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Статті в журналах з теми "N-3 LCPUFA"
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Dong, Hongli, Heather Hutchins-Wiese, Alison Kleppinger, Kristen Annis, Enrico Liva, Carol Lammi-Keefe, Holiday Durham, Richard Feinn, and Anne M. Kenny. "Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Supplementation on Bone Turnover in Older Women." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 84, no. 3-4 (May 13, 2014): 0124–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000199.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Animal and human studies indicate that omega (n)-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) can influence bone health. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the effects of n-3 long chain (LC) PUFA supplementation (N-3 LCPUFA) on red blood cell (RBC) fatty acid levels and bone turnover markers in older postmenopausal women. One hundred and twenty-six postmenopausal women (mean age 75 ± 7 years) were treated with n-3 LCPUFA (1.2 g eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA]/docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]/day, n = 85) or placebo (olive oil, n = 41) for 6 months. All women received 315 mg calcium citrate and 1000 IU cholecalciferol. RBC DHA (weight %) increased in the n-3 LCPUFA group, compared to no change in the placebo group (P < 0.001). The ratio of DHA+EPA:arachidonic acid (AA) increased by 42 % in the n-3 LCPUFA group and by 5 % in the placebo group (P < 0.001). Bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin decreased in the n-3 LCPUFA group (P < 0.05) with no between-group difference. Short-term n-3 LCPUFA supplementation increased RBC concentrations of DHA and n-3:n-6 ratios. Bone turnover decreased with n-3 LCPUF, but not statistically compared to placebo. The results point to the need for investigations with greater dosages of n-3 LCPUFA for a longer duration to understand the contribution to bone metabolism in postmenopausal women.
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Valenzuela, Rodrigo, Macarena Ortiz, María Catalina Hernández-Rodas, Francisca Echeverría, and Luis Alberto Videla. "Targeting n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease." Current Medicinal Chemistry 27, no. 31 (September 11, 2020): 5250–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867326666190410121716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is characterized by abnormal hepatic accumulation of triacylglycerides in the absence of alcohol consumption, in association with Oxidative Stress (OS), a pro-inflammatory state and Insulin Resistance (IR), which are attenuated by n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (FAs) C20-C22 (LCPUFAs) supplementation. Main causes of NAFLD comprise high caloric intake and a sedentary lifestyle, with high intakes of saturated FAs. Methods: The review includes several searches considering the effects of n-3 LCPUFAs in NAFLD in vivo and in vitro models, using the PubMed database from the National Library of Medicine- National Institutes of Health. Results: The LCPUFAs eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5 n-3, EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n- 3, DHA) have a positive effect in diminishing liver steatosis, OS, and the levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and pro-inflammatory cytokines, with improvement of insulin sensitivity and adiponectin levels. The molecular pathways described for n-3 LCPUFAs in cellular and animal models and humans include peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-α activation favouring FA oxidation, diminution of lipogenesis due to sterol responsive element binding protein-1c downregulation and inflammation resolution. Besides, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor-2 activation is elicited by n-3 LCPUFA-derived oxidation products producing direct and indirect antioxidant responses, with concomitant anti-fibrogenic action. Conclusion: The discussed effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation support its use in NAFLD, although having a limited value in NASH, a contention that may involve n-3 LCPUFA oxygenated derivatives. Clinical trials establishing optimal dosages, intervention times, type of patients and possible synergies with other natural products are needed in future studies.
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Taoro-González, Lucas, Daniel Pereda, Catalina Valdés-Baizabal, Miriam González-Gómez, José A. Pérez, Fátima Mesa-Herrera, Ana Canerina-Amaro, et al. "Effects of Dietary n-3 LCPUFA Supplementation on the Hippocampus of Aging Female Mice: Impact on Memory, Lipid Raft-Associated Glutamatergic Receptors and Neuroinflammation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (July 4, 2022): 7430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137430.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), essential molecules whose precursors must be dietary supplied, are highly represented in the brain contributing to numerous neuronal processes. Recent findings have demonstrated that LCPUFA are represented in lipid raft microstructures, where they favor molecular interactions of signaling complexes underlying neuronal functionality. During aging, the brain lipid composition changes affecting the lipid rafts’ integrity and protein signaling, which may induce memory detriment. We investigated the effect of a n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet on the cognitive function of 6- and 15-months-old female mice. Likewise, we explored the impact of dietary n-3 LCPUFAs on hippocampal lipid rafts, and their potential correlation with aging-induced neuroinflammation. Our results demonstrate that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation improves spatial and recognition memory and restores the expression of glutamate and estrogen receptors in the hippocampal lipid rafts of aged mice to similar profiles than young ones. Additionally, the n-3 LCPUFA-enriched diet stabilized the lipid composition of the old mice’s hippocampal lipid rafts to the levels of young ones and reduced the aged-induced neuroinflammatory markers. Hence, we propose that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation leads to beneficial cognitive performance by “rejuvenating” the lipid raft microenvironment that stabilizes the integrity and interactions of memory protein players embedded in these microdomains.
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Fussbroich, D., R. A. Colas, O. Eickmeier, J. Trischler, S. P. Jerkic, K. Zimmermann, A. Göpel, et al. "A combination of LCPUFA ameliorates airway inflammation in asthmatic mice by promoting pro-resolving effects and reducing adverse effects of EPA." Mucosal Immunology 13, no. 3 (January 6, 2020): 481–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41385-019-0245-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractLipid mediators derived from omega (n)-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) play key roles in bronchoconstriction, airway inflammation, and resolution processes in asthma. This study compared the effects of dietary supplementation with either a combination of LCPUFAs or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) alone to investigate whether the combination has superior beneficial effects on the outcome of asthmatic mice. Mice were sensitized with house dust mite (HDM) extract, and subsequently supplemented with either a combination of LCPUFAs or EPA alone in a recall asthma model. After the final HDM and LCPUFA administration, airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), bronchoalveolar lavages, and lung histochemistry were examined. Lipid mediator profiles were determined by liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS). The LCPUFA combination reduced AHR, eosinophilic inflammation, and inflammatory cytokines (IL-5, IFN-γ, and IL-6) in asthmatic mice, whereas EPA enhanced inflammation. The combination of LCPUFAs was more potent in downregulating EPA-derived LTB5 and LTC5 and in supporting DHA-derived RvD1 and RvD4 (2.22-fold and 2.58-fold higher levels) than EPA alone. Ex vivo experiments showed that LTB5 contributes to granulocytes’ migration and M1-polarization in monocytes. Consequently, the LCPUFA combination ameliorated airway inflammation by inhibiting adverse effects of EPA and promoting pro-resolving effects supporting the lipid mediator-dependent resolution program.
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de Groot, Renate H. M., Rebecca Emmett, and Barbara J. Meyer. "Non-dietary factors associated with n-3 long-chain PUFA levels in humans – a systematic literature review." British Journal of Nutrition 121, no. 7 (January 28, 2019): 793–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114519000138.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractNumerous health benefits are attributed to the n-3 long-chain PUFA (n-3 LCPUFA); EPA and DHA. A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate factors, other than diet, that are associated with the n-3 LCPUFA levels. The inclusion criteria were papers written in English, carried out in adult non-pregnant humans, n-3 LCPUFA measured in blood or tissue, data from cross-sectional studies, or baseline data from intervention studies. The search revealed 5076 unique articles of which seventy were included in the qualitative synthesis. Three main groups of factors potentially associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were identified: (1) unmodifiable factors (sex, genetics, age), (2) modifiable factors (body size, physical activity, alcohol, smoking) and (3) bioavailability factors (chemically bound form of supplements, krill oil v. fish oil, and conversion of plant-derived α-linolenic acid (ALA) to n-3 LCPUFA). Results showed that factors positively associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were age, female sex (women younger than 50 years), wine consumption and the TAG form. Factors negatively associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels were genetics, BMI (if erythrocyte EPA and DHA levels are <5·6 %) and smoking. The evidence for girth, physical activity and krill oil v. fish oil associated with n-3 LCPUFA levels is inconclusive. There is also evidence that higher ALA consumption leads to increased levels of EPA but not DHA. In conclusion, sex, age, BMI, alcohol consumption, smoking and the form of n-3 LCPUFA are all factors that need to be taken into account in n-3 LCPUFA research.
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Cave, Caleb, Nicholas Hein, Lynette M. Smith, Ann Anderson-Berry, Chesney K. Richter, Karl Stessy Bisselou, Adams Kusi Appiah, et al. "Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake by Ethnicity, Income, and Education Level in the United States: NHANES 2003–2014." Nutrients 12, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12072045.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although there are many recognized health benefits for the consumption of omega-3 (n-3) long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), intake in the United States remains below recommended amounts. This analysis was designed to provide an updated assessment of fish and n-3 LCPUFA intake (eicosapentaenoic (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and EPA+DHA) in the United States adult population, based on education, income, and race/ethnicity, using data from the 2003-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (n = 44,585). Over this survey period, participants with less education and lower income had significantly lower n-3 LCPUFA intakes and fish intakes (p < 0.001 for all between group comparisons). N-3 LCPUFA intake differed significantly according to ethnicity (p < 0.001), with the highest intake of n-3 LCPUFA and fish in individuals in the “Other” category (including Asian Americans). Supplement use increased EPA + DHA intake, but only 7.4% of individuals consistently took supplements. Overall, n-3 LCPUFA intake in this study population was low, but our findings indicate that individuals with lower educational attainment and income are at even higher risk of lower n-3 LCPUFA and fish intake.
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Kanakri, K., J. Carragher, B. Muhlhausler, R. Hughes, and R. Gibson. "In ovo exposure to omega-3 fatty acids does not enhance omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in broiler chickens." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 8, no. 5 (April 12, 2017): 520–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174417000216.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The content of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−3 LCPUFA) in chicken meat can be boosted by feeding broilers a diet containing α-linolenic acid (ALA, from flaxseed oil), some of which is converted by hepatic enzymes to n−3 LCPUFA. However, most of the accumulated n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in meat tissues is still in the form of ALA. Despite this, the levels of chicken diets are being enhanced by the inclusion of vegetable and marine sources of omega-3 fats. This study investigated whether the capacity of chicken for n−3 LCPUFA accumulation could be enhanced or inhibited by exposure to an increased supply of ALA or n−3 LCPUFA in ovo. Breeder hens were fed either flaxseed oil (High-ALA), fish oil (high n−3 LCPUFA) or tallow- (low n−3 PUFA, Control) based diets. The newly hatched chicks in each group were fed either the High-ALA or the Control diets until harvest at 42 days’ post-hatch. The n−3 PUFA content of egg yolk and day-old chick meat closely matched the n−3 PUFA composition of the maternal diet. In contrast, the n−3 PUFA composition of breast and leg meat tissues of the 42-day-old offspring closely matched the diet fed post-hatch, with no significant effect of maternal diet. Indeed, there was an inhibition of n−3 LCPUFA accumulation in meat of the broilers from the maternal Fish-Oil diet group when fed the post-hatch High-ALA diet. Therefore, this approach is not valid to elevate n-3 LCPUFA in chicken meat.
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Vinding, Rebecca Kofod, Jakob Stokholm, Astrid Sevelsted, Bo L. Chawes, Klaus Bønnelykke, Malin Barman, Bo Jacobsson, and Hans Bisgaard. "Fish Oil Supplementation in Pregnancy Increases Gestational Age, Size for Gestational Age, and Birth Weight in Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Journal of Nutrition 149, no. 4 (November 9, 2018): 628–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Background Randomized trials have reported that supplementation with n–3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in pregnancy can prolong pregnancy and thereby increase birth weight. Objective We aimed to examine the relations of n–3 LCPUFA supplementation in pregnancy with duration of pregnancy, birth weight, and size for gestational age (GA). Methods This was a double-blind randomized controlled trial conducted in 736 pregnant women and their offspring, from the Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010cohort. They were recruited between weeks 22 and 26 in pregnancy and randomly assigned to either of 2.4 g n–3 LCPUFA or control (olive oil) daily until 1 wk after birth. Exclusion criteria were endocrine, cardiovascular, or nephrologic disorders and vitamin D supplementation intake >600 IU/d. In this study we analyzed secondary outcomes, and further excluded twin pregnancies and extrauterine death. The primary outcome for the trial was persistent wheeze or asthma. Results The random assignment ran between 2008 and 2010. Six hundred and ninety-nine mother-infant pairs were included in the analysis. n–3 LCPUFA compared with control was associated with a 2-d prolongation of pregnancy [median (IQR): 282 (275–288) d compared with 280 (273–286) d, P = 0.02], a 97-g higher birth weight (mean ± SD: 3601 ± 534 g compared with 3504 ± 528 g, P = 0.02), and an increased size for GA according to the Norwegian population-based growth curves-Skjærven (mean ± SD: 49.9 ± 28.3 percentiles compared with 44.5 ± 27.6 percentiles, P = 0.01). Conclusion Supplementing pregnant women with n–3 LCPUFAs during the third trimester is associated with prolonged gestation and increased size for GA, leading to a higher birth weight in this randomized controlled trial. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00798226.
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Meyer, Barbara J., Cassandra Sparkes, Andrew J. Sinclair, Robert A. Gibson, and Paul L. Else. "Fingertip Whole Blood as an Indicator of Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Changes during Dose-Response Supplementation in Women: Comparison with Plasma and Erythrocyte Fatty Acids." Nutrients 13, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 1419. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13051419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sensitivity of fingertip whole blood to reflect habitual dietary and dose-dependent supplemental omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) intake in premenopausal women was compared to that of venous erythrocytes and plasma fatty acids. Samples were obtained from women in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in which premenopausal women (n = 53) were supplemented with DHA-rich tuna oil capsules and/or placebo (Sunola oil) capsules (6 capsules per day) for 8 weeks to achieve doses of either 0, 0.35, 0.7 or 1.05 g/day n-3 LCPUFA. All blood biomarkers were very similar in their ability to reflect dietary n-3 LCPUFA intake (r = 0.38–0.46 for EPA and DHA intake), and in their dose-dependent increases in n-3 LCPUFA levels after supplementation (R2 = 0.41–0.51 for dose effect on biomarker EPA and DHA levels (mol %)). Fingertip whole blood is an effective alternative to erythrocytes and plasma as a biomarker n-3 LCPUFA intake in premenopausal women.
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Roach, Lauren A., Mitchell K. Byrne, Steven J. Howard, Stuart J. Johnstone, Marijka Batterham, Ian M. R. Wright, Anthony D. Okely, et al. "The Feasibility of the “Omega Kid” Study Protocol: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial Investigating the Effect of Omega-3 Supplementation on Self-Regulation in Preschool-Aged Children." Nutrients 13, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13010213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Self-regulation, the regulation of behaviour in early childhood, impacts children’s success at school and is a predictor of health, wealth, and criminal outcomes in adulthood. Self-regulation may be optimised by dietary supplementation of omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs). The aim of the “Omega Kid” study is to investigate the feasibility of a protocol to investigate whether n-3 LCPUFA supplementation enhances self-regulation in preschool-aged children. The protocol assessed involved a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial of 12 weeks duration, with an intervention of 1.6 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) per day (0.3 g EPA and 1.3 g DHA) in a microencapsulated powder compared to placebo. Children (n = 78; 40 boys and 38 girls) aged 3–5 years old were recruited and randomly allocated to the treatment (n = 39) or placebo group (n = 39). The HS–Omega-3 Index® served as a manipulation check on the delivery of either active (n-3 LCPUFAs) or placebo powders. Fifty-eight children (76%) completed the intervention (28–30 per group). Compliance to the study protocol was high, with 92% of children providing a finger-prick blood sample at baseline and high reported-adherence to the study intervention (88%). Results indicate that the protocol is feasible and may be employed in an adequately powered clinical trial to test the hypothesis that n-3 LCPUFA supplementation will improve the self-regulation of preschool-aged children.
Дисертації з теми "N-3 LCPUFA"
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Worsch, Stefanie [Verfasser], Johann J. [Akademischer Betreuer] Hauner, Hannelore [Gutachter] Daniel, and Johann J. [Gutachter] Hauner. "Inflammatory, metabolic, and vascular changes upon high-fat diet feeding and n-3 LCPUFA supplementation in mice / Stefanie Worsch ; Gutachter: Hannelore Daniel, Johann J. Hauner ; Betreuer: Johann J. Hauner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1182536166/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Much, Daniela [Verfasser], Johann Josef [Akademischer Betreuer] Hauner, and Günther [Akademischer Betreuer] Boehm. "The effect of a reduction in the n-6/n-3 LCPUFAs ratio in the maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation on infant adipose tissue growth within the first year of life -Final results of the INFAT-study- / Daniela Much. Gutachter: Günther Boehm ; Johann Josef Hauner. Betreuer: Johann Josef Hauner." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038050626/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Tu, Wei-Chun. "Effects of dietary alpha linolenic acid on biosynthesis of N-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in animals." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/71107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Omega-3 (n-3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA), particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3), are important for normal health as well as growth and brain development in humans. These fatty acids can be consumed in the diet directly, or synthesised from short chain PUFA consumed in the diet. Fish, particularly in species with a high fat content like salmon, are a major source of these beneficial fatty acids in the human diet. Fish production from aquaculture continues to expand due to a growing human population and demand for fish. Currently there is a reliance on fish oil and fish meal derived exclusively from wild fish as the primary lipid and protein source in fish feeds. Depleted wild fish stocks have made this source of n-3 LCPUFA unsustainable and alternative sources of n-3 LCPUFA are required to fill the void. Most animal species can convert the plant derived 18 carbon (C18) n-6 linoleic acid (LA, 18:2 n-6) and n-3 α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3 n-3) to 20 and 22 carbon (C20-C22) LCPUFA by using a series of enzymes to extend and alter the saturation level. There are two types of enzymes responsible for desaturating and elongating fatty acids are desaturases and elongases. The genes associated with these processes appear to be regulated by the extremes of dietary PUFA intake but the extent is currently unclear. This thesis is aimed to examine the effect of dietary PUFA on tissue n-3 LCPUFA levels in animals (rat and fish) after the consumption of diets with increasing levels of ALA, and to investigate whether the expression of desaturases and elongases is involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism and therefore LCPUFA biosynthesis. Furthermore, this thesis also investigated the potential enzyme functions of barramundi Δ6 desaturase and elongase using a yeast heterologous system. Experiments showed that while high ALA diets consistently produced higher levels of n-3 LCPUFA in rat tissues than low ALA diets, mRNA abundance of the Δ6 desaturase (FADS2) and elongase 2 (ELOVL2) genes were increased only in animals fed the low PUFA reference diet compared to those fed diets with adequate to high PUFA levels. There was no correlation between the gene expression of desaturases, elongases or transcription factors and the levels of EPA, docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) or DHA in rat blood, liver and other tissues as a result of feeding increasing levels of ALA. In barramundi however, while vegetable oils induced significant increases in mRNA abundance of FADS2 and ELOVL genes compared with those fed the fish oil-based commercial diet, the tissue EPA, DPA and DHA levels were not increased. It is therefore hypothesised that the enzyme activity of barramundi Δ6 desaturase was low and therefore limited the effectiveness of the enzymes in the LCPUFA pathway to produce EPA and DHA. Furthermore, a large amount of variation between individual fish in DHA levels among those fed the vegetable oil-based diets was found, and this may provide a possibility for a future breeding program of barramundi for better DHA production. Barramundi FADS2 and ELOVL genes were also cloned into yeast cells and performed functional expression of the two enzymes. Results revealed that the barramundi Δ6 desaturase also showed Δ8 desaturase activity and the elongase showed a broad range of fatty acid specificity with the greatest activity with EPA. In addition, a significant amount of the desaturation and elongation fatty acid products could be detected in the culture medium at various time points after the addition of fatty acid substrates, and that it was important to take the levels of fatty acids in the medium into account when it came to calculating enzyme activity.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2011
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Wickrama, Gunaratne Anoja. "Effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation for pregnant and lactating women in preventing allergic diseases in early childhood." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/115480.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is postulated that maternal n-3 (omega 3) long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) supplementation may modulate a range of inflammatory and immune pathways involved in the development of allergic diseases in early childhood, potentially leading to a reduction of allergic diseases in children. Thus the focus of this thesis was to determine whether maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy or lactation could prevent allergies in children. Two nested follow-up studies from two randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were performed, as well as a Cochrane systematic review to address this question. Of the two nested follow-up studies, one was a prenatal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation and the other a postnatal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation study. Parental reports of allergy outcomes were evaluated in children between birth to three years of age and birth to seven years of age in these studies. The Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis was used to determine overall effects of maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on allergy outcomes of the children involved. All relevant RCTs to date and the data from my two follow-up studies were included in the systematic review. Eight trials involving 3366 women and their 3175 children were included and in these trials, women were supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA during pregnancy (five trials), lactation (two trials) or both pregnancy and lactation (one trial). All trials randomly allocated women to either a n-3 LCPUFA supplement or a control group. The risk of bias varied across the eight included trials in this review with only two trials with a low risk of selection, performance and attrition bias. Overall, there is limited evidence to support maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy and/or lactation for reducing allergic disease in children. Few differences in childhood allergic disease were seen between women who were supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA and those who were not. N-3 LCPUFA supplementation showed a clear reduction in the primary outcome of any allergy (medically diagnosed IgE mediated) in children aged 12 to 36 months (risk ratio (RR) 0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.44 to 0.98; two RCTs; 823 children), but not beyond 36 months (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.61 to 1.20; one RCT, 706 children). For any allergy (medically diagnosed IgE mediated and/or parental report), no clear differences were seen in children either at 12 to 36 months (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.11; two RCTs, 823 children) or beyond 36 months of age (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.09; three RCTs, 1765 children). For the secondary outcomes of specific allergies there were no clear differences for food allergies at 12 to 36 months and beyond 36 months, but a clear reduction was seen for children in their first 12 months with n-3 LCPUFA (both for medically diagnosed IgE mediated and medically diagnosed IgE mediated and/or parental report). There was a clear reduction in medically diagnosed IgE mediated eczema with n-3 LCPUFA for children 12 to 36 months of age, but not at any other time point for both medically diagnosed IgE mediated and medically diagnosed IgE mediated and/or parental report. No clear differences for allergic rhinitis or asthma/wheeze were seen at any time point for both medically diagnosed IgE mediated, and medically diagnosed IgE mediated and/or parental report. There was a clear reduction in children's sensitisation to egg and sensitisation to at least one allergen between 12 to 36 months of age when mothers were supplemented with n-3 LCPUFA. In terms of safety for the mother and child, n-3 LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy did not show increased risk of postpartum haemorrhage or early childhood infections. The data obtained in one of the nested follow-up studies in this thesis was used to compare the validity of parental reports of allergy outcome measures against medical diagnosis of allergies. This revealed that parental reports of doctor diagnosed eczema were the most reliable for the diagnosis of eczema in infants, but further studies are needed to validate other allergy outcomes before parent reports of allergy symptoms can be considered as a useful tool to evaluate early childhood allergies in large scale research.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Medicine, 2015.
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Kartikasari, Lilik Retna. "Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 LCPUFA) levels in chicken products following consumption of alpha-linolenic acid enriched diets." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/82468.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The importance of dietary omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LCPUFAs) in human health has promoted interest in developing a range of n-3 rich foods. The inclusion of n-3 FA into chicken products can be achieved by feeding chickens marine n-3 LCPUFA sources such as fish oil. However, this dietary approach has proven problematic due to impaired sensory qualities in the chicken products. The inclusion of the plant n-3 PUFA source alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3), the n-3 LCPUFA precursor, into the diet of chickens is potentially an alternative way to provide chicken products rich in n-3 LCPUFAs without these detrimental sensory effects. The objectives of the study were to investigate whether including ALA in the diets of two strains of laying hens and two strains of broilers would increase n-3 LCPUFA accumulation in eggs and meat, without altering production performance or the sensory characteristics of the products. The levels of dietary ALA tested in both laying hen and broiler experiment were 0.3 (low), 3 (moderate) and 6% energy (high; %en), while holding the level of LA constant at around 4%en in the moderate and high ALA diets. The findings in this study demonstrated that independent of strain, for both eggs and meat, the level of EPA was directly related to the level of ALA in the diet. On the other hand the longer chain fatty acids, DPA and DHA, tended to reach maximal levels when the level of dietary ALA reached 3%en. The level of total n-3 fatty acids in products from chickens fed ALA enriched diets (3 or 6%en for laying hens and 6%en for broilers) met the requirement needed for labelling as egg and meat n-3 PUFA sources (300mg/egg or 300mg/100g of meat). Fatty acid analysis of lipid fractions in breast meat showed that while ALA was mainly associated with triglyceride (TG) fraction, the n-3 LCPUFA were preferentially deposited in the phospholipids (PL). There was strain dependence in the ability of the chickens to convert ALA into n-3 LCPUFA. Among layers, brown hens were found to be more effective in converting ALA to n-3 LCPUFA than white hens, whereas in broilers, Cobb birds were more effective in the accumulation of n-3 LCPUFA than Ross birds. Dietary ALA enrichment up to a level of 6%en did not influence the sensory quality of boiled eggs whereas in scrambled eggs, high ALA diets tended to decrease egg aroma. Importantly, a diet enriched with 3%en ALA did not change the consumer acceptance of the eggs compared with eggs purchased from a local supermarket. In broilers, a diet containing ALA 3%en did not affect any of the sensory attributes tested. Importantly, the sensory quality of chicken breast meat from birds fed a dietary ALA of 3%en was comparable to that of commercial breast meat purchased from a local supermarket. There were strain effects on the sensory attributes of the eggs, with boiled brown eggs having a significantly (P < 0.05) stronger after-taste than boiled white eggs whereas white eggs had a stronger (P < 0.05) sulphur flavour than brown eggs. In scrambled eggs, stronger egg aroma, sulphur flavour, and butter flavour were detected in brown eggs (P < 0.05) than white eggs. In conclusion, a dietary ALA level of approximately 3%en could be recommended as a good ALA level for producing eggs and chicken meat n-3 LCPUFA by industry. The findings of this study demonstrated that incorporating n-3 rich vegetable oils into chicken diets could be an alternative to marine sources to produce eggs and meat higher in n-3 LCPUFA, without influencing either production performance of birds or sensory qualities of the chicken products. This strategy would help to provide consumers with a variety of foods rich in n-3 LCPUFA, and help to achieve recommended intakes for human health.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2013
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Wood, Katie Elizabeth. "Assessing the impact of maternal Omega-3 LCPUFA DHA on the body composition of children at 7 years of age using Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP)." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103768.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The first 1000 days of a child’s life, from conception to their second birthday, is a critical window of development during which environmental exposures have a particularly important role in determining the future health outcomes of a child. Omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) are essential fatty acids that play an important role in the health of the mother and growth and development of the fetus. On the basis of the role of n-3 LCPUFAs in decreasing fat deposition in adult rodents and in vitro studies, it has been hypothesised that an increased supply of n-3 LCPUFA, in particular docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) before birth, could reduce body fat mass later in childhood. However, there is a lack of robust evidence from human studies to support this. The first aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of maternal n-3 fatty acid supplementation, chiefly as DHA, during pregnancy on the body fat mass of children at 7 years of age using Air Displacement Plethysmography (ADP). This study was a follow-up of the largest RCT to date to examine the effect of maternal n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on maternal/infant outcomes, the DOMInO (DHA to Optimise Mother Infant Outcome) trial in which the women were supplemented with 800mg DHA/day from 20 weeks gestation to delivery. The second aim was to undertake a comparison of the body composition results obtained using the BOD POD with Bioelectrical Impedance Spectroscopy (BIS). A total of 252 children participated in this study. During clinic appointments, body composition testing was conducted using both ADP and BIS. Anthropometric measurements including weight, height, waist and hip circumference were obtained. The child's dietary information was obtained using a Diet and Physical Activity Questionnaire which included 116 food frequency questions. Nutritional intake was assessed using the Healthy Diet Index for children (HDI-CA). I found no effect of maternal DHA supplementation on body fat mass, assessed by either BIS or BOD POD, BMI z-score or any other anthropometric measures in the children at 7 years of age. While the results for body fat mass obtained using the BIS and BOD POD were significantly correlated, BIS consistently over estimated body fat mass in comparison with the BOD POD, especially in girls. Most children showed a poor compliance to the Australian Dietary Guidelines, and this was not affected by maternal DHA supplementation. The findings from this thesis provide new and important insights into our understanding of the relative importance of the nutritional environment before birth, in early infancy and later in childhood on body composition and the risk of obesity. The results from the comparison of body composition methods in this thesis highlights the variation that can occur between methods and therefore the importance of using the same method in studies where the aim is to directly compare results. In conclusion, high dose maternal DHA supplementation had no significant positive or negative effect on childhood growth/body composition, at least until 7 years of age, and is therefore not likely to be an effective strategy for addressing the current obesity epidemic.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2016.
Частини книг з теми "N-3 LCPUFA"
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Janovska, P., and J. Kopecky. "Adipose Tissue–Muscle Interactions and the Metabolic Effects of n-3 LCPUFA – Implications for Programming Effects of Early Diet." In Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 149–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9173-5_17.
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