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Статті в журналах з теми "Murins – Modèles animaux":
Begon, Emmanuelle, and Valérie Bernard. "La prolactine et son récepteur : Des modèles animaux à la physiopathologie hypophysaire." Biologie Aujourd’hui 216, no. 3-4 (2022): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jbio/2022019.
Sasiak, A. B., A. Sebesteny, G. Hrivnak, and D. H. Lloyd. "Utilisation de modèles souris pour la dermatophilose expérimentale." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 46, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1993): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9376.
Thouaye, M., C. Fillinger, and I. Yalcin. "Vue d’ensemble des tests comportementaux murins permettant l’évaluation des conséquences de type anxieux et dépressif de la douleur chronique." Douleur et Analgésie, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/dea-2022-0228.
Дисертації з теми "Murins – Modèles animaux":
Royer, Moës Anne. "Canalopathies cardiaques et modèles murins." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANTA001.
Cardiac channelopathies are inherited or acquired diseases linked to ionic channel dysfonction. This thesis is about two transgenic murine models. The interest of transgenese is that gene expression and function can be study in vivo. The first murine model overexpresses the human HERG channel in the mouse heart. Its study has shown for the first time antiarrhythmic effects of HERG expression in vivo. The second murine model is a knock-out of Scn5a gene. Heterozygous mice have a 50 % reduction in their cardiac myocytes Na+ current and exhibit cardiac conduction defects. These cardiac conduction defects worsen with age and are associated with fibrosis. Scn5a +/- mice are a convincing model for Lenègre's disease
Gilet, Jules. "Rôle des chimiokines dans le développement des réactions allergiques : apport des modèles murins." Lille 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL2S052.
Monestier, Olivier. "Développement et caractérisation de deux modèles murins présentant un phénotype hypermusclé." Limoges, 2012. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/449dba1c-e93c-40ca-9977-2115d7357bf4/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4001.pdf.
Skeletal muscle development and growth are tightly regulated processes involving multiple factors which control different cellular programs such as proliferation, differentiation and fusion. Understanding muscle mass regulation represents key issues in public health or agronomy. Thus, the identification of molecular mechanisms participating in muscular hypertrophy has major interest for therapies improvement of muscular atrophy or for applications in meat production. In this context, the work of my thesis concerned the development and characterisation of two mouse lines presenting a hypermuscular phenotype. The analysis of the first model, called surGasp1, showed that the ubiquitous overexpression of the Gasp1 gene leads to a generalized increase of muscular mass due to a hypertrophy of the type I, IIa and IIb fibres without change of the fatty tissue amount. This model provides an excellent tool to study the GASP1 function during the muscular development, in particular its role in relationship with the myostatin, a key factor in muscle growth regulation. I have also undertaken a study of the GASP1 protein during evolution. The substitution rate analysis from the ancestor of Ciona to tetrapods showed that the important domains in the interaction with the myostatin (GDF8) were the most preserved. These data allow me to propose a three dimensional model describing the GASP protein action. The second mouse line, GMA06, resulting from a sensitized mutagenesis screen, presents a hypermuscular phenotype which differs from the one observed in myostatine knockout mice. The identification of the causal mutation in this line will allow to better understand the interactions which could exist between this last one and the myostatin and constitutes an interesting model for functional studies of gene modifiers of the Gdf8-/- phenotype
St-Amour, Isabelle. "Effet des IGIV dans des modèles murins de maladies neurodégénératives." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30473/30473.pdf.
In the search of therapeutic solutions to neurodegenerative diseases, active and passive immunization strategies have been proposed for the clearance of protein aggregates. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a pharmaceutical preparation of over 98% immunoglobulin G prepared from the plasma of thousands of healthy donors. Since natural autoantibodies against pathological proteins have been identified in IVIg, it has been proposed as an alternative to immunotherapy and clinical trials in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients are underway. The aim of my PhD project was to evaluate the efficacy, analyze the mechanisms of action of IVIg in animal models of AD and Parkinson’s disease (PD), and identify potential targets for the development of pharmacological alternatives. The bioavailability of IVIg and its ability to reach therapeutic targets in the brain are unknown. In the first part of the project, we quantified the passage of IVIg through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Our results provide quantitative evidence of BBB transport and brain bioavailability of IVIg in the absence of permeabilization and in sufficient amount to interact with therapeutic targets. In a triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD) that reproduces amyloid and tau pathologies, IVIg injections have improved the cognitive performance and reduced anxiety-like behaviors of treated mice. Despite limited effects on tau pathology, IVIg modulated the central (IL-5/IL-10 ratio) and peripheral (CX3CR1 + and T cells), and reduced the ratio of soluble Aβ42/Aβ40 (-22%) and the concentration of 56 kDa oligomers of Aß (Aß*56) by over 60%. This effect of IVIg on cognition, immunity and Aß pathology suggests that Aβ oligomers, effector T cells and the fractalkine pathway are potential pharmacological targets of IVIg in AD. Finally, we studied the effect of an IVIg treatment in a mouse model of PD. In this model of MPTP intoxication, our results did not demonstrate neurorestorative effects of IVIg on the nigrostriatal system and even suggested adverse effects of IVIg on the dopaminergic system. These preclinical data highlighted the importance of proceeding cautiously in the initiation of clinical trials with IVIg to treat PD patients.
Marquet, Marie. "Modèles murins pour l’étude d’éléments régulateurs du locus IgH : ciblage des régions Eμ et 3’régulatrices". Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/23828f3f-0b7e-42fb-90aa-36367cd81ed0/blobholder:0/2012LIMO310E.pdf.
During B cells development, the IgH locus undergo many genetics rearrangements regulated by several cis-regulatory elements. The first regulatory region is composed of the intronic enhancer cEμ and its matrix attachment regions (MARsEμ). In our study, we have realized the Knock-Out of both full length Eμ and the MARsEμ regions. The first model led to a drastic B cell development blockade and confirms the importance of Eμ at the early stages. This model also highlights the important role of Eμ for the μ heavy chain expression at the pre-B cell stage. Eμ deletion results in the unbalance of peripheral B cells subsets wherein follicular B cell population is decreased in favor of marginal zone B cells. The second model revealed an important role of MARsEμ for somatic hypermutation. Surprisingly, the MARsEμ regions influence this process in cis at the IgH locus but also in trans at the ҡ light chain locus. The second regulatory region, located at the 3’ end of the locus, contains four transcriptional enhancers (hs3a, hs1-2, hs3b, hs4). It displays a “quasi-palindromic” architecture; including inverted repeated sequences organized around hs1-2 element (hs4 is outside of this structure). The function of this particular structure remains unknown. The “quasi-palindromic” Knock-Out confirms that hs4 allows an optimal expression of the μ heavy chain in resting B cells. This model demonstrates also a key role of this region for transcription-coupled somatic hypermutation
Hraiech, Sami. "Evaluation de stratégies thérapeutiques dans des modèles murins de pneumonie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5076/document.
The emergence multi-drug resistant bacteria hardens the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. Our objective was to evaluate new therapeutic strategies and pathophysiological hypotheses in murine models of pneumonia.In a first model of acute lethal pneumonia with A. baumannii in rats, we compared the virulence of two hospital strains, one susceptible (ABCS) and the other resistant (ABCR) to colistin. We showed a reduction in mortality, pulmonary bacterial count, incidence of bacteremia and pulmonary histological lesions in animals infected with ABCR. This confirms the impaired virulence associated with the acquisition of resistance to colistin. In a second study, we developed a model of chronic pneumonia with P. aeruginosa in rats and showed thataerosols of squalamine permitted a reduction in pulmonary bacterial load and the number of histological lesions of pneumonia. In a third study, we evaluated the quorum quenching effects of a lactonase in vitro and in a model of acute lethal P. aeruginosa pneumonia in rats. We found a decrease in virulence gene activation and bacterial biofilm synthesis in vitro. This was associated with a decreased mortality from 75 to 20% in the treated animals.ConclusionsIn this work, we described the therapeutic potential of 2 molecules in P. aeruginosa pneumonia and illustratesd the loss of virulence associated with resistance to colistin in a clinical strain of A. baumannii
Depiets, Bérengère. "Etude physiopathologique de modèles murins de leucodystrophies dysmyélinisantes et approche thérapeutique." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CLF1MM04/document.
Mutations of the proteolipoprotein gene, PLP1, coding the major structural proteins of the central nervous system, PLP and DM20, are responsible of some X-linked dysmyelinating leukodystrophies. The most severe form, the Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD), due to gene duplications, causes a major hypomyelination ; while the moderate form, the spastic paraplegia type 2 (SPG2), due to non-sense mutations or gene deletions, leads leading to unpacked myelin and late axonal degeneration. This thesis work focuses on phenotypic characterization of transgenic male mice with Plp1 invalidation (Plp null mice), together with heterozygous females for this mutation and overexpressing Plp1 (PLOA mice), models of carrier mothers of these diseases. A longitudinal study on mice behavior was performed and allowed to highlight in Plp null male mice, the onset of motor, sensitive and cognitive defects, then linked to expression abnormalities of (1) astrocytic or microglial markers and neuropeptides involved in painful processes in spinal dorsal horn, (2) markers implied in cognitive processes in brain and especially some hippocampus regions, (3) alterations of nerve conduction velocities. In Plp1-mutated females, behavior abnormalities seem to be related to genotype, with development of symptoms only in females carrying moderate mutation. Since few years, data suggest a role of white matter, and particularly myelin, in cognitive and behavioral functions. Results of this study confirm the interest of Plp null mice to better understand this role. Further, similarities identied between animal models and human pathology, allow to consider these models to assess new therapeutic perspectives. We thus assessed the efficiency of a typical neuroleptic on Plp null mice behavioral alterations
Trak, Smayra Viviane. "La stéatose hépatique non-alcoolique et la NASH : approche diagnostique et modèles murins." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA077247.
Le, Quang Khai. "Troubles du rythme cardiaque dans les modèles murins transgéniques." Thèse, Nantes, 2010. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=77640043-d85a-4ffa-b817-17b1b0c76068.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world each year. If no action is taken to improve cardiovascular health and current trends continue, WHO estimates that 25% more healthy life years will be lost to cardiovascular disease globally by 2020. Cardiac hypertrophy is the consequence of an excessive workload of the heart muscle leading to cardiac remodeling process. As the workload increases, the ventricular walls grow thicker, lose elasticity and eventually may fail to pump with as much force as a healthy heart. Furthermore, hypertrophied myocardium is not physiologically normal and may confer a predisposition to potentially fatal arrhythmias. Generally, the causal mechanism is ventricular fibrillation, a cardiac rhythm disorder which is irreversible but the pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and poorly understood. The functional consequences of mutations or ionic remodeling are relatively simple to study in vitro, but their role in the pathophysiology of arrhythmias in vivo is more difficult to grasp. Among the different animal models developed in cardiac arrhythmias research, the mouse is increasingly used because of our ability to mutate, knock-out or over-express genes of interest. The objective of my thesis was to study the role of ion channels in physiology as well as cardiac pathophysiology, particularly in the involvement of the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in vivo. This thesis will improve our understanding of the role of genetic abnormalities involving ionic remodeling in the pathogenesis of the heart and may also open new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of cardiac remodeling as well as sudden cardiac death
Le, Quang Khai. "Troubles du rythme cardiaque dans les modèles murins transgéniques." Thèse, Nantes, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4903.
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world each year. If no action is taken to improve cardiovascular health and current trends continue, WHO estimates that 25% more healthy life years will be lost to cardiovascular disease globally by 2020. Cardiac hypertrophy is the consequence of an excessive workload of the heart muscle leading to cardiac remodeling process. As the workload increases, the ventricular walls grow thicker, lose elasticity and eventually may fail to pump with as much force as a healthy heart. Furthermore, hypertrophied myocardium is not physiologically normal and may confer a predisposition to potentially fatal arrhythmias. Generally, the causal mechanism is ventricular fibrillation, a cardiac rhythm disorder which is irreversible but the pathophysiological mechanisms are complex and poorly understood. The functional consequences of mutations or ionic remodeling are relatively simple to study in vitro, but their role in the pathophysiology of arrhythmias in vivo is more difficult to grasp. Among the different animal models developed in cardiac arrhythmias research, the mouse is increasingly used because of our ability to mutate, knock-out or over-express genes of interest. The objective of my thesis was to study the role of ion channels in physiology as well as cardiac pathophysiology, particularly in the involvement of the occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in vivo. This thesis will improve our understanding of the role of genetic abnormalities involving ionic remodeling in the pathogenesis of the heart and may also open new therapeutic perspectives in the treatment of cardiac remodeling as well as sudden cardiac death.
Thèse en cotutelle avec Université de Nantes - Pays de La Loire - France (2005-2010)