Дисертації: "Mustad AS"

1

Kaminsky, Margaret I. "Kinetic studies of DNA interstrand crosslinking by nitrogen mustard and phenylalanine mustard. /." Online version of thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/10687.

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2

Susko, David J. "The ovule ecology of garlic mustard, Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae), and other mustard species." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0011/NQ52441.pdf.

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3

Chahal, Nirmal Singh. "α-glutamyl N mustard prodrugs". Thesis, Imperial College London, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46991.

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4

Miller, Paul. "Sulfur Mustard penetration of thermoplastic elastomers." Fishermans Bend Vic. : Defence Science and Technology Organisation, 2008. http://nla.gov.au/nla.arc-24764.

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5

Almgren, Johanna. "Characterization of antibodies against mustard and development of immunological methods for the detection and quantification of mustard in foods." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8093.

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ABSTRACT

Allergy to mustard has been reported for many years, in some cases as severe anaphylactic reactions. Recent studies imply that this allergy is increasing. Three major allergens have been isolated and characterised; Sin a 1 and Sin a 2 in yellow mustard (Sinapis alba), and Bra j 1 in oriental mustard (Brassica juncea). Yellow mustard and black mustard (Brassica nigra) are the most common species in Europe, whereas oriental mustard is more frequent outside Europe. Mustard plants belong to the Brassicaceae/Cruciferae family. Mustard is present as an ingredient in different foods, sauces and spices, often in small amounts. According to the European labelling directives, mustard and products thereof must always be declared. To monitor this regulation, methods need to be developed to detect mustard. Polyclonal antibodies, produced in rabbits, against yellow and black mustard were characterised with immunodiffusion, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) under reducing conditions, and immunoblotting. Rocket-immunoelectrophoresis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were developed for the detection and quantification of mustard protein. With indirect competitive ELISA a concentration of 156ng mustard protein per ml food extract was detected, which is more than enough to cover the lowest reported reactive doses.

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6

Elayeb, Mustafa. "Modélisation à l'échelle microscopique de transports avec réaction en milieu poreux : combustion en lit fixe." Poitiers, 2008. http://theses.edel.univ-poitiers.fr/theses/2008/Elayeb-Mustafa/2008-Elayeb-Mustafa-These.pdf.

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La combustion en milieu poreux est traitée par le biais de simulations numériques directes et détaillées, à la microéchelle, dans une extension du travail de Debenest (2003, 2005) qui porte principalement sur un enrichissement du modèle chimique. On considère plus particulièrement la combustion en lit fixe de particules solides, avec comme première application le brûlage de schistes bitumineux. Les processus de transport (convection, diffusion, conduction) et les réactions chimiques sont explicitement décrits à l'échelle des pores, ce qui permet d'exhiber leurs couplages et de révéler les phénomènes locaux qui déterminent les comportements globaux. Les simulations sont conduites principalement dans deux configurations bidimensionnelles, milieu stratifié ou réseau de cylindres, en examinant les effets des réactions pyrolytiques (cracking du kérogène et calcination des carbonates), et avec un schéma d'oxydoréduction qui fait intervenir jusqu'à quatre réactions. Une typologie phénoménologique est établie, incluant notamment l'existence de deux régimes principaux, avec ou sans flamme dans les pores. Des plages de fonctionnement sont identifiées, suivant les paramètres opératoires. On peut en rationaliser les tendances à l'aide de considérations théoriques, et montrer qu'une description macroscopique peut nécessiter des formulations différentes, selon les situations
Combustion in porous media is addressed by means of direct, detailed numerical simulations, on the microscale, in an extension of the work of Debenest (2003) where the main improvements are related to the chemical model. More specifically, fixed bed combustion of solid particles is considered, with application to the burning of oil shales. The transport processes (convection, diffusion, conduction) and the chemical reactions are explicitely described on the pore scale, which allows to account for their local couplings and to identify the small-scale phenomena which control the global behaviors. The simulations are conducted mainly in two two-dimensional configurations, a stratified medium and a network of cylinders. The effect of pyrolytic reactions (kerogen cracking and calcination of the carbonates) are examined, as well as the oxydative processes, with a chemical scheme involving four species and up to four reactions. A phenomenological typology is established, which features for instance two main regimes, with or without a flamme in the pore space. Ranges of functioning modes are identified, according to the operating parameters. Their trends can be rationalized by theoretical considerations, and it is shown that different situations may require different formulations in a macroscopic description

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7

Harper, Marc Alan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Oxazaphospholidinone Phosphorus Mustard Derivatives." Youngstown State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ysu1596552579697146.

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8

Davis, Geoffrey P. "Transparent polyurethanes : synthesis, characterisation and mustard gas resistance." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1987. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/11238.

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Transparent Polyurethanes based upon Polycaprolactone and H 12MDIisocyanate (Desmodur W) have been synthesised and tested with regard to permeation by Mustard Gas (HD). Variations in soft segment molecular weight, reaction ratio, and chain extender, as well as the effect of crosslinking have been investigated. It was found that the principal factor governing permeation behaviour was soft segment molecular weight. However as hard segment content increased the determinant role of the soft segment diminished. Morphological Analysis of the synthesised polyurethanes was carried out using DSC, CMI'A, GPC, and WAXD techniques. The physical properties (Hardness, Tensile Strength, etc) of these materials were also determined. Results showed that the use of mixed diol chain extenders or trifunctional crosslinking elements produced increased phase mixing in the polyurethanes as a consequence of poorer hard segment domain organisation. This had the effect of reducing soft segment restrictions such that poorer permeation performance was obtained. GPC and DSC Analysis of the various polycaprolactones used in the synthesis programme suggested that the lower molecular weight polyols (550-2000) were composed of at least two different molecular weight species. Work with mixed polyol formulations indicated this may affect the physical properties of the polyurethanes. GPC Analysis of the synthesised polyurethanes themselves showed a wide variety of molecular weights were obtained; these were seen to be very dependent upon polyol molecular weight. The CAPA 210 (1000 Mol.Wt.) based elastorners had the highest Mn values. It is believed these variations in molecular weight are related to the presence of different catalysts, activators, etc in the original polyols. Injection Moulding trials were carried out on the formulation considered to be the most promising candidate for the face mask material. Slight changes in physical properties were obtained as processing conditions were varied. Most significantly the polyurethane began to shown signs of yellowing at high injection temperatures (190°C and above).

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9

Williams, Stephen. "Soil transformations of added organic matter in organic farming systems and conventional agriculture." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU083669.

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The aim of this work was to assay the effects of previous history of organic amendment to soils in the field on the ability of those soils to mineralise mustard, a non-legume green manure. Soil and 15N labelled mustard mineralisation was followed in laboratory microcosms. Volatilised N was assayed by direct acid trapping of N in glass fibre disks, followed by direct combustion isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Animal manures, green manures and straw added to the soil in the field in the previous season, same season and for 7 years continuously did not significantly affect these soils' ability to mineralise mustard in microcosms. Nitrification and mineralisation were the dominant processes during the first 12 days of incubation. Volatilisation rates were 1000-fold lower than mineralisation or nitrification rates. Mustard N accounted for between 1-3% of the soil mineral N, whereas only a maximum of 0.01% of mustard N was volatilised over 24 days. Soils sampled at different times in the season decomposed mustard at similar rates at stimulated low spring temperatures. Nitrification rate was reduced 5-fold more than the mineralisation rate at 8oC. Straw incorporation for seven years did not affect the subsequent recovery of 15N enriched fertiliser or of 15N from labelled straw, by oil seed rape. 15N labelled fertiliser contributed up to 63% of the winter barley N. The labelled barley straw subsequently contributed 16% of the oil seed rape N in the absence of any applied fertiliser. Ploughing in straw in the autumn, in the absence of applied fertiliser had no yield penalty or effect on crop uptake, and may retain more mineral N in the upper soil layers, lessening the risk of leaching over the winter period. The results obtained here emphasise the importance of additions of organic materials to soil in supplying plant nutrients and minimising nutrient losses.

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10

Pamplona, Maria Teresa Troina. "Aromatic nitrogen mustards." Thesis, Open University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385254.

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11

Bohman, Svante. "Molecular studies of Arabidopsis and Brassica with focus on resistance to Leptosphaeria maculans /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6316-5.pdf.

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12

Lantzy, Tim. "The mustard seed a surprising symbol for the kingdom /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.

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13

Rich, T. C. G. "Phototropism in light-grown mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35340.

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This thesis is an investigation of the mechanisms of blue-light- mediated phototropism in higher plants. Phototropism was analysed in light-grown mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings under low pressure sodium (SOX) lamps to minimise the involvement of phytochrome. Light-grown mustard seedlings do not show a blue-light-mediated inhibition of axis extension growth and the Blaauw theory must therefore be rejected as an explanation of phototropism. Phototropic curvature was established by an inhibition of growth on the illuminated side of the hypocotyl accompanied by an equal but opposite acceleration on the shaded side, with little or no change in net growth. This pattern of differential growth can be modified by light-growth responses separate from those involved in phototropism. Preliminary results from a biophysical analysis of cell growth using micro-pressure probes indicates phototropic growth responses are caused by changes in wall rheological properties, possibly by wall extensibility alone. There is a complex relationship between the kinetics of phototropism and stimulus fluence rate. The lag time is independent of fluence rate. The initial rate of curvature was directly proportional to log fluence rate between threshold and saturation fluence rates. Following this initial phase, gravitropic compensation and auto-tropic straightening modify curvature, which can no longer be used as a quantitative measure of phototropism. Implications for measurement of the response and selection of appropriate photobiological conditions are outlined. The magnitude of the internal light gradient influences the rate of curvature. The experimental results are discussed in relation to other knowledge of the phototropic transduction chain. The results are not inconsistent with the Cholodny-Went theory of phototropism. Preliminary data indicating phytochrome-mediated phototropism are presented, and the comparison of lag times in plant physiology is also discussed.

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14

Wilcock, Carol. "The effects of nitrogen mustard on plasma membrane function." Thesis, Aston University, 1987. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12553/.

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The antitumour bifunctional alkylating agent nitrogen mustard (HN2) inhibited the unidirectional influx of the potassium congener, 86 rubidium, into murine PC6A plasmacytoma cells and L1210 leukaemia cells. The proliferation of L1210 cells in vitro was characterised and shown to be sentitive to HN2. 86Rubidium influx into cells from rapidly-dividing cultures was more sensitive to inhibition by HN2 than that of cells from stationary cultures. Three components of unidirectional 86Rb+ & K+ influx into proliferating L1210 cells were identified pharmacologically: approximately 40% was active to the Na+ K+ ATPase inhibitor ouabain (10-3M), 40% was sensitive to the `loop' diuretics bumetanide (10-4M) and furosemide (10-3M) and the remainder was insensitive to both ouabain and furosemide. HN2 (10-5M) selectively inhibited the diuretic-sensitive component, which was entirely dependent upon extracellular Na+ and Cl- ions, and was presumed to represent Na+ K+ Cl- cotransport activity. The system did not mediate K+ /K+ exchange or unidirectional 86Rb+ efflux; accordingly, 86Rb+ efflux was insensitive to HN2. Inhibition of 86Rb & K+ influx by 10-5M HN2 was accompanied by approximately 35% of cell volume under isosmotic conditions; thus intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations remained unchanged. These effects followed lethal damage to the cells but preceded actual cell death; other cellular functions were maintained including accumulation of cycloleucine, transmembrane potential, permeability to trypan blue, intracellular pH, total intracellular glutathione and calcium concentrations. No evidence was found that elevated cAMP levels or reduced ATP levels were involved in modulation of 86Rb+ & K+ influx. However, the Na+ - depedent transport of an amino acid was inhibited in a manner which appeared to be independent of 86Rb & K+ influx. An HN2-resistant L1210R cell line was also resistant to furosemide, and lacked a component of 86Rb+ & K+ influx which was sensitive to furosemide (10-3M). The results strongly suggest that the Na+ K+ Cl- costransporter of L1210 cells is a cellular target for HN2. This lesion is discussed with reference to the cytotoxic effects of the agent.

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15

Uddin, Mohammad Mahir. "Chemical ecology of mustard leaf beetle, Phaedon cochleariae (F.) /." Tönning ; Lübeck Marburg : Der Andere Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/993422985/04.

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16

Ciola, Victoria Lyn. "DISTRIBUTION AND HOST SPECIFICITY OF ERYSIPHE CRUCIFERARUM (POWDERY MILDEW) ATTACKING ALLIARIA PETIOLATA (GARLIC MUSTARD), IN SOUTHWESTERN OHIO." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1247167400.

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17

Gunasekera, Chandra Padmini. "Adaptation of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) to short season dryland Mediterranean-type environments." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1998.

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Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) has recently been identified as a potential and profitable alternative oilseed crop in the grain growing regions of Australia. To date, no research has been reported on adaptation of mustard in water limited Mediterranean-type environments in south Western Australia. Experiments presented in this thesis were undertaken to study adaptation of mustard in the Mediterranean-type environments in south Western Australia, with the hypothesis that mustard would be better adapted to these environments due to its reputation for drought tolerance. Experiments were conducted with three main aims. Firstly, to identify the effects of genotype, environment (times of sowing/seasons/sites) and genotype x environment interaction on the phenology, growth, dry matter production, seed yield, oil and protein contents of mustard and canola. Secondly, to identify phenological, morphological and physiological characters responsible for adaptation and yield improvement of mustard in these environments. Thirdly, to study the response of mustard to soil moisture deficits, especially in the post-flowering period, in comparison to canola. Adaptation of six mustard breeding lines/cultivars varying in maturity, height and oil quality and three canola cultivars varying in maturity were tested at a medium rainfall site (Northam) in the 1999 growing season. These genotypes were sown at four times after the break of the season and their phenology, growth, morphology, dry matter production and partitioning, radiation absorption, seed yield and its components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were measured. Adaptation of mustard to short season, low rainfall areas was tested, in the 2000 and 2001 growing seasons, at three sites (Merredin. Mullewa and Newdegate), by sowing seven genotypes of mustard and canola at three times after the break of the season.Seed yield, oil and protein concentrations were measured at all three sites and detailed measurements of phenology, morphology, dry matter production and partitioning, radiation absorption, seed yield and its components, and seed oil and protein concentrations were taken only at Merredin. The effects of post-flowering soil moisture stress on mustard and canola was studied in detail using rainout shelters at Merredin in the 2001 growing season. Measurements of water use, leaf water potential, osmotic potential, osmotic adjustment, relative water content, and leaf diffusive conductance were taken together with morphology, dry matter production and partitioning, radiation absorption, seed yield and its components, and seed oil and protein concentration. Mustard produced seed yields similar to canola at a medium rainfall site at Northam in south Western Australia. Early sowing (May) was more suitable for mid and late maturing genotypes and mid sowing (early June) was optimum for early maturing genotypes at this site. Dry matter production and seed yield was highest in early sowing due to balanced pre-anthesis and post-anthesis development of the crop and its ability to avoid terminal drought. Very late sowing (after July) significantly reduced the dry matter production, seed yield and oil concentration of mustard and canola due to poor establishment, reduced post-anthesis duration, soil moisture and high temperature stresses which occurred at the end of the season. Mustard did not produce significantly higher dry matter and seed yield compared to canola at the medium rainfall site, Northam. Seed yield and oil concentration of mustard and canola in low rainfall environments (Merredin, Mullcwa and Newdegate) were higher when sown early in the season (May). Longer growing duration and post-anthesis duration were favourable for higher yields.Higher rainfall during the post-anthesis phase, warmer pre-anthesis phase and cooler post-anthesis phase were associated with higher seed yield in these environments. As shown by the Principal Component Analysis and the Finlay Wilkinson Analysis, adaptation of mustard genotypes to low rainfall environments was better compared to canola genotypes. Mustard genotypes, 887.1.6.1, 82 No 2298 demonstrated their general adaptability by producing the highest mean seed yield across all environments and showing average phenotypic stability across all environments. The low yielding canola genotype, Oscar was best adapted to high yielding environments and showed below average phenotypic stability. Low yielding mustard genotypes, JM 25 and JM 33 were best adapted to low yielding environments and showed above average phenotypic stability. Early flowering and developmental plasticity had a significant contribution to yield potential and its stability. All mustard genotypes were more tolerant to soil moisture and high temperature stresses and exhibited early vigour compared to canola varieties. Mustards produced significantly higher dry matter compared to canola under soil moisture and high temperature stresses. Yield reduction due to late sowing VI was greater in canola compared to mustards. Greater dry matter production of mustards under severe soil moisture stress was related to their higher water use and radiation use, which in turn was related to their superior osmotic adjustment.Osmotic adjustment improved dry matter production in mustards as it allowed stomata to remain partially open at progressively lower leaf water potentials and maintained higher stomatal conductance, maintained leaf area and reduced the rate of leaf senescence by increasing both avoidance and tolerance of dehydration and thereby increased radiation use, increased water use by stomatal adjustment, and increased soil moisture uptake by producing deeper roots. Mustard exhibited many agronomic advantages over canola, such as vigorous seedling growth, quick ground covering ability, early vigour, and the feasibility of direct harvesting due to non-shattering pods. Despite all these advantages currently available mustard genotypes do not have the ability to out yield canola due to their lower efficiency of conversion of dry matter to seeds, as indicated by lower harvest indices, and inferior yield component structure. Further breeding in mustard is required to modify its morphology and yield component structure. Mustard plants with more pods and pods with more seeds would produce higher yields. Shorter, compact plant stature and reduced branching would improve harvest index in mustard. Furthermore, development of mustard genotypes with high oil quality and concentration similar to canola would improve its market value as an oil seed crop.

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18

Smith, Melvin N. E. "Variation among native and alien populations of hoary mustard, Hirschfeldia incana (L.) Lagreze-Fossat, and the application of DNA melting analysis to investigate microsatellite (SSR) variation." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42609.

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H. incana is a native species of the Mediterranean and Middle East. As a neophyte (alien) it has undergone a large range expansion in Northern Europe, the Americas, Asia and Australasia. Casual field observations suggested that within its native range, the dominant life strategy of H.incana was annual, whereas in the British flora it was predominantly perennial. Populations from native and alien ranges were studied in the field and in common garden experiments. Phenotypic differences in morphological and physiological characteristics were compared. Plants derived from neophyte British populations made larger leaf rosettes, flowered later (> 140 days) and exhibited a perennial life cycle. Plants from native. North African and Southern European populations (excepting those from montane Spain) made smaller rosettes, flowered early (< 110 days) and died after flowering once. Neophyte populations from California were similar to native populations. Some native populations (e.g. Cypress) did not survive a British winter. Unlike native populations, initiation of flowering in neophyte British populations was stimulated by a period of vernalisation. These results suggest that life strategy changes have occurred in neophyte populations of H. incana as this species expanded its range northwards, and implies possible genetic differences. Ten microsatellite primers, previously described for related Brassicaceae species, were therefore investigated for potential use in the assessment of H. incana population genetic structure. Five primers successfully amplified a product of expected size, of which 3 were subscequently sequenced to confirm the presence of the SSR. The application of real-time PCR DNA melting analysis to identify SSR variation was investigated using Roche SYBR green and Corbett HRM platforms. SSR variation could be detected using DNA melt analysis, but due to difficulty identifying the composition of heterozygous SSR's the technique could not be sufficiently refined to investigate population diversity. However, preliminary results indicated possible SSR variation between isolated populations.

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19

Earlywine, Daniel T. Smeda R. J. "Efficacy of oriental mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) seed meal for weed and disease control in turf." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri--Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/6485.

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Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on Feb 17, 2010). The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Thesis advisor: Dr. Reid Smeda. Includes bibliographical references.

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20

Schuster, Brigitte. "Lokale Muster pflanzlicher Artenvielfalt." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980889294.

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21

Kolegar, Benjamin. "MUSTANG - Stáje a penzionem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-265640.

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The subject of diploma thesis is project of detached object that serves as stables and guesthouse lacated in Bošovice. The building is partly two-storey without basement and one-storey part serves as stables. The designed material for loadbearing and non-loadbearing constructions is structural insulated panels. The residential part of the building is covered by gable roof and the stables are covered by flat roof

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22

Bramson, Jonathan. "Nitrogen mustard drug resistance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28690.

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Previous studies of nitrogen mustard drug resistance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) indicated that resistance was a result of enhanced DNA repair associated with increased expression of two DNA repair genes, ERCC-1 and alkyl-N-purine DNA glycosylase. The aim of this thesis was to expand upon these observations and solidify the link between DNA repair and nitrogen mustard drug resistance. Contrary to our expectations, overexpression of ERCC-1 in CHO cells produced increased sensitivity to melphalan and cisplatin. No correlation was found between ERCC-1 expression and nitrogen mustard resistance in B-CLL, when analyzed in a larger cohort by both Northern and western blots, nor was there evidence of altered expression of a second nucleotide excision repair gene (NER), ERCC-2. Overexpression of alkyl-N-purine DNA glycosylase in CHO cells failed to produce melphalan resistance. Nitrogen mustard resistant B-CLL lymphocytes displayed cross-resistance to the bifunctional agents, mitomycin C and cisplatin, but not to UV or methyl methanesulfonate, supporting a role for enhanced crosslink repair in the resistant phenotype. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) has been identified as a binding protein which can recognize melphalan damaged DNA. This binding appears to result from nicks induced by the melphalan treatment and can be inhibited if the DNA is alkylated with melphalan in the presence of methoxyamine. PARP expression was the same in both sensitive and resistant lymphocytes. When 3-aminobenzamide was used to inhibit PARP, synergy with melphalan was found in 4 of 7 samples we studied. When the DNA synthesis inhibitors, aphidicolin and ara-C, were used to modulate chlorambucil toxicity, synergy was found in both sensitive and resistant populations. There was also evidence for cross-resistance between chlorambucil and ara-C.
Thus, our studies indicate that nitrogen mustard resistance in B-CLL correlates with enhanced activity of a crosslink specific repair process. The observation that nitrogen mustard resistance in B-CLL is associated with cross-resistance to mitomycin C, cisplatin and ara-C, through a mechanism other than P-glycoprotein or glutathione, suggests that this model may represent a novel multi-drug resistant phenotype.

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23

Parker, Laura Louise. "Macrocyclic nitrogen mustard prodrugs as hypoxia selective anti-cancer agents." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5364/.

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The low selectivity of chemotherapy is an ongoing problem in the treatment of cancer. Prodrugs that are activated in vivo provide a therapeutic advantage for selective cytotoxicity. Here we have designed redox-active compounds that are electrochemically reduced in hypoxic (poorly oxygenated) tissue, resulting in release of a nitrogen mustard cytotoxin. This thesis describes the synthesis of novel macrocyclic N-mustard drugs and the development of their Cu(II) complexes as hypoxia-selective prodrugs. (Fig. 3736A) The (2-trimethylsilyl)ethanesulfonyl (SES) protecting group is very versatile. It is removed under mild conditions using fluoride. The published synthesis of the sulfonyl chloride A gave variable yield and purity, but we have improved the conditions to give consistently pure material in high yield (70-86% overall) (Scheme 1). (Fig. 3736B) Triamines with carbon bridges longer than three are difficult to prepare, often requiring multistep syntheses. A route was developed to synthesise linear triamines, using the SES-amide B. This route produces these triamines in relatively high yields (60-80% overall), via simple reactions with little purification necessary (Scheme 2). A variation on the Richman-Atkins synthesis has been exploited to reach known an novel triazamacrocyclic compounds D (Scheme 3), in order to explore their structure-activity relationship as N-mustard drugs E (made as shown in Scheme 4). Eight novel macrocyclic N-mustards E were found to be potent DNA cross-linking agents (nM range) by Prof. John Hartley at University College London. Three of the novel triazamacrocycles D were assessed in vitro for anti-parasitic activity by Dr. Michael Barrett at the University of Glasgow. They showed moderate activity against Leishmania mexicana and Trypanosoma brucei. (Fig. 3736C) Water soluble Cu(II) complexes of cytotoxic macrocyclic nitrogen mustards have been prepared and their structures have been determined using X-ray crystallography by Dr. Louis Farrugia in this department. The redox behaviour and reduction potentials (Cu[II] to Cu[I]) of the complexes in phosphate buffer were assessed using cyclic voltammetry. The thermodynamic stabilities of the Cu(II) complexes in aqueous solution were analysed qualitatively using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The mustard complexes F and G showed irreversible redox behaviour and low thermodynamic stability, and were not hypoxia-selective but behaved as typical mustard drugs. The cyclen-based mustard complex H showed reversible redox behaviour and had high thermodynamic stability under aqueous conditions. H exhibited excellent hypoxia selectivity (the best so far in the lung tumour cell line tested) and is an attractive lead compound for further development of this novel approach to cancer chemotherapy (Fig. 3736D).

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24

Au, Liemin. "VITAMIN D3 IS AN EFFECTIVE COUNTERMEASURE AGAINST NITROGEN MUSTARD EXPOSURE." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396609569.

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25

Marushia, Robin Gene. "Brassica tournefortii phenology, interactions and management of an invasive mustard /." Diss., [Riverside, Calif.] : University of California, Riverside, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3359904.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, Riverside, 2009.
Includes abstract. Title from first page of PDF file (viewed Febrary 1, 2010). Includes bibliographical references (p. 140-143). Issued in print and online. Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations.

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26

Carreiras, Maria Antónia Trigueiros de Castro. "Musas inquietantes." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/400.

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27

Sjödin, Per. "Effects of selection and demography on DNA polymorphism in black mustard (Brassica nigra) /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Universitetsbiblioteket [distributör], 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6633.

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28

Kruskopf, Österberg Marita. "From QTLs to genes : flowering time variation and CONSTANS-LIKE genes in the black mustard /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7900.

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29

Kohn, Deborah Diane. "Effects of genetic variability and founder number in small populations of an annual plant." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286448.

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30

Novak, Valerie. "A mustard seed community experiment in fostering Christian full critical consciousness /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1985. http://www.tren.com.

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31

Augur, Alana Anita. "DIET SPECIALIZATION AND GENERALIZATION TRADEOFFS IN THE MUSTARD HERBIOVRE SCAPTOMYZA FLAVA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612560.

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Анотація:

Evolutionary tradeoffs occur when the fixation of a beneficial trait reduces the effectiveness of another one. In a complex environment, a population with a highly variable mixture of traits may increase the mean fitness. Specialists on the other hand, may fix alleles optimal in one environment, and thereby give up the benefit of thriving in a different environment. My senior thesis study aims to test whether the maintenance of variable traits is beneficial when the environment is variable and what, if any, tradeoffs arise as a result of specialization. I created replicated populations of a drosophilid fly species called Scaptomyza flava and evolved these in three different environments, two specialized and one generalized, for 10 generations. Emergence time, survival, and preference for environment were phenotypically tested for the different populations of flies in all environment types. Emergence time depended on both the environment in which they developed and on the population from which they came. This suggests that tradeoffs exist between specialized and generalized populations that affect their development on both types of environments.

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32

Haythamī, Nūr al-Dīn ʻAlī ibn Abī Bakr Bākirī Ḥusayn Aḥmad Ṣāliḥ. "Bughyat al-bāḥith ʻan zawāʼid Musnad al-Ḥārith, 186-282 H". [Medina] : al-Mamlakah al-ʻArabīyah al-Saʻūdīyah, al-Jāmiʻah al-Islāmīyah bi-al-Madīnah al-Munawwarah, Markaz Khidmat al-Sunnah wa-al-Sīrah al-Nabawīyah bi-al-taʻāwun maʻa Majmaʻ al-Malik Fahd li-Ṭibāʻat al-Muṣḥaf al-Sharīf, 1992. http://books.google.com/books?id=glgxAAAAMAAJ.

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33

Zöller, Gert. "Analyse raumzeitlicher Muster in Erdbebendaten." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1998. http://pub.ub.uni-potsdam.de/1999/0013/zoeller.ps.

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34

Zöller, Gert. "Analyse raumzeitlicher Muster in Erdbebendaten." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 1999. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2005/140/.

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Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Charakterisierung von Seismizität anhand von Erdbebenkatalogen. Es werden neue Verfahren der Datenanalyse entwickelt, die Aufschluss darüber geben sollen, ob der seismischen Dynamik ein stochastischer oder ein deterministischer Prozess zugrunde liegt und was daraus für die Vorhersagbarkeit starker Erdbeben folgt. Es wird gezeigt, dass seismisch aktive Regionen häufig durch nichtlinearen Determinismus gekennzeichent sind. Dies schließt zumindest die Möglichkeit einer Kurzzeitvorhersage ein. Das Auftreten seismischer Ruhe wird häufig als Vorläuferphaenomen für starke Erdbeben gedeutet. Es wird eine neue Methode präsentiert, die eine systematische raumzeitliche Kartierung seismischer Ruhephasen ermöglicht. Die statistische Signifikanz wird mit Hilfe des Konzeptes der Ersatzdaten bestimmt. Als Resultat erhält man deutliche Korrelationen zwischen seismischen Ruheperioden und starken Erdbeben. Gleichwohl ist die Signifikanz dafür nicht hoch genug, um eine Vorhersage im Sinne einer Aussage über den Ort, die Zeit und die Stärke eines zu erwartenden Hauptbebens zu ermöglichen.

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35

Hainzinger, Thomas. "Ergebnisse der Otoplastik nach Mustardé." Diss., lmu, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-154067.

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36

Musial, Maximilian [Verfasser]. "Das polnische Restrukturierungsgesetz / Maximilian Musial." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1172716676/34.

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37

Bedük, Mustafa Durukan [Verfasser]. "Virtuelle Fahrwerkabstimmung / Mustafa Durukan Bedük." Aachen : Shaker, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1149615842/34.

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38

Castellano, Steven Michael. "Effect of Alliaria petiolata invasion on ectomycorrhizal colonization of Quercus rubra." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1217280009.

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39

Ford, Kate E. "Genome structure and genetic diversity in Crambe L. Brassicaceae." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327518.

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40

Mazumder, Deepika. "Studying the effect of plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria supplementation on growth and seed yield of Brassica campestris L. (mustard plant)." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2020. http://ir.nbu.ac.in/handle/123456789/4371.

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41

Lui, Flora Y. H. "The production of protein isolates from hexane-defatted ground yellow mustard meal." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0003/MQ40910.pdf.

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42

Barco, Brenden Lee. "Evolution, Regulation, and Function of Tryptophan-Derived Secondary Metabolism in Mustard Plants." Thesis, Yale University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13851840.

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Plants produce a variety of small molecules, including those essential for survival in all conditions (primary metabolites) or for more ecologically specific conditions (secondary metabolites). While primary metabolic pathways are broadly shared among plants, secondary metabolism is under constant selective pressure towards chemical innovation, given the continual fluctuation of the environment. Thus, plant secondary metabolism - whose constituents number in the hundreds of thousands - is lineage-specific, highly structurally diverse, and ultimately of high value to medicine, agriculture, and industry. Efforts to optimize the production of specific metabolites or to discover new compounds remain difficult primarily due to inadequate understandings of the metabolic genes involved and how these genes are regulated. This work first examines co-regulation, a major form of organization by which plant secondary metabolic genes are organized. In response to the bacterial crop pathogen Pseudomonas syringae, Arabidopsis thaliana and its relatives in the mustard family produce numerous secondary metabolites from the amino acid tryptophan, including the antimicrobial compound camalexin. However, hundreds of biosynthetic genes of unknown function are also simultaneously upregulated. Using metabolic profiling and co-expression analysis, I helped to identify the complete biosynthetic pathway to the indole-3-carbonylnitriles (ICNs), a previously unknown class of compounds. When the cytochrome P450 gene CYP82C2 is mutated, biosynthesis of the compound 4-hydroxy-ICN (4OH-ICN) is abolished, and plant defense against P. syringae is impaired. Conversely, addition of 4OH-ICN to plants is sufficient to suppress bacterial growth. Next, this work examines the evolution of camalexin and 4OH-ICN metabolism. Cytochrome P450-directed secondary metabolism has been shown almost without exception to be evolutionarily derived from changes to enzymes with broad substrate specificity. By contrast, I observe through genetics, enzyme phylogenetic analysis, and transient expression assays that the ICN and camalexin biosynthetic pathways evolved from a common chemical substrate. In particular, changes to camalexin catalysis by the newly duplicated gene CYP71A12 led to the formation of ICN metabolism in several mustard species, although both compounds are directly derived from indole cyanohydrin. Furthermore, 40H-ICN is an extremely recently evolved metabolite, derived from a flurry of genic, epigenetic and transposon-mediated rearrangements of a yet-more recent gene duplicate (CYP82C2). These regulatory changes to CYP82C2 lead to its pathogen-inducibility solely in the species A. thaliana. I additionally identify WRKY33 and MYB51 as two sets of defense regulators that carefully fine-tune 40H-ICN metabolism by direct biosynthetic gene regulation. WRKY33 transcription factor, which is involved in the species-specific regulation of CYP82C2, is conserved throughout flowering plants, indicating that transcriptional recruitment is an important feature in the expansion of secondary metabolism. Finally, this work probes possible molecular functions of 40H-ICN and camalexin by exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying their secretion from roots and regulation of cell death processes. This study ultimately reveals that the proliferation of diverse chemical arsenals in plants is greatly aided by the regulatory capture of new and rapidly evolving genes by evolutionarily more stable transcription factors. Future emphases on transcriptional regulators of secondary metabolism may thus aid in the discovery of new secondary metabolic pathways on a more rapid scale.

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43

Akin, Esra. "Mustafa Âli's Epic deeds of artists." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1181502871.

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44

Ayubi, Mustafa [Verfasser]. "Abscherfestigkeit von kieferorthopädischen Minischrauben / Mustafa Ayubi." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1047185121/34.

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45

Hunter-Holly, Daniel Ryan. "A performer's examination of John Musto's "Shadow of the Blues" and "Recuerdo"." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1180292422.

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46

Sjödin, Per. "Effects of Selection and Demography on DNA Polymorphism in Black Mustard (Brassica nigra)." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Evolutionär funktionsgenomik, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-6633.

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The evolution of three genes from the CONSTANS-LIKE gene family is studied in Brassica nigra. We use a combination of population genetic and phylogenetic techniques in order to assess the relative importance of selection and demography on the pattern of DNA variation. The analysis is complicated by the fact that they are recent duplicates of each other and hence there is a potential redundancy factor that has to be considered. The relationship between two of the genes, COa and COb, is however much closer than between any relationship to the third gene, COL1. The three genes are all suspected to play a part in the natural variation of flowering time of B. nigra. The thesis consists of four papers. The first paper is a technical paper concerning when and if the existence of an effective population size can be assumed. More specifically, the impact of population structure and a fluctuating (census) population size on the standard coalescent is studied. The second paper is a population genetic study of B. nigra using micro-satellites and RFLP. The resulting population genetic structure is argued to reflect the early spread of agriculture in Europe. In the third paper the general evolution of the three genes is studied. We find that not all aspects of the data could be accounted for by demography or redundancy effects, but that selection most likely played a part in the evolution of these genes. The fourth paper concerns the functional status of COb, whether it is a pseudogene or not. The most likely scenario is that COb recently became non-functional due to the fixation of a deleterious mutation during a recent bottleneck.

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47

Girma, Kefyalew. "Interference of wild mustard, Sinapis arvenis L., in spring wheat, Triticum aestivum L." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31832.pdf.

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48

Dezfooli, Amin. "Competition between wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0027/MQ51059.pdf.

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49

Sunters, Andrew. "Studies on the molecular and cellular pharmacology of nitrogen mustard based chemotherapeutic agents." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264272.

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50

Zelles, Alexandra M. "Examining the relationship between garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) and European earthworms." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1348589345.

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