Статті в журналах: "MULTISTORYED STEEL BUILDING"

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Meena, Rahul Kumar, G. P. Awadhiya, Abhishek Prakash Paswan, and Harshit Kumar Jayant. "Effects of Bracing System on Multistoryed Steel Building." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1128, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 012017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1128/1/012017.

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Prakash, Arya. "Analysis of Multi-Storied Building with Prestressed Beam using ETABS." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VI (June 30, 2021): 5188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36137.

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Concrete is good in compression and weak in tension and the steel is strong in tension. So the use of reinforced concrete to resist compression and to hold bars in position and to the steel resist tension. In India RCC structures are commonly used in residential as well as business buildings. Nowadays the Post Tensioning method is widely used due to its advantages. Post tensioning is a form of prestressing, that means the steel is stressed before the concrete has to support the service loads. In this paper is exposed to the assessment of execution of Reinforced concrete beam (RCC beam) and Post-Tensioning beam (PT beam) multistoried building structure framework with seismic load using ETABS software. And also evaluate the performance of PT beam under different seismic zone (zone I, zone II) evaluate the performance of PT beam under soil type (medium soil) and compare the performance of RCC deep beam and PT beam with multistory building system with seismic loading performance.

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khiratkar, Saurabh S., K. R. Dabhekar, N. H. Pitale, and Isha P. Khedikar. "Wind Analysis of a Multi Storied Structure." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1197, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1197/1/012060.

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Abstract Due to growing population and less availability of land, multistoried buildings are constructed which can serve many people in less area. Purpose of this project is to analysis and designs (G+13) multistory building using E-TABS. Aims are to give proper awareness regarding right design and details of the building. Planning is done using AutoCAD, Designs has involves Load calculations, manually and the Structure is analysis using E-TABS. Codes refer for these projects are NBC IS (456-2000). Concrete mix use is M30. The steel strength for all members is of grade Fe-415 & Fe500. For analyzing the structure, the loads are very important which are calculated using IS (875). The LIMIT STATE METHOD is the method which has been adopted. The manual design is a difficult process and consumes more time. The project purpose is to give the overall experience in the field of planning, design and to gain the knowledge in a practical way.

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Osteraas, J., and H. Krawinkler. "The Mexico Earthquake of September 19, 1985—Behavior of Steel Buildings." Earthquake Spectra 5, no. 1 (February 1989): 51–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585511.

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During the September 19, 1985 earthquake about 60 post-1957 multistory steel buildings in Mexico City were subjected to a severe test. In most cases, the damage in the post-1957 structures was minor to moderate. The notable exception is the Pino Suarez complex in which one 21-story building collapsed onto a 14-story building, and two other 21-story buildings were severely damaged. The behavior of these buildings as well as two other case studies are analyzed. Conclusions are drawn on the ductility demands imposed on steel buildings in Mexico City, utilizing simplified structural models and considering the actual strength of buildings that may be much higher than the code design strength.

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Iqbal, Md Shahid. "Analysis & Designing of Multistorey Building with Steel Plate Shear Wall." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 8 (August 31, 2021): 2111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37750.

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Abstract: Structural design and analysis produces the capability of resisting all the applied loads without failure during its intended life. Lateral loads mainly due to earthquake govern the design of high-rise buildings. The interior structural system or exterior structural system provides the resistance to lateral loads in the structure. The present paper describes the analysis and design of high-rise buildings with Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW) for (G+20) stories. The properties of Steel plate shear wall system include the stiffness for control of structural displacement, ductile failure mechanism and high-energy absorption. The design and analysis of the composite building with steel plate shear wall is carried out using software ETABS. The present study is to carry out the response spectrum analysis of a high-rise composite building by optimizing the thickness of steel plate shear wall and to compare the results of displacement, story drift, overturning moment and story shear. The models are analyzed by Response Spectrum analysis as per IS 1893:2002. All structural members are designed as per IS 456:2002 & IS 800:2007 considering all load combinations. Keywords: Seismic; Composite; Shear Wall; Earthquake; Reinforced concrete.

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Quiel, Spencer, and Shalva Marjanishvili. "Progressive Collapse Mitigation in Multistory Tilt-up Structural Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 698–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.698.

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Low-rise office buildings constitute a large portion of the building inventory that is governed by criteria published by the US government. In recent efforts to save costs, building owners and others in this construction sector have explored the use tilt-up construction for these facilities, which eliminates the perimeter steel framing and integrates the concrete façade into the load bearing structure. According to the criteria, many of these buildings meet the height and occupancy thresholds for which progressive collapse resistant design is required. Two major US government agencies, DoD and GSA, provide methodologies for progressive collapse analysis of common structural systems. However these guidelines include limited guidance for the design of tilt-up construction. This paper outlines a methodology for progressive collapse resistant design of tilt-up structures and discusses the increases in reinforcement needed for a prototype building.

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kumar, Udaya, and Dr Aravind Kumar B. Harwalkar. "Analysis of Retrofitted Cold Formed Steel Multistory Building Frame." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 10, no. 11 (September 30, 2021): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.k9468.09101121.

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The cold formed steel section are increasingly used as a structural elements in low rise buildings in recent times, due to the advantages like economic production, easy transportation, low labor cost and high strength to weight ratio. In the current work a G+3 storied building frame is studied for seismic and wind load using Staad-pro software. Light gauge section is taken for beam and slab elements. The seismic analysis is carried out by Equivalent static method. After analysis the results such as story displacement, story drift, Base shear and time period are compared for different models. The building frame is also analyzed for wind load. In the current work cross bracing using Light gauge element used as a retrofitting technique. The retrofitted building frame is analyzed for wind and seismic loads and results obtained for time period, storey displacement, storey drift and base shear values are compared with the corresponding values of base frame. The results of retrofitted frame showed shortening in time period, storey displacement and story drift values in X&Z directions indicating the increased ductility, Stiffness and strength of structure. Hence the proposed retrofitting technique could be believed to achieve success results in increased strength and ductility values required by wind and seismic loading.

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Tremblay, Robert, Sina Merzouq, Carmen Izvernari, and Krasimira Alexieva. "Application of the equivalent static force procedure for the seismic design of multistorey buildings with vertical mass irregularity." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 3 (June 1, 2005): 561–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-007.

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The seismic forces and deformations obtained from the equivalent static force procedure and the dynamic analysis method proposed for the 2005 National Building Code of Canada are compared for 4-, 8-, 12-, and 16-storey buildings with structural mass irregularity. Setbacks resulting in 200% and 300% mass discontinuities located at 25%, 50%, or 75% of the building height were considered. The buildings are located in Vancouver and Montréal, and lateral loads are resisted by concentrically braced steel frames. The storey shear forces, overturning moments, and storey drifts obtained from static analysis were found to exceed the values determined from dynamic analysis for all irregular structures except at the base of "podium-type" buildings located at the Vancouver site.Key words: mass, static, dynamic, seismic, shear, overturning moment, deflections, braced steel frames.

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Fujii, Kenji, and Momoka Shioda. "Energy-Based Prediction of the Peak and Cumulative Response of a Reinforced Concrete Building with Steel Damper Columns." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020401.

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A steel damper column is an energy-dissipating member that is suitable for reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and multistory housing. To assess the seismic performance of buildings with steel damper columns, the peak displacement of the whole building and the energy dissipation demand of the dampers must be evaluated. This article proposes an energy-based prediction procedure for the peak and cumulative response of an RC frame building with steel damper columns. The proposed procedure considers two energy-related seismic intensity parameters, namely the maximum momentary input energy and the total input energy. The peak displacement is predicted considering the energy balance during a half cycle of the structural response, using the maximum momentary input energy. The energy dissipation demand of the dampers is then predicted considering the energy balance during a whole response cycle using the total input energy. The local responses (e.g., peak drift, maximum plastic rotation of beams, maximum shear strain, and energy dissipation demand of dampers) are predicted using pushover analysis. Numerical analysis results for 8- and 16-story RC buildings show that the proposed prediction method achieves satisfactory accuracy.

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10

Nejati, Faezeh, Mahmood Hosseini, and Amir Mahmoudzadeh. "Design of repairable regular steel buildings with square plan based on seesaw motion of building structure and using DADAS dampers." International Journal of Structural Integrity 8, no. 3 (June 12, 2017): 326–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijsi-07-2016-0025.

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Purpose Almost design code is required for repairability of the buildings after a major earthquake. One such idea is “directed-damage design” (DDD), which means guiding the damage to some pre-decided parts of the structural system. To use the DDD idea for creation of repairable buildings, in this study, a structural system with seesaw motion with respect to a central massive support has been considered for steel buildings with square plan, and the bottom ends of the all circumferential columns at the lowest story have been equipped with double-ADAS (DADAS) dampers, which dissipate a great portion of the seismic input energy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the hysteretic behavior of DADAS dampers by using finite element analysis. At first, a set of regular steel multistory buildings with five stories have been designed based on the conventional code provisions. Then, the structures of the designed buildings have been changed into the structure with seesaw motion by using, at the base level of the building, a massive central column, eliminating other middle columns, and equipping circumferential columns with DADAS dampers. Design/methodology/approach For repairability buildings in the last three mentioned studies a set of orthogonal strong girders, in the form of grid, has been used. In the present study, the number of bays in the considered building is four in both directions. A major modification has been made in the yielding-plate energy dissipating elements of the circumferential columns, which makes their manufacturing and installation much practical as illustrated in the following sections of the paper. Findings In the proposed rocking structural system for regular multistory steel buildings, creation of the possibility of rocking motion has been done by using a space truss resting on a huge central hinge support at base level with a series of circumferential energy dissipating columns at that level. Originality/value One such idea is DDD idea, which means guiding the damage to some pre-decided parts of the structural system.

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11

Kazi, Maruf. "Performance of Wood Steel Hybrid Multistorey Buildings." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 6, no. 5 (May 31, 2018): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2018.5050.

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12

Devi, Kiran, and Subhankar Petal. "A Comparative Study on Seismic Analysis of Multistorey Buildings in Different Seismic Zones." Journal of Smart Buildings and Construction Technology 5, no. 2 (July 1, 2023): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30564/jsbct.v5i2.5673.

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The multi-story buildings are constructed to accommodate numerous residents in confined spaces due to the growing population and lack of available land. The population growth and industrial revolution caused a migration of people from rural to urban areas resulting in the need for the construction of multi-story buildings for both residential and commercial uses. The tall buildings, which are not adequately constructed to resist lateral stresses, result in the total collapse of the structure. Buildings that can withstand earthquake forces are created by considering different criteria such as the building’s inherent frequency, damping factor, kind of base, significance of the building and ductility of the structure. Because they have better moment distribution properties, structures designed for ductility need to be designed for lower lateral loads. To ensure safety against the seismic stresses of multi-story buildings, it is essential to understand seismic analysis in order to develop earthquake-resistant structures. Both a regular moment resisting frame and a special moment-resisting frame were taken into account for the seismic study. In the present study, a G + 8 storey reinforced concrete (RC) structure in three different seismic zones was compared in terms of percentage longitudinal steel, reinforcement details, and design base shear. The structure was examined for seismic zones III, IV, and V in accordance with the guidelines of IS 1893 (Part 1): 2016. Results showed that base shear increased with the change in the seismic zone from III to V.

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13

Harju, Charlotta, and Katja Lähtinen. "Consumers' Consciousness for Sustainable Consumption and Their Perceptions of Wooden Building Product Quality." Forest Products Journal 72, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 155–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-22-00014.

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Abstract Wood products are seen globally as an important solution to substitute nonrenewable materials in the construction sector to enhance the life cycle sustainability of buildings. Globally, the most prominent opportunities for sustainability change in housing production lie in multistory residential buildings, which are built mainly of concrete, steel, and bricks. The possibilities of achieving multiple benefits from the use of wood in multistory residential buildings have gained interest among scholars, especially in the 2000s. However, the research has been dominated by views of production (especially construction processes), while scientific knowledge of consumption (especially the occupational phase of buildings) remains very limited. Information about how consumers with differing views of sustainable consumption evaluate the quality of wooden building materials particularly is scarce. This study aimed to investigate consumer perceptions of wooden building product quality and examine how the perceptions connect with consumers' consciousness for sustainable consumption (CSC). The research data were gathered in 2018 by a postal survey sent to 1,000 people living in Finland (response rate 25.6%) and analyzed with exploratory factor analysis and the Mann-Whitney U test. According to the results, respondents' views of wooden building product quality indicators can be grouped into three factors: technical advantages, environmental sustainability of materials, and social benefits at home. The strength of CSC was found to be linked with respondents' views of wooden building product quality. The results of consumers' CSC views help actors involved in the wood and construction industries better meet consumer expectations both for different aspects of sustainability and for lifestyles.

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Bhat, Akeel Firdos, and Er Vikas Kumar. "Comparative Study on Deflection of a Multistoried Building with Shear Wall and Core Wall." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 3743–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43212.

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Abstract: To ensure the seismic effectiveness of highrise buildings different systems of lateral restraints are provided e.g., bracings, shear walls, core walls etc. In the present study, deflection of various joints, storeys & also the drifts have been gone through. For this purpose, 3 different models of multi-storeyed buildings were prepared consisting of a G+6 building with shear wall at the centre of edges on exterior walls, G+6 building with a core wall & G+8 building with a core wall were prepared using an integrated building designing software known as ETABS- 2016 (student version). A 3-bay building was modelled using M30 concrete mix and reinforcing steel bars of HYSD 415 for beams, columns, slabs as well as shear walls. After this pier labels were assigned to the shear walls. A variety of load cases like joint loads, dead loads, live loads, wind load in x-direction for terrain category 4, earthquake loads in x & y directions for zone II along with their combinations were assigned. The respective diaphragms were assigned to the three models & analysis was carried out at the end. The table of results was obtained and the deflection analysis was carried out to compare the relative effectiveness of shear walls & core walls at different locations of the multi-storeyed building. The codes taken into consideration during the progress of work were IS 456:2000 for plain and reinforced concrete, IS 875:2015 (Part 1) for wind loads & IS 1893:2002 for earthquake loads. Keywords: Earthquakes, Shear wall, Core wall, Lateral deflection.

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Sravya, G. Jyothi, and A. Manchalwar. "Comparison of Seismic isolation with isolator and Soil structure Interaction U-shaped metallic isolator and Soil structure Interaction." E3S Web of Conferences 184 (2020): 01097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018401097.

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Soil condition is an important research area in earthquake engineering. In this work we evaluated the impact of soil-structure interaction (SSI) and U-shaped steel damper on the isolated response of the building base. Different soils for a seismic performance of multistory buildings are systematically compared and discussed. The soil’s physical state is divided into; hard soil, medium soil, and soft soil. It was compared with the U-shaped steel damper and there is noticeable difference between them. This study concludes that the use of steel damper shaped and SSI has been effective in minimizing structural response. It was observed that interaction of the soil structure provides some flexibility to the structure by increasing the structure’s displacements. Modeling base isolation along with consideration of soil structure interaction therefore leads to better structural response prediction.

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Tremblay, R., B. Côté та P. Léger. "An evaluation ofP-Δ amplification factors in multistorey steel moment resisting frames". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 26, № 5 (1 жовтня 1999): 535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-015.

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Three different amplification factors that have been proposed to account for P-Δ effects in the seismic design of multistorey building structures are described and compared. Nonlinear dynamic analyses of a typical 20-storey steel moment resisting frame are carried out under earthquake ground motions typical of eastern and western Canada to evaluate the gravity load effects and to assess the effectiveness of each type of amplification factor in accounting for these effects. All three approaches maintain the ductility demand within the level computed without P-Δ effects, but lateral deformations are generally larger than those obtained neglecting the gravity loads. Nonlinear dynamic analyses are also performed on a shear-beam (stick) model of the same building to examine the possibility of using such simple models for studying the dynamic stability of buildings subjected to ground motions. The shear-beam model does not predict adequately the seismic behaviour of steel moment resisting frames for which P-Δ effects are significant.Key words: ductility, earthquake, ground motion, lateral deformation, moment resisting frame, P-Δ effects, push-over analysis, seismic, shear-beam model, stability coefficient, amplification factor.

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17

Liu, Fang, Xiuli Wang, Bin Cai, Xuguang Li, and Liqi Yang. "Mechanical Performance Analysis of Steel Beam-Column Joints in Fabricated Multirise Steel Structures after Fire." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (June 14, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7425801.

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This study aims to analyze the mechanical properties of fabricated multistory and high-rise steel structures and steel beam-column joints after fire. Considering that the steel structure building has the characteristics of good seismic resistance, flexible structural layout, short construction period, and good safety, first, the thermal and mechanical properties of steel are analyzed. They are thermal conductivity, the thermal expansion coefficient of steel, yield strength, and elastic modulus of ordinary steel. Next, the thermal conduction principle of steel under fire environment is analyzed, including thermal conduction, thermal convection, and thermal radiation. Then, the three-story and three-span reinforced concrete is selected as the experimental object. The local frame calculation model is established through the finite element software Abaqus. It is found that when the axial compression ratio is 1.0 and the fire time of the steel body is 180 min, the vertical deformation speed of the middle column and side column of the frame will increase rapidly. Besides, the bending moment at the bottom of the side column of the frame will increase inversely. The change is not obvious when the axial compression ratio is other values. The axial deformation of the universal beam is obvious under the condition of different fire load ratios. When the load ratio increases, the maximum fire resistance of the universal beam will decrease rapidly. Meanwhile, when the steel body is subjected to the same load ratio, different bearing capacity β has little effect on the fire resistance limit of the steel body. This thesis focuses on a series of changes in the steel of fabricated multistory and high-rise steel buildings after the fire, hoping to provide a reference for the relevant teams of steel construction and make the future housing construction safer.

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18

Bozzo, E., and L. Gambarotta. "Inelastic analysis of steel frames for multistory buildings." Computers & Structures 20, no. 4 (January 1985): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(85)90031-8.

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Shamaeva, T. V., and E. S. Zinkevich. "Architecture of medium- and multistoried residential buildings with steel framework." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 944 (October 30, 2020): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/944/1/012033.

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Markogiannaki, Olga, and Ioannis Tegos. "Strengthening of a Multistory R/C Building under Lateral Loading by Utilizing Ties." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.559.

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The scope of the study is to examine of the possibility of applying steel ties, which can consist of common steel wires, as means to restrain the seismic displacements of buildings structural systems. The method seems to be competitive to the conventional ones, since fewer disturbances are created during the retrofitting works, i.e. the installation of ties as compared to the conventional strengthening methods. The method also proved to be more economic than the conventional method of constructing and infilling concrete walls in the vulnerable structural system. Initially, the efficiency of the ties was studied in multistory building models, such as frame, combined frame-wall and combined frame-wall without beams. Based on the results of the analytical study, the method was applied on a 5 storey existing and seismically deficient building. More specifically, the long side of the building was chosen for the method’s application. The last choice was deemed more preferable due to the fact that it has no openings which allowed the easy application of straight ties. The one end of the ties is anchored in the concrete slab of the upper stories, while the other end on the basement’s upper concrete slab. Although the seismic demand was higher for the implemented solution of the steel wires due to multiple loading, caused by the low value of the seismic performance coefficient equal to 1.5, an adequate level of earthquake resistance was achieved. The results of the case study confirmed the applicability of the proposed method. It should be underlined that the ties method looks promising in the field of structures retrofitting and could be studied analytically in campaigns, either independently or in combination with the conventional in concrete shear wall method.

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Huang, Ji Zhuo, and Zhan Wang. "Topology Optimization of Bracing Systems for Multistory Steel Frames under Earthquake Loads." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 2388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.2388.

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Application of continuum structural topology optimization methods to the layout design of bracing systems for multistory steel frame buildings under earthquake loads is explored in this work. A weighted average strain energy sensitivity of element is formulated to be served as the element removal criterion in the optimization process, and then an ESO-based continuum structural topology optimization method for the layout design of multistory steel frame bracing systems subjected to earthquake-induced ground motions is presented. In each iterative design, an approximate reanalysis technique named CA method is adopted to reduce the computational effort. Finally, a design example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the presented optimization method for the optimal layout design of steel frame bracing systems under earthquake loads.

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Bandyopadhyay, T. K., and Debashis Datta. "Steel-Concrete Composite Multistorey Buildings – Sustainable & Durable Option." IABSE Symposium Report 89, no. 1 (January 1, 2005): 259–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/222137805796271684.

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Dahal, Sunita, and Rajan Suwal. "Seismic Behavior Analysis of Composite Buildings with Respect to RCC Buildings." Journal of the Institute of Engineering 15, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jie.v15i1.27705.

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Steel concrete composite construction has gained wide acceptance worldwide as an alternative to pure steel and pure concrete construction. The use of steel in construction industry is very low in Nepal compared to many developing countries. There is a great potential for increasing the volume of steel in construction, especially in the current development needs. Not using steel as an alternative construction material and not using it where it is economical is a heavy loss for the country. Use of composite material is of particular interest, due to its significant potential in improving the overall performance through rather modest changes in manufacturing and constructional technologies. Steel concrete composite construction means the concrete slab is connected to the composite beam with the help of shear connectors so that they act as a single unit. In the present work, steel concrete composite (both full and half composite) with RCC options are considered for comparative study of seismic behavior of 10 multistoried commercial buildings (4-storied, 5-storied, 6-storied, 7-storied, 8-storied, 9-storied, 10-storied, 12-storied, 16-storied and 20-storied which is situated in earthquake zone V and for earthquake loading, the provisions of IS:1893 (Part1)-2002 is considered. For modeling of composite and RCC structures, SAP2000 software is used. Steel-concrete composite construction system is an efficient, economical and innovative method for seismic resistance of multi storied buildings. Equivalent static method of seismic analysis is used in the analysis of models. Comparison of parameters like time period, axial force, shear force, bending moment, deflection, storey drifts, base shear, storey stiffness is done for full composite (beam-column both composite), half composite (column composite) and RCC structures. The results are compared and found that composite structure is better in several aspects.

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Tavoussi, Kamyar, Alireza Fadai, Felipe Riola-Parada, and Wolfgang Winter. "Development of Prefabricated Timber-Steel-Concrete Ribbed Decks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.21.

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In the last years several projects of medium and high-rise timber-based multi-story buildings have been proposed and developed. In most of the cases timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors play a significant role for the design of the structural slabs due to acoustic performance, fire protection and structural issues. Within several research projects and with the aim to optimize the structural and ecological characteristics of building components the Department of Structural Design and Timber Engineering (ITI) at the Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien) developed timber-steel hybrid beams that can be used independently or combined with concrete floors, proposing for this last case prefabricated and semi-prefabricated timber-steel-concrete ribbed elements that make the most of all this potential.In order to recognize the potential for future market implementation and to demonstrate the competiveness of the developed hybrid ribbed floor slabs, the economic feasibility and the ecological impact, structural elements were analyzed in several case studies. The environmental assessment shows the ecological advantages of the developed concepts and underlines the potential for further developments. This paper contains an introduction on the state-of-the-art floor solutions for timber-based multistory buildings, the fundamental ideas and design concepts behind the timber-steel and timber-steel-concrete proposals as well as a short review of the tests carried until now and results obtained.

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mohiuddin, Syed Mohammed, Mohammed moiz, Mohammed khaja moinuddin, and Mohammed Tosif Ahmed. "DYNAMIC ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF MULTISTOREYED R.C STRUCTURAL FRAME WITH PILE FOUNDATION." International Journal of Innovative Research in Advanced Engineering 8, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.26562/ijirae.2021.v0806.001.

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The structure is presumed to be situated in seismic Zones II and V. The mathematical building model (F.E.M Model) of Whole building has been modelled in ETABS 16.2 All the beams and columns are modelled as frame elements. All the slabs are modelled as thin shell elements. To ascertain the seismic load on each floor level of whole structure two types of seismic analysis procedure have been considered as per IS1893-2002 and 2016. Equivalent static approach (linear Static method) and Response spectrum method (Linear Dynamic Method). Parameters considered to understand the seismic response of the multi-storeyed buildings are, Modal Mass participation factor, Modal time period, Lateral displacement, Storey drift, Storey shear of the structure. The whole structural systems are strengthen with vertical shear walls. SAFE (Slab analysis by Finite Element Method) is a software essentially made for analyse and designs of the slabs, since Pile Raft is also a slab therefore SAFE is the ultimate tool for it. Pile Caps have modelled as Slab with Thick plate Action, for base reactions Link between ETABS and SAFE have been used. The parameters consider for finalise the designs of piles and pile caps are, vertical settlement, Punching Shear stress under columns and shear walls and for piles as well. Flexural reinforcements are tabulated in both Longitudinal and transvers direction for the both the faces i.e. Top face and bottom. After all the study a comparison is made between the structure situated in Zone II and Zone V We had observed that when the seismic zones changes and the intensity of seismic forces increases, the design of foundation considerably changes and there is tremendous amount of increase in steel.

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Gajbhiye, Akshay. "Comparative Study of RC Multistorey Building with Floating Column and Shear Wall Subjected To Seismic Load." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38011.

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Abstract : In modern multistorey building construction, irregularities like the soft storey, vertical and plan irregularities, floating columns etc are very common. Building with an open ground storey for parking is a common feature that results in floating columns. Floating columns provide column free space and a good aesthetic architectural view of the building. floating column means the end of any vertical element that rests on the beam which leads to discontinuity of columns such that the path of load distribution in multi-storey buildings is disturbed. The use of a floating column also tends to increase the moment in the column, storey shear etc which highly undesirable in seismically active areas. So, the study of the best location where the floating column needs to be provided to reduce the impact due to seismic loads is of primordial importance. Shear wall is a vertical member which is provided from foundation to top storey. In this study shear wall is used in the direction of orientation so that it provides additional strength and stiffness to the buildings. In the present analysis, 8 models are studied. The first model considers a multi-storeyed building without any shear wall and floating column. Other models analysed are with shear wall and by varying the location of floating columns. The analysis and design are done by STAAD.pro V8i SS6 version software and the method used is response spectrum analysis in earthquake zone 4. The effect of floating column location on parameters such as Base shear, Displacement, Maximum moment, storey shear and percentage of steel reinforcement are discussed. The comparison of results of different models is also carried out in detail using graphs and bar charts in this study. The suitable location for providing a floating column with the shear wall is also discussed. Keywords: Floating column, Shear wall, Seismic load, STAAD.pro.v8i, Response Spectrum Analysis.

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N., Parthasarathi, Satyanarayanan K.S., Prakash M., and Thamilarasu V. "Linear and non-linear analysis on two-dimensional steel frame under different temperatures." Journal of Structural Fire Engineering 10, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 48–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsfe-12-2017-0047.

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Purpose Progressive collapse because of high temperatures arising from an explosion, vehicle impact or fire is an important issue for structural failure in high-rise buildings. Design/methodology/approach The present study, using ABAQUS software for the analysis, investigated the progressive collapse of a two-dimensional, three-bay, four-storey steel frame structure from high-temperature stresses. Findings After structure reaches the temperature results like displacement, stress axial load and shear force are discussed. Research limitations/implications Different temperatures were applied to the columns at different heights of a structure framed with various materials. Progressive collapse load combinations were also applied as per general service administration guidelines. Originality/value This study covered both steady-state and transient-state conditions of a multistorey-frame building subjected to a rise in temperature in the corner columns and intermediate columns. The columns in the framed structure were subjected to high temperatures at different heights, and the resulting displacements, stresses and axial loads were obtained, analysed and discussed.

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Farajian, Mostafa, Pejman Sharafi, Ali Bigdeli, Hadi Eslamnia, and Payam Rahnamayiezekavat. "Experimental Study on the Natural Dynamic Characteristics of Steel-Framed Modular Structures." Buildings 12, no. 5 (May 2, 2022): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12050587.

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Corner-supported modular structures are made of repetitive prefurnished, prefinished modular units, which are fabricated in a factory and transported to the site of a building to form a permanent building block. The modular units are then tied together through the use of so-called inter-modular connections, or inter-connections, which form a different configuration at joints compared to conventional steel structures. The presence of inter-connections in these structures, in addition to beam-to-column connections or intra-connections, may change their dynamic characteristics, including natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios. This paper aims to investigate the dynamic characteristics of a modular building through the use of operational modal analysis (OMA). A half-scaled three-storey modular structure, designed and instrumented with highly sensitive accelerometers, was experimentally tested under pure and randomly generated vibrations. The time history of the response acceleration of the structure was recorded using a data acquisition system. Different output-only techniques of OMA, based on both frequency and time domains, were employed to analyse the recorded response acceleration of the structure and extract the natural frequencies, mode shapes, and damping ratios. These techniques are peak picking (PP), enhanced frequency-domain decomposition (EFDD), and stochastic subspace identification (SSI). The outcomes in this paper can be used for further research on the development of an experimental formula for the design of multistorey modular buildings against lateral loads.

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Goswami, Nandona. "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF SHEAR WALL AND BRACING ON MULTISTORIED BUILDING." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2022.v07i02.020.

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High rise structures are susceptible to failure and collapse in case of earthquakes. Now a days, shear wall and steel bracings are most popular systems to resist lateral loads due to earthquakes. Both the systems have significant roles in reducing the damage caused due to lateral loads in case of an earthquake. In this study, an attempt has been made to study the performance of a G+9 story building with shear wall and bracing in seismic zone V and comparison has been made between the two systems to find the most suitable earthquake resistant structure. Response Spectrum Analysis has been performed in the software ETABS. The performance is evaluated on the basis of story displacement and story drift.

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Alekseytsev, Anatoly Victorovich. "Ensuring the Safety of Steel Moment Frames Subjected to Uncertain Impacts." Buildings 13, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13082038.

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The article addresses the problem of safety evaluation of steel moment frames of civil buildings, e.g., warehouses, shops, garages, and multistory industrial buildings on deformable soil in the relevant case of an emergency impact. The case of accidental emergency impacts is considered when such parameters as the point, direction, and intensity of an impact cannot be predetermined. Such impacts are not expected to trigger the progressive collapse of currently implemented design solutions and the whole structure must maintain the property of survivability. To evaluate this property, several calculations are to be made in the quasi-static statement to identify the stress–strain state under the most dangerous accidental impacts. Further, final calculations are to be made in the dynamic statement. In this case, the problem of search is solved using the criterion of minimizing the integral safety margin of structural elements in a steel moment frame design. Calculations prevent the frame stability loss. The calculation is performed in the quasi-static statement using models made in compliance with the deformation theory of plasticity, while the calculation in the dynamic statement takes into account the associated plastic flow rule. The proposed procedures allow for designing steel moment frames that are resistant to accidental emergency impacts. Impact loading is analysed as pulse loading, which is statically equivalent to the dynamic effect of an inelastic impact of a stiff body on a structural system. The design and the efficiency evaluation of a steel moment frame of a two-story building are considered.

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Shirsath, Siddhant D., and Dr V. R. Rathi. "Analysis and Design of Steel Concrete Composite Structure and Its Comparison with RCC Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 767–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43898.

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Abstract: Composite Structure is quickly gaining acceptance in India's non-residential multi-story building sector. The reason for considering composite construction is simple: Steel is best in tension and concrete is best in compression. Combining these two materials strengthens their structural properties, which can be used to create a highly effective and lightweight design. Steelconcrete composite building systems are formed by connecting the steel beams to the profiled deck slab using shear connectors so that they function as a single unit, and for columns steel section is encased in concrete. In this present work, comparative study of G+15 R.C.C and composite multistorey commercial building located in Earthquake zone IV is Considered by Equivalent Static Method of Analysis. ETABS 2018 Software is used for modelling of both the structure. Storey Displacement, Storey Drift, Storey Shear, Self weight, Axial force, Bending moment and Shear force are considered as parameters. When the results are compared, it is observed that the Composite structure is superior in every aspect. Keywords: Composite Structure, Composite Column, Composite beam, Deck slab, Shear connectors, Equivalent Static Analysis, ETABS 2018

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Fujii, Kenji. "Peak and Cumulative Response of Reinforced Concrete Frames with Steel Damper Columns under Seismic Sequences." Buildings 12, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 275. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030275.

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The steel damper column is an energy-dissipating member that is suitable for reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and those used for multistory housing in particular. However, the effectiveness of steel damper columns may be affected by the behavior of surrounding members, and this effect can be severe in the case of seismic sequences. This article investigates the nonlinear response of building models with an RC moment-resisting frame (MRF) with and without steel damper columns under seismic sequences. The applicability of the concept of the momentary energy input to the prediction of the peak response of RC MRFs with damper columns under seismic sequences is also investigated. The main findings of the study are summarized as follows. (1) The peak response of RC MRFs with damper columns subjected to sequential accelerations is similar to the peak response obtained considering only the mainshock, whereas the cumulative strain energy of RC MRFs accumulates more for sequential accelerations. (2) The steel damper column is effective in reducing the peak and cumulative responses of RC MRFs in the case of sequential seismic input. (3) The relation of the hysteretic dissipated energy during a half cycle of the structural response and the peak displacement of the first modal response can be properly evaluated using the simple model proposed in this study.

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Srivastava, Sharad, and Dinesh Narain Srivastava. "Comparative Analysis of Multistorey RCC and Semi-Rigid Steel Frame with Cross Bracings Subjected to Mainshock and Aftershock Earthquake Sequence." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1273, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1273/1/012011.

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Abstract Strong Ground Motions have a significant impact on structural analysis and design. Seismic evaluation is deemed necessary for the quality, reliability, and feasibility of existing and developing structures. Earthquakes are even more disastrous when a mainshock is succeeded and preceded by aftershocks of higher magnitude. Most of the time, these aftershocks are ignored during analysis. In the last few decades, steel buildings have been crucial to the construction sector. On the other hand, RCC frames are commonly designed structures for commercial purposes and cost-effectiveness. IS 1893 (Part:1)-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures and IS 13920-2016 Ductile Detailing of RC Structures Subjected to Seismic Reactions are majorly used for Seismic Analysis. Steel bracings in the structural system increase the ductility and stiffness of the frame structure. That can be arranged in a variety of ways, such as X, diagonally, alternatively, V, inverted V, K, etc. Cross bracings are used in this paper for the design of a typical multi-story (G+9) semi-rigid steel frame and a typical RCC frame is designed of the same dimensions. Both the frames are modelled and compared using ETABS software and a static nonlinear Time History analysis is executed to examine the performance of both the frames under the Mainshock and Aftershock of Chamoli earthquake. The Mainshock and Aftershock results of the Chamoli earthquake are extracted from the Centre for Engineering Strong Motion Research Ground Motion Database. Base shear, joint displacement, kinetic energy, and story displacement are a few of the variables of Time History Analysis that affect how well a building performs during mainshock and aftershock earthquakes. When analysing the outcomes, it is important to take into account that each of these factors significantly affects how a building responds to seismic loads.

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Pham, Thanh Binh, and Ngoc Quang Vu. "Effectiveness of fluid viscous damper for steel frame building subjected to earthquake load." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 03015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126303015.

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Since the appearance of the first modern multistories buildings, besides the demand of ensuring the bearing capacity, one of the urgent problems facing the engineer is to do how to design structure to ensure the requirements of normal use such as displacement, motion acceleration within permissible limits. There exist many methods to reduce these response of structure under lateral load. Among these, using fluid viscous damper (FVD) is one of the most applied equipment because of its simplicity. This paper presents the examination of eight-story steel frame structure subjected to seismic load. The FVD system is defined in Etabs with link properties. In each story, four dampers are located in each direction of plan, with two on each side of the center of stiffness of the story. The time history analysis was conducted to study the structure subjected to seimic load collected from the function library of program Etabs. The effect of FVD system was determined by the dynamic response of the building and displacement indexes such as maximum displacement of roof, story drift ratio. The results show that, all the dynamic response characters of structure were decreased significantly when providing the FVD to it.

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Alshannag, M. J., and M. Higazey. "Condition assessment and renovation of an aged precast reinforced concrete multi-storey building." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1026, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1026/1/012016.

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Abstract This paper assesses the condition of a 45 years old precast reinforced concrete multistorey building and proposes innovative repair techniques for extending its service life. The residential building investigated consists of six floors, and each floor consists of 4 apartments with a total floor area of 900 m2. Initially, visual inspection was conducted to identify the extent of deterioration in all parts of the building, followed by field non-destructive and destructive tests to determine the root causes of the damage. Moreover, analytical tools such as ETABS and SAFE design softwares were used by applying the same loading assumptions and material properties given by the designer, to check the compliance of the building with the safety requirements specified in ACI 318-14/SBC 304-18 building codes. The field and laboratory checks confirmed the occurrence of considerable degree of deterioration in some elements of the building due to reinforcement corrosion, alkali silica reaction (ASR), salt–scaling and leaching. The analytical checks revealed excessive deflections, due to a design error. Several advanced repair techniques including carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheets (CFRP), and steel jackets were implemented to restore the structural load carrying capacity of the columns and beams that suffered extensive deterioration. The excessive deflections were reduced below the code limit by supporting the deflected slabs using wide flanged I-section steel beams. Moreover, the Repair strategy proposed included, removal of the deteriorated concrete, coating the exposed steel bars with a protective anti-corrosive coating, and cathodic protection of the steel bars followed by injecting high strength cementitious grout.

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Uy, Brian. "Concrete-filled fabricated steel box columns for multistorey buildings: behaviour and design." Progress in Structural Engineering and Materials 1, no. 2 (January 1998): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pse.2260010207.

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Gholizadeh, Nima, and Feng Fu. "Seismic Behaviour of Multistorey Steel Framed Tall Buildings Using Intentionally Eccentric Braces." Shock and Vibration 2023 (June 21, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/7288450.

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Braces with intentional eccentricity (BIE) are recently proposed to improve the seismic behaviour of conventional buckling braces (CBBs) by inserting intentional eccentricity along the brace length. Due to this eccentricity and the resultant bending moment, the BIE bends uniformly from small storey drifts and moves smoothly into the postbuckling behaviour under compression and sustains trilinear behaviour under tension. This behaviour delays the appearance of midlength local buckling which causes unstable energy dissipation. BIEs have a desirable postyielding stiffness which results in stable energy dissipation during cyclic loading and are capable of dissipating energy during low-intensity earthquakes. The seismic behaviour of structures with BIEs for use in buildings has not yet been investigated, specifically in tall buildings. Therefore, this study concentrates on investigating the seismic behaviour of tall buildings equipped with BIEs that uses a 3-dimensional (3D) finite element model in ETABS. In the first step, a 20-storey structure is designed using both eccentric brace frame (EBF) and BIE system and their seismic performance under the TABAS earthquake record is compared. In the second step, the seismic performance of a 25-storey irregular structure is assessed to evaluate the efficiency of the BIE system in irregular structures. Results show the desirable performance and energy dissipation capacity of the BIE system but it also shows large out-of-plane deformation in some cases.

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Dheeraj, Kumar Singh, Chandra Arora Harish, and Shobharam. "Seismic evaluation and rehabilitation of G+1 corroded RC building." i-manager's Journal on Structural Engineering 11, no. 1 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jste.11.1.18651.

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Reinforcing steel corrosion is one of the major cause of degradation in Reinforced Concrete (RC) construction. Corrosion is caused by the processes of carbonation and chloride attack, which results in a reduction in the structural performance of structures over time. The time-dependent corrosion process has an impact on structure safety and serviceability, and it can even lead to progressive failure. Corrosion causes reinforcing bar diameter reductions, concrete fissures, concrete cover expulsion, concrete and steel strength reductions, and the breakdown of the link between the concrete and imbedded steel. When it comes to multistory concrete buildings, corrosion is a considerably bigger issue in terms of seismic performance. As a result, accurately assessing and establishing the current corrosion degree of structural parts, as well as evaluating the local and global seismic capacity of existing corroded RC buildings, has been a major challenge around the world. The current study used a methodology in which revised properties were applied for seismic evaluation and establishing the correct restoration scheme for existing two-story RC framed buildings based on non-destructive and destructive material site as well as laboratory testing. The findings of linear seismic analysis and non-linear static pushover analysis for sound, corroded, and retrofitted buildings have been compared and analyzed and a new corrosion evaluation model is being proposed based on NDT (Non-Destructive Testing) and other established analytical models.

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Singh, Anamika, Rajeev Singh Parihar, Abhay Kumar Jha, Barun Kumar, and Rajesh Misra. "Seismic Analysis for Zone III, IV, V of (G+14) Multistorey Building with Bracings System Using Staad Pro Software." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (December 31, 2022): 1968–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.48391.

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Abstract: This present study focuses G +14 Simple Building model In STAAD PRO software. With beam size 300 X 400 mm and column size 400 X 500 mm this reinforced concrete building having M30 grade of Concrete and Fe415 high density steel. To study the response of building with and without bracing system. The performance of the building is analyzed in Zone III, Zone IV, Zone V. Metallic braces is the easiest of simplest way of reducing response of building which gave rise to nine models for the analysis.Model1 in -BFB- Bare frame RCC Building.Model2 in -BX1-Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along X-direction.Model3 in -BY2- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along Y-direction.Model4 in -BXY3- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side along X and Y-direction.Model5 in-BEC4- Framed building with Bracing at the exterior side around the corners. This system of bracing is used because eccentric bracing systems consist of a link element that undergoes inelastic deformation for energy dissipation. This link is possibly beam element of frame structure which is more suitable for steel structures and not for reinforced concrete structures and a shear wall is a structural panel that can withstand the impact of lateral forces on it. Lateral forces are those parallel to the wall plane and are usually wind loads and seismic loads. This building has been modeled as 3D Space frame model with six degree of freedom at each node using STAAD PRO. software for stimulation of behavior under gravity and seismic loading.

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Al-Yassri, Labeeb, Alaa Al-Khekani, and Munaf Al-Ramahee. "Experimental investigations on concrete beams reinforced with equivalent service steel pipe." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 30, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 16–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2021.30.1.2.

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Different techniques were employed for the passage of different utilities through structural elements. The reduction of the overall building weight was the main concern that needs to be achieved, especially for a multistory building. It can be done with the eliminating of a suspended ceiling with a portion of the beam’s weight by taking the advantages of the hollow sections. In this study, an equivalent reinforcement to the traditional ribbed reinforcement was employed to fabricate a reinforced concrete (RC) beam with a hollow section along the length of the beam. A steel pipe was used based on the equivalent moment from section analysis. Two diameters were selected of steel pipes as an equivalent to the commercial reinforcement. A total of four RC beams were cast and tested, two of them with traditional reinforcement and the other with steel pipe reinforcement. The comparison showed a promising result in terms of ductility, cracking pattern, ultimate strength, and mode of failure compared to the reference beam. The peak loads for the specimens with steel pipe were 160.6 kN and 184 kN, while they were 192 kN and 203.5 kN for the beams with traditional reinforcement.

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Park, Hyo Seon, Eunmi Kwon, Yousok Kim, and Se Woon Choi. "Resizing Technique-Based Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Optimal Drift Design of Multistory Steel Frame Buildings." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/237131.

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Since genetic algorithm-based optimization methods are computationally expensive for practical use in the field of structural optimization, a resizing technique-based hybrid genetic algorithm for the drift design of multistory steel frame buildings is proposed to increase the convergence speed of genetic algorithms. To reduce the number of structural analyses required for the convergence, a genetic algorithm is combined with a resizing technique that is an efficient optimal technique to control the drift of buildings without the repetitive structural analysis. The resizing technique-based hybrid genetic algorithm proposed in this paper is applied to the minimum weight design of three steel frame buildings. To evaluate the performance of the algorithm, optimum weights, computational times, and generation numbers from the proposed algorithm are compared with those from a genetic algorithm. Based on the comparisons, it is concluded that the hybrid genetic algorithm shows clear improvements in convergence properties.

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Hart, Jim, Bernardino D'Amico, and Francesco Pomponi. "Whole‐life embodied carbon in multistory buildings: Steel, concrete and timber structures." Journal of Industrial Ecology 25, no. 2 (April 2021): 403–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jiec.13139.

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Tremblay, Robert, M. Lacerte, and C. Christopoulos. "Seismic Response of Multistory Buildings with Self-Centering Energy Dissipative Steel Braces." Journal of Structural Engineering 134, no. 1 (January 2008): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2008)134:1(108).

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Zhao, Baoyun, Xiaoping Wang, Mijia Yang, Dongyan Liu, DongSheng Liu, and Shuguo Sun. "Experimental Study on Static Load of Large-Diameter Piles in Nonuniform Gravel Soil." Advances in Civil Engineering 2020 (July 11, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6291826.

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With the development of tourism, the number of multistorey buildings in mountain areas is increasing gradually, and the requirements of the form and bearing capacity of foundation in landslide areas are getting more demanding than ever. In-situ testing of rock and soil mass in slope area has important practical significance for improving the stability of building foundation. Taking a project in Baishi Mountain located in southwest of China as an example, firstly, the geological structure and mechanical properties of soil are analyzed. Then, two types of pile foundations, i.e., empty-bottom pile foundations and solid-bottom pile foundations, are designed based on the characteristics of the geological structure for carrying out the static load test on pile foundation. The test results are as follows: (a) the load settlement curve (Q-S) of the empty-bottom test pile shows a steep drop, while the Q-S curve of the solid-bottom test pile shows a gradual change, showing that the end-bearing friction pile’s property and the ultimate bearing capacity of the solid-bottom pile are higher than those of the empty-bottom pile. (b) The maximum lateral friction of the four test piles is 139.158 kPa, 148.015 kPa, 150.828 kPa, and 154.956 kPa, respectively. (c) The shaft skin resistance under ultimate load is coming close to the maximum value, and the maximum values are 9.792 mm, 7.939 mm, 9.881 mm, and 14.97 mm, respectively. Research results can serve as design bases for the pile foundation of multistorey buildings located in landslide areas of Baishi Mountain in the southwest of China and also as references for the engineering application of pile foundation in similar geological fracture areas.

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Felmer, Gabriel, Rodrigo Morales-Vera, Rodrigo Astroza, Ignacio González, Maureen Puettmann, and Mark Wishnie. "A Lifecycle Assessment of a Low-Energy Mass-Timber Building and Mainstream Concrete Alternative in Central Chile." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 1249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031249.

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While high-rise mass-timber construction is booming worldwide as a more sustainable alternative to mainstream cement and steel, in South America, there are still many gaps to overcome regarding sourcing, design, and environmental performance. The aim of this study was to assess the carbon emission footprint of using mass-timber products to build a mid-rise low-energy residential building in central Chile (CCL). The design presented at a solar decathlon contest in Santiago was assessed through lifecycle analysis (LCA) and compared to an equivalent mainstream concrete building. Greenhouse gas emissions, expressed as global warming potential (GWP), from cradle-to-usage over a 50-year life span, were lower for the timber design, with 131 kg CO2 eq/m2 of floor area (compared to 353 kg CO2 eq/m2) and a biogenic carbon storage of 447 tons of CO2 eq/m2 based on sustainable forestry practices. From cradle-to-construction, the embodied emissions of the mass-timber building were 42% lower (101 kg CO2 eq/m2) than those of the equivalent concrete building (167 kg CO2 eq/m2). The embodied energy of the mass-timber building was 37% higher than that of its equivalent concrete building and its envelope design helped reduce space-conditioning emissions by as much as 83%, from 187 kg CO2 eq/m2 as estimated for the equivalent concrete building to 31 kg CO2 eq/m2 50-yr. Overall, provided that further efforts are made to address residual energy end-uses and end-of-life waste management options, the use of mass-timber products offers a promising potential in CCL for delivering zero carbon residential multistory buildings.

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Chi, Pei, and Wenlong Tian. "Seismic behavior of the multistory steel-braced building with self-centering tension-only braces." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 358 (December 13, 2019): 052027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/358/5/052027.

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47

Tremblay, Robert, and Laure Poncet. "Seismic Performance of Concentrically Braced Steel Frames in Multistory Buildings with Mass Irregularity." Journal of Structural Engineering 131, no. 9 (September 2005): 1363–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2005)131:9(1363).

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48

Ghouse, Shaik Anchala Mohammad, and Maddikera Lokanath Reddy. "Analysis & Design of an Earthquake Resistant Multistory Apartment Building in all Seismic Zones to Obtain the Increment in the Required Percentage of Weight of Steel Reinforcement." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering 11, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.c9801.0311422.

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For designing of an earthquake-resistant structure we follow Indian Seismic design codes are exclusive to a particular country or region. Moreover these seismic codes considered all the criteria such as building typologies, accepted level of seismic risk, local seismology. IS 1893 is an Indian seismic code that provides the seismic zone map and specifies seismic design force. The Bureau of Indian Standard (IS: 1893 (Part-1) 2002) classified India into 4 seismic zones (i.e. Zone II, Zone III, Zone IV & Zone V) and the code allocates 4 levels of seismic intensities as zone factors. But this code does not provide any information regarding how much of required percentage of steel-reinforcement has been increased from zone to zone. The main objective for presenting this project is to obtain the increment in the required percentage of steel-reinforcement for various zones by analyzing a multistory Apartment Building with Stilt + G + 3 Floors as per Indian Standard Codes IS 456 : 2000 and IS 1893 (Part – 1) 2002 using STAAD-Pro Software.

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Carotti, A., and F. G. de Miranda. "Passive antiseismic protections of multistorey building by controlled buckling of a steel base-isolation system." Mechanics Research Communications 17, no. 3 (May 1990): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-6413(90)90043-c.

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Guralnick, Sidney A., Thomas Erber, John Stefanis, and Osama Soudan. "Plastic Collapse, Shakedown, and Hysteresis of Multistory Steel Structures." Journal of Structural Engineering 112, no. 12 (December 1986): 2610–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(1986)112:12(2610).

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