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Статті в журналах з теми "Myobatrachidae"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Hutchinson, Mark N., and Linda R. Maxson. "Biochemical studies on the relationships of the Gastric-brooding Frogs, genus Rheobatrachus." Amphibia-Reptilia 8, no. 1 (1987): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853887x00018.

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AbstractTwo species of gastric-brooding frogs, Rheobatrachus silus and R. vitellinus, currently constitute the subfamily Rheobatrachinae of the Australian leptodactyloid family Myobatrachidae. The relationships of Rheobatrachus to other myobatrachids have remained obscure due to the specializations for aquatic life and unique gastric-brooding behavior of Rheobatrachus and to the rare and endangered status of R. silus, until recently the only known species. An antiserum to the serum albumin of R. vitellinus was used in micro-complement fixation analyses comparing R. vitellinus to R. silus, and to representatives of most of the myobatrachid genera as well as to select representatives of the South American and South African leptodactyloid fauna. The two species of Rheobatrachus are each others closest relative and no other lineage is distinctly associated with these two species. Albumin comparisons involving other leptodactyloids show that Rheobatrachus is part of the Australian fauna, but as all of the major lineages appear to have arisen in the late Cretaceous, no single sister lineage to Rheobatrachus can be unambiguously identified.

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2

Burton, Thomas C. "Variation in the foot muscles of frogs of the family Myobatrachidae." Australian Journal of Zoology 49, no. 5 (2001): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01045.

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The hind-foot musculature of representatives of all myobatrachid frog genera was examined with a view to finding phylogenetic characters and characters correlated with the burrowing habit. Despite much intraspecific variation, evidence was found to support the monophyly of Mixophyes(possession of a fibrous section in the tendon of insertion of the m. lumbricalis longus digiti V, tendinous insertion of the m abductors brevis dorsalis digiti V), Rheobatrachus (threefold insertion of the m. extensor longus digiti IV), Neobatrachus +Heleioporus (possession of the m. lumbricalis longus digiti II), Pseudophryne + Metacrinia(loss or reduction of medial slip of the m. lumbricalis brevis digiti V), Adelotus + Heleioporus +Limnodynastes (minus L. ornatus-group) +Neobatrachus+Notaden (possession of a transversus-like muscle between the first metatarsus and the prehallux), and Rheobatrachus + Myobatrachinae (reduction of the m. plantaris brevis plantaris digiti V). Differences were found in the musculature associated with the metatarsal tubercles between (a) rear-foot-burrowing frogs of the genera Notaden, Neobatrachus,Heleioporus and Limnodynastes (minus L. ornatusandL. spenceri); (b)L. ornatus and L. spenceri; and (c)Uperoleia. The differences indicate separate evolution of burrowing in these taxa. A new muscle, the m. adductor praehallucis, is described. From its structure and distribution among species, this muscle appears to be associated with the burrowing habit.

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3

WEBSTER, GRANT N., and IAN BOOL. "A new genus for four myobatrachid frogs from the South Western Australian Ecoregion." Zootaxa 5154, no. 2 (June 14, 2022): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5154.2.2.

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The southern Australian endemic genus Geocrinia Blake 1973 (Anura: Myobatrachidae) currently contains seven species, with five restricted to Western Australia and two in the south-eastern states covering parts of New South Wales, Victoria, Tasmania and South Australia. All species have a modified life history with at least some or all of the larval stage being completed terrestrially. Four of the Western Australian species have terrestrial, non-feeding tadpoles nourished by yolk until metamorphosis. The remaining species have a biphasic development with embryos developing on land followed by an aquatic tadpole stage. The presence of species groups within the Geocrinia has been recognised since the 1970s, with all relevant subsequent studies supporting a model of two groups within the genus, recovered as reciprocally monophyletic in phylogenetic analyses. We examined character traits of the seven recognised Geocrinia species, concluding that distinction of the two monophyletic groups is supported by differences in life history strategy, larval morphology, adult morphology, call structure, breeding season and geographic distribution. The differences between the two groups correspond to phylogenetic structuring for all traits except distribution. Given reciprocal monophyly, and greater variation in traits than present within other myobatrachid genera, we conclude that the two groups should be given generic distinction. We therefore describe a new genus, Anstisia gen. nov., for four Western Australian Geocrinia species, retaining three species in Geocrinia. This increases the number of recognised myobatrachid genera to 14: five are endemic to south-western Australia.

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4

Daly, J. W., H. M. Garraffo, L. K. Pannell, T. F. Spande, C. Severini, and V. Erspamer. "Alkaloids from Australian Frogs (Myobatrachidae): Pseudophrynamines and Pumiliotoxins." Journal of Natural Products 53, no. 2 (March 1990): 407–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50068a020.

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5

Edwards, D. L., M. J. Mahony, and J. Clulow. "Effect of sperm concentration, medium osmolality and oocyte storage on artificial fertilisation success in a myobatrachid frog (Limnodynastes tasmaniensis)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 3 (2004): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd02079.

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The present study optimised artificial fertilisation and oocyte storage conditions in Limnodynastes tasmaniensis (Myobatrachidae). Data on general reproductive biology, the effect of sperm motility and concentration, medium osmolality and oocyte storage on artificial fertilisation success are presented. Egg number was most strongly correlated with bodyweight (r = 0.819). Sperm yield was correlated with testes weight (r = 0.827), which was strongly correlated with snout–vent length (r = 0.772). Optimal artificial fertilisation occurred in 0–7 mOsm kg–1 amphibian Ringer, similar to ranid, bufonid and hylid species. High fertilisation rates were achieved using spermatozoa with little forwards progressive motility at comparatively low concentrations (3 × 104 sperm cells mL–1) and with no relationship between percentage sperm motility and fertilisation success (correlation of fertilisation rate with sperm motility after activation: r = –0.145). Oocytes stored in 5 mOsm kg–1 solutions showed no significant decline in fertilisability after 2 h, showing that swelling of the jelly surrounding the eggs does not prevent sperm from fusing with the oocyte in this species. Fertilisability of oocytes was extended to > 4 h in medium to high osmolality solutions (124–271 mOsm kg–1). These data allow for the future use of L. tasmaniensis in developing assisted reproductive technology protocols for foam-nesting myobatrachid species, many of which are now threatened with extinction in the wild.

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6

Symonds, Emma P., Harry B. Hines, Philip S. Bird, John M. Morton, and Paul C. Mills. "SURVEILLANCE FOR BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS USING MIXOPHYES (ANURA: MYOBATRACHIDAE) LARVAE." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 43, no. 1 (January 2007): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-43.1.48.

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7

Roberts, J. Dale, and Linda R. Maxson. "A Molecular Perspective on Relationships of Australian Pseudophryne (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Systematic Zoology 38, no. 2 (June 1989): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2992384.

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8

J. Marshall, Christopher. "The reappearance of Taudactylus (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in north Queensland streams." Pacific Conservation Biology 4, no. 1 (1998): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc980039.

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Анотація:

Seven species of frog are currently considered to be missing from the eastern seaboard of Queensland, Australia. Two species of these missing frogs were rediscovered in streams in the wet tropics of north Queensland in November 1996. One individual of Taudactylus acutirostris was observed calling in a small tributary of the South Johnstone River, five individuals of T. rheophilus were heard calling in a small, high altitude tributary of the Mulgrave River, and a further seven individuals of T. rheophilus were heard calling and one captured, in a small, high altitude tributary of the Mitchell River. Implications for the declining frog phenomenon are raised and the need for continued monitoring is emphasized.

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9

Roberts, J. Dale. "Call Evolution in Neobatrachus (Anura: Myobatrachidae): Speculations on Tetraploid Origins." Copeia 1997, no. 4 (December 9, 1997): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447296.

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10

Roberts, J. D., and L. R. Maxson. "A Molecular Perspective on Relationships of Australian Pseudophryne (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Systematic Biology 38, no. 2 (June 1, 1989): 154–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/38.2.154.

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11

CHAMBERS, JOANNE, JOHN CLARK WILSON, and IAN WILLIAMSON. "Soil pH influences embryonic survival in Pseudophryne bibronii (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Austral Ecology 31, no. 1 (February 2006): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2006.01544.x.

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12

Schäuble, C. S., C. Moritz, and R. W. Slade. "A Molecular Phylogeny for the Frog Genus Limnodynastes (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 16, no. 3 (September 2000): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2000.0803.

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13

Cartledge, V. A., P. C. Withers, G. G. Thompson, and K. A. McMaster. "Water relations of the burrowing sandhill frog, Arenophryne rotunda (Myobatrachidae)." Journal of Comparative Physiology B 176, no. 4 (November 29, 2005): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00360-005-0051-x.

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14

Mable, Barbara K., and J. Dale Roberts. "Mitochondrial DNA Evolution of Tetraploids in the Genus Neobatrachus (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Copeia 1997, no. 4 (December 9, 1997): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447286.

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15

Mahony, M. J. "Heteromorphic sex chromosomes in the Australian frog Crinia bilingua (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Genome 34, no. 3 (June 1, 1991): 334–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-055.

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Анотація:

The karyotype of Crinia bilingua was examined and analysed with standard staining, C-banding, and silver-staining. Heteromorphic sex chromosomes of the ZW ♂/ZZ ♀ type were observed. The larger W chromosome is submetacentric and the smaller Z chromosome is acrocentric. The centromere and proximal region of the short arm of the W chromosome consist of constitutive heterochromatin (C-band region), and beyond this is a small euchromatic terminal region. The centromere of the Z chromosome did not C-band. The long arms of the Z and W chromosomes are euchromatic and equal in length. The nucleolar organiser region occurs terminally on the long arm of both the Z and W chromosomes, and there is no cytological evidence for inactivity of the nucleolar organiser region on the W chromosome. These features indicate an early stage in the evolution of heteromorphic sex chromosomes.Key words: heteromorphic sex chromosomes, frog, Crinia bilingua.

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16

Roberts, JD, and LR Maxson. "Phylogenetic-Relationships in the Genus Limnodynastes (Anura, Myobatrachidae) - a Molecular Perspective." Australian Journal of Zoology 34, no. 4 (1986): 561. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860561.

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Phylogenetic relationships among 10 of the 12 currently recognised species of Limnodynastes were investigated by the quantitative immunological technique of micro-complement fixation (MC'F). Analyses of albumin differentiation in Limnodynastes suggest that L. ornatus and L. spenceri are representatives of an independent lineage that emerged in the early Tertiary. We identify four additional lineages appearing in the early Oligocene (L. terraereginae, L. dumerili, L. dorsalis and probably L. interioris; L. tasmaniensis, L. fletcheri and L. peroni; L. salminr; and L. convexiusculus). Our data do not support the recognition of Platyplectron (Heyer & Liem, 1976) as a separate genus. Members of Platyplectron are more closely related to various groupings within Limnodynastes than they are to other burrowing genera (Heleioporus, Notaden and Neobatrachus). Analyses of geographically widespread populations of L. ornatus, L. tasmaniensis, L. peroni and of the subspecies of L. dumerili indicate degrees of genetic differentiation which are correlated with distance.

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17

ROBERTS, J. DALE, RACHEL J. STANDISH, PHILLIP G. BYRNE, and PAUL DOUGHTY. "Synchronous polyandry and multiple paternity in the frogCrinia georgiana(Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Animal Behaviour 57, no. 3 (March 1999): 721–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1998.1019.

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18

Mantellato, Lisa, Glen Gaikhorst, Renee Kruger, Simone Vitali, and Helen Robertson. "Growth and development of captiveGeocrinia rosea(Myobatrachidae): A rare species analogue." Zoo Biology 32, no. 4 (March 12, 2013): 374–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21053.

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19

MAHONY, MICHAEL J., HARRY B. HINES, STEPHEN V. MAHONY, BEDE MOSES, SARAH R. CATALANO, STEVEN MYERS, and STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN. "A new hip-pocket frog from mid-eastern Australia (Anura: Myobatrachidae: Assa)." Zootaxa 5057, no. 4 (October 26, 2021): 451–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5057.4.1.

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The hip-pocket frog (Assa darlingtoni), a small terrestrial myobatrachid frog found in mid-eastern Australia, has a highly derived, unusual, reproductive mode involving a unique form of male parental care. Males have subcutaneous pouches that open near the hip, and the developing tadpoles are carried in these pouches to post metamorphosis. It is found on several isolated mountain ranges in closed forest habitats, associated with high rainfall and temperate or sub-tropical climates. We established genetic relationships among specimens sampled across the range using phylogenetic analyses of thousands of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the nuclear genome and mitochondrial ND2 gene nucleotide sequences. These analyses uncovered two lineages that are genetically distinct in both nDNA and mtDNA analyses and that have low levels of divergence in male advertisement calls and are morphologically cryptic. Our data support separate species status for each lineage, based on the molecular genetic data. The first, which we name as a new species, Assa wollumbin sp. nov., is restricted to a single mountain, Wollumbin (= Mount Warning), the eroded cone of an ancient shield volcano—the Tweed Volcano. The second, the nominal species A. darlingtoni, has a wider distribution in five geographically disjunct subpopulations along 430 km of the Great Dividing Range in south-eastern Queensland and north-eastern New South Wales. The distributions of the two species closely approach within 15 km of each other on the central plug and rim of the caldera of the Tweed Volcano. Assa wollumbin sp. nov. meets the conservation criteria for Critically Endangered [A3(e), B2(a,b)]. When all subpopulations of A. darlingtoni are combined the conservation assessment is Endangered [A3(e), B2(a,b)]. Because of the fragmented nature of the distribution of A. darlingtoni, combined with the genetic evidence of concordant sub-structuring, we also conducted a conservation assessment on the five subpopulations. Two were assessed as Critically Endangered (D’Aguilar Range and Conondale/Blackall Ranges), and the remainder as Endangered (Dorrigo Plateau, McPherson Ranges, and Gibraltar Ranges/Washpool).

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20

Roberts, J. Dale, and Roger S. Seymour. "Non-Foamy Egg Masses in Limnodynastes tasmaniensis (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from South Australia." Copeia 1989, no. 2 (May 23, 1989): 488. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1445450.

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21

DONNELLAN, S. C., M. J. MAHONY, and T. BERTOZZI. "A new species of Pseudophryne (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the central Australian ranges." Zootaxa 3476, no. 1 (September 10, 2011): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3476.1.4.

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The myobatrachid frog genus Pseudophryne is highly variable in color pattern in eastern Australia where many species are distinguished by distinctive dorsal patterns. In contrast Pseudophryne from the western half of the continent are morphologically conservative. Two nominal species are widespread in south-western Australia and north-western South Australia, with one, P. occidentalis, being found in semi-arid and arid regions. Using mitochondrial DNA and morphological characters we establish that populations in the ranges of north-western South Australia assigned to P. occidentalis are a separate species. The new species comprises one of four major lineages of Pseudophryne while P. occidentalis falls within another lineage confined to south-western Australia.

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22

Debavay, JM. "The Developmental Stages of the Sphagnum Frog, Kyarranus-Sphagnicolus Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 41, no. 2 (1993): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9930151.

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The external features of development of the sphagnum frog, Kyarranus sphagnicolus, are described. K. sphagnicolus produces large unpigmented eggs (3.35 +/- 0.21 mm). The mean number of eggs per clutch was 58-3 (range 30-91). The eggs are embedded in a foamy jelly and deposited in a shallow burrow excavated by the male in clumps of sphagnum moss, under stones on the forest floor and in similar wet situations. Field-collected spawn was raised at constant temperature. Duration of development is approximately 55 days at 18-degrees-C and 80 days at 15-degrees-C. Cleavage is holoblastic and unequal and the third cleavage plane is vertical, as in many large-yolked amphibians. The animal hemisphere of the blastula is unpigmented and semitransparent and permits direct observation of the involution of the chorda-mesoderm during gastrulation. Neurular rotation was not observed. Later development results in a normal-looking but nonfeeding tadpole with reduced mouth parts. The hindlimb rudiments appear precociously shortly after the heartbeat stage. The tadpoles possess an extensive but transitory vitelline circulation which may have a respiratory function, are relative immobile and metamorphose within the nest. The dorsal caudal venous return is carried by hitherto unreported superficial vessels, the 'dorsal vitelline veins'. In K. sphagnicolus terrestrial oviposition is followed by the completion of tadpole development within the nest. This mode of anuran development occurs also on other continents, but in Australia is unique to the closely related genera Kyarranus and Philoria.

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23

Desnitskiy, A. G. "Evolutionary reorganizations of ontogenesis in related frog species of the family Myobatrachidae." Russian Journal of Developmental Biology 41, no. 3 (May 2010): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106236041003001x.

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24

Scroggie, Michael P., and Murray J. Littlejohn. "Territorial vocal behavior in hybrid smooth froglets, Geocrinia laevis complex (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 58, no. 1 (January 22, 2005): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-004-0894-2.

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25

DONNELLAN, S., M. ANSTIS, L. PRICE, and L. WHEATON. "A new species of Crinia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the Flinders Ranges, South Australia." Zootaxa 3499, no. 1 (September 27, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3499.1.1.

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We describe, as a new species, the northern Flinders Ranges populations of the myobatrachid frog Crinia riparia. It isdistinguished from C. riparia sensu stricto on the basis of reciprocal monophyly of mitochondrial genes, absence ofhaplotype sharing in a nuclear gene, fixed differences in allozyme loci and differences in larval oral disc morphologyconsistent with less adaptation to stream habitats. We were not able to reliably distinguish the taxa on the basis of adultmorphology. The geographic range of C. riparia sensu stricto is now reduced to a 75 kilometre section of the southernFlinders Ranges from Napperby Gorge in the south to Mt Brown in the north suggesting that an assessment of its conservation status is warranted.

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26

Mahony, M. J., and E. S. Robinson. "Nucleolar organiser region (NOR) location in karyotypes of Australian ground frogs (family Myobatrachidae)." Genetica 68, no. 2 (January 1986): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02424409.

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27

DOUGHTY, PAUL, and J. DALE ROBERTS. "A new species of Uperoleia (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the northwest Kimberley, Western Australia." Zootaxa 1939, no. 1 (November 21, 2008): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1939.1.2.

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Uperoleia is a large genus of small-bodied terrestrial frogs that occur in Australia and southern New Guinea. With nine species, the Kimberley region in northern Western Australia is the most diverse. Recent surveys of the northwest coast of the Kimberley have revealed a tenth species of Uperoleia. The new species is characterized by a combination of small body size, dark and slightly tubercular dorsal skin, basal webbing between the toes, outer metatarsal tubercle spatulate and oriented perpendicular to the foot, possession of maxillary teeth, a broadly exposed frontoparietal fontanelle and the advertisement call is a high-pitched rasp. All specimens collected have been associated with sandstone boulders or escarpments with flowing water or rock pools. The northwest Kimberley is an isolated region of high rainfall and rugged terrain that possesses high biodiversity for many plant and animal groups and is therefore worthy of special conservation attention.

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28

Mahony, Michael, and Karen Thumm. "Hatching dynamics and bet-hedging in a temperate frog, Pseudophryne australis (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Amphibia-Reptilia 23, no. 4 (2002): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685380260462347.

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AbstractEmbryonic development to the time of hatching was found to vary within and between clutches of the red crowned toadlet, Pseudophryne australis. Hatching occurred over many developmental stages, from 24 to 36 (modified Gosner stage). The time taken from oviposition to hatching varied from 15 days to 119 days. In order to determine whether hatching is triggered by environmental cues or is constitutive, clutches were held under constant conditions and compared with those held under conditions similar to the field. Hatching was staggered in all cases implying a constitutive basis. We postulate that this diversification of phenotypes in P. australis is a bet-hedging strategy driven by the unpredictable rainfall conditions within the range of the species. Die Entwicklung der Embryonen des australischen Frosches Pseudophryne australis bis zum Schlüpfen variierte innerhalb und zwischen Gelegen. Das Schlüpfen trat bei vielen Entwicklungsstadien ein. Der Zeitverlauf bis zum Schlüpfen variierte zwischen 15 und 119 Tagen. Gelege wurden unter konstanten Bedingungen gehalten und mit Gelegen in natürlichen Bedingungen verglichen, um festzustellen, ob das Schlüpfen durch Umweltreize angeregt wird, oder ob das Schlüpfen konstitutiv ist. Da das Schlüpfen in allen Behandlungen versetzt war, wird vermutet, dass das Schlüpfverhalten konstitutiv ist. Wir postulieren, dass die Verschiedenartigkeit der Phänotypen bei Pseudophryne australis eine vorbeugende Strategie ist, die durch die nicht voraussagbaren Niederschlagsverhältnisse im Verbreitungsgebiet der Art bedingt wird.

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29

Delvinquier, BLJ. "Myxidium-Immersum (Protozoa, Myxosporea) of the Cane Toad, Bufo-Marinus, in Australian Anura, With a Synopsis of the Genus in Amphibians." Australian Journal of Zoology 34, no. 6 (1986): 843. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9860843.

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Myxidium immersum (Lutz, 1889), a gall-bladder protozoan parasite from South American Anura, is described for the first time in some Australian Anura. The cane toad, Bufo marinus, one of its natural hosts in South America, was introduced into Australia in 1935, and this led to the infection of native Australian frogs including: Hylidae, 12 species of Litoria; Myobatrachidae, four species of Limnodynastes, one each of Mixophyes, Ranidella and Uperoleia. Scanning electron microscope observations on the spore are reported. A synopsis of the Myxidium species in amphibians is presented. In explaining the present distribution of M. immersum in Australia, it is suggested that the life cycle of Myxidium species in amphibians involves an intermediate host which may become infected by swallowing trophozoites and spores; the tadpole may become infected by feeding on the intermediate host.

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30

Bauer, Aaron M., Rainer Günther, and Heidi E. Robeck. "An annotated type catalogue of the hemisotid, microhylid, myobatrachid, pelobatid and pipid frogs in the zoological museum, Berlin (amphibia: anura: hemisotidae, microhylidae, myobatrachidae, pelobatidae and pipidae)." Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 72, no. 2 (October 28, 1996): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.4800720204.

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31

Doughty, Paul, and Danielle Edwards. "A new species of Arenophryne (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the central coast of Western Australia." Records of the Western Australian Museum 24, no. 2 (2008): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.24(2).2008.121-131.

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32

Osborne, WS. "Distribution, Relative Abundance and Conservation Status of Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophrne-Corroboree Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae)." Wildlife Research 16, no. 5 (1989): 537. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890537.

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A survey of the distribution and abundance of the corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree, was carried out over five summers between December 1984 and April 1989. The species has a restricted high-mountain distribution, occurring as three disjunctive populations: Snowy Mountains, Fiery Range and Brindabella Range. The Snowy Mountains and Fiery Range populations are relatively widespread, occupying areas of 400 and 550 km2 respectively. In contrast, the Brindabella Range population is restricted to about 60 km2. The abundance of the Snowy Mountains population has been considerably reduced throughout much of its range, perhaps because of frequent summer drought between 1979 and 1984. Although P. corroboree is rare, its range is largely within conservation reserves, and its relatively broad latitudinal distribution has prevented adverse conditions from affecting all populations. The decline in abundance of the distinctive Snowy Mountains population may be a response to adverse short-term weather, or it may be part of a decline and range contraction over a longer period.

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33

Read, Kathryn, J. Scott Keogh, Ian A. W. Scott, J. Dale Roberts, and Paul Doughty. "Molecular Phylogeny of the Australian Frog Genera Crinia, Geocrinia, and Allied Taxa (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 21, no. 2 (November 2001): 294–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/mpev.2001.1014.

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34

Lemckert, Francis. "The influence of micrometeorological factors on the calling activity of the frogCrinia signifera(Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Australian Zoologist 31, no. 4 (July 2001): 625–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2001.009.

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35

Dziminski, Martin A., and Marion Anstis. "Embryonic and Larval Development of the Sunset Frog, Spicospina flammocaerulea (Anura: Myobatrachidae), from Southwestern Australia." Copeia 2004, no. 4 (December 2004): 896–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1643/ch-04-028r1.

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36

Roberts, J. Dale, and Grant Wardell-Johnson. "Call Differences between Peripheral Isolates of the Geocrinia rosea Complex (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in Southwestern Australia." Copeia 1995, no. 4 (December 21, 1995): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1447038.

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37

Osborne, WS, and JA Norman. "Conservation Genetics of Corroboree Frogs, Pseudophryne-Corroboree Moore (Anura, Myobatrachidae) - Population Subdivision and Genetic-Divergence." Australian Journal of Zoology 39, no. 3 (1991): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9910285.

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Reproductive compatibility and population genetic structure were examined in the corroboree frog, Pseudophryne corroboree, a species restricted to montane and subalpine environments in south-eastern Australia. The species comprises three geographic populations, represented by two morphological forms. Hybridisation experiments showed that the allopatric populations are interfertile, although crosses between the Snowy Mountains population (southern form) and each of the two northern populations (northern form) resulted in a significantly higher number of tadpoles with growth abnormalities. An electrophoretic examination of metamorphlings indicated that there was considerable genetic divergence between the two forms, with several loci approaching fixation of alternate alleles. The Snowy Mountains population also had substantially reduced levels of genetic variation compared to the two northern populations. Although genetic distances generally correlate with geographic distance, the genetic differences between the northern and southern populations form a pronounced step, not explicable by geographic distance alone. These findings have taxonomic implications which should be taken into account when considering the conservation management of this uncommon species.

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38

Smith, Michael J., and J. Dale Roberts. "Call structure may affect male mating success in the quacking frog Crinia georgiana (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 53, no. 4 (March 1, 2003): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00265-002-0563-2.

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39

Mo, Matthew. "Reptiles and Amphibians on a University Campus in a Peri-urban Area of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia." Reptiles & Amphibians 29, no. 1 (February 13, 2022): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/randa.v29i1.16317.

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Building upon a previous species inventory published in 2004 and based on observations between 2008 and 2011, I herein describe the reptile and amphibian assemblage on a university campus in the northwestern corner of the Sydney metropolitan area, Australia, recording 26 species of reptiles in nine families (Chelidae, Agamidae, Carphodactylidae, Scincidae, Varanidae, Typhlopidae, Colubridae, Elapidae, Pythonidae) and 13 species of amphibians in three families (Pelodryadidae, Limnodynastidae, Myobatrachidae). Included are records of the Macquarie Turtle (Emydura macquarii) and Eastern Water Dragon (Intellagama lesueurii lesueurii), neither of which were considered indigenous to the campus in the previous inventory, and one observation of two Ornate Burrowing Frogs (Platyplectrum ornatum), which previously were thought to be only historically present at the site. Seven species predicted to be present on the campus by the previous inventory were confirmed by observations in this study. These observations demonstrate how green spaces on the periphery of one of the world’s largest cities can harbor a diverse assemblage of reptiles and amphibians.

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40

H. Pyke, Graham. "Mining a museum frog collection for environmental bio-indicators using specimens of the Striped Marsh Frog Limnodynastes peronii." Pacific Conservation Biology 14, no. 3 (2008): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc080200.

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Museum specimens of the Striped Marsh Frog, (Limnodynastes peronii; Myobatrachidae), were examined to evaluateits potential role in providing bio-indicators of environmental quality and change. I hypothesized that chemical pollutionof their breeding habitat would have peaked during the 1960s or 1970s, and that the levels of physical abnormality and morphological asymmetry for this frog species would tend to increase with increasing pollution. Consistent with this, I found that both the proportion of frogs with physical abnormalities and the average difference in length between the left and right lower legs peaked for specimens collected during the 1960s or 1970s and were lower for specimens collected during earlier and later decades. I also found that the overall proportion of specimens of this species with physical abnormalities was high relative to presumed background levels, which is consistent with relatively elevated levels of pollution in the degraded habitats where this species generally occurs. In this and similar ways, biological collections may be mined to provide environmental bio-indicators.

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41

MAHONY, MICHAEL, STEPHEN C. DONNELLAN, STEPHEN J. RICHARDS, and KEITH MCDONALD. "Species boundaries among barred river frogs, Mixophyes (Anura: Myobatrachidae) in north-eastern Australia, with descriptions of two new species." Zootaxa 1228, no. 1 (June 9, 2006): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1228.1.3.

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Mixophyes are large ground-dwelling myobatrachid frogs from eastern Australia and New Guinea. We use analyses of allozyme frequencies, nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA and morphology to define species boundaries in Mixophyes from the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area of northern Queensland. The molecular analyses identify a minimum of three species in the region. Morphometric and meristic analyses corroborate these distinctions. The existence of two of these species was not previously suspected, and they are formally described herein.

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42

Young, Jeanne E., Michael J. Tyler, and Sally A. Kent. "Diminutive New Species of Uperoleia Grey (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from the Vicinity of Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia." Journal of Herpetology 39, no. 4 (December 2005): 603–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1670/77-05a.1.

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43

Lemckert, Francis L., and Richard Shine. "Costs of Reproduction in a Population of the Frog Crinia signifera (Anura: Myobatrachidae) from Southeastern Australia." Journal of Herpetology 27, no. 4 (December 1993): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1564830.

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44

Berry, Oliver. "Genetic Evidence for Wide Dispersal by the Sand Frog, Heleioporus psammophilus (Anura: Myobatrachidae), in Western Australia." Journal of Herpetology 35, no. 1 (March 2001): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1566037.

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45

Penman, Trent, Francis Lemckert, Chris Slade, and Michael Mahony. "Non-breeding habitat requirements of the giant burrowing frog,Heleioporus australiacus(Anura: Myobatrachidae) in south-eastern Australia." Australian Zoologist 33, no. 2 (December 2005): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7882/az.2005.022.

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46

Spande, T. F., M. W. Edwards, L. K. Pannell, J. W. Daly, V. Erspamer, and P. Melchiorri. "Pseudophrynamine A: an unusual prenyl pyrrolo[2,3-b]indole ester from an Australian frog, Pseudophryne coriacea (Myobatrachidae)." Journal of Organic Chemistry 53, no. 6 (March 1988): 1222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00241a019.

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47

Mahony, MJ, SC Donnellan, and JD Roberts. "An Electrophoretic Investigation of Relationships of Diploid and Tetraploid Species of Australian Desert Frogs Neobatrachus (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 44, no. 6 (1996): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9960639.

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Allozyme electrophoresis of 27 loci was used to characterise genetic variation among 29 populations of six diploid species of the myobatrachid frog genus Neobatrachus. All six species are well differentiated genetically with the percentage of fixed differences between species ranging from 11 to 59%. The genetic data are in agreement with the currently accepted species boundaries. The four tetraploid species were examined for 25 of the 27 loci assayed in the diploid species. In contrast to the diploid species, the tetraploid species shared electromorphs with each other at all the loci examined. The tetraploid species were examined for the presence of electromorphs specific to individual diploid species. The majority of these electromorphs were observed in the tetraploid species. For cases in which the range of a tetraploid species contacts that of a diploid species and the diploid population can be characterised by unique electromorphs, then evidence of current gene flow was found in the direction of the tetraploid populations. The data are compatible with single or multiple discrete or hybrid origins of the tetraploids overlain by gene flow among the tetraploids and between the tetraploids and some and perhaps all of the diploids by means of geographically limited but ongoing episodes of introgressive hybridisation.

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48

CLULOW, SIMON, MARION ANSTIS, J. SCOTT KEOGH, and RENEE A. CATULLO. "A new species of Australian frog (Myobatrachidae: Uperoleia) from the New South Wales mid-north coast sandplains." Zootaxa 4184, no. 2 (November 3, 2016): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4184.2.3.

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49

Anstis, Marion. "A comparative study of divergent embryonic and larval development in the Australian frog genus Geocrinia (Anura: Myobatrachidae)." Records of the Western Australian Museum 25, no. 4 (2010): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.18195/issn.0312-3162.25(4).2010.399-440.

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50

Thumm, K., and M. J. Mahony. "Evidence for continuous iteroparity in a temperate-zone frog, the red-crowned toadlet, Pseudophryne australis (Anura : Myobatrachidae)." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 2 (2002): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01038.

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The breeding behaviour of the red-crowned toadlet, Pseudophryne australis, was observed both in the field and in captivity. Female and male red-crowned toadlets were active in the field throughout the year. New egg masses were observed all year except mid-winter. Females returned in a gravid condition repeatedly to the breeding site over years and presumably deposited eggs, and a captive female has laid 34 clutches over 7.25 years. P. australis has evolved continuous iteroparity in a region where most frogs breed once a year, seasonally, in reliable long-lasting ponds or permanent creeks. We suggest that the comparatively extreme iteroparity observed is a result of the limitations imposed on the species in the choice of oviposition time, due to unpredictable rainfall, and of the limited availability and suitability of nesting sites. Further, iteroparity may have evolved because there is high variance in reproductive success, or particularly high recruitment losses incurred as a result of the desiccation of embryos or larvae in the ephemeral breeding sites. The adaptive response is to lay small clutches often and to gamble that follow up rains will occur on some occasions to enable recruitment. The alternative, to lay a large clutch of eggs at one time and have the ephemeral pond dry because there was no follow-up rain, would lead to total reproductive loss.

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