Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Multisectorial integration"

<p>La economía mexicana ha registrado cuatro décadas de lento crecimiento; no obstante, es razonable esperar que su estructura productiva haya cambiado en ese largo horizonte temporal como resultado del cambio técnico incorporado o de las políticas económicas centradas en la integración con la economía de Estados Unidos, entre otras causas. De acuerdo con la llamada “ley Kaldor-Verdoorn”, el crecimiento de la economía se explica por el comportamiento del producto y la productividad en el sector manufacturero. Luego, se deduce que este sector ha perdido la capacidad de generar crecimiento. En este artículo se examina esta hipótesis desde una perspectiva estructural y desde la de esa ley, estimando también los multiplicadores del producto al modo de Miyazawa.</p><p> </p><p align="center">PRODUCTIVE STRUCTURE AND ECONOMIC GROWTH IN MEXICO: A MULTISECTORAL PERSPECTIVE</p><p align="center"><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p>The Mexican economy has shown four decades of slow growth; still it would be reasonable to expect changes in its productive structure along such a long period of time considered, as a result either of the embodied technical change or as a result of the economic policies, that have sought the integration with the US economy, among other causes. According to the so called “Kaldor-Verdoorn law”, growth is explained by the behaviour of both output and the manufacturing productivity; hence, in Mexico this sector must have lost its ability to induce growth in the economy as a whole. This paper examines such hypothesis from a structural perspective, considering such law, estimating also the output multipliers <em>á la mode</em> de Miyazawa.

The measures of Sustainable development goals’ (SDGs) integration into spatial development have been studied. The authors prove that growth of communities’ role in the realization of SDGs enforces the importance of this process’ strateging at the local level. Transition to the stage of sectorial decentralization promotes the capacity of communities to imply the synthetic (multisectorial) framework of SDGs realization. The article shows that SDGs Agenda implementation not only joins the local level stakeholders, but also can form the landmarks to determine priority directions and targeted indicators in the strategic planning of development and gives an opportunity to reach the synergy of spatial development at the levels of region and country as a whole. Also the role of SDGs realization in the establishment of community-level local identity has been mentioned. This identity forms the local social capital as the basis for partnerships of stakeholders of spatial development.

ObjectiveTo assess barriers to contraceptive use among secondary school adolescents in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia, in 2021.DesignA grounded theory approach to the qualitative study was conducted between December 2020 and April 2021 in Gedeo zone, South Ethiopia.SettingThe study was conducted in two urban and four rural schools, in Gedeo zone; Gedeo zone is one of the 14 zones in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples' Region of Ethiopia.ParticipantsThe study involved 24 in-depth interviews with secondary school adolescents and 28 key informants. The interviews were conducted with students, school counsellors, Kebele youth association coordinators, zonal child, adolescent, and youth officers, health workers, and non-governmental organisation workers.ResultsThe findings were organised into four major themes that influence contraceptive use; these include; (1) Individual-related barriers such as knowledge, fear and psychosocial development. (2) Community-related barriers encompass fear of rumours, family pressure, social and cultural norms, economic vulnerability, and religious beliefs. (3) Health service-related barriers include the lack of adolescent-responsive health services, health workers' behaviour, and fear of health workers. Furthermore, (4) The school and service integration barrier was identified.ConclusionsAdolescents' contraceptive use was affected by various barriers ranging from individual to multisectorial levels. Adolescents note various barriers to using contraception and that, without contraception, sexual activity can lead to an increased risk for unintended pregnancy and its associated health risks.

Background: The Government of Ethiopia and development partners have invested heavily in nutrition through multisectoral nutrition programs and the recently announced Food and Nutrition Policy. By making nutrition a political priority, the government has enabled multisectoral collaboration. Objective: To trace the development of multisectoral nutrition policy in Ethiopia and identify lessons learned from implementation. Methods: We utilize the literature and stakeholder interviews across government ministries, donors, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) to analyze Ethiopia’s progress toward multisectoral nutrition governance through 5 lenses: coordination and structural accountability, political commitment, financing, human resources, and data monitoring and transparency. Results: Despite significant progress, coordination and structural accountability for nutrition activities and outcomes across and within sectors remain challenges. While political will is strong, financing is often insufficient. Ethiopia has a shortage of nutrition policy makers and experts but is investing in education to close this gap. Finally, wider sharing of data across ministries and partners would enable enhanced feedback and improvement upon existing programs. Several lessons are notable for policy makers and partners: (1) making nutrition a national political priority is key to fostering multisectoral collaboration and improving nutrition outcomes; (2) nutrition champions are critical for political prioritization of nutrition; (3) multisectoral collaboration has helped reduce undernutrition in Ethiopia, due to expansion from nutrition-specific to nutrition-sensitive strategies; and (4) accountability structures are vital to effective coordination, monitoring, and evaluation in multisectoral nutrition governance. Conclusions: Ethiopia has made significant progress toward multisectoral integration for nutrition. Despite contextual differences, lessons learned from Ethiopia may guide other countries aiming to reduce malnutrition.

AbstractDespite recognition of the health threat posed at the human-animal-environment interface long ago, One Health has yet to be meaningfully integrated into global pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response. With the negotiation of the forthcoming pandemic instrument under the auspices of the World Health Organization (WHO) — which is inherently restricted by its own constitutional mandate of human health — One Health risks being sidelined once again. Genuine integration of a One Health approach into this treaty will require the institutionalization of formal One Health coordination mechanisms.

This paper aims to show the utility of the Social Accounting Matrix and Environmental Accounts (SAMEA). The article begins with the elaboration of the SAMEA for Spain in 2000, applied to water resources and to greenhouses gas emissions. The estimation has been made with official data of INE, integrating the environmental physical information, proceeding from the Accounts of the Water Resource and the Emissions to the Atmosphere, with the monetary information published by the National Accounting. This matrix is used as the central core of a multisectorial model of the economic and environmental performance, from which the "domestic SAMEA multipliers" are calculated. These multipliers show the impacts of different production activities on the economy and environment.

Due to several factors, such as environmental and climate changes, the risk of health threats originating at the human–animal–environment interface, including vector-borne diseases (VBDs) and zoonoses, is increasing. Low-resource settings struggle to counter these multidimensional risks due to their already-strained health systems and are therefore disproportionally affected by the impact caused by these changes. Systemic approaches like One Health (OH) are sought to strengthen prevention and preparedness strategies by addressing the drivers of potential threats with a multidisciplinary and multisectoral approach, considering the whole system at the human–animal–environment interface. The integration of OH in national plans can be challenging due to the lack of effective coordination and collaboration among different sectors. To support the process of knowledge coproduction about the level of OH integration in prevention and preparedness strategies against health threats in Armenia, a situation analysis was performed on Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever/virus and anthrax (identified by local stakeholders as priorities to be addressed with the OH approach), and actions to strengthen the national OH system were identified with the support of a OH conceptual framework. The study highlighted that multidisciplinary and multisectoral efforts towards prevention and preparedness against VBDs and zoonoses threats need to be strengthened in Armenia, and priority actions to integrate the OH approach were identified.

This article identified network characteristics critical for successful agricutural innovations within networks, or a set of interrelated organizations aiming at knowledge exchange for innovations. To explore key success factors, the research questioned how networks cope with innovation characteristics and combined network characteristics with four innovation characteristics in four agricultural sub-sectors. Data were collected from in-depth interviews with farmers and network coordinators and from focus group discussions with farmers active in Flanders, the northern part of Belgium. Factors particularly helpful for success in agricultural innovation networks include numerous contacts, integration of knowledge providers in the network structure, face-to-face communication, a self-initiated coalition and surpassing innovation beyond the mere agricultural level, through collaboration with people from outside the sector. The findings are useful for academics, network coordinators and network members, possibly leading to a higher innovation performance via networking.

L'objectif de cette recherche est de tester la pertinence des fondements théoriques, méthodologiques et politiques de l'approche territoriale de développement rural dans les zones marginalisées de l'Algérie. L'enjeu est de mettre en évidence et de saisir, à la lumière des principes de développement territorial, les pratiques, les représentations et les pierres d'achoppement de la conception et de l'implémentation de la Stratégie Nationale de Développement Rural Durable et de sa traduction locale dans les zones rurales en difficulté de la wilaya de Bejaïa, région de notre étude de cas. L'objet de cette politique inédite en Algérie est abordé sous l'angle de l'approche d'analyse des politiques publiques et de la sociologie politique de l'action publique. Cette démarche, de nature, multi-niveaux, multi-acteurs et multi-dimensionnelle, nous conduit à privilégier certains concepts fondamentaux de la discipline de l'économie territoriale : coordination et synergie entre acteurs, configurations sociales des acteurs, intégration multisectorielle, gouvernance locale, Système d'action local, processus d'apprentissage collectif. Sur le plan méthodologique, cette recherche s'appuie sur une démarche qualitative en privilégiant des entretiens semi-directifs menés auprès de 164 principaux acteurs de la Stratégie de la wilaya de Bejaïa de développement rural durable (SWDRD). Elle s'article autour de trois parties totalisant huit chapitres.L'étude empirique de la mise en œuvre des Projets de proximité de développement rural intégré (PPDRI) sur les zones rurales de la wilaya de Bejaïa repose sur trois entrées d'analyse. Dans un premier temps, l'étude de l'organisation et des conditions de mise en œuvre de la SWDRD montre que les outils et instruments sur lesquels cette nouvelle approche dite « territoriale du développement » devait se reposer sont incomplets, dépassés, faiblement appropriés par les acteurs locaux et même inexistants. Sur le plan institutionnel, on constate que les choix de la SWDRD sont profondément influencés par la dépendance au sentier créée par des institutions traditionnelles orientées vers la modernisation de l'agriculture au détriment d'un développement rural (global), historiquement marginalisé et considéré comme un secteur résiduel. Dans un second temps, l'évaluation des actions des 56 PPDRI validés par le Comité technique de wilaya entre l'an 2003 et décembre 2010 constitue notre deuxième entrée d'analyse. La dépendance au sentier déjà évoquée s'est traduite par la sectorisation et plus précisément par l'agricolisation du développement rural. Ainsi, la diversification des activités économiques susceptibles d'enclencher une dynamique entrepreneuriale dans les espaces ruraux se trouve ignorée. Si les objectifs de la SWDRD sont jugés pertinents avec la situation socio-économique difficile des zones rurales, ils sont trop ambitieux et peu adaptés aux besoins exprimés par les acteurs locaux, ils manquent d'enchainement et de complémentarité, ils ne sont pas accompagnés de moyens appropriés et ils sont parfois en contradiction avec les objectifs des autres interventions concomitantes dont fait l'objet ces zones. Ces défaillances de mise en œuvre expliquent les impacts très mitigés de la SWDRD. Enfin, l'analyse institutionnelle des modalités de la traduction locale de la SWDRD révèle les principales difficultés auxquelles est confrontée la territorialisation de l'action publique, et par là même, l'émergence de projets de territoires en milieu rural algérien. La mise en œuvre de la SWDRD se caractérise par un volontarisme étatique encore très puissant et relève d'une gouvernance locale dirigée et encadrée par la seule puissance publique. Par ailleurs, le choix de l'approche de développement des terroirs villageois comme mode de territorialisation de la SWDRD pose la problématique de la pertinence territoriale et donc de l'intégration de la dynamique des projets à celle du territoire
The purpose of this research is to test the relevance of the theoretical, methodological and political bases of the territorial approach of rural development in the marginalized zones of Algeria. The challenge is to highlight and to seize, in the light of the principles of territorial development, the practices, the representations and the stumbling blocks of the design and the implementation of the Durable National strategy of rural development and its local translation in the rural areas in difficulty of the wilaya of Bejaia, region of our case study. The Object of this new policy in Algeria is approached under the angle of analysis of the public policies and the political sociology of the public action. This approach multilevel, multi-actors and multidimensional, leads us to favor some fundamental concepts of the discipline of the territorial economy: coordination and synergy between actors, social configuration of the actors, multi sector integration, local governance, local system of action, process of collective learning. On the methodological level, this research is based on a qualitative approach by privileging semi-structured interviews undertaken with 164 main actors of the Durable National strategy of rural development of the wilaya of Bejaia (SWDRD). it is composed of three parts adding up eight chapters.The empirical study of the implantation of the projects of proximity of rural development integrated (PPRDI) on the rural areas of the Wilaya of Bejaia rests on three entries of analysis.In the first time, the study of the organization and the conditions of implementation of the SWDRD shows that the tools and instruments on which this new approach known as” territorial of the development'' should be based rest incomplete, are exceeded, slightly adapted by the local actors and even non-existent. On the institutional level, one notes that the choices of the SWDRD are deeply influenced by the dependence with path created by traditional institution directed towards the modernization of agriculture to the detriment of a total rural development, historically marginalized and regarded as a residual sector. In the second time, the evaluation of the actions of the 56 PPRDI validated by the technical committee of the Wilaya between the year 2003 and December 2010 constitutes our second entry of analysis. The path dependancy has been translated by the division into sectors and more precisely in the agricolisation of rural development. Thus the diversification of the economic activities likely to engage an entrepreneurial dynamic in the rural areas where is ignored. If the objectives of the SWDRD are considered to be relevant with the difficult socio- economic situation of the rural areas, they are too ambitious and little adapted to the needs expressed by the local actors, they miss complementariy, they are not accompanied by suitable means and they are sometimes in contradiction with the objectives of the other concomitant interventions of which been the subject these zones. These failures of implementation explain the very mitigated impacts of the SWDRD. Lastly, the institutional analysis of the methods of the local translation of the SWDRD reveals the main difficulties with which the territorialisation of the public action is confronted, and consequently, the emergence of the projects of territories in Algerian rural environment. The implementation of the SWDRD is still characterized by an state voluntarism very powerful and raises of local governance directed and framed by the only public power. Furthermore, the choice of the approach of development of the village soils as mode of territorialisation of the SWDRD causes the problems of the territorial relevance and thus of the integration of the dynamics of the projects to that of the territory

This chapter examines how the capability approach is being integrated into the policies and priorities of the local government of the federal city of Buenos Aires in Argentina. It first considers three specific insights of the capability approach that are particularly relevant for urban integration policies: multidimensional and multisectoral perspective on policy; an institutionally integrated vision of wellbeing; and agency focus. It then explores each of these insights in the context of urban inequality reduction policies in Buenos Aires. In particular, it analyses the dynamic interaction between youth employment and education in informal settlements, and territorial characteristics; the role of civil society organisations in the dynamics of capability expansion in informal settlements; and the role of culture and religion in promoting agency and capability expansion. The chapter concludes with a summary of some of the features of ‘capability-promoting policy’ in the fragmented and unequal context of the Latin American city.

This chapter analyzes the industrial and technological capabilities of Brazil in the context of the social and economic losses caused by the COVID-19 global health crisis, and to what extent these capabilities highlight the need to rethink industrial and sciences, technology, and innovation (ST&I) policies in search of greater resilience to future crises, of an external insertion compatible with national sovereignty, and of better prospects for economic development. The evolution of Brazil's production-trade structure is explored, with emphasis on the health complex, followed by a discussion on the perspectives for economic development from the integration into global value chains and on the Brazilian technological and scientific capabilities in a comparative perspective. It concludes that the current crisis has exposed the ongoing process of weakening capabilities of Brazil and the urgency of intelligent and effective designs of industrial and ST&I policies, in a systemic, multidisciplinary, and multisectoral approach.

This comprehensive review explores the intricate relationships between climate change, sustainable development and emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Changes in climate parameters, such as rising temperatures and altered precipitation patterns pose profound ecological, environmental and socio-economic threats. The review delves into emerging threats such as vector-borne diseases, the resurgence of dormant pathogens due to melting ice layers and the complex global health challenge of antimicrobial resistance. It emphasizes the importance of integrating EID risk into sustainable development planning through a multisectoral approach. The review underscores the pivotal role of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goals 2 and 15, in mitigating EID risks, emphasizing the delicate balance required to simultaneously enhance agricultural productivity and conserve terrestrial ecosystems. Mitigation and adaptation tactics required for responding to climate change necessitate effective international policies, particularly in key sectors like agriculture, industry, forestry, transport and land use. Associations between climate change and infectious diseases suggest collaborative efforts among researchers, policymakers and nations to achieve a balanced and sustainable future. Effective mitigation, calibrated with the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, lowers the risks of new infectious diseases and ensures the well-being of both ecosystems and societies on a global scale.

In October 2000, the twelve countries of South America launched, a multinational, multisectoral and multidisciplinary initiative, whose main objective is to develop the region's infrastructure within a context of environmental sustainability. Supported by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), the Andean Development Corporation, and the Financial Fund for the Development of the River Plate Basin, the Initiative is based on a hub strategy and its action plan calls for (1) strengthening national investment planning and coordination among countries, (2) standardizing and harmonizing regulatory and institutional aspects and (3) developing a portfolio of projects that encourage private sector participation and innovative financing schemes. This paper revisits IIRSA's economic fundamentals, looking at: the motivation behind regional integration; the importance of transport versus policy related trade costs; and the likely impact of the initiative on regional disparities and growth.

This joint publication by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the World Food Programme (WFP) presents the state of school feeding programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) as of 2022. Amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and compounding challenges, the publication highlights the critical role of school feeding programs for the region. The publication offers comprehensive insights into the state of school feeding in LAC: scale, coverage, components, and impacts. It emphasizes the need to reach vulnerable children to prevent dropouts and promote holistic development. The publication emphasizes the importance of integrating health and nutrition interventions along with school meals programmes via multisectoral approaches. Key findings indicate that 80.3 million children across the region received school meals in 2022. Political commitment and investment in these initiatives is high with at least 19 countries having either a specific school feeding or school nutrition policy or law. Coverage ranges from 30 to 100 percent across the countries in the region. The publication recommends strengthening coverage and programme quality as well as regulatory frameworks, implementing local food procurement, investing in intercultural approaches, and enhancing multisectoral collaboration and partnerships. Moreover, it underscores the significance of crisis preparedness for school feeding programs, which were proven to be resilient and indispensable during the pandemic. The publication offers specific recommendations to support countries to effectively tackle challenges and ensure that school feeding programs continue to contribute to childrens development, education, and overall wellbeing.

This joint publication by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the World Food Programme (WFP) presents the state of school feeding programmes in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) as of 2022. Amidst the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic and compounding challenges, the publication highlights the critical role of school feeding programs to build human capital in the region. The publication offers comprehensive insights into the state of school feeding in LAC: scale, coverage, components, and impacts. It emphasizes the need to reach vulnerable children to prevent dropouts and promote holistic development. The publication emphasizes the importance of integrating health and nutrition interventions along with school meals programmes via multisectoral approaches. Key findings indicate that 80.3 million children across the region received school meals in 2022. Political commitment and investment in these initiatives is high with at least 19 countries having either a specific school feeding or school nutrition policy or law. Coverage ranges from 30 to 100 percent across the countries in the region. The publication recommends strengthening coverage and programme quality as well as regulatory frameworks, implementing local food procurement, investing in intercultural approaches, and enhancing multisectoral collaboration and partnerships. Moreover, it underscores the significance of crisis preparedness for school feeding programs, which were proven to beresilient and indispensable during the pandemic. The publication offers specific recommendations to support countries to effectively tackle challenges and ensure that school feeding programs continue to contribute to children's development, education, and overall wellbeing.