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Kim, Junghun, Jinhong Jung, and U. Kang. "Compressing deep graph convolution network with multi-staged knowledge distillation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): e0256187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256187.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Given a trained deep graph convolution network (GCN), how can we effectively compress it into a compact network without significant loss of accuracy? Compressing a trained deep GCN into a compact GCN is of great importance for implementing the model to environments such as mobile or embedded systems, which have limited computing resources. However, previous works for compressing deep GCNs do not consider the multi-hop aggregation of the deep GCNs, though it is the main purpose for their multiple GCN layers. In this work, we propose MustaD (Multi-staged knowledge Distillation), a novel approach for compressing deep GCNs to single-layered GCNs through multi-staged knowledge distillation (KD). MustaD distills the knowledge of 1) the aggregation from multiple GCN layers as well as 2) task prediction while preserving the multi-hop feature aggregation of deep GCNs by a single effective layer. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets show that MustaD provides the state-of-the-art performance compared to other KD based methods. Specifically, MustaD presents up to 4.21%p improvement of accuracy compared to the second-best KD models.
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Moh Sofyan Andrian, Andrian, and Majid Abdul Majid. "Mustad'afin dalam Al-Qur'an." PUTIH: Jurnal Pengetahuan Tentang Ilmu dan Hikmah 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 65–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.51498/putih.v8i1.99.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article aims to explore the articulation of mustad}'afi>n that is actually desired in the Qur'an. According to most, this term is still interpreted as d}u'afa>', while in fact it has different meanings and purposes. In this article, the researcher uses the perspective of Buya Hamka's interpretation. From the interpretation of this local figure, revealing mustad}'afi>n will often remind oneself of Indonesia's past during the colonial era. The mustad}'afi>n are certainly different from the d}u'afa>'. Because, mustad}'afi>n are groups who are oppressed by other groups, but in fact they still have power and are not poor like the d}u'afa>'. The oppressed are always found in every era. Because every turn of the time cannot be separated from the tragedy of domination over something. The oppressed themselves are not only from an economic point of view, but also from a scientific, physical and mental aspect, as well as faith and morals. A little observation of Buya Hamka's interpretation of the letter al-Nisa>'/4 verse 75, that there is an oppression that has occurred in the history of Muslims, where Muslims are under the control of the Meccan polytheists so they cannot migrate. Therefore, as fellow Muslims, it is fitting to help the oppressed by defeating the oppressors. It is a dedication to protect themselves and save the oppressed from oppression
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Kronberg, Janika, Jaan Kaplinski, Johannes Salminen, Aino Laagus, and Mari Allik. "Ööd valged ja mustad: Kirjavahetus aastast 2001." World Literature Today 78, no. 3/4 (2004): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40158568.
Повний текст джерела
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McLellan, William A., Logan H. Arthur, Sarah D. Mallette, Steven W. Thornton, Ryan J. McAlarney, Andrew J. Read, and D. Ann Pabst. "Longline hook testing in the mouths of pelagic odontocetes." ICES Journal of Marine Science 72, no. 5 (October 19, 2014): 1706–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Several species of odontocete cetaceans depredate bait and catch and, as a result, become hooked and entangled in pelagic longline fisheries. The present study measured how selected commercial longline hooks, including “weak hooks”, behaved within odontocete mouths. Five hooks (Mustad-16/0, Mustad-18/0, Mustad J-9/0, Korean 16, and Korean 18) were tested on three species of odontocetes known to interact with longline fisheries—short-finned pilot whales (Globicephala macrorhynchus), Risso's dolphins (Grampus griseus), and false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens). Specimens were secured to a stanchion, hooks were placed in the mouth at multiple positions along the dorsal lip, and the force required to pull each hook free was measured. The soft tissue lips of these odontocetes were capable of resisting forces up to 250 kg before failing. The polished steel M-16, M-18, and J-9 hooks straightened at forces between 50 and 225 kg, depending on hook gauge. When straightened, these hooks exposed the sharpened barb, which sliced through the lip tissue, usually releasing the hook intact. The K-16 and K-18 hooks behaved very differently, breaking at higher forces (110–250 kg) and consistently just at the barb; usually, there was measurable soft-tissue loss and often shards of the hook were retained within those soft tissues. The different behaviours of these two hook types—the M and J type polished steel vs. the K type carbon steel—were consistent across all species tested. Mechanical tests were also conducted to determine if hooks could fracture the mandible of these same odontocetes. Only the M-18 and K-18 hooks had sufficiently large gapes to hook around the mandible, and both hook types fractured bone in short-finned pilot whales and Risso's dolphins. These results support other lines of evidence indicating that longline hooks can cause serious injury to these species, and suggest possible steps to mitigate these impacts.
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Lima, Françoise D., Hugo Parra, Rita B. Alves, Marco A. R. Santos, Karen A. Bjorndal, Alan B. Bolten, and Frederic Vandeperre. "Effects of gear modifications in a North Atlantic pelagic longline fishery: A multiyear study." PLOS ONE 18, no. 10 (October 19, 2023): e0292727. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The threat of population declines caused by pelagic longline fisheries in the Atlantic has increased the concern to find strategies that minimize the bycatch and mortality of non-target marine animals. Gear modification, such as the use of circle hooks instead of conventional J-hooks, has been identified as an effective bycatch reduction strategy in different pelagic longline fisheries around the world. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of the use of circle hooks by quantifying catch rates, relative size selectivity, and anatomical hooking position for the most common target species (swordfish, Xiphias gladius, and blue shark, Prionace glauca), and some bycatch species (loggerhead sea turtles, Caretta caretta, and shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus) caught by the Azorean longline fishing fleet. The trial was conducted for five consecutive years (2000–2004) using eight different types of hooks. In general, the blue shark catches using circle hooks were significantly higher compared to J (Mustad 9/0). The circle hooks also showed high probabilities of catching juvenile blue sharks. Conversely, the circle hooks were efficient in reducing the loggerhead sea turtle bycatch and were related to fewer catches of small sea turtle individuals. The use of circle hooks was also associated with reduced swordfish catches compared to J (Mustad 9/0), and the effect of hook types on length at capture was only significant for Circle (L. & P. 18/0—CLP18) and Ringed Tuna (RT). No significant differences were observed comparing hook type to either catch rates or size selectivity for shortfin mako. Additionally, circle hooks were more likely to lodge in the mouth than in deeper anatomical positions, when compared to J (Mustad 9/0), for the four species analysed. The present study demonstrated that the use of circle hooks could mitigate the impact of the pelagic longline fisheries in the Azores by decreasing the bycatch of sea turtles and reducing animal injuries caused by deep hooking.
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Majchrzak, Barbara, Tomasz P. Kurowski, and Zofia Karpińska. "Pathogens present on vegetative organs and seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and chinese mustad (Brassica juncea L.)." Acta Agrobotanica 56, no. 1-2 (2013): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2003.009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The research was conducted in the years 1999-2001. The aim of the research was to determine the health condition of overground parts and seeds of white niuslard (<i>Sinapis alba</i> L.) cv. Metex and chinese mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) cv. Małopolska. In all the years of the research alternaria blight was found on the leaves of white mustard which injury index ranged from 5,6% in 2001 to 17,6% in 200O. The most dangerous disease of chinese mustard also was alternaria blight and its symptoms were found on leaves and siliques. The strongest infection of leaves was in 2000 (50%) and the weakest in 2001 (6,7%). In all the years of the research siliques were rather weak infected (50-8,89%). Besides powdery mildew was found on chinese mustard which injury index ranged from 0,3% in 1999 to 32,3% in 2000. Intensity of diseases was affected generally by the weather conditions. From the seeds of white mustard and chinese mustard were isolated respectively 263 and 137 colonies. <i>Alternaria alternata</i> was the most numerous species which makes respectively 60,9% and 42,3% isolates. Among the fungi pathogenic for white and chinese mustard were also isolated: <i>A. brassicae, Botrytis cinerea</i> and <i>Rhizoctonia solami</i>.
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Misbachul Munir. "Hermeneutika Farid Esack." Jurnal Ilmiah Spiritualis: Jurnal Pemikiran Islam dan Tasawuf 4, no. 2 (August 8, 2020): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.53429/spiritualis.v4i2.52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Al-Qur‟an adalah kitab suci yang dijadikan pedoman bagi umat Islam dalam segala hal, termasuk memecahkan masalah sosial-politik yang terjadi di Afrika Selatan. Farid Esack adalah tokoh reformis muslim Afrika Selatan yang memiliki gagasan hermenutis untuk membebaskan masyarakat Afrika Selatan dari penindasan Apartheid. Upaya yang dilakukan Esack adalah dengan melakukan reinterpretasi terhadap teologi Islam. Kesimpulan dari artikel ini adalah hermeneutika pembebasan yang digagas oleh Farid Esack meliputi: taqwa, tauh}id, al-na>s, mustad}‘ifu>n, al-adl-al-qist}, dan jihad. Metode tersebut diterapkan untuk memaknai kembali arti iman dan kufr. Menurutnya, iman bukan sebatas keyakinan di hati, akan tetapi terbukti dalam tindakan diri. Sedangkan kufr didefinisikan dalam wilayah agama dan tindakan. Fir‟aun adalah reinterpretasi kufr dalam di>n dan tindakan. Sedangkan penguasa yang memiliki karakter menindas seperti Fir‟aun juga dapat dikatakan sebagai kufr, sebab ia bertentangan dengan keadilan dan tidak berpihak kepada kaum yang lemah.
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ERZINI, K., J. M. S. GONCALVES, L. BENTES, P. G. LINO, J. RIBEIRO, D. K. MOUTOPOULOS, and K. I. STERGIOU. "Competition between static gear of the small-scale fisheries in Algarve waters (southern Portugal)." Mediterranean Marine Science 11, no. 2 (October 15, 2010): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.74.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parallel fishing trials with 0.30 mm diameter monofilament gill nets and longlines using small hooks were carried out in the Algarve (southern Portugal) over a one-year period, 1997-1998, with the objective of comparing species composition, catch rates, discards and size ranges. Four hook sizes of 'Mustad' brand, round bent, flatted sea hooks (numbers 15, 13, 12 and 11) and four mesh sizes of 25, 30, 35 and 40 mm (nominal bar length) of gill nets were used in the trials. Overall, 84 species were caught, with gill nets taking 71 species and longlines 54 species and with 41 species caught by both gears. The amount of discarding was higher for gill nets than for longlines. The catch species composition differed between the two gears, with the commercially valuable sea breams dominating the longline catches whereas small pelagics were relatively more important in the gill nets. Multivariate analysis showed a clear separation between the different sizes of the two gears both in terms of numbers and weights per species. Algarve gill netters and longliners fish the same species assemblage on the same fishing grounds, but have clearly different impacts in terms of catch species composition, catch rates and sizes. This information will be useful for the improved management of these small-scale, multi-species, multi-gear fisheries, where different gears compete for scarce resources. In particular this study provides a basis for a more rational allocation of licenses and control of fishing effort.
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SINGH, NAVEEN, D. K. YADAVA, SUJATA VASUDEV, RAJENDRA SINGH, S. C. GIRI, B. DASS, SIDDHARTHA BARUN, and K. V. PRABHU. "Combining ability and heterobeltiosis for yield and yield contributing traits in high quality oil Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) genotypes." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 85, no. 4 (April 16, 2015): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v85i4.47913.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heterosis and combining ability estimates were worked out using Line × Tester analysis of 72 hybrids developed by crossing 12 lines with 6 testers including four double zero, ten single zero and four conventional Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. & Coss.] genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed sufficient differences among parents, hybrids and parent vs. hybrids for most of the traits studied. Both additive and non additive type of gene effects for seed yield and yield related traits were observed. Estimates of GCA effects indicated that Pusa Mustard 22, Pusa Mustard 29, Pusa Agrani, EC 597318 and Pusa Karishma were good general combiners. One hybrid low in erucic acid and glucosinolates content (PDZ 3 × EC 597318), six low in erucic acid content (Pusa Mustard 22 × Pusa Karishma, Pusa Mustard 24 × Pusa Karishma, EC 597325 × Pusa Karishma, TERI M 21 × EC 597318, ELM 132 × EC 597318, Pusa Mustard 29 × Pusa Mustard 21) and six conventional hybrids (EC 597325 × Pusa Agrani, RH(00)7003 × Varuna, ALM 936A × Varuna, Pusa Musatrd 29 × Pusa Agrani, Pusa Tarak × Pusa Mustard 21 and PDZ 3 × Varuna) had significantly high sca effects, >15% heterobeltiosis and high per se performance for seed yield/plant. These high quality oil genotypes involved in developing heterotic hybrids, in this study, shall be converted to cytoplasmic male sterile and/or restorer lines. Identified high yielding cross combinations can further be exploited for improving the yield and quality of Indian mustard.
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1, Kirti, Singh O. O. P, and Tripathi S. K. "CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF MUSTADI KWATH IN STHOULYA (OBESITY)." November 2020 08, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 5105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46607/iamj2208112020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Sthoulya is a major health problem affecting a high proportion of population in India. Ayurveda is the science of life with the aim of achieving health and curing diseases. (Obesity) Sthoulya is a burning problem in this world scenario and has acquired status of an epidemic. The sedentary lifestyles, stress and dietary habits etc., which are the gift of modern world, are primary predisposing factors for Sthoulya. Obe-sity is basically a behavioral disorder. Method: The major risk related with Sthoulya is that it favors com-plicated pathologies like hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, stroke, etc. Re-sult: Conservative management of Sthoulya according to Ayurvedic principles provides significant relief and improves quality of life. Mustadi Kwath is mentioned in Charak Samhinta in Santarpaniya Adhayaya (Chapter 23). Conclusion: Mustadi Kwath consists of Triphala, Haridra, Musta, Aarghawadha, Patha, Devadaru, Swadamshtra, Khadira, Nimba, Daruharidra, Kutaja, Twaka.
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Aloatuan, Febiayu, and Centhya Victorin Maitimu. "The Effectiveness of Liquid Bio-Organic Fertilizer Water Hyacinth with Trichoderma Sp on The Growth and Productivity of Mustard Pakcoy, Mustard Petsai and White Mustrad." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 2 (May 9, 2022): 494–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i2.3345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mustard is a vegetable with high economic value, including mustard pakcoy (Brassica rapa subsp, chinensis), mustard petsai (Brassica chinensis L), and white mustard (Brassica rapa subsp, pekinensis). To meet consumer needs, it is necessary to increase the production of mustard through organic farming by implementing an agricultural system that utilizes water hyacinth in the form of liquid organic fertilizer. Water hyacinth is an aquatic weed so an alternative is needed to reduce its population by using it as a liquid organic fertilizer with a bio-activator Trichoderma sp. The purpose of the study was to measure plant height, number of leaves, leaf width, and wet weight of mustard pakcoy, mustard petsai, and white mustard. The design of this study used a single factor RAL, namely giving water hyacinth POC with bio-activator Trichoderma sp on 3 types of mustard, with 3 levels, namely A = 32 ml/L (mustard pakcoy), B = 32 ml/L (mustard petsai), C=32 ml/L (white mustard) which was repeated 5 times. Research proves that giving water hyacinth POC with bio-activator Trichoderma sp 32 ml/liter has a significant effect on the height and width of white mustard leaves. For the number of leaves and wet weight, giving water hyacinth POC with bio-activator Trichoderma sp 32 ml/liter had a significant effect on mustard pakcoy compared to other mustards. This means that POC with bio-activator Trichoderma sp can be used as an environmentally friendly liquid organic fertilizer, especially for mustard pakcoy and white mustard which can stimulate plant growth and productivity.
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Čapek, J. "White Mustard Polarka." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 42, No. 4 (November 21, 2011): 149–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6062-cjgpb.
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Čapek, J. "White mustard Severka." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 40, No. 1 (November 23, 2011): 29–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/6090-cjgpb.
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Skrinjar, Marija, and Nevena Nemet. "Antimicrobial effects of spices and herbs essential oils." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 40 (2009): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0940195s.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spices and herbs have been used as food additives since ancient times, as flavouring agents but also as natural food preservatives. A number of spices shows antimicrobial activity against different types of microorganisms. This article gives a literature review of recent investigations considering antimicrobial activity of essential oils widely used spices and herbs, such as garlic, mustard, cinnamon, cumin, clove, bay, thyme, basil, oregano, pepper, ginger, sage, rosemary etc., against most common bacteria and fungi that contaminate food (Listeria spp., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia spp., Pseudomonas spp., Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp. and many others). Antimicrobial activity depends on the type of spice or herb, type of food and microorganism, as well as on the chemical composition and content of extracts and essential oils. Summarizing results of different investigations, relative antimicrobial effectiveness can be made, and it shows that cinnamon, cloves and mustrad have very strong antimicrobial potential, cumin, oregano, sage, thyme and rosemary show medium inhibitory effect, and spices such as pepper and ginger have weak inhibitory effect.
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Kartika, Sholikah Dwi, and Ida Agustini Saidi. "The Effect of Concentration of Flour, Green Mustard Pasta (Brassica Juncea) On The Characteristics of Ice Cream." Journal of Tropical Food and Agroindustrial Technology 3, no. 01 (December 6, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jtfat.v3i01.1587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to determine the effect of the concentration of green mustard flour (Brassica juncea) and green mustard paste on the characteristics of ice cream. The levels are P1 0% Green Mustard Flour and 0% Green Mustard Paste, P2 3% Green Mustard Flour, P3 6% Green Mustard Flour, P4 9% Green Mustard Flour, P5 12% Green Mustard Flour, P6 15% Green Mustard Paste, P7 20% Green Mustard Paste, P8 25% Green Mustard Paste and P9 30% Mustard Paste. The variables measured were organoleptic tests on aroma, taste, color, texture and overall acceptance. The results showed that the concentration of green mustard flour and green mustard paste had a significant effect on organoleptic tests (aroma, taste, color, texture and overall acceptance). The best treatment parameters in this study were ice cream with a concentration of mustard paste 25% (P8) which showed an organoleptic aroma value of 3.3 (slightly typical of mustard greens - not typical of mustard greens), organoleptic taste of 2.9 (no taste typical of mustard greens - slightly taste typical of mustard greens), color organoleptic 3.6 (Slightly green – green), texture organoleptic 3.9 (soft), organoleptic overall reception 3.4 (slightly like – like).
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Wall, David A. "Comparative Analysis of Three Cruciferous Weeds: Growth, Development, and Competitiveness." Weed Science 43, no. 1 (March 1995): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500080851.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wild, ball, and dog mustard growth and development were investigated by mathematical growth analysis in a greenhouse experiment. Plant height and total plant biomass over the growth period followed the trend wild mustard > ball mustard > dog mustard. Dog mustard plants had lower leaf areas than either wild or ball mustard. In a replacement series experiment, wild mustard was more competitive than either ball or dog mustard, and ball mustard was more competitive than dog mustard.
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Kumar, Pradeep, M. Z. Siddiqui, Sunil Kumar Prajapati, Shivendra Singh, Gurwaan Singh, and Deepak Kumar Rawat. "The Effect of Diverse Intercropping System on Growth Indices, Yield and Profitability of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.): Variety Azad Mahak." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 22 (November 17, 2023): 145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i224120.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intercropping enhances crop yield and quality by growing different crop species together on the same piece of land in distinct row combinations. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to study the suitable combination of mustard based intercropping with different crops at students’ instructional farm, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during Rabi season 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatment combinations viz., T1 Sole Mustard, T2 Mustard: Chickpea (1:1), T3 Mustard: Chickpea (2:1), T4 Mustard: Lentil (1:1), T5 Mustard: Lentil (2:1), T6 Mustard: Linseed (1:1), T7 Mustard: Linseed (2:1), T8 Mustard: Field Pea (1:1) and T9 Mustard: Field Pea (2:1) with replicated thrice. The result revealed that growth attributes in the intercropping system were most notably observed in sole Mustard, with the Mustard + Lentil (1:1) system following closely. The Mustard + Lentil (1:1) intercropping system yielded a significantly higher mustard equivalent yield (2.77 t ha-1). Notably, the greatest net returns were obtained from sole Mustard cultivation (INR 151,045.50 ha-1), though the Mustard + Lentil (1:1) system also produced substantial returns (INR 144,001.00 ha-1). Furthermore, the benefit-cost ratio was highest for sole Mustard (5.05), with the Mustard + Lentil (1:1) system (4.82). In conclusion, these results support the superior productivity and profitability of sole Mustard cultivation, closely followed by the Mustard + Lentil (1:1) intercropping system.
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Rizka, Rizka Faticha Sari, Ida Agustini Saidi, Syarifa Ramadhani Nurbaya, and Rahmah Utami Budiandari. "Characteristics Sensory of White Bread Enriched with Various Concentrations of Green Mustard Flour (Brassica Juncea)." Journal of Tropical Food and Agroindustrial Technology 3, no. 02 (April 20, 2022): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/jtfat.v3i02.1602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to find out the effect of the concentration of green mustard flour (Brassica juncea) on the characteristics of fresh bread. This study was conducted using a randomized design group (RAK) factorial with the first factor of treatment of the concentration of green mustard flour consisting of 9 levels namely P1 0% Green Mustard Flour, P2 1% Green Mustard Flour, P3 2% Green Mustard Flour, P4 3% Green Mustard Flour, P5 4% Green Mustard Flour, P6 5% Green Mustard Flour, P7 6% Green Mustard Flour, P8 7% Green Mustard Flour and P9 8% Mustard Flour. The variable measured is an organoleptic test of volume, taste, and texture. The results showed that the treatment of the concentration of green mustard flour had a noticeable effect on organoleptic tests (volume, taste, and texture).
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Dao, Bei, Jonathan Stalling, and Yongan Wu. "Mustard." Chinese Literature Today 1, no. 1 (September 2010): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21514399.2010.11833904.
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Biswas, PK, H. Chakma, and TS Roy. "Production Potential and Competitive Indices of Mustard Based Intercropping With Wheat Under Different Row Ratios." Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 22, no. 2 (June 16, 2020): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/baj.v22i2.47644.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from November, 2015 to March, 2016 to study the performance of wheat-mustard intercropping as influenced by different row ratios. Ten treatments were included in the study as, T1 (sole wheat), T2 (sole mustard), T3 (wheatmustard in 2:1 rows), T4 (wheat-mustard in 3:1 rows), T5 (wheat-mustard in 4:1 rows), T6 (wheat-mustard in 5:1 rows), T7 (wheat-mustard in 2:2 rows), T8 (wheat-mustard in 3:2 rows), T9 (wheat-mustard in 4:2 rows) and T10 (wheat-mustard in 5:2 rows). The experimental result indicatedthe significant variations of wheat yield by the wheatmustard intercropping system. The highest seed yield of wheat (3.4 t ha-1) was obtained from T1 (sole wheat) that identical with T4 (wheat-mustard in 3:1 rows) and similar with T9 (wheat-mustard in 4:2 rows). Wheat yield gradually decreased with increasing mustard rows. The lowest seed yield (1.87 t ha-1) was obtained from T7 (wheat-mustard in 2:2 rows) which was statistically similar to T8 (wheat-mustard in 3:2 rows). The highest wheat equivalent yield (5.03 t ha-1) was obtained from T4 (wheat-mustard in 3:1 rows). Treatment T4 (wheat-mustard in 3:1 rows) produced the highest LER (1.45). Economic analysis of the different treatments showed that the highest gross return (Tk. 120250.0 ha- 1), the highest net return (Tk. 61178.0 ha-1) and BCR (2.04) from T4 (wheat-mustard in 3:1 rows). Therefore, present study suggest that wheat and mustard intercropped in 3:1 rows showed the most compatible in respect of yield advantage and economic gain.
Bangladesh Agron. J. 2019, 22(2): 161-169
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Sun, Bo, Yu-Xiao Tian, Qing Chen, Yong Zhang, Ya Luo, Yan Wang, Meng-Yao Li, et al. "Variations in the glucosinolates of the individual edible parts of three stem mustards ( Brassica juncea )." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 2 (February 2019): 182054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.182054.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The composition and content of glucosinolates were investigated in the edible parts (petioles, peel and flesh) of tuber mustard, bamboo shoots mustard and baby mustard by high-performance liquid chromatography to reveal the association between the different cooking methods and their glucosinolate profiles. Eight glucosinolates were identified from tuber mustard and baby mustard, including three aliphatic glucosinolates, four indole glucosinolates and one aromatic glucosinolate. Only six of the eight glucosinolates were detected in bamboo shoots mustard. The results show that the distribution and content of glucosinolates varied widely among the different tissues and species. The highest contents of glucosinolates in tuber mustard, bamboo shoots mustard and baby mustard were found in flesh, petioles and peel, respectively. The content of total glucosinolates ranged from 5.21 µmol g –1 dry weight in bamboo shoots mustard flesh to 25.64 µmol g −1 dry weight in baby mustard peel. Aliphatic glucosinolates were predominant in the three stem mustards, followed by indole and aromatic glucosinolates. Sinigrin was the predominant glucosinolate in the three stem mustards. Sinigrin content in tuber mustard was slightly higher than that in baby mustard and much higher than that in bamboo shoots mustard, suggesting that the pungent-tasting stem mustards contained more sinigrin. In addition, a principal components analysis showed that bamboo shoots mustard was distinguishable from the other two stem mustards. A variance analysis indicated that the glucosinolates were primarily influenced by a species × tissue interaction. The correlations among glucosinolates were also analysed.
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Sarhadi, Wakil Ahmad, Mir Zaman Naybkhil, Wahida Yousofzai, and Shamsurahan Shams. "The Effects of Different Seed Rates on Yield and Economical Feasibility of Mustard (Brassica juncea)." Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology 3, no. 3 (July 21, 2024): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.55544/jrasb.3.3.32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapeseed-mustard plant (Brassica juncea)” is any one of several plant species in the genera Brassica, Rhamphospermum and Sinapis in the family Brassicaceae (the mustard family). Mustard seed is used as a spice. Grinding and mixing the seeds with water, vinegar, or other liquids creates the yellow condiment known as prepared mustard. The seeds can also be pressed to make mustard oil, and the edible leaves can be eaten as mustard greens. Many vegetables are cultivated varieties of mustard plants; domestication may have begun 6,000 years ago. Mustard is a popular condiment, commonly it is a popular condiment made from the seeds of the mustard plant. It can be prepared using white/yellow mustard, brown mustard, or black mustard seeds mixed with liquids, salt, and other flavorings to create a paste or sauce. Mustard pairs well with meats, vegetables, and cheeses and is commonly used in sandwiches, hamburgers, and hot dogs. It is also used in dressings, glazes, sauces, and marinades around the world. The word "mustard" has origins in Latin and French, and archaeological evidence suggests mustard cultivation dates back to ancient civilizations like the Indus Valley. Mustard has a long history of culinary use, with the Romans likely being the first to experiment with mustard as a condiment. In France, Dijon became a renowned center for mustard making, and Dijon mustard is still highly regarded today. Mustard has various uses, such as a condiment, an ingredient in sauces and soups, and an emulsifier in dishes like Hollandaise sauce. The flavor and heat of mustard depend on the seed type and preparation method. Mustard offers nutritional benefits such as vitamins, minerals, and omega-3 fatty acids. Mustard plants is used for producing edible oil for human, oil-cake for feeding animals, sauce, spices, medicine and other purposes in Afghanistan. Mustard has a long history in Afghanistan and is mostly cultivated in the Northern provinces such as Baghlan, Kunduz, Thakkar, Samangan and etc. For the above-mentioned importance of Mustard, we decided to apply a research on seed rates to fine the desirable seed rate of mustard crop for Afghan Mustard growers. Seed rates are one of the important factors, which the suitable seed rates prevent from the economic loss of farmers. This research accomplished in the title of “The effects of different seed rates on yield and growth components of mustard (Brassica juncea)” The research was designed in a complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and five treatments. The data were collected from growth parameters such as plant height, number branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1 as well as yield parameters such as number of pods plan-1, number of seeds plant-1, seed yield kg ha-1, dry matter kg ha-1 and biological yield kg ha-1. The collected data were analyzed using excel, OPSTAT online testing program, statistical tool for agricultural research (STAR). Based on the statistical analysis the significant differences were observed in all parameters at (P≥0.05. Least significant difference (LSD) was used to compare treatments. A positive correlation was also recognized between growth and yield parameters. Mostly treatment three (15 cm) space between rows performed high influence then the other treatments. We recommend much more research to find the best space between plant to plant and row to row. For the moment the farmers of Afghanistan can use the result of this research on their field for obtaining high yield from Mustard.
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Kadji, Veby, Damianus Adar, and Maximiliam M. J. Kapa. "PERILAKU KONSUMEN SAWI (Brassica Juncea L) PADA BEBERAPA PASAR TRADISIONAL DI KOTA KUPANG PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA TIMUR." Buletin Ilmiah IMPAS 21, no. 2 (September 19, 2020): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.35508/impas.v21i02.2634.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research has been carried out in the Oeba Traditional Market and Naikoten Traditional Inpres market in October to November 2017. The aim is to find out: (1) Purchase Volume of Mustard Consumer; (2) the preferred type of mustard; (3) identify the factors that influence the demand of mustard consumers; (4) Mustard Sales Volume. The method used in this research is survey. Determination of the location of research carried out by purposive sampling. Respondents were determined as many as 120 people. The type of data collected is primary data and secondary data. To answer the first and fourth objectives, the data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively, answering the second goal using a Likert scale and the third objective of the data analyzed using multiple linear regression.
The results showed that; (1) Of the 5 types of mustard the lowest purchase volume is dominated by curly mustard, namely the frequency of purchases per week 1-2 times with a volume of 1 kg - 2 kg. (2) The results of the study of 60 respondents, namely: 30 respondents in traditional traditional markets in Naikoten and 30 respondents in traditional Oeba markets, there are 3 types of mustard which are included in the Average category, namely curly mustard greens, and white mustard, and 2 types of mustard which are included in Like categories namely: mustard huma, and mustard caisim. (3) together - all factors significantly influence the demand for mustard greens shown by the F-count (14.895)> F-table (2.54) is significant at α = 5%. While the results shown by t-count which significantly influence α = 5% are Consumer Taste, and Holidays / Holidays. While the price of mustard greens, other vegetable prices, consumer income, the number of family members, the volume of mustard greens prepared by traders does not significantly affect the demand for mustard. (4) The lowest sales volume of mustard is dominated by Curly mustard, that is 9 respondents or 5% who sell with a volume of 22 - 42Kg / week
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Mikolajko, I., and L. Karpuk. "Peculiarities of mustard genofond formation in Ukraine." Agrobìologìâ, no. 2(183) (November 23, 2023): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2023-183-2-187-194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the research is to assess the features of the formation of the mustard genofond and its distribution in production in Ukraine. As of 2023 in the Register of plant varieties approved for the use in Ukraine, there are 40 varieties of mustard, of which 14 varieties are white mustard or 35 % of the total. The largest number of varieties of sarepda spring mustard is 42.5 % of the total number, which is due to a greater demand, since all other types of mustard are sown before winter. There is a great threat of their death during the overwintering period, but there is no such threat when sowing spring mustard. Most varieties are recommended for cultivation in all soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. Varietal change is most intense in varieties of white and black mustard, in the register of new varieties white mustard contains 57.2 %, black mustard – 66.7 %. Mustard was grown in Ukraine by all categories of farms, and the main indicators – sowing area before harvesting, grain yield and gross harvest – were mandatory for statistical reporting until 2015. After that it was not separately identified in statistical reporting, which complicates the accounting and analysis of crop cultivation volumes. The analysis of mustard areas before harvesting showed that the main amount of mustard was grown in agricultural farms in 2009, 167.53 thousand hectares or 96.5 % of the total area. By 2015, the mustard sown areas had been significantly decreased and amounted to 58.8 thousand ha in all categories of farms, or 2.85 times, compared to 2009, and the grain yield increased by an average of 0.24 t/ha. Yield enhancement provided gross harvest increment of mustard grain intensively, although due to the reduction in areas before harvesting, the gross grain harvest decreased. Key words: variety, white mustard, varieties register, mustard type, crop productivity, grain, growing areas.
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Hossain, MS, JK Paul, MM Rahman, MU Fazlullah, and S. Sarkar. "Role of honey bee on mustard (Brassica spp.) yield." Journal of Biodiversity Conservation and Bioresource Management 6, no. 1 (January 12, 2021): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcbm.v6i1.51328.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted in the field at Nagarpur, Tangail, Bangladesh, from November 2016 to February 2017 to find out the role of honey bees on mustard yield. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) was the main insect pollinator during mustard flowering season. Mustard seeds of variety Tori-7 were selected for this experiment. Three different treatments were used, viz. control, netting with honey bees and netting without honey bees. Honey bees helped mustard pollination, but decreased the flowering period (6 days) of the mustard plant. Honey bees assisted the pollination of mustard and increased the number of pod per plant (14%) as well as the number of seeds per pod (11%). Honey bees enhanced the pollination of mustard plant, and netting with honey bees increased the mean seed yield (15%) per plant of mustard, however, decreased the period of flowering stage of mustard. Mustard yield was considerably higher in honey bee foraging plots.
J. Biodivers. Conserv. Bioresour. Manag. 2020, 6(1): 25-30
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Bracy, Regina P., J. F. Fontenot, and R. J. Constantin. "STORAGE TEMPERATURE AND DURATION INFLUENCE DETERIORATION OF FILM-BAGGED AND NONBAGGED MUSTARD." HortScience 26, no. 5 (May 1991): 492c—492. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.5.492c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Brassica juncea var crispifolia was stored in perforated polyethylene bags, polyolefin heat-shrinkable films, and nonbagged at 1, 4, or 15C during three experiments in the spring of 1989 and 1990. Bagging mustard in perforated polyethylene bags or polyolefin films of Cryovac D-955 60-gauge or Cryovac D-955 100-gauge significantly reduced weight loss over nonbagged mustard. Bag type had a highly significant effect on CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere within bags of mustard, with highest CO2 concentrations occurring in the bags made of Cryovac film. Mustard stored in all bags retained marketable quality significantly better than nonbagged mustard. Bagged mustard was stored for 12 days at 1 or 4C with excellent quality, whereas nonbagged mustard was unacceptable after only 5 days in storage. Color, turgor, and appearance of all mustard were poor after 5 days in storage at 15C. Sensory evaluations indicated bagging and storing mustard for 12 days at 1 or 4C did not affect the flavor and quality of cooked mustard.
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Lietzow, Julika. "Biologically Active Compounds in Mustard Seeds: A Toxicological Perspective." Foods 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2021): 2089. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10092089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mustard plants have been widely cultivated and used as spice, medicine and as source of edible oils. Currently, the use of the seeds of the mustard species Sinapis alba (white mustard or yellow mustard), Brassica juncea (brown mustard) and Brassica nigra (black mustard) in the food and beverage industry is immensely growing due to their nutritional and functional properties. The seeds serve as a source for a wide range of biologically active components including isothiocyanates that are responsible for the specific flavor of mustard, and tend to reveal conflicting results regarding possible health effects. Other potentially undesirable or toxic compounds, such as bisphenol F, erucic acid or allergens, may also occur in the seeds and in mustard products intended for human consumption. The aim of this article is to provide comprehensive information about potentially harmful compounds in mustard seeds and to evaluate potential health risks as an increasing use of mustard seeds is expected in the upcoming years.
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KOPPELMAN, STEF J., RIEK VLOOSWIJK, GINA BOTTGER, GERT van DUIJN, PETER van der SCHAFT, JACCO DEKKER, and HANS van BERGEN. "Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Method To Detect Mustard Protein in Mustard Seed Oil." Journal of Food Protection 70, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-70.1.179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the detection of mustard protein was developed. The assay is based on a polyclonal antiserum directed against a mixture of mustard proteins raised in rabbits. The assay has a detection limit of 1.5 ppm (milligrams per kilogram) and is suitable for the detection of traces of mustard protein in mustard seed–derived flavoring ingredients. Limited cross-reactivity testing showed that no other plant proteins reacted significantly. From the animal proteins tested, only milk showed some cross-reactivity. With this sensitive assay, it was shown that refined mustard seed oil produced by steam distillation does not contain detectable amounts of mustard protein. Mustard seed oil is used as a flavoring in very low quantities, typically between 40 and 200 mg/kg. Thus, 100 g of a food product flavored with 200 mg of mustard seed oil per kg containing <1.5 mg of protein per kg would represent an amount of mustard seed protein of <30 ng. Taking into account the published literature on allergic reactions to the unintended ingestion of mustard, this conservatively low calculated level indicates that it is unlikely that food products containing mustard seed oil as a flavoring ingredient will elicit an allergic reaction in mustard-allergic individuals.
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K., Ramakrishna, Ch Pragathi Kumari, Sreedhar Chauhan, and T. Ram Prakash. "Growth and Yield Attributes of Mustard as Influenced by Mustard – Based Vegetable Intercropping Systems." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 10 (September 15, 2023): 3340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i103002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Adilabad, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agricultural University (PJTSAU), Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, from November, 2022 to March, 2023 to identify the best intercropping system in mustard intercropped with different root vegetable crops. The treatments include, T1: Mustard sole crop; T2: Radish sole crop; T3: Beetroot sole crop; T4: Carrot sole crop; T5: Potato sole crop; T6: Mustard + Radish (2:2); T7: Mustard + Beetroot (2:2); T8: Mustard + Carrot (2:2); T9: Mustard + Potato (2:2); T10: Mustard + Radish (3:3); T11: Mustard + Beetroot (3:3) ;T12: Mustard + Carrot (3:3); T13: Mustard + Potato (3:3). Results indicated that, mustard sole crop performed significantly better in terms of growth and yield parameters. However, among the intercropping systems, mustard + radish showed higher plant height (179 and 174 cm), significantly higher plant drymatter accumulation (2478, 2456 kg/ha), number of siliqua (1689 and 1675), grain yield (972 and 950 kg/ha) and stalk yield (2267 and 2242 kg/ha) in both 3:3 and 2:2 row proportions, respectively. Moreover, all the root vegetable crops, namely radish, beetroot, carrot and potato, showed better results in terms of growth and yield parameters as sole crops compared to when grown in intercropping systems. Considering the row proportions the performance was better in 3:3 than 2:2 but not statistically significant. The study concludes that, mustard +radish in both 3:3 and 2:2 row proportions can be a better intercropping system for Telangana.
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Ghorai, Asesh Kumar, and Ankit Kumar Ghorai. "Weed Smothering in Mustard (Brassica spp) by its High-Density Uniform Broadcast Sowing." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 2 (February 22, 2023): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i21656.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Manual weed control in mustard is very expensive because of its high labour requirement i.e., 150-250 labourers/ha. Chemical weed control again imposes environmental hazards. Mechanical weed control in mustard is not still that popular till date. Due to severe weed competition, the yield reduction in Indian mustard may go as high as 70 per cent. Thus weed control in zero till mustard using its high-density sowing (HDS) was studied in different farmers’ field, at ICAR-CRIJAF, in North 24 PGS and Purulia, from 2018-2022. Fast growing and high- density uniform mustard canopy (100-200 m2) developed at early stages hinders sunlight penetration (up to 99.98 per cent) below its canopy (at 35- 40 days), leading to scanty and under developed growth of different composite weed species at harvest, those germinate or grow below mustard canopy. Weed population below mustard canopy was reduced by 92 to 97 per cent at mustard harvest. It was only 10-80/m2 at harvest over 350-1000/m2 in weedy situation at initial germination. The reduction of dicot weed biomass below matured mustard at harvest was 81-99 percent (5-150g/ m2) percent over weedy plots (500-800/ m2). Reduction of effective flowers/pods of different weeds under matured mustard canopy were up to 99.5 percent. Proper agronomic management practices of HDS mustard e.g., seed rate, date of sowing, uniformity of sowing, irrigation and fertiliser application will eliminate the herbicide application or manual weeding in mustard. Nearly 80 percent mustard plants remain active at harvest. It saves 150-250 labours /ha depending on weed species and its density of germination. Mustard grain yield ranged from 15-30 q/ha depending on management and varieties used. This weed smothering merit of mustard can be used for eco friendly weed control in other wide spaced field/horticultural crops using its dwarf variety (Toria).
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McMullan, Patrick M., James K. Daun, and Douglas R. DeClercq. "Effect of wild mustard (Brassica kaber) competition on yield and quality of triazine-tolerant and triazine-susceptible canola (Brassica napus and Brassica rapa)." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 74, no. 2 (April 1, 1994): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps94-071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Research was conducted at two sites near Brandon, Manitoba, in 1990 and 1991 to determine the influence of time of removal of wild mustard from triazine-tolerant (TT) or triazine-susceptible (TS) canola and the effects of wild mustard seed contamination on canola seed yield and oil characteristics. Wild mustard was removed by either cyanazine or ethametsulfuron at the two-to-four-leaf or the four-to-eight-leaf stage of wild mustard in each of six canola cultivars. Wild mustard decreased harvested seed yield of canola, and the presence of wild mustard seed in harvested canola seeds increased meal glucosinolate content compared with that of the weed-free check. Canola yield was greater than that of the untreated check when wild mustard was removed at either the two-to-four-leaf or the four-to-eight-leaf stage. Canola seed yield was reduced compared with that of the weed-free check when wild mustard was allowed to compete with canola until the four-to-eight-leaf stage. Meal protein content was decreased by either wild mustard competition or the presence of wild mustard seed in the samples in 1991 but not in 1990. Canola seed samples contaminated with wild mustard seed had reduced oil and oleic acid content at both sites. Wild mustard competition reduced canola oil and oleic acid content of the two TT cultivars more than it did those of TS cultivars. The presence of wild mustard seed (but not interference from wild mustard) increased the linolenic and erucic acid content of the extracted oil. Key words: Cyanazine, ethametsulfuron, oleic acid content, glucosinolate content, erucic acid content
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White, William E., Micah J. Sobus, and Brian c. Okerberg. "CONFORMATIONS OF MUSTARD SULFOXIDE AND MUSTARD SULFONE." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 142, no. 1 (November 1, 1998): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426509808029673.
Повний текст джерела
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PĂUCEAN, Adriana, Simona MAN, Sevastiţa MUSTE, Anamaria POP, Simona CHIȘ, and Delia COTIȘEL. "Physico-Chemical and Sensory Properties of Wheat Bread Supplemented With Mustard Flour." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Food Science and Technology 75, no. 1 (May 17, 2018): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/buasvmcn-fst:0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this investigation was to incorporate mustard flour into bread in order to improve its quality. For this purpose, wheat flour 650 type for bread making was replaced with mustard seed flour at the level of 5, 7 and 10%. Bread quality through physico-chemical and sensory characteristics was analyzed and compared to those of bread without mustard flour. The protein content of mustard flour bread increased with 5.03% as a result of mustard flour incorporation, coupled with an increase in ash content. Sensory evaluation results revealed that the sample containing 7% mustard flour scored highest in most of the attributes including overall acceptability. The study reveals that incorporation of 7% mustard flour gave desirable results in terms of phisyco-chemical and sensory caracteristics of mustard flour fortified bread.
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Isnaeni, Selvy, and N. Nasrudin. "Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Dua Jenis Sawi Menggunakan Perbedaan Nutrisi Secara Aeroponik." JURNAL GALUNG TROPIKA 10, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.31850/jgt.v10i1.715.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Consumer demand for mustard needs in Indonesia is increasing. Efforts to produce mustard greens use an aeroponic system to utilize nutrients in dosage and type correctly. The study aimed to determine the proper type of nutrition for the growth and production of two mustard greens in an aeroponic system. This study used a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor is the type of mustard which consists of two levels, namely pakcoy and pagoda. The second factor to consider is the nutrition applied at three different levels: AB mix, liquid organic fertilizer, and foliar fertilizer. Mustard greens grew and produced significantly differently when grown in an aeroponics system. Other nutrients greatly affected all observed variables, including plant height, leaf number, leaf color, root length, fresh plant weight, and dry plant weight. The use of pakcoy mustard provides the best growth and production of mustard greens compared to pagoda-type mustard. Giving AB mix nutrition to mustard greens can provide the best growth and production compared to nutrition from liquid organic fertilizers and foliar fertilizers. The AB mix nutritional treatment with pakcoy mustard produced the best results in plant height, leaf number, wet weight, dry weight, and root length. AB mix nutritional showing the best leaf color variable with pagoda mustard greens.
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Van Riper, Laura C., Roger L. Becker, and Luke C. Skinner. "Population Biology of Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) in Minnesota Hardwood Forests." Invasive Plant Science and Management 3, no. 1 (May 2010): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-09-00008.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractGarlic mustard, a biennial forb native to Europe, has invaded native ecosystems in forested regions in the United States. In anticipation of a biological control program being implemented in the United States for this plant, a garlic mustard monitoring program was initiated. The objective of this study was to characterize garlic mustard populations and the associated plant communities and their response to environmental conditions in Minnesota hardwood forest ecosystems. Additionally, we developed a baseline for long-term studies to determine future benefits and impacts of biological control agents on plant communities infested with garlic mustard, should they be released. To monitor garlic mustard populations, we used a nationally standardized protocol in which data were collected on garlic mustard population density and cover, garlic mustard plant heights and silique production, insect damage to garlic mustard, cover of the associated plant community, and litter cover. We also collected data on available photosynthetically active radiation in the understory. The results underscore the variability in garlic mustard population dynamics. At only 6 of 12 sites did garlic mustard densities follow the predicted two-point cycles due to their biennial life cycle, with the first- or second-year life stage dominating in any given year. Available light did not differ strongly among sites, but shading by adult plants is implicated in keeping the populations of first-year plants low. Sites with greater garlic mustard cover had lower native species richness and cover than sites with lower garlic mustard cover. Absent biological control agents, garlic mustard is currently experiencing very little herbivory in Minnesota with an average of 2% of leaf area removed by herbivores. Our work shows the importance of pre-release monitoring at multiple sites over multiple years to adequately characterize populations. Without control, garlic mustard will likely continue to have negative impacts on northern forests.
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Cuhra, Petr, Dana Gabrovská, Jana Rysová, Petr Hanák, Frantiek Štumr, A. Baranda, S. Barov, et al. "ELISA Kit for Mustard Protein Determination: Interlaboratory Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 94, no. 2 (March 1, 2011): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/94.2.605.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract An interlaboratory study in 12 laboratories was performed to prove the validation of the ELISA method developed for the quantitative determination of mustard protein in foods. The ELISA kit used for this study is based on rabbit polyclonal antibody. This kit did not produce any false-positive results or cross-reactivity with in-house validation for a broad range of food matrixes with no detectable mustard protein. All participants obtained the Mustard ELISA kit with standard operational procedures, a list of samples, samples, and a protocol for recording test results. The study included 15 food samples and two spiked samples. Seven food matrix samples of zero mustard content and four samples with mustard declared as an ingredient showed mustard protein content lower than that of the first standard (0.42 mg/kg). Four samples with mustard declared as an ingredient revealed mustard protein content above 12.5 mg/kg (the highest standard). The statistical tests (Cochran, Dixon, and Mandel) and analysis of variance were used to evaluate the interlaboratory study results. Repeatability and reproducibility limits, as well as an LOQ (1.8 mg mustard proteins/kg) and LOD (0.5 mg mustard proteins/kg), for the kit were calculated.
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Wakefield, Zachary R., André R. O. Cavalcanti, Lucía Driessen, Ana Jaramillo, Edward J. Crane, Giuliano Richetta, and Wallace M. Meyer. "Effects of Mustard Invasions on Soil Microbial Abundances and Fungal Assemblages in Southern California." Diversity 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d15010050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although mustards (family, Brassicaceae) are common across southern California, research has not focused on the effects of type-conversion of native California sage scrub (CSS) to areas dominated by invasive mustards. To better understand how mustard invasions, primarily the short-pod mustard, Hirschfeldia incana, impact soil microbial assemblages, we examined microbial abundance and assemblages from intact CSS and adjacent mustard-dominated soils at three sites. We also explored if germination rates for various plant species differed between CSS and mustard soils. We found that mustard invasions reduce soil microbial abundances by more than 50% and alter soil fungal assemblages. Fungal richness, diversity, and evenness did not differ between habitats, highlighting that these habitats harbor unique microbial assemblages. While mustard allelopathy is predicted to be the primary driver of these changes, mustard invasions also increased soil pH. Although functional consequences of these shifts are unknown, low mustard germination in CSS soils supports biological resistance to mustard invasion in CSS. Overall, our results demonstrate that mustard invasions, H. incana in particular, exert a strong selecting force on soil microbial assemblages, which can influence effective CSS restoration and preservation of ecosystem services.
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Musliadi, Musliadi, Abdul Haris, and Andi Ralle. "PENGARUH WAKTU TANAM YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TERUNG HIJAU (Solanum molagena L.) YANG DITUMPANGSARIKAN DENGAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica juncea L.)." AGrotekMAS Jurnal Indonesia: Jurnal Ilmu Peranian 3, no. 2 (November 11, 2022): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33096/agrotekmas.v3i2.249.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to determine the best planting time for eggplant and mustard greens and to determine the Land Equivalence Ratio (NKL) between eggplant and mustard plants intercropped. This research was conducted in Sanresengade Village, Bola District, Wajo Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This research took place from March to June 2021. The study used a randomized block design consisting of 6 levels of treatment at planting time, namely green eggplant and mustard greens planted together, mustard greens planted after 1 week of eggplant planted, green mustard plants planted after 2 weeks eggplant was planted, mustard greens were planted after 3 weeks of eggplant planted, eggplant monoculture, mustard greens monoculture and each treatment was repeated three times so that 18 experimental units were obtained. The results showed that the time of planting eggplant together with mustard greens gave the best effect on eggplant plant growth which was shown to be 69.33 cm high, 22.33 leaves number, 4.08 fruit number, and fruit weight 227.33 g. The time of planting mustard 1 week after eggplant was planted gave the best effect on the growth of the mustard plant which was shown to be 27.50 cm tall, 9.33 leaves and weighed 731.67 g. Green mustard planted 1 week after eggplant was plant produced the highest NKL value of 2.52 so it was feasible to do so.
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SUNIL KUMAR and RAM SWAROOP MEENA. "Impact of various sowing environment and nutrient sources on growth performance of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea)." Indian Journal of Agronomy 65, no. 4 (October 10, 2001): 465–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v65i4.2994.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A field study was carried in 3 time replicated split-plot design at Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, during the winter (rabi) seasons of 201516 and 201617, to find out the effect of sowing dates and nutrient sources on the performance of Indian mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czernj. J.]. The sowing dates (17 November, 27 November and 7 December) were assigned in main plots and 8 nutrient sources [Control (zero fertilizer), 100% recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF), 100% RDF + Azotobactor, 100% RDF + phosphorus solubilizing bacteria (PSB), 100% RDF + Azotobactor + PSB, 75% RDF + 25% N through pressmud + Azotobactor, 75% RDF + 25% N through pressmud + PSB, 75% RDF + 25% N through pressmud + Azotobactor + PSB] were allocated to subplots. Among the sowing dates, the maximum values of growth parameters, economic yield and economics were recorded when the crop raised 17 November in pooled analysis. Application of 75% RDF + 25% N through pressmud + Azotobactor + PSB significantly improved the plant height, number of primary branches/plant, number of secondary branches/plant, dry-matter accumulation, leaf-area index and chlorophyll content, economic yield and economics than the other nutrient sources in the pooled analysis. Thus, crop sowing on 17 November with 75% RDF + 25% N through pressmud + Azotobactor + PSB proved beneficial in improving the growth parameters in Indian mustar
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Sari, Eni Kartika. "Penetapan Kadar Klorofil dan Karotenoid Daun Sawi (Brassica) Menggunakan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis." Fullerene Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 1 (June 28, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v5i1.150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chlorophyll and carotenoids are antioxidant compounds that are very potential. Both of these compounds are found in many vegetables. This research aims to determine the levels of chlorophyll and carotenoids in mustard (Brassica) leaves. There were three types of mustard leaves tested, namely greens mustard (Brassica rapa I.), white mustard (Brassica juncea L.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.). Analysis of samples by the Uv-Vis Spectrophotometry method. The results of the measurement of chlorophyll levels showed that pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) had the highest chlorophyll level which was 86,76 mg/g. While the lowest chlorophyll level is found in the type of white mustard which is equal to 0,75 mg/g. From the three of the mustard tested, green mustard (Brassica rapa I.) and pakcoy (Brassica rapa L.) were mustard types that contained high carotenoids in the amount of 50,4 mg/g and 198,04 mg/g. While the type of white mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has the lowest carotenoid content for all preparations.
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Nagila, Asmita, Soum Sanogo, O. John Idowu, and Brian J. Schutte. "Biomass Production of an Overwinter Cover Crop with Biofumigation Properties in New Mexico." HortTechnology 32, no. 6 (December 2022): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech05084-22.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil-borne diseases and weeds can be inhibited by mustard family (Brassicaceae) cover crops that are mowed and incorporated into the soil with tillage—a process referred to as biofumigation. To determine whether a fall-seeded mustard cover crop produces enough biomass to be a biofumigant in spring, this study measured the amount of biomass produced by a mixture of ‘Caliente Rojo’ brown mustard (Brassica juncea) and ‘Nemat’ arugula (Eruca sativa) grown in three commercial fields and a university research farm in southern New Mexico, USA. This study also determined whether the mustard biomass incorporated in the soil inhibits a weed [Palmer amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri)], but does not affect a cash crop adversely [chile pepper (Capsicum annuum)]. Results indicated that, if the mustard cover crop was seeded before the first frost in fall, mustard cover crops produced biomass in quantities sufficient for biofumigation in spring. Mustard biomass incorporated in the soil reduced the survival and germination of Palmer amaranth seeds. Under greenhouse conditions, chile pepper plants grown in soil with mustard cover crop biomass were larger than chile plants grown in soil without mustard biomass. Chile pepper plants in soil with mustard biomass did not show symptoms of Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), whereas such symptoms were found on about 33% of chile pepper plants in soil without mustard biomass. These results suggest that a fall-seeded mustard cover crop that is tilled into the soil in early spring is a potential pest management technique for chile pepper in New Mexico.
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Phillips-Mao, Laura, Diane L. Larson, and Nicholas R. Jordan. "Effects of Native Herbs and Light on Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) Invasion." Invasive Plant Science and Management 7, no. 2 (June 2014): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-d-13-00003.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe degree to which invasive species drive or respond to environmental change has important implications for conservation and invasion management. Often characterized as a driver of change in North American woodlands, the invasive herb garlic mustard may instead respond to declines in native plant cover and diversity. We tested effects of native herb cover, richness, and light availability on garlic mustard invasion in a Minnesota oak woodland. We planted 50 garlic mustard seeds into plots previously planted with 0 to 10 native herb species. We measured garlic mustard seedling establishment, survival to rosette and adult stages, and average (per plant) and total (per plot) biomass and silique production. With the use of structural equation models, we analyzed direct, indirect, and net effects of native cover, richness, and light on successive garlic mustard life stages. Native plant cover had a significant negative effect on all life stages. Species richness had a significant positive effect on native cover, resulting in indirect negative effects on all garlic mustard stages, and net negative effects on adult numbers, total biomass, and silique production. Light had a strong negative effect on garlic mustard seedling establishment and a positive effect on native herb cover, resulting in significant negative net effects on garlic mustard rosette and adult numbers. However, light's net effect on total garlic mustard biomass and silique production was positive; reproductive output was high even in low-light/high-cover conditions. Combined effects of cover, richness, and light suggest that native herbs provide biotic resistance to invasion by responding to increased light availability and suppressing garlic mustard responses, although this resistance may be overwhelmed by high propagule pressure. Garlic mustard invasion may occur, in part, in response to native plant decline. Restoring native herbs and controlling garlic mustard seed production may effectively reduce garlic mustard spread and restore woodland diversity.
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Hälvä, S., T. Hirvi, and S. Mäkinen. "Yield and glucosinolates in mustard seeds and volatile oils in caraway seeds and coriander fruit: I Yield and glucosinolate contents of mustard (Sinapis sp., Brassica sp.) seeds." Agricultural and Food Science 58, no. 4 (September 1, 1986): 157–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.23986/afsci.72227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Different varieties of yellow mustard (Sinapis alba L.), brown mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.) and black mustard (Brassica nigra (L.) W.D.J. Koch) were tested in 1983—1985 at three locations in Finland. The average seed yield of yellow mustard was 2220 kg/ha, it’s sinalbine content being 2.2—5.2 g/100g. There were no major differences between the tested varieties. Varieties ‘Kirby’ and ‘Gisilba’ produced the largest yields. ‘Gisilba’ and ‘Ochre’ had the shortest growth periods. The sinalbine content in yellow mustard seeds varied more between the years than between the varieties. The average yield of brown mustard was 1620 kg/ha. The variety ‘Picra’ was slightly better than the other varieties with respect to yield and early ripening. The sinigrine content in brown mustard seeds were approximately from traces to 4.4 g/100 g those of ‘Dome’, ‘Blaze’, ‘Sv 8341001’ and ‘Trowse’ being highest. Black mustard yielded less than 700 kg/ha, the sinigrine content of the seeds being 1.8—4.5 g/100g.
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Kumar, Pradeep, M. Z. Siddiqui, Sunil Kumar Prajapati, Shivendra Singh, Adesh Kumar, and Deepak Kumar Rawat. "Study of the Most Suitable Combination of Intercropping Systems of Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L.) with Chickpea, Lentil, Linseed and Field Pea." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (November 25, 2023): 3777–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113557.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: Intercropping system enhances crop productivity and profitability by growing different species together on the same piece of land in distinct row combinations. Hence, a field experiment was conducted to study the most suitable combination of mustard based intercropping with different crops at students’ instructional farm, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) during Rabi season 2021-22. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with nine treatment combinations viz., T1 Sole Mustard, T2 Mustard: Chickpea (1:1), T3 Mustard: Chickpea (2:1), T4 Mustard: Lentil (1:1), T5 Mustard: Lentil (2:1), T6 Mustard: Linseed (1:1), T7 Mustard: Linseed (2:1), T8 Mustard: Field Pea (1:1) and T9 Mustard: Field Pea (2:1) with replicated thrice. The results revealed that the significant impact of intercropping system on the growth, yield attributes, and overall yield of mustard when intercropped with chickpea, lentil, linseed, and pea. Plant population of intercrops showed non-significant differences, but at later stages, a 1:1 ratio consistently led to higher plant populations. Plant height, primary branches, and dry weight were generally higher in the 1:1 ratio compared to the 2:1 ratio in all intercrops. Yield attributes, including the number of pods or capsules and seeds per pod or capsule, favoured the 1:1 ratio. The highest yield was observed in the 1:1 ratio, contrasting with the minimum in the 2:1 ratio of mustard + intercrops. Overall, the 1:1 ratio demonstrated superior performance in terms of growth, yield attributes and yield, emphasizing the importance of intercrop ratio in optimizing crop growth and productivity.
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Junitasari, Assyifa, Tina Dewi Rosahdi, and Yuni Siti Lestari. "Isolation and Identification of Lactic Acid Bacteria form Chinese Cabbage Waste by 16s rRNA Amplification using The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Method." Jurnal Kimia Valensi 9, no. 1 (June 4, 2023): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jkv.v9i1.29466.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Waste is material that is disposed of from sources of human and natural activities that do not yet have economic value. Physically, vegetable waste is perishable due to its high-water content, especially Chinese Cabbage waste. The purpose of this study was the isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria from Chinese Cabbage waste. Isolation was carried out to obtain isolates of lactic acid bacteria from Chinese Cabbage waste. Then it was amplified using a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) instrument. The results of chromosomal DNA amplification of bacterial isolates from mustard 1, mustard 2 and mustard 3 waste showed DNA bands with a size of ± 1200 bp, so it can be concluded that the process of amplification of the 16s rRNA gene fragment in mustard 1, mustard 2 and mustard 3 isolates was successful. The results of the 16s rRNA base sequence analysis showed that the mustard 1 isolate had a similarity index of 84.65% with Bacillus sp, the gene for the mustard 2 isolate had a similarity index of 84.09% with the Uncultured bacterium clone, and the mustard 3 isolate gene had a similarity index of 85.42% with Environmental 16s rDNA sequence.
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Paunovic, Dragana, Tatjana Solevic-Knudsen, Mirjana Krivokapic, Branislav Zlatkovic, and Malisa Antic. "Sinalbin degradation products in mild yellow mustard paste." Chemical Industry 66, no. 1 (2012): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind110627055p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sinalbin degradation products in mild yellow mustard paste were investigated. The analyzed material consisted of a mild yellow mustard paste condiment and ground white mustard seeds which were originally used in the mustard paste production process. The samples were extracted in a Soxhlet extraction system and analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The only sinalbin degradation product in ground mustard seeds was 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetonitrile. The most abundant sinalbin degradation product in yellow mustard paste was 4-(hydroxymethyl)phenol. Other compounds identified in this sample were: 4-methyl phenol, 4-ethyl phenol, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)phenol and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanoic acid.
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Cipollini, Don, and Stephanie Enright. "A Powdery Mildew Fungus Levels the Playing Field for Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and a North American Native Plant." Invasive Plant Science and Management 2, no. 3 (July 2009): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-08-144.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWhen exposed to native or introduced herbivores and pathogens, invasive plants may become weaker competitors with more benign impacts on individual plants and plant communities. In a greenhouse pot study, we tested whether the presence of powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe cruciferarum could alter the competitive impact of garlic mustard on Impatiens pallida, a North American native understory plant. Target I. pallida plants were grown alone or with one, two, or three garlic mustard neighbors. Half of the pots exposed to garlic mustard were inoculated with conidia of E. cruciferarum. Competition with garlic mustard moderately affected aboveground growth of I. pallida, particularly at high garlic mustard density, but it strongly reduced seed output across all densities. In contrast, inoculation of garlic mustard plants with E. cruciferarum completely abolished their competitive impact on seed output of I. pallida across all densities, independent of effects on aboveground growth of target plants. This effect was likely due to alteration in the ability of garlic mustard to compete for belowground resources. Even without killing garlic mustard, these results indicate that the presence of powdery mildew disease in the field will likely dampen the competitive impact of garlic mustard on individual plants and plant communities. Escape from such attackers has likely contributed to the invasiveness and impacts of garlic mustard in North America.
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Azhari Saputro, Tito, I. Dewa Gede Mayun Permana, and Ni Luh Ari Yusasrini. "PENGARUH PERBANDINGAN NANAS (Ananas comosus L. Merr.) DAN SAWI HIJAU (Brassica juncea L.) TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK SELAI." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/itepa.2018.v07.i01.p06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this research was to know effect the ratio of pineapple and mustard greens to the characteristic of jam, and determine the best ratio made by those, to produce a good characteristic of jam. This research used Complete Random Design with the treatment comparison of pineapple and mustard green comprised of 5 (five) treatments, such as 100% pineapple : 0% mustard greens, 95% pineapple : 5% mustard greens, 90% pineapple : 10% mustard greens, 85% pineapple : 15% mustard greens, 80% pineapple : 20% mustard greens. All of treatments were repeated for 3 times to obtain 15 research units. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and if an influences occurred among the treatments, the research would be continued to the Duncan’s test. Results of this research had showed that the comparison ratio of pineapple and mustard greens gave influences to the water content, total sugar, total calcium, total soluble solid, viscosity, pH balance, texture, color, flavour, taste and overall acceptance of a jam. The best ratio of pineapple and mustard greens showed of percentage 90% pineapple : 10% mustard greens with characteristics : 25,58% water content, 57,45% total sugar, 6.176 mg/100g calcium, 59,15%brix total soluble solids, viscosity 64580 cps, 4,65 pH, texture (very like), color (like), flavor (like), taste (very like) and overall acceptance (very like).
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KJ, Jankowski, Budzyński WS, Ł. Kijewski, and A. Klasa. "Concentrations of copper, zinc and manganese in the roots, straw and oil cake of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern. et Coss.) depending on sulphur fertilization." Plant, Soil and Environment 60, No. 8 (August 10, 2014): 364–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/225/2014-pse.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this experiment was to determine the influence of the soil application of sulphur (S) on concentrations of micronutrients in the root residues, straw and oil cake of white and Indian mustard. The plant material for chemical analyses originated from a controlled field experiment conducted in experimental fields at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland (2006–2008). In both white and Indian mustard, the richest source of Cu (7.2; 7.0 mg/kg dry matter (DM)) and Zn (64.6; 55.3 mg/kg DM) was the oil cake from mustard seeds. Regarding Mn, both white and Indian mustard accumulated the highest content of this element in roots (48.2; 50.8 mg/kg DM), less in oil cake (31.9; 35.5 mg/kg DM) and the least Mn was determined in straw of both species (24.0; 17.1 mg/kg DM). The application of sulphur caused a significant increase in the concentration of Zn and Mn in white mustard roots. The content of micronutrients in roots of Indian mustard was not differentiated significantly by S fertilization. The application of sulphur caused a significant decrease in the content of Mn in white mustard straw and Cu in Indian mustard straw. The content of micronutrients in white mustard oil cake and Indian mustard oil cake was not significantly changed by S fertilization.
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Miah, MA Monayem, Sadia Afroz, MA Rashid, and SAM Shiblee. "Factors affecting the adoption of improved varieties of mustard cultivation in some selected sites of Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 3 (October 23, 2015): 363–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v40i3.25411.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mustard is a leading oil crop in Bangladesh. Relevant data and information on the adoption of improved mustard varieties is very scanty and sporadic in Bangladesh. Therefore, an attempt was made to assess the extent of adoption of improved mustard varieties and their management practices at farm level. The study used data from 540 mustard growing farmers under Manikgonj, Rajshahi and Dinajpur districts. Probit regression model along with other descriptive statistics were used to analyze the collected data. Analysis revealed that the farm level adoption of different production practices were not encouraging as most farmers did not follow the recommendations made by Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) for mustard cultivation. The variety adoption scenario was also discouraging since only 40% of the farmers cultivated improved mustard varieties. However, farmers showed positive attitude towards adoption of improved mustard varieties since about 53% of the adopters wanted to increase area under improve mustard cultivation in next growing season considering the high yielding ability, low cultivation cost, high profit, and less labour requirements. Although mustard is considered to be a profitable crop, many farmers showed negative attitude towards its production due to some drawbacks. Non-availability of improved mustard seed was also found to be a barrier to its adoption at farm level.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(3): 363-379, September 2015