznikov, J. S. Kim, and D. H. Kim. "45.2: Electro-Optics of Liquid Crystals Doped with Ferroelectric Nano-Powder." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 36, no. 1 (2005): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.2036286.

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24

Shoarinejad, Saeedeh, and Roshanak Mohammadi Siahboomi. "Ordering behavior and electric response of a ferroelectric nano-doped liquid crystal with ion impurity effects." Journal of Applied Physics 129, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 025101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0027493.

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25

Shoarinejad, Saeedeh, and Roshanak Mohammadi Siahboomi. "Ordering behavior and electric response of a ferroelectric nano-doped liquid crystal with ion impurity effects." Journal of Applied Physics 129, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 025101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0027493.

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26

Tripathi, Pankaj Kr, Abhishek Kr Misra, Shashwati Manohar, Swadesh Kr Gupta, and Rajiv Manohar. "Improved dielectric and electro-optical parameters of ZnO nano-particle (8% Cu2+) doped nematic liquid crystal." Journal of Molecular Structure 1035 (March 2013): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2012.10.052.

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27

Xiang, Ying, Yi-Kun Liu, Yong-Hai Chen, Yu-Bing Guo, Ming-Ya Xu, Zhen Ding, Tian Xia, et al. "Investigation of the geometrical effect on photoelectric properties of nano-ZnO with doped liquid crystal technique." Applied Physics A 108, no. 3 (May 16, 2012): 745–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-012-6961-z.

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28

Osipov, Mikhail A., Alexey S. Merekalov, and Alexander A. Ezhov. "Effect of Rod-like Nanoparticles on the Dielectric Susceptibility of Nematic Nano-Composites: A Molecular Theory." Crystals 12, no. 12 (December 15, 2022): 1827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12121827.

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The effect of rod-like nanoparticles on the high-frequency dielectric susceptibility of the nematic nano-composites has been investigated in the framework of a molecular theory. Analytical expressions for the components of the effective polarizability of a rod-like nanoparticle in the nematic host have been obtained and used in the calculations of the dielectric susceptibility of the composites as functions of the nanoparticle volume fraction. Numerical calculations of the susceptibility have been undertaken using the nematic liquid crystal 5CB as a host doped with either gold or silver particles for different values of the concentration of nanoparticles. It has been shown that the rod-like nanoparticles have a much stronger effect on the components of the dielectric susceptibility of the nano-composites including, in particular, the one with gold nanoparticles in the vicinity of the plasmon resonance. The main conclusion is that at sufficiently large concentration of nanoparticles, the anisotropy of the dielectric susceptibility of the nano-composites may even change the sign with an increasing concentration which may be important for various applications.

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29

Zheng, Jihong, Kun Gui, Menghua Zhang, Kangni Wang, Caihong Guo, and Songlin Zhuang. "The Frequency Modulation Electro-Optical Response of Holographic Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal Display Doped With Nano Ag." Journal of Display Technology 10, no. 3 (March 2014): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jdt.2013.2294680.

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30

Manohar, Rajiv, A. K. Srivastava, Pankaj K. Tripathi, and Dharmendra P. Singh. "Dielectric and electro-optical study of ZnO nano rods doped ferroelectric liquid crystals." Journal of Materials Science 46, no. 18 (September 2011): 5969–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10853-011-5556-y.

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31

Lee, C. R., S. H. Lin, C. H. Guo, S. H. Chang, T. S. Mo, and S. C. Chu. "All-optically controllable random laser based on a dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal with nano-sized droplets." Optics Express 18, no. 3 (January 21, 2010): 2406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.18.002406.

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32

Şentürk, E., M. Okutan, S. E. San, and O. Köysal. "Debye type dielectric relaxation in carbon nano-balls’ and 4-DMAABCA acid doped E7 coded nematic liquid crystal." Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 354, no. 30 (July 2008): 3525–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2008.03.044.

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33

Kubiak, Adam, Anna Grzegórska, Joanna Zembrzuska, Anna Zielińska-Jurek, Katarzyna Siwińska-Ciesielczyk, Marcin Janczarek, Piotr Krawczyk, and Teofil Jesionowski. "Design and Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of TiO2-Lanthanides Systems and Evaluation of Photocatalytic Activity under UV-LED Light Irradiation." Catalysts 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12010008.

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The TiO2-Eu and TiO2-La systems were successfully synthesized using the microwave method. Based on the results of X-ray diffraction analysis, it was found that regardless of the analyzed systems, two crystal structures were noted for the obtained samples: anatase and rutile. The analysis, such as XPS and EDS, proved that the doped lanthanum and europium nano-particles are present only on the TiO2 surface without disturbing the crystal lattice. In the synthesized systems, there were no significant changes in the bandgap energy. Moreover, all the obtained systems were characterized by high thermal stability. One of the key objectives of the work, and a scientific novelty, was the introduction of UV-LED lamps into the metronidazole photo-oxidation pathway. The results of the photo-oxidation study showed that the obtained TiO2 systems doped with selected lanthanides (Eu or La) show high efficiency in the removal of metronidazole, and at the same consuming nearly 10 times less electricity compared to conventional UV lamps (high-pressure mercury lamp). Liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of an intermediate solution showed the presence of fragments of the degraded molecule by m/z 114, 83, and 60, prompting the formulation of a plausible photodegradation pathway for metronidazole.

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34

Yu, Tao, Xin Tan, and Ling Zhang. "Preparation and Characterization of Lanthanum (La)-Doped TiO₂." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 1036–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.1036.

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Lanthanum-doped anatase TiO2 coatings, which were composed of assemble crystalline of 50 nm diameter particles have been successfully fabricated by sol–gel dip-coating process on light leakage quartz fiber (LQF) which length is 15cm and diameter is 125μm. This was achieved by adjustment of the lanthanum-doped sol–gel parameters such as molar ratio of precursors in lanthanum-doped TiO2-sols, the ratio of titanium tetrabutoxide to polyvinyl alcohol, dip-coating velocity, drying duration in air, thermal treatment and number of cyclical time of the process. Titania nano crystals were prepared by ambient temperature in a liquid media using titanium tetrabutoxide as precursor, and the crystallization of amorphous precursor was preceded by peptizing with acid and then refluxing for a periodic time in homothermal water-bath. The photocatalytic properties of the lanthanum-doped TiO2 films were testified by the photo degradation of methyl orange. The lanthanum-doped anatase TiO2 thin films were characterized by XRD and TEM.

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35

KAMANINA, NATALIA V., SERGEY V. SEROV, VICTOR P. SAVINOV, and DRAGAN P. USKOKOVIĆ. "PHOTOREFRACTIVE AND PHOTOCONDUCTIVE FEATURES OF THE NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2010): 695–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064319.

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Анотація:

Photoconductive and photorefractive characteristics of fullerene- and nanotubes-doped organic thin films based on conjugated organics, such as polyimide, polyaniline, pyridine, etc. have been studied. In addition, the liquid crystal mesophase with nanoobjects has been investigated. The increase of the charge carrier mobility of nanosensitized organics has been established. The nonlinear refraction and cubic nonlinearity have been investigated at wavelength of 532 nm via four-wave mixing technique using Raman-Nath diffraction regime. The thin holographic grating has been written at the spatial frequencies placed in the range of 90-150 mm-1. The energy density has been chosen in the range of 0.1-0.9 J × cm -2. The correlation between photoconductive and nonlinear optical parameters has been revealed. The nanostructured materials can be proposed for different area of nano- and microelectronic applications.

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36

Lee, Jae-Jin, and Suk-Won Choi. "Preferential Circularly Polarized Luminescence from a Nano-Segregated Liquid Crystalline Phase Using a Polymerized Twisted Nematic Platform." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 29, 2020): 2529. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112529.

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In this study, a polymerized twisted nematic (TN) network was used as an extrinsic chiral platform to overcome the heterogeneity during spontaneous symmetry breaking in a mixed system comprising an achiral bent-core molecule and rod-like mesogen. The TN platform was prepared by photopolymerizing a reactive mesogen dispersed in a low molecular weight liquid crystal with TN orientation. The use of TN orientation to correct the degeneracy in bent-core molecular systems has been previously reported; however, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that uses an extrinsic chiral platform of a polymerized TN network. The heterogeneity in the nano-segregated phase of the achiral mixture was suppressed using the extrinsic TN platform with a twisted angle θ of ≥ |±30°|. When an achiral mixture doped with a luminescent guest molecule was refilled into the extrinsic chiral platform, preferential deracemization with one-handedness occurred, corresponding to the handedness of the TN platform. Therefore, circularly polarized luminescence with a preferential handedness can be achieved using this extrinsic chiral platform.

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37

Guo, Ai Hong, Wen Bo Su, Chun Na Zhang, and Feng Yuan. "The Preparation of Nano-TiO₂ Films Doped with ZnO or Fe₂O₃." Advanced Materials Research 700 (May 2013): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.700.15.

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Prepare TiO2doped with ZnO or Fe2O3composite photocatalytic film by using sol-gel method and characterize its microstructure and light absorption performance with X-ray diffraction instrument (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The results show that: particles of TiO2doped with Fe2O3composite photocatalytic film are uniform and well dispersed; the rough surface of the film has a certain gap which is helpful for the adhesion of gas and liquid; the diameter of the particles is about 50 nm. The crystal grain size of TiO2film doped with ZnO is bigger, about 100 nm; the gap of the film is less and particles are nearly spherical and protruding, the shape of grain is structured. The absorption spectrum of TiO2doped with ZnO or Fe2O3has a red shift and both of their absorption intensity is higher than that of pure TiO2film in the scope of the ultraviolet and visible region.

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38

Lee, Dong-Wook, Da-Bin Yang, Dong-Hyun Kim, Jin-Young Oh, Yang Liu, and Dae-Shik Seo. "Anisotropic Surface Formation Based on Brush-Coated Nickel-Doped Yttrium Oxide Film for Enhanced Electro-Optical Characteristics in Liquid Crystal Systems." Crystals 12, no. 11 (October 31, 2022): 1554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst12111554.

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This paper introduces anisotropic nickel yttrium oxide (NYO) film formed by the brush coating technique. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed well-formed NYO film after the curing process, and the morphology of the surface was investigated using atomic force microscopy. The shear stress driven from brush hair movements caused the nano/micro-grooved anisotropic surface structure of NYO. This anisotropic surface induced uniform liquid crystal (LC) alignment on the surface, which was confirmed by pre-tilt angle analysis and polarized optical microscopy. The contact angle measurements revealed an increase in hydrophilicity at higher temperature curing, which contributed to homogenous LC alignment. The NYO film achieved good optical transmittance and thermal stability as an LC alignment layer. In addition, the film demonstrated good electro-optical properties, stable switching, and significantly enhanced operating voltage performance in a twisted-nematic LC system. Therefore, we expect that this brush coating method can be applied to various inorganic materials to achieve an advanced LC alignment layer.

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39

Sharifimehr, Mohammad Reza, Kazem Ayoubi, and Ezeddin Mohajerani. "Fabrication, morphological investigation and spectral characterization of nano-encapsulated azo dye-doped nematic liquid crystals." Journal of Molecular Liquids 313 (September 2020): 113576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113576.

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40

Assanto, Gaetano, Sreekanth Perumbilavil, Armando Piccardi, and Martti Kauranen. "Electro-optic steering of random laser emission in liquid crystals." Photonics Letters of Poland 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v10i4.852.

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Using an external low-frequency electric field applied to dye-doped nematic liquid crystals, we demonstrate that random lasing obtained by optical pumping can be steered in angular direction by routing an all-optical waveguide able to collect the emitted light. By varying the applied voltage from 0 to 2 V, we reduce the walk-off and sweep the random laser guided beam over 7 degrees. Full Text: PDF ReferencesV. S. Letokhov, "Generation of light by a scattering medium with negative resonance absorption," Sov. Phys. JETP 26 (4), 835 (1968). DirectLink H. Cao, J. Y. Xu, D. Z. Zhang, S.-H. Chang, S. T. Ho, E. W. Seelig, X. Liu, and R. P. H. Chang, "Spatial Confinement of Laser Light in Active Random Media," Phys. Rev. Lett. 84 (24), 5584 (2000). CrossRef D. S. Wiersma, "The physics and applications of random lasers," Nature Phys. 4 (5) 359-367 (2008). CrossRef D. Wiersma and S. Cavalieri, "A temperature-tunable random laser," Nature 414, 708-709 (2001). CrossRef G. Strangi, S. Ferjani, V. Barna, A. De Luca, N. Scaramuzza, C. Versace, C. Umeton, and R. Bartolino, "Random lasing and weak localization of light in dye-doped nematic liquid crystals," Opt. Express 14 (17), 7737 (2006). CrossRef G. Strangi, S. Ferjani, V. Barna, A. De Luca, C. Versace, N. Scaramuzza, and R. Bartolino, "Random lasing in dye doped nematic liquid crystals: the role of confinement geometry," SPIE 6587, 65870P (2007) doi: 10.1117/12.722887 CrossRef S. Ferjani, V. Barna, A. De Luca, C. Versace, and G. Strangi, "Random lasing in freely suspended dye-doped nematic liquid crystals," Opt. Lett. 33(6), 557-559 (2008). CrossRef S. Ferjani, L-V. Sorriso, V. Barna, A. De Luca, R. De Marco, and G. Strangi, "Statistical analysis of random lasing emission properties in nematic liquid crystals," Phys. Rev. E 78 (1) 011707 (2008). CrossRef H. Bian, F. Yao, H. Liu, F. Huang, Y. Pei, C. Hou, and X. Sun, "Optically controlled random lasing based on photothermal effect in dye-doped nematic liquid crystals," Liq. Cryst. 41 (10), 1436-1441 (2014) CrossRef C. R. Lee, S. H. Lin, C. H. Guo, S. H. Chang, T. S. Mo, and S. C. Chu, "All-optically controllable random laser based on a dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal with nano-sized droplets," Opt. Express 18 (3), 2406-2412 (2010) CrossRef S. Perumbilavil, A. Piccardi, O. Buchnev, M. Kauranen, G. Strangi, and G. Assanto, "Soliton-assisted random lasing in optically-pumped liquid crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 109(16), 161105 (2016); ibid. 110(1), 1019902 (2017). CrossRef S. Perumbilavil, A. Piccardi, O. Buchnev, M. Kauranen, G. Strangi, and G. Assanto, "All-optical guided-wave random laser in nematic liquid crystals", Opt. Express 25 (5), 4672-4679 (2017). CrossRef S. Perumbilavil, A. Piccardi, R. Barboza, O. Buchnev, M. Kauranen, G. Strangi, and G. Assanto, "Beaming random laser with soliton control," Nature Comm., in press (2018) CrossRef M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca and C. Umeton, "Routing of Anisotropic Spatial Solitons and Modulational Instability in liquid crystals," Nature 432, 733-737 (2004). CrossRef J. Beeckman, K. Neyts and M. Haeltermann, "Patterned electrode steering of nematicons," J. Opt. A - Pure Appl. Opt. 8 (2), 214-220 (2006). CrossRef A. Piccardi, M. Peccianti, G. Assanto, A. Dyadyusha and M. Kaczmarek, "Voltage-driven in-plane steering of nematicons," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 091106 (2009). CrossRef R. Barboza, A. Alberucci, and G. Assanto, "Large electro-optic beam steering with Nematicons", Opt. Lett. 36 (14), 2611–2613 (2011). CrossRef A. Piccardi, A. Alberucci, R. Barboza, O. Buchnev, M. Kaczmarek, and G. Assanto, "In-plane steering of nematicon waveguides across an electrically adjusted interface", Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 (25), 251107 (2012). CrossRef Y. V. Izdebskaya, "Routing of spatial solitons by interaction with rod microelectrodes," Opt. Lett. 39(6), 1681-1684 (2014). CrossRef A. Pasquazi, A. Alberucci, M. Peccianti, and G. Assanto, "Signal processing by opto-optical interactions between self-localized and free propagating beams in liquid crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 261104 (2005). CrossRef S. V. Serak, N. V. Tabiryan, M. Peccianti and G. Assanto, "Spatial Soliton All-Optical Logic Gates", IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 18 (12), 1287-1289 (2006). CrossRef M. Peccianti, C. Conti, G. Assanto, A. De Luca and C. Umeton, "All Optical Switching and Logic Gating with Spatial Solitons in Liquid Crystals," Appl. Phys. Lett. 81(18), 3335-3337 (2002). CrossRef A. Fratalocchi, A. Piccardi, M. Peccianti and G. Assanto, "Nonlinearly controlled angular momentum of soliton clusters," Opt. Lett. 32(11), 1447-1449 (2007). CrossRef Y. Izdebskaya, V. Shvedov, G. Assanto, and W. Krolikowski, Nat. Comm. 8, 14452 (2017). CrossRef M. Peccianti and G. Assanto, "Nematicons," Phys. Rep. 516, 147-208 (2012). CrossRef Y. Izdebskaya, A. Desyatnikov, G. Assanto and Y. Kivshar, "Deflection of nematicons through interaction with dielectric particles," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 30(6), 1432-1437 (2013). CrossRef U. Laudyn, M. Kwasny, F. Sala, M. Karpierz, N. F. Smyth, and G. Assanto,"Curved solitons subject to transverse acceleration in reorientational soft matter," Sci. Rep. 7, 12385 (2017). CrossRef A. Alberucci, A. Piccardi, M. Peccianti, M. Kaczmarek and G. Assanto, "Propagation of spatial optical solitons in a dielectric with adjustable nonlinearity", Phys. Rev. A 82, 023806 (2010). CrossRef

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41

Chang, Hong, Fangxia Zhao, Zhenzhong Zhang, Quan Sun, and Hongfei Yang. "Influence of Co on the Microstructure, Electrochemical and Pseudocapacitive Properties of Amorphous Manganese Dioxide." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 13–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3164.

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Manganese dioxide is a cathode material for zinc-ion batteries which is low in cost and high in performance, whereas, traditional manganese dioxide materials have poor cycle stability and poor conductivity. In response to this problem, many researchers have carried out related research, such as the preparation of various crystal forms of manganese dioxide, element doping (Co, Sn, V, etc.) and so on. However, the research on doping amorphous materials to solve the above problems is in scarcity. In this paper, amorphous manganese oxide and Co doping were combined for the first time, and Co-doped amorphous manganese dioxide was prepared by in-situ liquid phase dispersion coprecipitation method. The influence of Co doping on the microstructure and electrochemical properties of amorphous manganese dioxide were also investigated for the first time. As can be observed from the results, despite that Co doping preserves the abundant structural defects in amorphous manganese dioxide, it transforms the amorphous manganese dioxide particles from spherical to nano-sheet shape, significantly increases the particular area of surface and pore size of amorphous manganese dioxide, and stabilizes its crystal structure. Furthermore, Co doping can not only reduce the impedance of the amorphous manganese dioxide cathode, but also extremely boost the pseudocapacitive performance of amorphous manganese dioxide, thereby greatly improving its discharge specific capacity, the rate performance and the cycle stability. The prepared Co-doped amorphous manganese dioxide cathode has a maximum discharge specific capacity of 325 mAh g−1, and a capacity retention rate of 64% at 600 cycles under a current density of 1 A g−1.

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42

Yu, Tao, Xin Tan, Peng Chen, and Hong Mei Wang. "Lanthanum-Doped Titania Film Coated on Light Leakage Fiber Photo-Degradation Methyl Orange." Advanced Materials Research 512-515 (May 2012): 1651–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.512-515.1651.

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Анотація:

Lanthanum-doped anatase TiO2coatings, which are composed of assemble crystalline of 50 nm diameter particles, when the percentage of dopant is 0.5 wt%, have been successfully fabricated by sol–gel dip-coating process on light leakage silica fiber (LSF) which length is 15cm and diameter is 125μm. This was achieved by adjustment of the lanthanum-doped sol–gel parameters such as molar ratio of precursors in lanthanum-doped TiO2-sols, the ratio of titanium tetrabutoxide to polyvinyl alcohol, dip-coating velocity, drying duration in air, thermal treatment and number of cyclical time of the process. Titania nano crystals were prepared at ambient temperature in a liquid media using titanium tetrabutoxide as precursor, and the crystallization of amorphous precursor was preceded by peptizing with acid and then refluxing for a periodic time in homothermal water-bath. The photocatalytic properties of the La-TiO2films had been testified by the photo degradation of methyl orange. The lanthanum-doped anatase TiO2thin films were characterized by XRD and TEM. The products show much improved photocatalytic activity that will be useful in the design of a novel antibacterial, deodorant and antipollution photo reactor.

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43

Okutan, Mustafa, S. Eren San, Oğuz Köysal, and Fahrettin Yakuphanoglu. "Investigation of refractive index dispersion and electrical properties in carbon nano-balls’ doped nematic liquid crystals." Physica B: Condensed Matter 362, no. 1-4 (May 2005): 180–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2005.02.009.

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44

Tran, Hai Nguyen. "Adsorption Technology for Water and Wastewater Treatments." Water 15, no. 15 (August 7, 2023): 2857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15152857.

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This Special Issue includes 12 research papers on the development of various materials for adsorbing different contaminants in water, such as Sb, Cr(VI), Cu(II), Zn(II), fluorine, phenol, dyes (indigo carmine, Congo red, methylene blue, and crystal violet), and drugs (dlevofloxacin, captopril, and diclofenac, and paracetamol). The commercial, natural, and synthetic materials used as adsorbents comprise commercial activated carbon, natural clay and montmorillonite, biosorbent based on sugarcane bagasse or algal, graphene oxide, graphene oxide-based magnetic nanomaterial, mesoporous Zr-G-C3N4 nanomaterial, nitrogen-doped core–shell mesoporous carbonaceous nano-sphere, magnetic Fe-C-N composite, polyaniline-immobilized ZnO nanorod, and hydroxy-iron/acid–base-modified sepiolite composite. Various operational conditions are evaluated under batch adsorption experiments, such as pH, NaCl, solid/liquid ratio, stirring speed, contact time, solution temperature, initial adsorbate concentration. The re-usability of laden materials is evaluated through adsorption–desorption cycles. Adsorption kinetics, isotherm, thermodynamics, and mechanisms are studied and discussed. Machine learning processes and statistical physics models are also applied in the field of adsorption science and technology.

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45

Zeng, Guangping, Qiaoling Zhang, Youzhi Liu, Shaochuang Zhang, and Jing Guo. "Preparation of TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 with an Impinging Stream-Rotating Packed Bed by the Precipitation Method for the Photodegradation of Gaseous Toluene." Nanomaterials 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2019): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9081173.

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Nano-TiO2 has always been one of the most important topics in the research of photocatalysts due to its special activity and stability. However, it has always been difficult to obtain nano-TiO2 with high dispersion, a small particle size and high photocatalytic activity. In this paper, nano-TiO2 powder was prepared by combining the high-gravity technique and direct precipitation method in an impinging stream-rotating packed bed (IS-RPB) reactor followed by Fe3+ in-situ doping. TiOSO4 and NH3·H2O solutions were cut into very small liquid microelements by high-speed rotating packing, and the mass transfer and microscopic mixing of the nucleation and growth processes of nano-TiO2 were strengthened in IS-RPB, which was beneficial to the continuous production of high quality nano-TiO2. Pure TiO2 and iron-doped nano-TiO2 (Fe-TiO2) were obtained in IS-RPB and were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis DRS) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, which found that pure TiO2 had a particle size of about 12.5 nm, good dispersibility and a complete anatase crystal at the rotating speed of packing of 800 rpm and calcination temperature of 500 °C. The addition of Fe3+ did not change the crystalline structure of TiO2. Iron was highly dispersed in TiO2 without the detection of aggregates and was found to exist in a positive trivalent form by XPS. With the increase of iron doping, the photoresponse range of TiO2 to visible light was broadened from 3.06 eV to 2.26 eV. The degradation efficiency of gaseous toluene by Fe-TiO2 under ultraviolet light was higher than that of pure TiO2 and commercial P25 due to Fe3+ effectively suppressing the recombination of TiO2 electrons and holes; the highest efficiency produced by 1.0% Fe-TiO2 was 95.7%.

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46

Wang, J. H., B. Y. Zhang, W. Z. Qu, H. S. Chu, and H. Li. "The kinetics of photo-polymerisation in the fabrication of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals doped with nano-graphite." Liquid Crystals 37, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02678290903294357.

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47

Kamanina, N., S. Putilin, and D. Stasel’ko. "Nano-, pico- and femtosecond study of fullerene-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystals: holographic recording and optical limiting effect." Synthetic Metals 127, no. 1-3 (March 2002): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(01)00602-6.

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48

Pawar, Amol Uttam, Ignasia Handipta Mahardika, and Young Soo Kang. "(Invited) Solar CO₂ Conversion into Liquid Fuels By Photoelectrochemical Approaches." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 36 (July 7, 2022): 1566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01361566mtgabs.

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Анотація:

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) system for the reduction of CO2 into liquid fuels of formaldehyde/acetaldehyde, methanol and ethanol with trace amount of hydrogen gas bubbling have been described in the aspect of thermodynamics and kinetics of the CO2 reduction reaction to have efficient method by lowering activation energy of CO2 reduction on the electron transfer reaction and to do reduction potential tuning of CO2 reduction reaction for the selective reduction products. Ca/Fe doped TiO2 photoanode oxidizes water and generates the large amount of O2, electrons and protons. On the other side, rGO(reduced graphene oxide)/PVP(poly(4-vinyl)pyridine)/Nafion multi-layers have been coated and fabricated on the surface of Cu foil cathode to reduce CO2 into formaldehyde and acetaldehyde. When solar light was irradiated on the surface of photoanode, electrons get excited to the conduction band of Ca/Fe doped TiO2 and transported to the cathode via external wire with low external bias potential. rGO on Cu foil has been used for the dual functions of reduction potential tuning and multi-electron shuttling process of CO2 reduction reaction. The multi-electron shuttling function was illuminated by larger number and longer life-time of excited electrons and generating electron cloud, which have been confirmed by time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) decay curves and 2D time-resolved photoluminescence (TR-PL) mapping images of Cu/rGO electrode. This allows the sequential multi-electron transport process from Cu/rGOcathode to CO2, which was studied with time-resolved chronoamperometry. N-heterocyclic poly(4-vinyl)pyridine (PVP) helps to capture and do chemical activation of reactant CO2 molecule by complexation as [PVP-CO2*] complex via charge separation and lowering transition state energy level of the electron transfer for the formation of anion radical of carbon dioxide complex with PVP as [e- + PVP-CO2*]≠ complex via electron delocalization, which is basically possible due to high basicity of lone pair electrons of nitrogen atoms of N-heterocyclic PVP compounds. These functions result in the lowered activation energy for the CO2 reduction reaction to have faster kinetics. The decreased amount of activation energy was determined with Tafel plots by measuring the slopes of it and semicircles of the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) Nyquist plots at different temperatures. Nafion film coated on the surface of cathode assists the faster transport of H+ ions to CO2 reduction reaction sites for the simultaneous one-pot reaction of proton coupled electron transfer reactions. In the photocataytic system with semi-conducting polymers, CO2 was conversed into liquid solar fuels like formaldehyde and alcohols with solar to fuel efficiency over 2.5% to produce liquid fuel products over mM concentration for 4 hour reaction. Chang Woo Kim, So Jin Yeob, Hui-Ming Cheng, Young Soo Kang*, Selectively Exposed Crystal Facet-Engineered TiO2 Thin Film Photoanode for the Higher Performance of Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Reaction, Energy and Environmental Sciences. 2015, 8, 3646. Amol U.Pawar, Chang WooKim, Myung Jong Kang, Young Soo Kang*, Crystal facet engineering of ZnO photoanode for the higher water splitting efficiency with proton transferable nafion film, Nano Energy 2015, 20, 156. Chang Woo Kim, Young Seok Son, Myung Jong Kang, Do Yoon Kim, Young Soo Kang*, (040)-Crystal Facet Engineering of BiVO4 Plate Photoanode for Solar Fuel Production, Energy Mater., 2016, 6, 1501754. Jin You Zheng, Amol Uttam Pawar, Chang Woo Kim, Yong Joo Kim, Young Soo Kang*, Highly enhancing photoelectrochemical performance of facilely-fabricated Bi-induced (002)-oriented WO3 film with intermittent short-time negative polarization, Applied Catalysis B 2018, 233, 88. Chang Woo Kim, Myung Jong Kang, Sohyun Ji, and Young Soo Kang*, Artificial Photosynthesis for Formaldehyde Production with 85% of Faradaic Efficiency by Tuning the Reduction Potential, ACS Catalysis 2018, 82, 968-974. Myung Jong Kang, Chang Woo Kim, Amol U. Pawar, Hyun Gil Cha, Sohyun Ji, Wen-Bin Cai, and Young Soo Kang*, Selective Alcohol on Dark Cathode by Photoelectrochemical CO2 Valorization and Their in-situ Characterization, minor revision, ACS Energy Lett. 2019, 4, 1549. Hong Ryeol Park, Amol Uttam Pawar, Umapada Pal, Tierui Zhang, Young Soo Kang, Enhanced solar photoreduction of CO2 to liquid fuel over rGO grafted NiO-CeO2 heterostructure nanocomposite, Nano Energy, 2021, 79, 105483. Amol U. Pawar, Umapada Pal, Jin You Zheng, Chang Woo Kim and Young Soo Kang*, Dynamics controlled CO2 reduction on Cu/rGO/PVP/Nafion multi-layered cathode for selective production of Acetaldehyde and Formaldehyde, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2022, 303, 120921.

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49

Okutan, Mustafa, S. Eren San, Engin Basaran, and Fahrettin Yakuphanoglu. "Determination of phase transition from nematic to isotropic state in carbon nano-balls' doped nematic liquid crystals by electrical conductivity-dielectric measurements." Physics Letters A 339, no. 6 (May 2005): 461–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.04.009.

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50

Gontier, Arthur, J. Marae-Djouda, R. Caputo, Y. Madi, M. Molinari, G. Léveque, P. M. Adam, and T. Maurer. "Optical properties of gold nanorods macro-structure: a numerical study." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i1.714.

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In this contribution, a numerical study of the optical properties of closely-packed gold nanorods was performed. The studied nano-objects are experimentally grown on a tilted polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrate by using physical vapor deposition (PVD). This method creates nanorods tilted to a certain angle with respect to the substrate normal. This geometry allows exciting both transverse and longitudinal modes of the rods. As demonstrated in a previous experimental work, such PVD-grown nano-objects show promising possibilities both as strain gauges or strain-tunable metamaterials if fabricated on a stretchable dielectric substrate. This numerical study is based on experimental data from previous work and pushes further the subject by approaching an optimized nano-structure allowing better strain-sensitivity (particularly by changing the auto-organization of the said nanorods). Full Text: PDF ReferencesJ.W.M. Chon, C. Bullen, P. Zijlstra, M. Gu, "Spectral encoding on Gold Nanorods Doped in a Silica Sol?Gel Matrix and Its Application to High-Density Optical Data Storage", Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 875 (2007). CrossRef C.-C. Chen, Y.-P. Lin, C.-W. Wang, H.-C. Tzeng, C.-H. Wu, Y.-C. Chen, C.-P. Chen, L.-C. Chen, Y.-C. Wu, "DNA?Gold Nanorod Conjugates for Remote Control of Localized Gene Expression by near Infrared Irradiation", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 3709 (2006). CrossRef J.N. Anker, W.P. Hall, O. Lyandres, N.C. Shah, J. Zhao, R.P. Van Duyne, "Biosensing with plasmonic nanosensors", Nat. Mater 7, 442 (2008). CrossRef B. Sepulveda, P.C. Angelome, L.M. Lechuga, L.M. Liz-Marzan?, "LSPR-based nanobiosensors", Nano Today 4, 244 (2009). CrossRef A. Haes, R.P. Van Duyne, "A Nanoscale Optical Biosensor: Sensitivity and Selectivity of an Approach Based on the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy of Triangular Silver Nanoparticles", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124, 10596 (2002). CrossRef J.C. Riboh, A.J. Haes, A.D. McFarland, C.R. Yonzon, R.P. Van Duyne, "A Nanoscale Optical Biosensor: Real-Time Immunoassay in Physiological Buffer Enabled by Improved Nanoparticle Adhesion", J. Phys. Chem. B 107, 1772 (2003). CrossRef C.R. Yonzon, E. Jeoung, S. Zou, G.C. Schatz, M. Mrksich, R.P. Van Duyne, "A Comparative Analysis of Localized and Propagating Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors: The Binding of Concanavalin A to a Monosaccharide Functionalized Self-Assembled Monolayer", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 126, 12669 (2004). CrossRef A.J. Haes, L. Chang, W.L. Klein, R.P. Van Duyne, "Detection of a Biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease from Synthetic and Clinical Samples Using a Nanoscale Optical Biosensor", J. Am. Chem. Soc. 127, 2264 (2005). CrossRef R. Caputo, G. Palermo, M.Infusino L. De Sio, "Liquid Crystals as an Active Medium: Novel Possibilities in Plasmonics", Nanospectroscopy 1, 40 (2015). CrossRef T. Maurer, J. Marae-Djouda, U. Cataldi, A. Gontier, G. Montay, Y. Madi, B. Panicaud, D. Macias, P.-M. Adam, G. Lév?que, T. Bürgi, R. Caputo, "The beginnings of plasmomechanics: towards plasmonic strain sensors", Frontiers of Materials Science 9, 170 (2015). CrossRef X. Niu, S. P. Stagon, H. Huang, J.K. Baldwin, A. Misra, "Smallest Metallic Nanorods Using Physical Vapor Deposition", Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 136102 (2013). CrossRef Lumerical Solutions, Inc. DirectLink P.K. Jain, W. Huang, M.A.El-Sayed, "On the Universal Scaling Behavior of the Distance Decay of Plasmon Coupling in Metal Nanoparticle Pairs: A Plasmon Ruler Equation", Nanoletters 7, 2080 (2007). CrossRef P.K. Jain, M.A. El-Sayed, "Plasmonic coupling in noble metal nanostructures", Chem. Phys. Letters 487, 153 (2010). CrossRef

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