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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 21 лютого 2023

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1

Semenov, Aggey, and Julian Wright. "Exclusion via Non‐Exclusive Contracts." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique 47, no. 1 (January 27, 2014): 325–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/caje.12076.

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2

Gokhale, Pradeep P. "An Exclusive Volume on Exclusion." Philosophy East and West 63, no. 4 (2013): 605–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pew.2013.0044.

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3

Stylianou, Konstantinos. "Exclusion in Digital Markets." Michigan Technology Law Review, no. 24.2 (2018): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.36645/mtlr.24.2.exclusion.

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This article recasts the existing analytical framework on exclusion to account for the technology-intensive nature of digital markets. It discusses: a) technological ways that affect the competitive intensity in digital markets b) empirical data on the durability of competitive advantage in digital markets, and c) the nature of exclusion as a monopolization tactic from a technological point of view The technology element is important because as a matter of order it is technological capabilities and limitations that define what the transactional overlay can be, not the other way around. Economists start from the pre-assumption that “in the beginning there [are] markets,” but in markets where the high technology element is prominent, which market actors, transactional interactions, and options are available, and under which conditions, is largely dependent on what is technically possible.

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4

Rodriguez, Amardo. "Exclusion Now, Exclusion Forever." Departures in Critical Qualitative Research 8, no. 4 (2019): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/dcqr.2019.8.4.41.

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5

Thomsen, D. E. "Violating a Not-so-Exclusive Exclusion Principle." Science News 133, no. 9 (February 27, 1988): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3972214.

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6

Claudio, Glaucia de Oliveira, and Leandro Bruno Santos. "OS ESPAÇOS DA EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL NA CIDADE DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES – RJ." Revista Cerrados 17, no. 02 (December 27, 2019): 66–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22238/rc24482692201917026695.

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Vivemos um momento marcado pela revalorização do território e sua utilização na análise e implementação de políticas públicas, sobretudo políticas sociais. Este texto aborda os processos de exclusão social, pobreza e desigualdade na cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes. Trata-se de uma cidade importante na rede urbana do estado do Rio de Janeiro, constituindo-se num polo regional relevante na oferta de comércio e serviços. Juntamente com outras cidades do Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes também tem sido utilizada como suporte para as atividades de exploração de petróleo na Bacia de Campos. Apesar de sua importância e da dinâmica econômica, a cidade é marcada por uma elevada exclusão social que, no tecido urbano, apresenta uma expressão territorial. Neste texto, pretendemos abordar a desigualdade sob a ótica da exclusão social, buscando contribuir com a produção e a leitura de indicadores sociais territorializados da Cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes – RJ, dando visibilidade às áreas de inclusão e exclusão social, por meio da espacialização dos dados secundários dos dois últimos censos demográficos (2000 e 2010) disponibilizados pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Com base nos indicadores, espacializamos os dados e verificamos a concentração de setores marcados pela elevada exclusão ao norte da cidade, tendo como grande divisor o Rio Paraíba do Sul. THE SPACES OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE CITY OF CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES-RJ ABSTRACT We live in a moment marked by the revaluation of the territory and its use in the analysis and implementation of public policies, especially social policies. This text addresses the processes of social exclusion, poverty and inequality in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes. It is an important city in the urban network of the state of Rio de Janeiro, constituting a relevant regional center in the supply of trade and services. Like other cities in Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes has also been used as support for oil exploration activities in the Campos Basin. Despite its importance and economic dynamics, the city is marked by a high social exclusion that, in the urban space, has a territorial expression. In this text, we intend to address inequality from the perspective of social exclusion, seeking to contribute to the production and reading of territorialized social indicators of Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ, giving visibility to the areas of social inclusion and exclusion, through the spatialization of secondary data from the last two demographic censuses (2000 and 2010) provided by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Based on the indicators, we spatialized the data and verified the concentration of sectors marked by the high exclusion to the north of the city, having as great divide the Paraíba do Sul River. Keywords: Inequality, social exclusion, Campos dos Goytacazes. LOS ESPACIOS DE EXCLUSIÓN SOCIAL EN LA CIUDAD DE CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES-RJ RESUMEN Hemos vivido un momento marcado por la revaluación del territorio y su uso en el análisis e implementación de políticas públicas, especialmente de las políticas sociales. Este texto aborda los procesos de exclusión social, pobreza y desigualdad en la ciudad de Campos dos Goytacazes. Es una ciudad importante en la red urbana del estado de Río de Janeiro, constituyendo un centro regional relevante en el suministro de comercio y servicios. Al igual que otras ciudades en Norte Fluminense, Campos dos Goytacazes también ha sido utilizada para apoyar actividades de exploración petrolera en la cuenca de Campos. A pesar de su importancia y dinámica económica, la ciudad ha sido marcada por una alta exclusión social que, en el tejido urbano, tiene una expresión territorial. En este texto, intentamos abordar la desigualdad desde la perspectiva de la exclusión social, buscando contribuir a la producción y lectura de indicadores sociales territorializados de Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ, dando visibilidad a las áreas de inclusión y exclusión social, a través de la espacialización de los datos secundarios de los últimos dos censos demográficos (2000 y 2010) divulgados por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística (IBGE). Con base en los indicadores, espacializamos los datos y verificamos la concentración de sectores marcados por la alta exclusión al norte de la ciudad, teniendo como gran división el río Paraíba do Sul. Palabras clave: Desigualdad, exclusión social, Campos dos Goytacazes.

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7

MACRAE, SHEILA, MEG MAGUIRE, and LINDA MILBOURNE. "Social exclusion: exclusion from school." International Journal of Inclusive Education 7, no. 2 (June 2003): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13603110304785.

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8

Cheng, Wei. "Surface exclusion and geometrical exclusion." Journal of Chromatography A 362 (January 1986): 309–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9673(01)86984-3.

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9

Gibb, Sophie C. "Explanatory Exclusion and Causal Exclusion." Erkenntnis 71, no. 2 (January 29, 2009): 205–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10670-008-9150-x.

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10

Phillips, Jonathan. "Increasing Exclusion: The Pauli Exclusion Principle and Energy Conservation for Bound Fermions Are Mutually Exclusive." Physics Essays 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 564–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3154509.

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11

Phillips, Jonathan. "Increasing Exclusion: The Pauli Exclusion Principle and Energy Conservation for Bound Fermions are Mutually Exclusive." Physics Essays 20, no. 4 (December 2007): 564–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4006/1.3254509.

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12

Bernstein, Michael J., and Heather M. Claypool. "Not all social exclusions are created equal: Emotional distress following social exclusion is moderated by exclusion paradigm." Social Influence 7, no. 2 (April 2012): 113–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15534510.2012.664326.

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13

Jacquard, Albert. "Exclusion." Etudes sur la mort 122, no. 2 (2002): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/eslm.122.0005.

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14

Spicker, Paul. "Exclusion." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 35, no. 1 (March 1997): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-5965.00053.

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15

Luquiens, Amandine, Aline Dugravot, Henri Panjo, Amine Benyamina, Stéphane Gaïffas, and Emmanuel Bacry. "Self-Exclusion among Online Poker Gamblers: Effects on Expenditure in Time and Money as Compared to Matched Controls." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 11, 2019): 4399. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224399.

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Background: No comparative data is available to report on the effect of online self-exclusion. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of self-exclusion in online poker gambling as compared to matched controls, after the end of the self-exclusion period. Methods: We included all gamblers who were first-time self-excluders over a 7-year period (n = 4887) on a poker website, and gamblers matched for gender, age and account duration (n = 4451). We report the effects over time of self-exclusion after it ended, on money (net losses) and time spent (session duration) using an analysis of variance procedure between mixed models with and without the interaction of time and self-exclusion. Analyzes were performed on the whole sample, on the sub-groups that were the most heavily involved in terms of time or money (higher quartiles) and among short-duration self-excluders (<3 months). Results: Significant effects of self-exclusion and short-duration self-exclusion were found for money and time spent over 12 months. Among the gamblers that were the most heavily involved financially, no significant effect on the amount spent was found. Among the gamblers who were the most heavily involved in terms of time, a significant effect was found on time spent. Short-duration self-exclusions showed no significant effect on the most heavily involved gamblers. Conclusions: Self-exclusion seems efficient in the long term. However, the effect on money spent of self-exclusions and of short-duration self-exclusions should be further explored among the most heavily involved gamblers.

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16

Moloney, Carolyn, and Frances Shiely. "Abstract P5-14-09: How exclusion criteria adversely affects the enrolment of underserved groups in breast cancer clinical trials." Cancer Research 82, no. 4_Supplement (February 15, 2022): P5–14–09—P5–14–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs21-p5-14-09.

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Abstract BackgroundThere have been recent calls globally to improve clinical trial participation by underserved or under-represented patient groups. Underserved groups are populations unrepresented or disengaged from medical research or services despite having a disproportionately high healthcare burden. In breast cancer research, disparity in clinical trial participation of underserved groups and how this affects results and conclusions is not well researched. The purpose of this study is to assess inclusion and exclusion criteria in published phase III breast cancer clinical trials, over the last 10 years, that exclude underserved groups.MethodsMedline was searched for phase III randomised control trials evaluating interventional drugs for breast cancer in high-impact journals (Impact factor >3) published between January 1st 2010 and December 31st 2020.ResultsForty clinical trials were included. These included 22 metastatic, 10 adjuvant and 8 neo-adjuvant breast cancer trials. All 40 trials (100 %) had multiple exclusions that directly, or indirectly, affected underserved groups for clinical and non-clinical reasons. All trials apart from one did not explicitly justify the applied inclusion and exclusion criteria. Conclusions. The underserved groups directly excluded, as outlined in the results were elderly patients > 65 years and adolescents, patients with cognitive impairment or psychiatric conditions, pregnant and lactating women and patients with brain metastases. As well as being directly excluded, these and other underserved groups are also indirectly excluded by the eligibility criteria to a large extent, for example, bloodborne virus exclusions may affect trial participation of lower socioeconomic populations and the LGBTQ+ community. The trials we reviewed required participants to have a high level of renal, cardiac and hepatic functioning. Certain underserved groups are more likely to have organ impairment. For example, elderly people are more likely to have renal, liver or cardiac impairment due to co-morbidities or age alone. Healthy black individuals are more likely to have a higher baseline creatinine and lower Creatinine Clearance (Cr Cl) compared to white counterparts Clinical trial eligibility criteria both directly and indirectly excludes underserved groups from breast. cancer research. It is necessary to revise future eligibility criteria to further progress considerations on the inclusion of underserved groups in breast cancer research. Table 1.Clinical Trial Exclusions for Clinical ReasonsExclusion (N=40)CriteriaN %Upper age exclusion18 – 65 years only61518 – 70 years only512.518 – 75 years only25No upper age exclusion2767.5Lower age exclusion>18 years40100Prior or concurrent malignancy exclusionStrict exclusion*820≥ 3 years since diagnosis717.5≥5 years since diagnosis2050≥10 years since diagnosis25No exclusion37.5Blood borne virus exclusion:HIV:Strict exclusion*2870Excluded if on HAART25No exclusion1025Hepatitis B/C:Strict exclusion*2152.5Allowed if treated**37.5No exclusion1640Organ function exclusion:CardiacLVEF (%):>551025>502050No exclusion1025RenalCreatinine (mg/dl) >1.5 X ULN or Cr CL >60ml/min2665Creatinine (mg/dl) >2.5 X ULN or Cr Cl >50ml/min717.5Cr Cl >30410No exclusion/adequate function for treatment37.5HepaticAST/ALT:>1.5 X ULN1537.5>2.5 X ULN820>3.5 X ULN717.5>5 X ULN615No exclusion/adequate function for treatment410Brain or leptomeningeal metastases exclusion: (N=22)Strict exclusion*940.9Untreated or symptomatic or on steroids1359.1No exclusion00ECOG performance status exclusion:ECOG=0 or 12665ECOG=0 to 21435ECOG=0 to 300Exclusion on pregnant or lactating women:Pregnant or lactating women excluded40100 Table 2.Clinical Trial Exclusions for Non-clinical Reasons.Exclusion (N=40)CriteriaN%Language exclusion:English or other language00All languages acceptable40100Cognitive impairment exclusion:Strict exclusion820No direct exclusion3280Psychiatric history exclusion:Strict exclusion717.5Allowed if treated1640Total with exclusions2357.5No direct exclusion1742.5OtherInvestigator assessment regarding ability to comply with protocol3075Written Consent required40100 Citation Format: Carolyn Moloney, Frances Shiely. How exclusion criteria adversely affects the enrolment of underserved groups in breast cancer clinical trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-14-09.

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17

Quie, Marissa. "Peace and Exclusion." Humanity & Society 42, no. 1 (October 11, 2016): 21–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160597616667592.

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What does a “responsible end” to war in Afghanistan mean? As a panacea for international disengagement, the Afghanistan Peace and Reintegration Program (APRP) was launched in 2010. After the 2001 intervention, the Bonn Agreement laid the foundations for a new Afghan state. Its exclusion of the Taliban signaled continuing conflict. The APRP is ostensibly designed to address this and other exclusions and foster an “inclusive peace.” This article probes the peace process at the macro-, meso-, and micro levels within the context of ongoing war. It examines the abandonment and marginalization experienced by women, segments of the insurgency, civil society and human rights groups as well as fragile communities undergoing reintegration. I argue that these exclusions are facilitated by a coalescence of interests that have reinforced the cycle of war and deepened exclusion. Consequently, the peace process has become incapable of offering real solutions, instead functioning as a pretext for excluding already marginalized groups.

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18

Flores Osorio, Jorge Mario. "Psicología Comunitaria, Opresión y Exclusión. / Community Psychology, Oppression and Exclusion." Revista Liminales. Escritos sobre Psicología y Sociedad 1, no. 02 (November 1, 2012): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54255/lim.vol1.num02.226.

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En este artículo muestro cómo la psicología social-comunitaria no desarrolla un corpus teórico propio y relevante para explicar el impacto de la opresión y exclusión en la constitución de lo psicológico y de la persona como síntesis histórico-cultural. Además, evidencio la divergencia teórico-conceptual respecto a definir esta especialidad a pesar de la experiencia comunitaria realizada en América Latina. Analizo 325 documentos publicados como artículos, presentados como ponencias o realizados como tesis de grado en torno a la psicología comunitaria. Muestro que la mayoría de ellos están orientados al campo de la salud. Además, explicito que ninguno de los modelos que subyacen las prácticas comunitarias consignadas en dichos documentos responde a la necesidad de trabajar para y con las personas oprimidas. In the article I show how social-community psychology has not developed a proper and relevant body of theory to explain the impact of oppression and exclusion on the constitution of psychological phenomena or of the person as an historical-cultural synthesis. Besides, I evidence the theoretical-conceptual differences regarding the definition of the discipline despite Latin American community experiences. I analyzed 325 community psychology documents including articles, paper presentations and thesis. I show that most community projects are geared toward health issues. Finally, I make explicit that none of the models underlying community practice presented in these documents respond to the need of working for and with the oppressed.

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19

Flores Osorio, Jorge Mario. "Psicología Comunitaria, Opresión y Exclusión. / Community Psychology, Oppression and Exclusion." Revista Liminales. Escritos sobre Psicología y Sociedad 1, no. 02 (November 1, 2012): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.54255/lim.vol1.num02.226.

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En este artículo muestro cómo la psicología social-comunitaria no desarrolla un corpus teórico propio y relevante para explicar el impacto de la opresión y exclusión en la constitución de lo psicológico y de la persona como síntesis histórico-cultural. Además, evidencio la divergencia teórico-conceptual respecto a definir esta especialidad a pesar de la experiencia comunitaria realizada en América Latina. Analizo 325 documentos publicados como artículos, presentados como ponencias o realizados como tesis de grado en torno a la psicología comunitaria. Muestro que la mayoría de ellos están orientados al campo de la salud. Además, explicito que ninguno de los modelos que subyacen las prácticas comunitarias consignadas en dichos documentos responde a la necesidad de trabajar para y con las personas oprimidas. In the article I show how social-community psychology has not developed a proper and relevant body of theory to explain the impact of oppression and exclusion on the constitution of psychological phenomena or of the person as an historical-cultural synthesis. Besides, I evidence the theoretical-conceptual differences regarding the definition of the discipline despite Latin American community experiences. I analyzed 325 community psychology documents including articles, paper presentations and thesis. I show that most community projects are geared toward health issues. Finally, I make explicit that none of the models underlying community practice presented in these documents respond to the need of working for and with the oppressed.

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20

Kaushal, A., and C. Dauvergne. "The Growing Culture of Exclusion: Trends in Canadian Refugee Exclusions." International Journal of Refugee Law 23, no. 1 (January 26, 2011): 54–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijrl/eeq046.

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21

Morris, Kevin. "The Exclusion Problem, without the Exclusion Principle." Southwest Philosophy Review 30, no. 1 (2014): 259–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/swphilreview201430126.

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22

Luquiens, Amandine, Delphine Vendryes, Henri-Jean Aubin, Amine Benyamina, Stéphane Gaiffas, and Emmanuel Bacry. "Description and assessment of trustability of motives for self-exclusion reported by online poker gamblers in a cohort using account-based gambling data." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e022541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-022541.

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ObjectiveSelf-exclusion is one of the main responsible gambling tools. The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of self-exclusion motives in self-reports to the gambling service provider.SettingsThis is a retrospective cohort using prospective account-based gambling data obtained from a poker gambling provider.ParticipantsOver a period of 7 years we included all poker gamblers self-excluding for the first time, and reporting a motive for their self-exclusion (n=1996). We explored two groups: self-excluders who self-reported a motive related to addiction and those who reported a commercial motive.ResultsNo between-group adjusted difference was found on gambling summary variables. Sessions in the two groups were poorly discriminated one from another on four different machine-learning models. More than two-thirds of the gamblers resumed poker gambling after a first self-exclusion (n=1368), half of them within the first month. No between-group difference was found for the course of gambling after the first self-exclusion. 60.1% of first-time self-excluders self-excluded again (n=822). Losses in the previous month were greater before second self-exclusions than before the first.ConclusionsReported motives for self-exclusion appear non-informative, and could be misleading. Multiple self-exclusions seem to be more the rule than the exception. The process of self-exclusion should therefore be optimised from the first occurrence to protect heavy gamblers.

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23

Newell, John, Arthur McGivern, and David Roberts. "SEC issues new guidance on excluding shareholder proposals under rule 14a-8." Journal of Investment Compliance 17, no. 2 (July 4, 2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/joic-04-2016-0011.

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Purpose To explain SEC Division of Corporation Finance Staff Legal Bulletin No. 14H (SLB 14H), which provides interpretive advice on how the Staff will treat shareholder proposals under the “directly conflicts” and “ordinary business” exclusions under Rule 14a-8. Design/methodology/approach Explains Rule 14-8 concerning the inclusion of shareholder proposals in a company’s proxy materials, Rule 14a-8(i)(9) on substantive bases for exclusion of shareholder proposals, guidance from SLB 14H on shareholder proposals that do and do not directly conflict with company proposals, Staff guidance prior to SLB 14H, the “ordinary business” exclusion under Rule 14a-8(i)(7), and how SEC staff guidance differs from the majority opinion in Trinity Wall Street v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. on the ordinary business exclusion. Findings The SEC Staff’s new standard for conflicting proposals is likely to make it more difficult for companies to exclude a shareholder proposal that is different from a management proposal if the two proposals are not “mutually exclusive”. Staff guidance also states that companies may not exclude proposals focusing on a significant policy issue under the ordinary business exclusion if “the proposals would transcend the day-to-day business matters and raise policy issues so significant that it would be appropriate for a shareholder vote”. Originality/value Expert guidance from experienced securities and financial services lawyers.

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24

Matta, Joane, Nicolas Hoertel, Guillaume Airagnes, Sebastien Czernichow, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Frederic Limosin, Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, and Cédric Lemogne. "Dietary Restrictions and Depressive Symptoms: Longitudinal Results from the Constances Cohort." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (September 4, 2020): 2700. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092700.

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Cross-sectional results have suggested a linear association between the number of dietary exclusions and depressive symptoms. This longitudinal study aimed to examine the direction of this association. Methods: In the population-based Constances cohort, depressive symptoms were defined by a score ≥19 on the Centre of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Diet was measured with a 24-item qualitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Both variables were available at inclusion (from 2012 to 2014) and on follow-up (2015 for the CES-D and 2017 for diet). Food exclusion was categorized into five different groups: No exclusion, exclusion of one, two, three, or ≥4 food groups according to the self-reported number of food groups rarely or never consumed. Logistic regressions were conducted, either taking depressive symptoms as the outcome on follow-up with dietary exclusions at baseline as predictor or with the opposite, adjusting for age, sex, education, income, alcohol intake, smoking, physical activity, and anemia. The path analysis included outcomes and covariates in one model. Results: The median follow-up was three years. A total of 29,337 participants (53.4% women, 48.15 ± 12.9 y.o.) had complete CES-D data and 25,356 (53.56% women, 49.05 ± 12.8 y.o.) FFQ data. Dietary exclusion at inclusion predicted depressive symptoms at follow-up (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 2.35 [1.62–3.40] for ≥4 excluded items compared to no exclusions). Depressive symptoms at inclusion predicted dietary exclusions at follow-up (3.45 [1.93–6.16] for ≥4 excluded items). In the path analysis, the standardized estimate of the association between dietary exclusions at inclusion and depressive symptoms at follow-up was by far higher than the opposite (0.1863 and 0.00189, respectively, both p < 0.05). Conclusions: The association of dietary exclusion with subsequent depression is stronger than the opposite association.

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25

Yang, Jin Tae. "A Study on the Exemption Clauses in Insurance Contract: Focusing on the Theory of Distinction between ‘Exception to Liability’ and ‘Exclusion to Covered Perils’." Korean Insurance Law Association 16, no. 3 (October 31, 2022): 37–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36248/kdps.2022.16.3.037.

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Even in the case of an insured event, the insurer is exempted from liability for insurance payments if it falls under grounds for exemption clauses in insurance contract. Professor Edwin W. Patterson, a renowned American insurance law jurist, divided exemption clauses into ‘exception’ and ‘exclusion’. In Patterson’s view, ‘exception’ is excepted causes of insured event, and ‘exclusion’ is the event to be excluded from insured event. He asserted that the insurer is not liable for paying the insurance payments, because an event that falls under ‘exclusion’ is not an insured event. Patterson’s ‘exception/exclusion distinction’ influenced some Korean insurance law scholars for a long time. In Korea, scholars influenced by Professor Patterson argue that the exemption clauses are divided into ‘exception to liability’ and ‘exclusion to covered perils’. ‘Exception to liability’ is ‘exception’ from Patterson’s view and ‘exclusion to covered perils’ is ‘exclusion’. In the theory of the distinction between ‘exception to liability’ and ‘exclusion to covered perils’, like Patterson’s view, the insurer is not liable for the event that falls under the ‘exclusion to covered perils’ because it is not an insured event. Scholars who support the distinction theory argue that it is natural for the insurer not to pay the insurance payments because ‘exclusion to covered perils’ is not the covered perils of the insurance contract. Korean distinction theory take as an example the unlicensed driving exclusion, which is a exemption clause of auto liability insurance, and call this exemption as a ‘exclusion to covered perils’ that is excluded from insured event. However, an accident that occurred while driving without a license also falls under the insured event(“accident that occurred while the insured owns, uses, and manages the insured car”), under the policy of auto liability insurance. Like unlicensed driving exclusion, the ‘exclusion to covered perils’ is written so that the insurer is exempted regardless of the causal relationship. However, it is not reasonable to conclude that ‘exclusion to covered perils’ is not included in covered perils and is excluded from the scope of insured event just because it is written in a non-causal format. Therefore, same as ‘exceptions’(exception to liability), policy clauses classified as ‘exclusions’(exclusions to covered perils) are also should be subject to the control of the court. In addition, because Patterson and Korean distionction theory do not provide a clear criterion for distinction, the absolute power should not be given to the ‘exclusion’. The legal validity of the distinction theory is very questionable.

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26

Czapiński, Janusz, and Tomasz Panek. "Social Exclusion." Contemporary Economics 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 242–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.1897-9254.60.

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Janusz Czapiński, Janusz Czapiński, and Tomasz Panek Tomasz Panek. "Social Exclusion." Contemporary Economics 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2011): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.5709/ce.18979254.60.

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28

Sulman, Joanne, Marylin Kanee, Camala Day, Paulette Stewart, and Diane Savage. "Exploring exclusion." Groupwork 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/095182412x655291.

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Steele, Daiquiri. "Enduring Exclusion." Michigan Law Review, no. 120.8 (2022): 1667. http://dx.doi.org/10.36644/mlr.120.8.enduring.

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Economic justice has long been a part of the civil rights agenda, and minimum labor standards statutes play a crucial role in eradicating the exploitation and subordination of historically marginalized workers. While statutes establishing labor standards are characterized as “universal,” their effect has been anything but universal. Racial and ethnic minorities, women, and those at the intersection experience disproportionate violations of labor standards laws concerning minimum wage, overtime, and occupational safety and health. Through legislative maneuvering dating back to the New Deal era, Congress carved out many female workers and workers of color from core protections of minimum labor standards legislation. Due to the vigorous advocacy of civil rights groups, amendments to these statutes expanded coverage, making these statutes more inclusive of marginalized workers. Nevertheless, the exclusionary legacy of these New Deal era-laws lingers today. Black, Latinx, and female workers are more likely to be retaliated against for asserting rights or reporting employer misconduct pursuant to these statutes. Tracing the racial and gendered origins of exemptions to labor standards statutes from the early twentieth century to the present, this Article argues that, despite expanded coverage, female workers and workers of color remain largely excluded from “universal” workplace protections. Although antiworker forces previously sought to thwart creation of legal rights for marginalized workers, contemporary antiworker campaigns seek to gut marginalized workers’ protections through actual and threatened retaliation. Examination of the traditional rationales for employer retaliation reveals that the retaliation disparity is incongruent with these conventional motivations. This Article argues that securing compliance with both minimum labor standards and antiretaliation reform should be integral parts of the civil rights agenda.

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30

Burchardt, Tania. "Social exclusion." Benefits: A Journal of Poverty and Social Justice 13, no. 3 (October 2005): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.51952/mfeb2156.

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Toulotte, Annyk. "Exclusion définitive." Formation Emploi 62, no. 1 (1998): 63–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/forem.1998.2670.

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Atherton, John. "Transforming Exclusion." Practical Theology 5, no. 3 (January 2012): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/prth.v5i3.345.

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Engel, Christoph. "Fair Exclusion." Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics 168, no. 1 (2012): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1628/093245612799440104.

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Turnbull, John. "Exclusion cause." Learning Disability Practice 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2000): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp.3.1.3.s4.

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Grubesic, Tony H., Elizabeth Mack, and Alan T. Murray. "Geographic Exclusion." Social Science Computer Review 25, no. 2 (May 2007): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0894439307298930.

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36

Gray, Anne. "Social exclusion." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 13, no. 4 (February 1999): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690949908726467.

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Connor, Richard, Franco Alberto Cardillo, Lucia Vadicamo, and Fausto Rabitti. "Hilbert Exclusion." ACM Transactions on Information Systems 35, no. 3 (June 9, 2017): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3001583.

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38

Edwards, J. H. "Exclusion mapping." Journal of Medical Genetics 24, no. 9 (September 1, 1987): 539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmg.24.9.539.

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39

Piggott, A. G. "Exclusion principle?" Physics World 3, no. 5 (May 1990): 14–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/3/5/10.

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Curran, Dean. "Social exclusion." Work, Employment and Society 30, no. 5 (July 9, 2016): 894–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0950017016644417.

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41

Goetz, Edward G., Karen Chapple, and Barbara Lukermann. "Enabling Exclusion." Journal of Planning Education and Research 22, no. 3 (March 2003): 213–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x02250304.

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42

Pomeroy, Eva. "Experiencing Exclusion." Improving Schools 3, no. 3 (November 2000): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136548020000300304.

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Sullivan, Karen. "Exclusion zone." SecEd 2018, no. 3 (January 18, 2018): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/sece.2018.3.12.

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Martucci, Jessica. "Negotiating Exclusion." Social Studies of Science 40, no. 2 (December 2009): 215–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306312709346579.

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Davids, Leigh. "Violent exclusion." Agenda 31, no. 3-4 (October 2, 2017): 31–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10130950.2017.1372330.

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Vargish, Thomas. "Pyloric exclusion." Operative Techniques in General Surgery 2, no. 4 (December 2000): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/otgn.2000.19145.

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MACPHERSON, STEWART. "SOCIAL EXCLUSION." Journal of Social Policy 26, no. 4 (October 1997): 533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279497005096.

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48

Razavi, M., EA Aul, B. Razavi, and RW Fincham. "Exclusion criteria." Lancet 355, no. 9197 (January 2000): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(99)09326-5.

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49

Schumny, Harald. "Mutual exclusion." Computer Standards & Interfaces 23, no. 4 (September 2001): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5489(01)00087-3.

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50

Calcagno, Claudio A., and Liliane Giardino-Karlinger. "Collective exclusion." International Journal of Industrial Organization 63 (March 2019): 326–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijindorg.2018.12.002.

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