Статті в журналах: "Muntjac deer"

1

Chaffin, Wendy. "Muntjac Deer Fact File." Veterinary Nursing Journal 27, no. 1 (January 2012): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.2045-0648.2011.00138.x.

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2

Chapman, D. I., and O. Dansie. "Unilateral implantation in muntjac deer." Journal of Zoology 159, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1969.tb03907.x.

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3

Rahman, Dede Aulia, and Ani Mardiastuti. "Factors influencing the activity patterns of two deer species and their response to predators in two protected areas in Indonesia." Therya 12, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-21-1087.

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Facing change of environmental conditions, the activity rhythm of animals may habituate. Remote cameras were used to quantify Bawean deer and red muntjac activity patterns and to examined differences by season, sex and lunar cycle to respond predator presence, in Bawean Island and Ujung Kulon National Park, Indonesia. Photographs of Bawean deer (n = 118) were taken during March to November 2014 and for red muntjac (n = 4,142) were taken during January 2013 to July 2014. Data were analyzed by using Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) to test the relationship between activity patterns and the lunar cycle, further, the pattern of daily activity overlap between deer and their predators calculated by kernel density estimation. The number of captures by camera trapping were less for both sexes of both deer in wet season. Male and female Bawean deer were active throughout the day and night during all seasons, with several activity peaks during the 24h period, while male and female red muntjac show diurnal activity levels with higher peaks 1h after sunrise until 1h before sunset. There was no significant difference in activities between males and females for both deer. The amount of nocturnal activity corresponding to differences in nocturnal luminosity for Bawean deer varied, but not for the red muntjac. Free-roaming dog and Bawean deer presented opposite peak activities, while dhole as (the predator of the red muntjac) and red muntjac were both cathemeral. The differences between the two similar-sized species could be closely related to reduction of predation risk and increasing foraging success.

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4

Dansie, O., and J. Williams. "Paraurethral glands in Reeves muntjac deer, Muntiacus reevesii." Journal of Zoology 171, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 469–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb02227.x.

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5

Chaplin, Raymond E., and Grahame Dangerfield. "Breeding records of Muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevsi) in captivity." Journal of Zoology 170, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb01370.x.

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6

Cita, K. D., R. A. Adila, R. I. Hardianto, M. F. Adib, and L. Setyaningsih. "Wildlife Camera Trapping: Estimating the Abundance of Sumatran Tiger’s Prey in Way Kambas National Park." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 959, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/959/1/012020.

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Abstract The Sumatran tiger is one of the endemic species in Indonesia which has been driven to extinction. This species has been categorized as critically endangered by IUCN and as Appendix I by CITES. Loss of prey is one of the threats to the Sumatran tiger’s population. It is an essential factor to maintain the existence of the Sumatran tiger. The study aimed to reveal the abundance of the Sumatran tiger prey using the camera trap method in Way Kambas National Park where one of the Sumatran tiger’s habitats. Our study was conducted from March until August 2020. We used 16 Camera traps which were divided into 2 Sites, Resort Pengelolaan Taman Nasional (RPTN) Sekapuk and Way Kanan. We found five species of Preys. They are wild boar (Sus scrofa), Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina), red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjac), and Mouse deer (Tragulus kanchil). The highest number of abundance was Sus scrofa (63%), and the lowest number of abundance was Rusa unicolor (0,94%). Our findings concluded that the potential preferred prey was Sus scrofa and Muntiacus muntjac.

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7

Dolman, Paul M., and Kristin Wäber. "Ecosystem and competition impacts of introduced deer." Wildlife Research 35, no. 3 (2008): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr07114.

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Numerous deer species have been introduced beyond their native range into ecosystems around the world. Their economic value leads to further accidental and deliberate releases and lack of control is contributing to range expansion in Australia, South America and Europe. Despite localised or regional concern, the scale and generality of detrimental impacts have not been widely recognised. We review the direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems and evidence for interspecific effects on native deer. In New Zealand, where large herbivores were previously absent, severe and novel impacts have been found in susceptible forests. Even where ecosystems contain native deer, invasion by taxonomically exotic deer species carries the risk of cascade effects on spatial plant dynamics and forest composition. In Patagonia, introduced deer have disrupted forest composition, whereas in Europe, ecosystem impacts of introduced species can differ from those of over-abundant native deer. Introduced Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) within a coniferous forestry landscape in eastern England differ from native European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in their distribution of herbivory among differing habitats, and provide much lower rates of endozoochorous seed dispersal. Frequent concern is expressed that introduced deer species may have detrimental effects on native deer and other ungulates, although potential epidemiological effects have not been investigated. Apparent competition, with introduced prey resulting in increased predation rates on native deer, may be occurring between South American huemul (Hippocamelus bisulcus) and southern pudu (Pudu puda). Habitat and dietary overlap is often substantial among native and introduced ungulates, including deer, and exploitation competition is likely. Evidence includes spatial responses of native to non-native deer and negatively correlated changes in population abundance, but demographic mechanisms have not been demonstrated previously. In a coniferous forestry landscape in eastern England, substantial habitat and dietary overlap occurs between native roe deer and high-density introduced Chinese muntjac. This roe deer population has shown a reduction in body weight and fertility following establishment and increasing abundance of non-native Chinese muntjac, compatible with interspecific competition. European roe deer also appear susceptible to competition from larger grazing deer, including native red deer (Cervus elaphus) and introduced fallow (Dama dama). The widely introduced fallow deer may be a particularly effective competitor in sympatry with intermediate or concentrate feeders. There is need for further investigation of potential interactions of introduced and native deer species, and a wider recognition of the ecological impacts of introduced deer.

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8

Chaplin, Raymond E. "Dental development in Muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi) of known age." Journal of Zoology 170, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 148–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1973.tb01369.x.

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9

Jackson, J. E., and D. I. Chapman. "A note on the food of Muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi)." Journal of Zoology 183, no. 4 (August 20, 2009): 546–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1977.tb04208.x.

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10

D. Rotherham, Ian. "Muntjac and water deer natural history, environmental impact and management." Arboricultural Journal 41, no. 4 (October 2, 2019): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071375.2019.1701766.

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11

Relissiana, H. Marhaento, and Subeno. "Extinction risk analysis of barking deer (Muntiacus muntjac) in Sermo Wildlife Sanctuary." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1039, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1039/1/012050.

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Abstract Sermo Wildlife Sanctuary (SWS) is a habitat of barking barking deer (Muntiacus muntjac) that is included as one of the protected species according to Ministerial Decree of Forestry and Environment No. 92/2018. The latest report from the authority, the Yogyakarta Natural Resources Conservation Agency (BKSDA Yogyakarta), stated that in 2017, it was estimated that there are only six individual barking deer inside the SWS. Their existence is threatened due to several activities such as tourism and agriculture practices. It should be noted that SWS was formerly a production forest so that local communities have been used to involve in forest management. Apparently, after the forest status has been changed into a protected area, the activities inside the forest are still remaining and thus potentially result in disturbing the barking barking deer habitat. This study aims to assess the extinction risk of the barking deeper inside the SWS. This study used the Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA) through Geographical Information Systems (GIS) technique to assess the extinction risk of barking deer in SWS. Theresults show that 137.21 hectares or 73.77% of the total area of SWS is an area that is prone to barking deer habitat. Therefore, it is necessary to take conservation measures and increase supervision so that habitat threats can be minimized.

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12

Scott, W. A. "Apparent low toxicity of yew in muntjac deer and Soay sheep." Veterinary Record 166, no. 8 (February 20, 2010): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.c971.

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13

Hartmann, Nils, and Harry Scherthan. "Characterization of ancestral chromosome fusion points in the Indian muntjac deer." Chromosoma 112, no. 5 (February 1, 2004): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00412-003-0262-4.

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14

Rabinowitz, Alan, and Saw Tun Khaing. "Status of selected mammal species in North Myanmar." Oryx 32, no. 3 (July 1998): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3008.1998.d01-37.x.

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During 1996 and 1997, data on the status of selected mammal species were collected from a remote region of North Myanmar. Of the 21 species discussed in this paper, the black muntjac, stone marten and blue sheep are new records for the country. One species, the leaf muntjac, has never been described. At least three species that once inhabited the region – elephant, gaur and Sumatran rhinoceros – are no longer present, and the tiger has been nearly extirpated. Himalayan species that are declining elsewhere, such as takin, red goral and red panda, are still relatively abundant despite hunting pressures. Musk deer are in serious decline. The wolf, while not positively confirmed, may be an occasional inhabitant of North Myanmar.

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15

Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad. "Factors Associated with Habitat Segregation Among the Four Species of Cervids in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Ekológia (Bratislava) 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 37–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eko-2019-0004.

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AbstractStudy of habitat segregation among the four species of cervids was conducted in the Chitwan National park of lowland Nepal. This study aimed to investigate the possible mechanisms of habitat partitioning among the four cervids - chital, sambar deer, hog deer and northern red muntjac using discriminant analysis and canonical correlation analysis. Present study considered four major niche dimensions - habitat, human disturbance, presence of predators and seasons. The data were collected by walking along the line transects that encompasses the different habitats, varying degree of human disturbances and frequency of predator’s presence. Results showed the significant effect of season on the habitat segregation among these cervids. There was higher niche overlap during summer season as compared to winter season. Habitat overlap between chital and muntjac was higher and unstable than others, which showed that they were the competitors of the same resources as enlightened by their generalist nature. Therefore, maintaining habitat heterogeneity and minimizing human disturbances will be better solutions for the coexistence of herbivores in the Chitwan National Park and can be an example for similar areas of lowland Nepal.

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16

Nalls, Amy V., Erin McNulty, Jenny Powers, Davis M. Seelig, Clare Hoover, Nicholas J. Haley, Jeanette Hayes-Klug, et al. "Mother to Offspring Transmission of Chronic Wasting Disease in Reeves’ Muntjac Deer." PLoS ONE 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2013): e71844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0071844.

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17

Makouloutou, P., A. Setsuda, M. Yokoyama, T. Tsuji, E. Saita, H. Torii, Y. Kaneshiro, et al. "Genetic variation of Gongylonema pulchrum from wild animals and cattle in Japan based on ribosomal RNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I genes." Journal of Helminthology 87, no. 3 (September 12, 2012): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000442.

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AbstractThe gullet worm (Gongylonema pulchrum) has been recorded from a variety of mammals worldwide, including monkeys and humans. Due to its wide host range, it has been suggested that the worm may be transmitted locally to any mammalian host by chance. To investigate this notion, the ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA), mainly regions of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) 1 and 2, and a cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) region of mitochondrial DNA of G. pulchrum were characterized using parasites from the following hosts located in Japan: cattle, sika deer, wild boars, Japanese macaques, a feral Reeves's muntjac and captive squirrel monkeys. The rDNA nucleotide sequences of G. pulchrum were generally well conserved regardless of their host origin. However, a few insertions/deletions of nucleotides along with a few base substitutions in the ITS1 and ITS2 regions were observed in G. pulchrum from sika deer, wild boars and Japanese macaques, and those differed from G. pulchrum in cattle, the feral Reeves's muntjac and captive squirrel monkeys. The COI sequences of G. pulchrum were further divided into multiple haplotypes and two groups of haplotypes, i.e. those from a majority of sika deer, wild boars and Japanese macaques and those from cattle and zoo animals, were clearly differentiated. Our findings indicate that domestic and sylvatic transmission cycles of the gullet worm are currently present, at least in Japan.

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18

Lin, Shih-Ting, Li-Ting Wang, Yen-Chi Wu, Jia-Rong Jeremy Guu, Tomohiko Tamura, Koji Mori, Lina Huang, and Koichi Watanabe. "Weissella muntiaci sp. nov., isolated from faeces of Formosan barking deer (Muntiacus reevesi)." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 1578–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.003937.

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A Gram-stain-positive strain, 8 H-2T, was isolated from faeces of Reeves’ muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) barking deer in Taiwan. Cells of the strain were short rod-shaped, non-motile, non-haemolytic, asporogenous, facultatively anaerobic, heterofermentative and did not exhibit catalase and oxidase activities. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA, pheS and dnaA gene sequences demonstrated that the novel strain was a member of the genus Weissella . On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the type strains of Weissella oryzae (99.2 %), Weissella confusa (97.8 %), Weissella cibaria (97.6 %) and Weissella soli (97.3 %) were the closest neighbours to strain 8 H-2T. The concatenated housekeeping gene sequence (pheS and dnaA) similarities of 8 H-2T to closely related type strains were 72.5–84.9 %, respectively. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values with these type strains were 70.2–75.4% and 25.1–30.1 %, respectively. Phenotypic and genotypic test results demonstrated that strain 8 H-2T represents a novel species belonging to the genus Weissella , for which the name Weissella muntiaci sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 8 H-2T (=BCRC 81133T=NBRC 113537T).

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19

Kramsky, Joely A., Elizabeth J. B. Manning, and Michael T. Collins. "Protein G Binding to Enriched Serum Immunoglobulin from Nondomestic Hoofstock Species." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 15, no. 3 (May 2003): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500306.

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Quick and cost-effective serologic assays, such as those based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technology, are useful for screening animal populations for infectious diseases. Recombinant protein G is described as an almost universal ELISA conjugate for the detection of antibodies from a wide range of animal species. However, there is limited data documenting the ability of protein G to bind immunoglobulin (Ig) from many captive and free-ranging nondomestic hoofstock (Order Artiodactyla, e.g., elk, antelope, bison). Protein G binding to Ig from 11 species within this taxonomic order (addax, antelope, bison, bontebok, elk, impala, kudu/nyala, muntjac, oryx, sheep, and white-tailed deer) and 2 control species (bovine and chicken) was assessed. A serum Ig enrichment protocol, using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was optimized in bovids ( Bos taurus) and then applied to the other study species. Binding assays were performed by adding protein G to microtiter wells coated with titrated dilutions of enriched artiodactyl Ig. Optical densities were measured and binding curves generated. Differences in protein G binding were observed, both within and among species, as well as within taxonomic families. Significant intraspecies binding variation was observed for 7 species tested (antelope, oryx, sheep, muntjac, impala, bontebok, and addax). No statistically significant intraspecies differences in protein G binding were found for Ig from bison, elk, kudu/nyala, white-tailed deer, plus control species (cattle and chicken). Binding of protein G to Ig from impala, muntjac, and elk was statistically different from the positive control (cattle), with muntjac binding curves statistically comparable with the negative control (chicken). For the other 7 species tested, binding curves illustrated the ability of protein G to bind Ig as well as, or better than, the positive control. These findings expand the list of animal species whose Ig is capable of being detected using recombinant protein G, with the caveat that protein G does not bind Ig uniformly in closely related species. It is concluded that recombinant protein G conjugates may serve as useful reagents for serodiagnosis by ELISA in nondomestic hoofstock, although different assay interpretation algorithms and assay protocols may need to be developed on a per species basis for maximum diagnostic effectiveness.

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20

Zhang, Yun-Chun, Chen Xiao-Yong, Guo-Gang Li, and Quan Rui-Chang. "Complete mitochondrial genome of Gongshan muntjac (Muntiacus gongshanensis), a Critically Endangered deer species." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 2 (July 3, 2019): 2867–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2019.1660242.

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21

Southwell, Rebecca Marie, Kenneth Sherlock, and Matthew Baylis. "Cross-sectional study of British wild deer for evidence of Schmallenberg virus infection." Veterinary Record 187, no. 8 (May 23, 2020): e64-e64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.105869.

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BackgroundSchmallenberg virus (SBV) is an orthobunyavirus, carried by Culicoides biting midges, that causes reproductive problems in adult ruminants when infected during their gestation period. SBV was first detected in ruminants in the UK in 2011/2012 and then again in 2016. The reason behind the 2016 re-emergence of SBV is unknown, but one possibility is that it can be maintained in wildlife, such as deer. SBV has been detected at high seroprevalence in deer in a number of European countries, but only once in the UK in a single region.MethodsThe purpose of this study was to survey wild deer across Great Britain for recent evidence of SBV. Deer hunters were recruited for the purpose of providing postmortem blood samples to be tested for SBV antibodies.ResultsThe seroprevalence of SBV in the British wild deer population was 13.8 per cent; found in red, roe, muntjac and fallow deer species, with more in deer further south.ConclusionThese results support the growing concern that SBV is now endemic in Great Britain and highlight the need to know the role of wildlife in SBV transmission.

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22

Bhattarai, Bishnu Prasad, and Pavel Kindlmann. "Factors Affecting Population Composition and Social Organization of Wild Ungulates in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Journal of Institute of Science and Technology 22, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 156–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jist.v22i2.19608.

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We investigated the factors affecting group sizes and population composition of chital (Axis axis), sambar (Rusa unicolor), hog deer (Axis porcinus), northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis), wild boar (Sus scrofa) and gaur (Bos gaurus) in the Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal. The study revealed that mean group sizes were the largest for chital (winter: 13.76 and summer: 11.01), followed by wild boar (winter: 6.89 and summer: 8.51), hog deer (winter: 5.52 and summer: 6.66), gaur (winter: 4.36 and summer: 5.81), sambar (winter: 1.86 and summer: 2.45) and muntjac (winter: 1.44 and summer: 1.46). The age and sex ratio of ungulates were biased towards females in all species. This study found the highest proportion of young individuals in wild boar and the lowest in gaur. Habitat structure, presence of predators and human disturbances strongly affected group size of ungulates in this area. Larger groups of ungulates were found in less disturbed open areas with high predatory pressure, while smaller groups and solitary individuals were found in highly disturbed forest areas. We recommend that management of human disturbances inside the park and regular monitoring of the changes in the demography of ungulate populations will improve long-term conservation strategies in this park. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018, Page: 156-167

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23

Lamichhane, Saneer, and Bibhuti Ranjan Jha. "Prey selection by Bengal Tiger Panthera tigris tigris (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) of Chitwan National Park, Nepal." Journal of Threatened Taxa 7, no. 14 (November 26, 2015): 8081. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2424.7.14.8081-8088.

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<p>Prey selection by tiger in Chitwan National Park, Nepal was studied from 77 tiger scats that contained the remains of principal prey species. The scats were collected from January to March 2010. Government reports on herbivore population in Chitwan provided the base data on density of principal prey species. In order to understand prey selectivity, the observed proportion of prey species in the scats were compared with the expected proportion derived from density estimates. The observed scat frequency of Sambar, Hog Deer and Wild Boar was found to be greater than the estimated frequency, and the reverse was true for Chital and Muntjac. The average weight of the principal prey species killed was 84 kg. According to our results, Chital and Sambar constituted the bulk (82.07%), and Hog Deer, Wild Boar, and Muntjac constituted 17.93% of the tiger diet. Sambar contributed the largest bulk (43.75%) of prey composition, but Chital constituted the relatively most killed (50.36%) prey species. The present study makes a contribution to an understanding of the status of prey composition in tiger scat in Chitwan during the year 2010. The study also highlights that both large and medium sized prey are important for the conservation of tiger in Chitwan National Park.</p><div> </div>

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24

Wang, Wen, and Hong Lan. "Rapid and Parallel Chromosomal Number Reductions in Muntjac Deer Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny." Molecular Biology and Evolution 17, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 1326–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a026416.

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25

Huang, Ling, Jianxiang Chi, Wenhui Nie, Jinhuan Wang, and Fengtang Yang. "Phylogenomics of several deer species revealed by comparative chromosome painting with Chinese muntjac paints." Genetica 127, no. 1-3 (May 2006): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10709-005-2449-5.

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26

Chapman, N. G., K. Claydon, M. Claydon, and S. Harris. "Techniques for the safe and humane capture of free-living muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi)." British Veterinary Journal 143, no. 1 (January 1987): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0007-1935(87)90104-7.

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27

Cooke, A. S., and K. H. Lakhani. "Damage to coppice regrowth by muntjac deer Muntiacus reevesi and protection with electric fencing." Biological Conservation 75, no. 3 (1996): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(95)00070-4.

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28

McKillen, John, Kayleigh Hogg, Paula Lagan, Cheryl Ball, Simon Doherty, Neil Reid, Lisa Collins, and Jaimie T. A. Dick. "Detection of a novel gammaherpesvirus (genus Rhadinovirus) in wild muntjac deer in Northern Ireland." Archives of Virology 162, no. 6 (February 15, 2017): 1737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00705-017-3254-z.

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29

Khalil, Abdul Rouf Amarulloh, Agus Setiawan, Elly Lestari Rustiati, Sugeng Prayitno Haryanto, and Irfan Nurarifin. "The Diversity and Abundance of Artiodactyla Using Camera Traps in Forest Management Unit I Pesisir Barat." Jurnal Sylva Lestari 7, no. 3 (September 29, 2019): 350. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jsl37350-358.

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Artiodactyla is a wild animal that has an important role in ecology. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and abundance of species of order Artiodactyla in the Forest Management Unit (KPH) I Pesisir Barat. 19 units of camera traps were installed randomly within 14 observation stations (grid cells). Images of animals captured by camera traps on each grid cell were used to analyze the diversity and relative abundance of each species. The results of the diversity analysis showed that the Artiodactyla species found consisted of wild boar (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758), muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak Zimmermann, 1780), lesser oriental chevrotain (Tragulus kanchil Raffles, 1821), sambar deer (Rusa unicolor Kerr, 1792), greater oriental chevrotain (Tragulus napu Cuvier, 1822), and Sumatran serow (Capricornis sumatraensis Bechstein, 1799). Species with the highest relative abundance were wild boar (42,33%) while the lowest was Sumatran wild goats (0,41%). The existence of Artiodactyla could play a role in maintaining the stability of the ecosystem particularly as a seed disperser and supports the presence of predators in the food chain process. Therefore, the KPH I Pesisir Barat forest areas as a habitat for wildlife must be sustainably managed.Keywords: Artiodactyla, diversity, abundance, camera trap

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30

Charaspet, Khwanrutai, Ronglarp Sukmasuang, Noraset Khiowsree, Nucharin Songsasen, Saksit Simchareon, and Prateep Duengkae. "Some ecological aspects of dhole (Cuon alpinus) in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Uthai Thani Province, Thailand." Folia Oecologica 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2019-0012.

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AbstractThe dhole (Cuon alpinus) is one of the least frequent studied endangered canid species and many aspects of ecological knowledge about this species are lacking. The objectives of this study were to investigate the spatial movement of dholes, prey abundance, prey selection, and prey overlaps with other large carnivorous species in the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand, during November, 2017 and October, 2018. Two adult female dholes were captured and fitted with GPS collars. Twenty camera trap sets were systematically used to survey the area. Scat collection was conducted along forest roads and trails. The home range sizes and activity radii of the two dholes were 3,151.63 ha. and 1,442.84 m, and 33.39 ha and 331.56 m, respectively. The sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) was the most abundant prey species (30.93%). However, dhole fecal analysis showed that the monitored dholes preferred red muntjac (Muntiacus muntjak) (57.1%). There was a high degree of prey overlap between dholes and leopards (98%), indicating very high prey competition. The dholes in this study represent movement patterns in richly abundant prey habitats, but with the presence of other predators that can affect prey selection and movement patterns of the dhole in the area.

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31

Rabinowitz, A., Than Myint, Saw Tun Khaing, and S. Rabinowitz. "Description of the leaf deer (Muntiacus putaoensis), a new species of muntjac from northern Myanmar." Journal of Zoology 249, no. 4 (December 1999): 427–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1999.tb01212.x.

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Cooke, A. S. "Impact of muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi) at Monks Wood National Nature Reserve, Cambridgeshire, eastern England." Forestry 74, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): 241–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestry/74.3.241.

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Chapman, Norma G., Kathie Claydon, Mick Claydon, and Stephen Harris. "Distribution and habitat selection by muntjac and other species of deer in a coniferous forest." Acta Theriologica 30 (December 16, 1985): 287–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4098/at.arch.85-20.

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Habiba, Ume, Maqsood Anwar, Rukhsana Khatoon, Majid Hussain, Kamal Ahmed Khan, Sangam Khalil, Syeda Asma Bano, and Ahmed Hussain. "Feeding habits and habitat use of barking deer (Muntiacus vaginalis) in Himalayan foothills, Pakistan." PLOS ONE 16, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): e0245279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245279.

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Northern red muntjac (Muntiacus vaginalis; “barking deer”) is a shy and small-sized cervid mammal, limited to the outer Himalayan foothill forests in Pakistan. Habitat characteristics were measured by locating direct and indirect signs. To quantify habitat utilization of barking deer, 80 field surveys were conducted in the study area along transects. 1200 Quadrats at 50 m intervals were deployed along these transect lines to determine microhabitat factors associated with seasonal distribution. The food composition of the barking deer was determined through fecal droppings analysis by micro-histological technique. Forty-five fecal samples of barking deer were collected from the study area (Murree-Kotli Sattian-Kahuta National Pak); summer (28) and winter (17). The micro-histological analysis revealed that more plant species are available in its habitat during the summer season (27) as compared to winter (19). Due to browsing nature barking deer mostly feed on trees in both seasons. While shrubs are slightly higher in winters. In summer barking deer consumed 10 Trees, 6 Shrubs, 5 Herbs, and 6 kinds of grass species. Dominant tree species were Phyllanthus emblica and Acacia modesta. Dominant shrub species were Ziziphus nummularia and Justicia adhatoda. In winter barking deer consumed 8 Trees, 7 Shrubs, 3 Herbs, and 1 Grass. Dominant tree species were Bauhinia variegata and Acacia modesta while shrubs included Ziziphus nummularia and Carissa opaca.

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35

Chapman, Norma, and G. I. Twigg. "Studies on the thymus gland of British Cervidae, particularly muntjac,Muntiacus reevesi, and fallow,Dama dama, deer." Journal of Zoology 222, no. 4 (December 1990): 653–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1990.tb06021.x.

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Odden, Morten, and Per Wegge. "Predicting spacing behavior and mating systems of solitary cervids: A study of hog deer and Indian muntjac." Zoology 110, no. 4 (September 2007): 261–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.zool.2007.03.003.

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Freeman, M. S., G. E. Beatty, J. T. A. Dick, N. Reid, and J. Provan. "The paradox of invasion: Reeves' muntjac deer invade the British Isles from a limited number of founding females." Journal of Zoology 298, no. 1 (August 11, 2015): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jzo.12283.

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38

Hemami, M. R., A. R. Watkinson, and P. M. Dolman. "Habitat selection by sympatric muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in a lowland commercial pine forest." Forest Ecology and Management 194, no. 1-3 (June 2004): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2004.01.049.

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39

Pusparini, Wulan, Timbul Batubara, Fahrudin Surahmat, Ardiantiono, Tri Sugiharti, Muhammad Muslich, Fahrul Amama, William Marthy, and Noviar Andayani. "A pathway to recovery: the Critically Endangered Sumatran tiger Panthera tigris sumatrae in an ‘in danger’ UNESCO World Heritage Site." Oryx 52, no. 1 (October 23, 2017): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317001144.

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AbstractReliable information on wildlife populations and the threats they face is crucial for assessing the performance of conservation strategies. As part of its efforts to improve the effectiveness of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park in Sumatra, Indonesia, and aid the recovery of flagship species, the Park's management authority designated a 1,000 km2 forest block an Intensive Protection Zone. To set a baseline from which to evaluate the performance of this zone, we investigated the density of tigers Panthera tigris sumatrae, and spatio-temporal interactions between tigers, their principle prey and threats. The estimated density of tigers was 2.8 per 100 km2, whereas in 2002 camera-trapping failed to record any tigers in the Intensive Protection Zone. We found the study area contained a rich prey base, with muntjac deer Muntiacus muntjak, macaques Macaca nemestrina and wild pigs Sus scrofa occupying 85–98% of the area, and sambar Rusa unicolor 61%. Despite these promising findings we also recorded a relatively high number of people entering the Park illegally, with 77 incidents over 6 months, of which 20% involved armed poachers. The poachers operated mainly at night and were concentrated in two locations. Law enforcement patrol teams were active during the day, and therefore had little overlap with the poachers. Prioritizing these at-risk areas for increased protection by rangers would further secure the Intensive Protection Zone, and expanding ranger activity across the Park would support efforts to remove the Park from UNESCO's List of World Heritage In Danger.

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HEMAMI, MAHMOUD R., ANDREW R. WATKINSON, ROBIN M. A. GILL, and PAUL M. DOLMAN. "Estimating abundance of introduced Chinese muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and native roe deer Capreolus capreolus using portable thermal imaging equipment." Mammal Review 37, no. 3 (July 2007): 246–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2907.2007.00110.x.

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41

Zheng, JinHua, and Kan Kobayashi. "Comparative morphological study on the lingual papillae and their connective tissue cores (CTC) in reeves’ muntjac deer (Muntiacus reevesi)." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 188, no. 6 (November 2006): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2006.05.014.

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42

Hemami, Mahmoud R., and Paul M. Dolman. "The disappearance of muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) pellet groups in a pine forest of lowland England." European Journal of Wildlife Research 51, no. 1 (November 30, 2004): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10344-004-0067-7.

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43

SCHERTHAN, HARRY. "Characterisation of a tandem repetitive sequence cloned from the deer Capreolus capreolus and its chromosomal localisation in two muntjac species." Hereditas 115, no. 1 (February 14, 2008): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5223.1991.tb00345.x.

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44

Austin, Z., S. Cinderby, J. C. R. Smart, D. Raffaelli, and P. C. L. White. "Mapping wildlife: integrating stakeholder knowledge with modelled patterns of deer abundance by using participatory GIS." Wildlife Research 36, no. 7 (2009): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08153.

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Context. Some species that are perceived by certain stakeholders as a valuable resource can also cause ecological or economic damage, leading to contrasting management objectives and subsequent conflict between stakeholder groups. There is increasing recognition that the integration of stakeholder knowledge with formal scientific data can enhance the information available for use in management. This is especially true where scientific understanding is incomplete, as is frequently the case for wide-ranging species, which can be difficult to monitor directly at the landscape scale. Aims. The aim of the research was to incorporate stakeholder knowledge with data derived from formal quantitative models to modify predictions of wildlife distribution and abundance, using wild deer in the UK as an example. Methods. We use selected predictor variables from a deer–vehicle collision model to estimate deer densities at the 10-km square level throughout the East of England. With these predictions as a baseline, we illustrate the use of participatory GIS as a methodological framework for enabling stakeholder participation in the refinement of landscape-scale deer abundance maps. Key results. Stakeholder participation resulted in modifications to modelled abundance patterns for all wild deer species present in the East of England, although the modifications were minor and there was a high degree of consistency among stakeholders in the adjustments made. For muntjac, roe and fallow deer, the majority of stakeholder changes represented an increase in density, suggesting that populations of these species are increasing in the region. Conclusions. Our results show that participatory GIS is a useful technique for enabling stakeholders to contribute to incomplete scientific knowledge, especially where up-to-date species distribution and abundance data are needed to inform wildlife research and management. Implications. The results of the present study will serve as a valuable information base for future research on deer management in the region. The flexibility of the approach makes it applicable to a range of species at different spatial scales and other wildlife conflict issues. These may include the management of invasive species or the conservation of threatened species, where accurate spatial data and enhanced community involvement are necessary in order to facilitate effective management.

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SOHN, JoonHyuk, Motoki SASAKI, Masahiro YASUDA, YoungJun KIM, Nam-Shik SHIN, and Junpei KIMURA. "Immunolocalization of Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Testes of Two Asian Cervids: Water Deer (Hydropotes inermis) and Reeves^|^rsquo; Muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi)." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 75, no. 8 (2013): 1071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.13-0079.

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46

Pollard, E., and A. S. Cooke. "Impact of muntjac deer Muntiacus reevesi on EGG-laying sites of the white admiral butterfly Ladoga camilla in a cambridgeshire wood." Biological Conservation 70, no. 2 (1994): 189–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(94)90287-9.

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47

Hemami, Mahmoud-Reza, A. R. Watkinson, and P. M. Dolman. "Population densities and habitat associations of introduced muntjac Muntiacus reevesi and native roe deer Capreolus capreolus in a lowland pine forest." Forest Ecology and Management 215, no. 1-3 (August 2005): 224–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.013.

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48

Chapman, Norma G., Kathie Claydon, M. Claydon, P. G. Forde, and S. Harris. "Sympatric populations of muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus): a comparative analysis of their ranging behaviour, social organization and activity." Journal of Zoology 229, no. 4 (April 1993): 623–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1993.tb02660.x.

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49

Rehorek, S. J., W. J. Hillenius, J. Sanjur, and N. G. Chapman. "One gland, two lobes: Organogenesis of the “Harderian” and “nictitans” glands of the Chinese muntjac (Muntiacus reevesi) and fallow deer (Dama dama)." Annals of Anatomy - Anatomischer Anzeiger 189, no. 5 (September 2007): 434–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aanat.2006.10.007.

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50

Kawanishi, Kae, Gopalasamy Reuben Clements, Melvin Gumal, Gareth Goldthorpe, Mohd Nawayai Yasak, and Dionysius Shankar Kumar Sharma. "Using BAD for good: how best available data facilitated a precautionary policy change to improve protection of the prey of the tiger Panthera tigris in Malaysia." Oryx 47, no. 3 (July 2013): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605312000294.

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AbstractTiger Panthera tigris populations are under threat from poaching and depletion of their prey populations. The National Tiger Action Plan for Malaysia contains several actions addressing the threat of legal and illegal hunting of tiger prey species. One action in this plan required an investigation of whether urgent policy changes were needed to improve the protection of the prey of tigers, based on existing data. As the lack of reliable baseline data prevented us from determining population trends accurately, we compiled camera-trapping data from 23 studies conducted between 1997 and 2008 on four principal tiger prey species (sambar Rusa unicolor, barking deer Muntiacus muntjac, wild boar Sus scrofa and bearded pig S. barbatus) and two potential prey species (gaur Bos gaurus and Malayan tapir Tapirus indicus) and compared their distributions and relative abundances. From 10,145 wildlife photographs spanning 40,303 trap-nights, sambar, bearded pig and gaur appeared to be most threatened given their restricted distribution and low relative abundance. Among these, the gaur has full legal protection and has received more conservation attention than the other two species. Following our assessment and advocacy a 6-year moratorium on hunting both sambar and barking deer was imposed by the Malaysian government and the highest protection status possible was afforded the bearded pig. This case study illustrates how best available data (BAD), in this case from camera-trapping studies, can be harnessed to effect precautionary policy changes to curb the impacts of hunting on threatened predator and prey populations that could crash well before resources would otherwise be available for rigorous scientific assessments.

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