Статті в журналах: "Multiplets and repeats"

1

Palsbøll, Per J., Martine Bérubé, and Hanne Jørgensen. "Multiple Levels of Single-Strand Slippage at Cetacean Tri- and Tetranucleotide Repeat Microsatellite Loci." Genetics 151, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 285–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/151.1.285.

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Abstract Between three and six tri- and tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite loci were analyzed in 3720 samples collected from four different species of baleen whales. Ten of the 18 species/locus combinations had imperfect allele arrays, i.e., some alleles differed in length by other than simple integer multiples of the basic repeat length. The estimate of the average number of alleles and heterozygosity was higher at loci with imperfect allele arrays relative to those with perfect allele arrays. Nucleotide sequences of 23 different alleles at one tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite locus in fin whales, Balaenoptera physalus, and humpback whales, Megaptera novaeangliae, revealed sequence changes including perfect repeats only, multiple repeats, and partial repeats. The relative rate of the latter two categories of mutation was estimated at 0.024 of the mutation rate involving perfect repeats only. It is hypothesized that single-strand slippage of partial repeats may provide a mechanism for counteracting the continuous expansion of microsatellite loci, which is the logical consequence of recent reports demonstrating directional mutations. Partial-repeat mutations introduce imperfections in the repeat array, which subsequently could reduce the rate of single-strand slippage. Limited computer simulations confirmed this predicted effect of partial-repeat mutations.

2

Epstein, L. M., K. A. Mahon, and J. G. Gall. "Transcription of a satellite DNA in the newt." Journal of Cell Biology 103, no. 4 (October 1, 1986): 1137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.103.4.1137.

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Satellite 2 is an abundant, 330-bp tandemly repeated sequence in the genome of the newt, Notophthalmus viridescens. This sequence is distributed throughout the genome on each of the 11 chromosomes. Both strands of satellite 2 are transcribed on the lampbrush chromosomes during oogenesis, probably as a result of readthrough from upstream structural gene promoters. In addition to these heterogeneous nuclear transcripts, satellite 2 is homologous to stable, strand-specific cytoplasmic transcripts in a variety of different tissues. The majority of these transcripts correspond in size to the entire satellite 2 repeat unit, or to whole multiples of the repeat. The transcripts present in the ovary have been sequenced by primer extension and were found to be more homogeneous than eight independently cloned satellite 2 DNA repeats. We propose that the stable cytoplasmic transcripts are encoded by a small subset of genomic satellite 2 sequences.

3

Combettes, L., D. Tran, T. Tordjmann, M. Laurent, B. Berthon, and M. Claret. "Ca2+-mobilizing hormones induce sequentially ordered Ca2+ signals in multicellular systems of rat hepatocytes." Biochemical Journal 304, no. 2 (December 1, 1994): 585–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3040585.

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The development of hormone-mediated Ca2+ signals was analysed in polarized doublets, triplets and quadruplets of rat hepatocytes by video imaging of fura2 fluorescence. These multicellular models showed dilated bile canaliculi, and gap junctions were observed by using an anti-connexin-32 antibody. They also showed highly organized Ca2+ signals in response to vasopressin or noradrenaline. Surprisingly, the primary rises in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) did not start randomly from any cell of the multiplet. It originated invariably in the same hepatocyte (first-responding cell), and then was propagated in a sequential manner to the nearest connected cells (cell 2, then 3, in triplets; cell 2, 3, then 4 in quadruplets). The sequential activation of the cells appeared to be an intrinsic property of multiplets of rat hepatocytes. (1) In the continued presence of hormones, the same sequential order was observed up to six times, i.e. at each train of oscillations occurring between the cells. (2) The order of [Ca2+]i responses was modified neither by the repeated addition of hormones nor by the hormonal dose. (3) The mechanical disruption of an intermediate cell slowed down the speed of the propagation, suggesting a role of gap junctions in the rapidity of the sequential activation of cells. (4) The same multiplet could have a different first-responding cell for vasopressin or noradrenaline, suggesting a role of the hormonal receptors in the sequentiality of cell responses. It is postulated that a functional heterogeneity of hormonal receptors, and the presence of functional gap junctions, are involved in the existence of sequentially ordered hormone-mediated [Ca2+]i rises in the multiplets of rat hepatocytes.

4

Hsu, F. C., C. J. Wang, C. M. Chen, H. Y. Hu, and C. C. Chen. "Molecular Characterization of a Family of Tandemly Repeated DNA Sequences, TR-1, in Heterochromatic Knobs of Maize and Its Relatives." Genetics 164, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 1087–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/164.3.1087.

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Abstract Two families of tandem repeats, 180-bp and TR-1, have been found in the knobs of maize. In this study, we isolated 59 clones belonging to the TR-1 family from maize and teosinte. Southern hybridization and sequence analysis revealed that members of this family are composed of three basic sequences, A (67 bp); B (184 bp) or its variants B′ (184 bp), 2/3B (115 bp), 2/3B′ (115 bp); and C (108 bp), which are arranged in various combinations to produce repeat units that are multiples of ∼180 bp. The molecular structure of TR-1 elements suggests that: (1) the B component may evolve from the 180-bp knob repeat as a result of mutations during evolution; (2) B′ may originate from B through lateral amplification accompanied by base-pair changes; (3) C plus A may be a single sequence that is added to B and B′, probably via nonhomologous recombination; and (4) 69 bp at the 3′ end of B or B′, and the entire sequence of C can be removed from the elements by an unknown mechanism. Sequence comparisons showed partial homologies between TR-1 elements and two centromeric sequences (B repeats) of the supernumerary B chromosome. This result, together with the finding of other investigators that the B repeat is also fragmentarily homologous to the 180-bp repeat, suggests that the B repeat is derived from knob repeats in A chromosomes, which subsequently become structurally modified. Fluorescence in situ hybridization localized the B repeat to the B centromere and the 180-bp and TR-1 repeats to the proximal heterochromatin knob on the B chromosome.

5

Cohen, J. B., D. Liebermann, and L. Kedes. "Tsp transposons: a heterogeneous family of mobile sequences in the genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 10 (October 1985): 2814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2814-2825.1985.

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In the preceding paper (J.B. Cohen, B. Hoffman-Liebermann, and L. Kedes, Mol. Cell. Biol., 5:2804-2813, 1985), we described the nucleotide sequence of ISTU4, which is a member of a new family of repetitive sequences, the Tsp family, present in a higher eucaryote, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We provided evidence that individual members of this family can act as transposable elements. Here we describe our structural analysis of the Tsp element family, which numbers about 1,000 members per haploid genome. Hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis of several genomic Tsp clones demonstrate that structurally most Tsp elements resemble ISTU4. Tsp elements range in size up to about 1.3 kilobase pairs, have terminal domains that are conserved between the various examples studied, and contain a central portion of varying size, which may be extensively diverged. Structurally, however, the central portions are very similar and consist of several approximately 150-base-pairs-long, tandemly arranged, imperfect repeats, which are followed by a truncated repeat. The structural analysis is consistent with the possibility that the individual Tsp elements differ by multiples of these 150-base-pair repeats. One variant genomic clone has a solitary repeat and lacks the truncated repeat. The nucleotide sequences of different repeats of a single Tsp element can diverge extensively. The truncated repeat is divergent from most of the repeats, but in one case it is almost identical to a repeat of the same element. Comparison of the sequences from different elements enabled us to determine the boundaries of each structural domain and allows us to propose that each of these domains may be independent units of genetic information. Analysis of the population of Tsp-related sequences in the S. purpuratus genome by genomic blot hybridization suggests that most Tsp family members share the same overall structure. In addition, there is a structural element, about 70 base pairs long, that appears to interrupt the tandem arrangement of the 150-base-pair repeats at regular intervals.

6

Cohen, J. B., D. Liebermann, and L. Kedes. "Tsp transposons: a heterogeneous family of mobile sequences in the genome of the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus." Molecular and Cellular Biology 5, no. 10 (October 1985): 2814–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.5.10.2814.

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In the preceding paper (J.B. Cohen, B. Hoffman-Liebermann, and L. Kedes, Mol. Cell. Biol., 5:2804-2813, 1985), we described the nucleotide sequence of ISTU4, which is a member of a new family of repetitive sequences, the Tsp family, present in a higher eucaryote, the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. We provided evidence that individual members of this family can act as transposable elements. Here we describe our structural analysis of the Tsp element family, which numbers about 1,000 members per haploid genome. Hybridization and nucleotide sequence analysis of several genomic Tsp clones demonstrate that structurally most Tsp elements resemble ISTU4. Tsp elements range in size up to about 1.3 kilobase pairs, have terminal domains that are conserved between the various examples studied, and contain a central portion of varying size, which may be extensively diverged. Structurally, however, the central portions are very similar and consist of several approximately 150-base-pairs-long, tandemly arranged, imperfect repeats, which are followed by a truncated repeat. The structural analysis is consistent with the possibility that the individual Tsp elements differ by multiples of these 150-base-pair repeats. One variant genomic clone has a solitary repeat and lacks the truncated repeat. The nucleotide sequences of different repeats of a single Tsp element can diverge extensively. The truncated repeat is divergent from most of the repeats, but in one case it is almost identical to a repeat of the same element. Comparison of the sequences from different elements enabled us to determine the boundaries of each structural domain and allows us to propose that each of these domains may be independent units of genetic information. Analysis of the population of Tsp-related sequences in the S. purpuratus genome by genomic blot hybridization suggests that most Tsp family members share the same overall structure. In addition, there is a structural element, about 70 base pairs long, that appears to interrupt the tandem arrangement of the 150-base-pair repeats at regular intervals.

7

Schneider-Gold, C., and S. Petri. "Therapie und Monitoring neuromuskulärer Repeat-Erkrankungen." Nervenheilkunde 36, no. 01/02 (2017): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1635070.

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ZusammenfassungRepeat-Erkrankungen sind hereditäre durch pathologische Expansionen sich wiederholender Triplettoder Multiplett-DNA-Sequenzen (Repeats) hervorgerufene, in der Regel multisystemische Erkrankungen. Bevorzugt das neuromuskuläre System betreffen die myotonen Dystrophien Typ 1 und 2 (DM 1, 2), die okulopharyngeale Muskeldystrophie (OPMD), die spinobulbäre Muskelatrophie (SBMA, auch Kennedy-Syndrom) und eine Form der ALS, die durch Repeat-Expansionen im C9ORF72-Gen verursacht wird. Zunehmendes Verständnis der molekularen Pathogenese dieser Erkrankungen bildet die Grundlage für neue kausale Therapiestrategien, die sich überwiegend noch im präklinischen Stadium befinden oder in ersten klinischen Studien getestet werden. Das Monitoring und die Therapie von neurologischen und internistischen Symptomen (wie respiratorischer Insuffizienz oder kardialer Mitbeteiligung) erfordert eine interdisziplinäre Betreuung.

8

Kinscher, J. L., F. De Santis, N. Poiata, P. Bernard, K. H. Palgunadi, and I. Contrucci. "Seismic repeaters linked to weak rock-mass creep in deep excavation mining." Geophysical Journal International 222, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 110–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa150.

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SUMMARY Seismic repeaters are a phenomenon rarely observed in mining environments. In this study, we show that repeaters and associated aseismic slip can be the governing mechanism behind seismic triggering in response to excavation mining, providing new perspectives for rethinking and improving standard procedures for seismic rock burst hazard assessment and mining monitoring. Evidence comes from an extensive multiplet analysis on dense spatiotemporal microseismic event clusters (−2.5 < Mw < 1) that was recorded by a local microseismic network at the Lappberget orebody in the Garpenberg mine in Sweden at around 1 km depth. Analysis involved template matching, clustering, double-difference relocation, source parameter and mechanism estimation, as well as interevent time analysis. The results show that almost 80 per cent of the analysed events can be interpreted as seismic repeaters. Source mechanisms demonstrate systematic strike-slip faulting with a significant reverse faulting component, indicating that triggering of the repeaters is sensitive to increases in the horizontal compressive stresses. We suggest that seismic repeaters represent brittle frictional parts (asperity) of creeping, planar shaped, pre-exiting structures of several metres composed of weak rock-mass materials (e.g. talc) associated with strengthening friction behaviours. This repeater model and the here used definition of asperity thus slightly differs from its meaning in classical seismological models where repeating events are related to the locked fault patches along a creeping fault. In addition, we identified different asperity types for the different repeater families that we interpret as different friction properties. Some multiplet families represent rather a transitional case between multiplet and repeater occurrences that might imply a mixture of weakening and strengthening friction processes, that is, creep and brittle rupture along neighboured plane shaped anisotropies in a heterogeneous rock mass. The exact nature of asperities and seismic and aseismic coupling of the rock mass as well as the propagation mechanism of strain and stress associated with short-term (days to weeks) and long-term (months to years) post-blast creep remains uncertain and needs to be addressed by future investigations. The understanding of these processes is particularly important for assessing hazard of larger dynamic ruptures.

9

Fulnecek, Jaroslav, Roman Matyasek, and Ales Kovarik. "Plant 5S rDNA has multiple alternative nucleosome positions." Genome 49, no. 7 (July 1, 2006): 840–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g06-039.

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In plants, 5S ribosomal DNA (5S rDNA) is typically found in hundreds of copies of tandemly arranged units. Nucleotide database searches revealed that the majority of 5S genes (>90%) have repeat lengths that are not simple multiples of a plant nucleosomal unit, ranging in plants from 175–185 bp. To get insight into the chromatin structure, we have determined positions of nucleosomes in the Nicotiana sylvestris and Nicotiana tomentosiformis 5S rDNA units with repeat lengths of about 430 and 645 bp, respectively. Mapping experiments carried out on isolated nucleo somal DNA revealed many (>50) micrococcal nuclease cleavage sites in each class of repeats. Permutation analysis and theoretical computer prediction showed multiple DNA bend sites, mostly located in the nontranscribed spacer region. The distance between bend sites, however, did not correspond to the average spacing of nucleosomes in 5S chromatin (~180 bp). These data indicate that 5S rDNA does not have fixed nucleosomal positioning sites and that units can be wrapped in a number of alternative nucleosome frames. Consequently, accessibility of transcription factors to cognate motifs might vary across the tandem array, potentially influencing gene expression.Key words: Nicotiana, 5S rDNA, heterochromatin, tandem repeats, nucleosomes, DNA curvature.

10

Schilz, Felix, Susanne Hummel, and Bernd Herrmann. "Design of a multiplex PCR for genotyping 16 short tandem repeats in degraded DNA samples." Anthropologischer Anzeiger 62, no. 4 (December 16, 2004): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/anthranz/62/2004/369.

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11

Kulkarni, V. V., and M. G. Safonov. "All multipliers for repeated monotone nonlinearities." IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 47, no. 7 (July 2002): 1209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tac.2002.800642.

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12

Mancera, Ricardo, and Michael G. Safonov. "All stability multipliers for repeated MIMO nonlinearities." Systems & Control Letters 54, no. 4 (April 2005): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2004.08.014.

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13

Jung, Kyoung-Hwa, Sang-Hoon Kim, Seong-Joo Kim, Ji-Cheon Kim, and Young-Gyu Chai. "Strain-specific Detection of Bacillus Anthracis using Multiple-locus Variable-number Tandem Repeat Analysis." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 14, no. 2 (April 5, 2011): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2011.14.2.305.

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14

TSELONI, ANDROMACHI, IOANNIS NTZOUFRAS, ANNA NICOLAOU, and KEN PEASE. "Concentration of personal and household crimes in England and Wales." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 21, no. 4-5 (April 6, 2010): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792510000057.

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Crime is disproportionally concentrated in few areas. Though long established, there remains uncertainty about the reasons for variation in the concentration of similar crime (repeats) or different crime (multiples). Wholly neglected have been composite crimes when more than one crime types coincide as parts of a single event. The research reported here disentangles area crime concentration into repeats, multiple and composite crimes. The results are based on estimated bivariate zero-inflated Poisson regression models with covariance structure which explicitly account for crime rarity and crime concentration. The implications of the results for criminological theorizing and as a possible basis for more equitable police funding are discussed.

15

Diegoli, Toni M., and Michael D. Coble. "Development and characterization of two mini-X chromosomal short tandem repeat multiplexes." Forensic Science International: Genetics 5, no. 5 (November 2011): 415–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2010.08.019.

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16

MEERTENS, LAMBERT. "FUNCTIONAL PEARL Calculating the Sieve of Eratosthenes." Journal of Functional Programming 14, no. 6 (October 27, 2004): 759–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956796804005210.

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The Sieve of Eratosthenes is an efficient algorithm for computing the successive primes. Rendered informally, it is as follows:1. Write down the successive “plurals”: 2, 3, 4, …2. Repeat:(a) Take the first number that is not circled or crossed out.(b) Circle it.(c) Cross out its proper multiples.3. What is left (i.e. the circled numbers) are the successive prime numbers.

17

Arrowsmith, Stephen J., and Leo Eisner. "A technique for identifying microseismic multiplets and application to the Valhall field, North Sea." GEOPHYSICS 71, no. 2 (March 2006): V31—V40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2187804.

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A fast, fully automatic technique to identify microseismic multiplets in borehole seismic data is developed. The technique may be applied in real time to either continuous data or detected-event data for a number of three-component receivers and does not require prior information such as P- or S-wave time picks. Peak crosscorrelation coefficients, evaluated in the frequency domain, are used as the basis for identifying microseismic doublets. The peak crosscorrelation coefficient at each receiver is evaluated with a weighted arithmetic average of the normalized correlation coefficients of each component. Each component is weighted by the maximum amplitude of the signal for that component to reduce the effect of noise on the calculations. The weighted average correlations are averaged over all receivers in a time window centered on a fixed lag time. The size of the time window is determined from the dominant period in the signal, and the lag time is the time that maximizes the average correlation coefficient. The technique is applied to a three-component passive seismic data set recorded at the Valhall field, North Sea. A large number of microseismic doublets are identified that can be grouped into multiplets, reducing the total number of absolute event locations by a factor of two. Seven large multiplets reflect the repeated multiple rerupturing (up to 30 times on a single fault) and significant stress release. Two major faults dominate the seismic activity, causing at least one-fourth of the observed events.

18

TÜRK DAĞI, Hatice, Şerife YÜKSEKKAYA, Tuba SEYHAN, Duygu FINDIK, İnci TUNCER, and Uğur ARSLAN. "Streptococcus pyogenes İzolatlarının Virülans Faktörlerinin Araştırılması ve “Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Fingerprinting (MLVF)” Yöntemi ile Tiplendirilmesi." Mikrobiyoloji Bulteni 52, no. 3 (July 25, 2018): 233–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5578/mb.66841.

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19

Buse, Edward L., Jeanne C. Putinier, Mary M. Hong, Aimee E. Yap, and John M. Hartmann. "Performance Evaluation of Two Multiplexes Used in Fluorescent Short Tandem Repeat DNA Analysis." Journal of Forensic Sciences 48, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 2001316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/jfs2001316.

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20

Schlegelmilch, Ronald, and Ralph Heywood. "Toxicity of Crataegus (Hawthorn) Extract (WS 1442)." Journal of the American College of Toxicology 13, no. 2 (April 1994): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915819409140991.

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An extract of Crataegus-WS 1442-standardized by a special process of production and adjusted to 18.75% oligomeric procyanidines, was investigated in single and repeat-dose toxicity studies. No target organ toxicity was defined at high multiples of the human dose (100 times) and the battery of standard mutagenic and clastogenic tests were negative. The results presented are for Crataegus extract WS 1442 only; other preparations of Crataegus have to be investigated case by case.

21

Duewer, David L., Margaret C. Kline, Janette W. Redman, and John M. Butler. "NIST Mixed Stain Study 3: Signal Intensity Balance in Commercial Short Tandem Repeat Multiplexes." Analytical Chemistry 76, no. 23 (December 2004): 6928–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac049178k.

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22

Roy, Shirley, Danielle Laberge, and Marie-Marthe Cousineau. "Les réincarcérations multiples : profil sexué d’un groupe de justiciables." Criminologie 25, no. 1 (August 16, 2005): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017317ar.

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Women offenders had traditionally been neglected in criminological theory as well as in empirical analyses. Feminist studies have shown that such an exclusion was not only inacceptable on a political ground but that it also shed serious doubts about the validity of criminological models. Arguing on the necessity of focussed empirical analyses for a better understanding of the dynamics of sexual identity on the nature of penal interventions, the authors have proceeded to a comparative analysis of the characteristics and penal treatment of a particular group of offenders, those that have been incarcerated in Quebec's provincial jails ten times or more during a ten year period. Results stress the complexity of the différenciation process for women and men, at least for this particular group. Women having been through repeated incarcerations are far less numerous than men. But the motives for which these women were imprisoned appear to be even more trivial than those having prompted the men's incarcerations.

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Arini, Arini. "Development of Local Instruction Theory of Multiplication Based on Realistic Mathematics Education in Primary Schools." International Journal of Educational Dynamics 1, no. 1 (January 3, 2019): 188–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ijeds.v1i1.54.

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This study aims to develop a local instruction theory (LIT) based on realistic mathematics education (RME) that is valid, practical, and effective on the topic of multiplication in grade III of elementary school. The research method used is research design type Gravemeijer & Cobb (2013). The research was conducted in three phases, namely preparing for the experiment, experimenting in the classroom, and conducting retrospective analysis. Data was collected using document analysis, observation, interviews, field notes, tests, and questionnaires. The collected data was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the research that has been carried out, LIT is produced which is valid, practical, and effective against students' mathematical problem solving abilities. Students can find a standard multiplication algorithm with a series of activities, namely finding the product of multiplication with repeated additions, ten multiplications, multiples of multiples of ten, and standard multiplication algorithms. Keywords: LIT, RME, multiplication

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Garcia-Garcia, Jose C., José de la Fuente, Gianna Bell-Eunice, Edmour F. Blouin, and Katherine M. Kocan. "Glycosylation of Anaplasma marginale Major Surface Protein 1a and Its Putative Role in Adhesion to Tick Cells." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 5 (May 2004): 3022–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.5.3022-3030.2004.

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ABSTRACT Anaplasma marginale, the causative agent of bovine anaplasmosis, is a tick-borne rickettsial pathogen of cattle that multiplies in erythrocytes and tick cells. Major surface protein 1a (MSP1a) and MSP1b form the MSP1 complex of A. marginale, which is involved in adhesion of the pathogen to host cells. In this study we tested the hypothesis that MSP1a and MSP1b were glycosylated, because the observed molecular weights of both proteins were greater than the deduced molecular masses. We further hypothesized that the glycosylation of MSP1a plays a role in adhesion of A. marginale to tick cells. Native and Escherichia coli-derived recombinant MSP1a and MSP1b proteins were shown by gas chromatography to be glycosylated and to contain neutral sugars. Glycosylation of MSP1a appeared to be mainly O-linked to Ser/Thr residues in the N-terminal repeated peptides. Glycosylation may play a role in adhesion of A. marginale to tick cells because chemical deglycosylation of MSP1a significantly reduced its adhesive properties. Although the MSP1a polypeptide backbone alone was adherent to tick cell extract, the glycans in the N-terminal repeats appeared to enhance binding and may cooperatively interact with one or more surface molecules on host cells. These results demonstrated that MSP1a and MSP1b are glycosylated and suggest that the glycosylation of MSP1a plays a role in the adhesion of A. marginale to tick cells.

25

Zhao, Shuo, Xiaogang Ye, Meiyu Wu, Jinghua Ruan, Xiaoxiao Wang, Xiaoli Tang, and Boxiong Zhong. "Recombinant Silk Proteins with Additional Polyalanine Have Excellent Mechanical Properties." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041513.

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This paper explores the structures of exogenous protein molecules that can effectively improve the mechanical properties of silkworm silk. Several transgenic vectors fused with the silkworm fibroin light chain and type 3 repeats in different multiples of the ampullate dragline silk protein 1 (MaSp1) from black widow spider with different lengths of the polyalanine motifs were constructed for this study. Transgenic silkworms were successfully obtained by piggyBac-mediated microinjection. Molecular detection showed that foreign proteins were successfully secreted and contained within the cocoon shells. According to the prediction of PONDR® VSL2 and PONDR® VL-XT, the type 3 repeats and the polyalanine motif of the MaSp1 protein were amorphous. The results of FTIR analysis showed that the content of β-sheets in the silk of transgenic silkworms engineered with transgenic vectors with additional polyalanine was significantly higher than that of wild-type silkworm silk. Additionally, silk with a higher β-sheet content had better fracture strength and Young’s modulus. The mechanical properties of silk with longer chains of exogenous proteins were improved. In general, our results provide theoretical guidance and technical support for the large-scale production of excellent bionic silk.

26

Tang, Shunxue, Venkata K. Kishore, and Steven J. Knapp. "PCR-multiplexes for a genome-wide framework of simple sequence repeat marker loci in cultivated sunflower." Theoretical and Applied Genetics 107, no. 1 (June 2003): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00122-003-1233-0.

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27

Eichmann, C., B. Berger, and W. Parson. "Relevant aspects for forensic STR analysis of canine DNA: Repeat-based nomenclature and sensitive PCR multiplexes." International Congress Series 1288 (April 2006): 813–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ics.2005.11.032.

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Wuethrich, Ch, and K. Marti. "Simultaneous determination of mass and volume of a set of weights in group weighing." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.931.

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This work introduces a new technique for the determination of mass and volume of a set of weights based on closed series (group weighing). A traditional closed series is repeated at two different air densities. A least squares set of equations, involving two Lagrange multipliers, is used to determine the mass and the volume of each weight simultaneously with a traceability on the mass and the volume of the reference weight.

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Wang, Chaoyu, Wanwan Hu, Zhe Geng, Jindong Zhang, and Daiyin Zhu. "Parameter Estimation for Interrupted Sampling Repeater Jamming Based on ADMM." Sensors 21, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 8277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248277.

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By repeatedly sampling, storing, and retransmitting parts of the radar signal, interrupted sampling repeater jamming (ISRJ) based on digital radio frequency memory (DRFM) can produce a train of secondary false targets symmetrical to the main false target, threatening to mislead or deceive the victim radar system. This paper proposes a computationally-effective method to estimating the parameters for ISRJ by resorting to the framework of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). Firstly, the analytical form of pulse compression is derived. Then, for the purpose of estimating the parameters of ISRJ, the original problem is transformed into a nonlinear integer optimization model with respect to a window vector. On this basis, the ADMM is introduced to decompose the nonlinear integer optimization model into a series of sub-problems to estimate the width and number of ISRJ’s sample slices. Finally, the numerical simulation results show that, compared with the traditional time-frequency (TF) method, the proposed method exhibits much better performance in accuracy and stability.

30

Pougkakiotis, Spyridon, and Jacek Gondzio. "An Interior Point-Proximal Method of Multipliers for Linear Positive Semi-Definite Programming." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications 192, no. 1 (October 28, 2021): 97–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-021-01954-4.

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AbstractIn this paper we generalize the Interior Point-Proximal Method of Multipliers (IP-PMM) presented in Pougkakiotis and Gondzio (Comput Optim Appl 78:307–351, 2021. 10.1007/s10589-020-00240-9) for the solution of linear positive Semi-Definite Programming (SDP) problems, allowing inexactness in the solution of the associated Newton systems. In particular, we combine an infeasible Interior Point Method (IPM) with the Proximal Method of Multipliers (PMM) and interpret the algorithm (IP-PMM) as a primal-dual regularized IPM, suitable for solving SDP problems. We apply some iterations of an IPM to each sub-problem of the PMM until a satisfactory solution is found. We then update the PMM parameters, form a new IPM neighbourhood, and repeat this process. Given this framework, we prove polynomial complexity of the algorithm, under mild assumptions, and without requiring exact computations for the Newton directions. We furthermore provide a necessary condition for lack of strong duality, which can be used as a basis for constructing detection mechanisms for identifying pathological cases within IP-PMM.

31

Bigornia, Luisa, Kristen M. Lockridge, and Ellen E. Sparger. "Construction and In Vitro Characterization of Attenuated Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Long Terminal Repeat Mutant Viruses." Journal of Virology 75, no. 2 (January 15, 2001): 1054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.2.1054-1060.2001.

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ABSTRACT AP-1- and ATF-binding sites are cis-acting transcriptional elements within the U3 domain of the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) long terminal repeat (LTR) that serve as targets for cellular activation pathways and may regulate virus replication. We report that FIV LTR mutant proviruses encoding U3 deletions of the ATF-binding sequence exhibited restricted virus expression and replication in both feline lymphocytes and macrophages. In contrast, deletion of the AP-1 site had negligible effects on virus expression and replication. FIV LTR mutant proviruses encoding deletions of both the AP-1 and ATF sites or a 72-bp deletion encompassing the AP-1 site, duplicated C/EBP sites, and ATF sites were severely restricted for virus expression. These results demonstrate that deletion of either the ATF-binding site or multiplecis-acting transcriptional elements attenuates FIV. These attenuated FIV mutants provide opportunities to characterize the role of cis-acting elements in virus replication in vivo and to test LTR mutants as attenuated virus vaccines.

32

Martin, Frank N. "Variation in the ribosomal DNA repeat unit within single-oospore isolates of the genus Pythium." Genome 33, no. 4 (August 1, 1990): 585–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g90-086.

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Restriction analyses of the DNA repeat unit coding for the production of 5.8S, 17S, and 26S ribosomal RNA (rDNA) isolated from several different Pythium species revealed polymorphic forms within a single-oospore isolate. Restriction mapping of cloned rDNA from Pythium paroecandrum indicated that two major forms were present in approximately equal ratios (A and B, 11.6 and 11.9 kb in size, respectively), which differed in the nontranscribed spacer region for numbers and locations of restriction sites for HaeIII, SalI, and KpnI and an insertion–deletion adjacent to the 3′ end of the 26S RNA coding region. The insertion–deletion makes form B 0.27 kb larger than form A. An additional insertion–deletion in both forms of approximately 60 bp in the same region makes a total of four polymorphic types in the isolate investigated. Similar results also were obtained for Pythium spinosum following restriction digestion of purified rDNA. A survey of other Pythium species indicates that the presence of polymorphic forms in the same isolate, variation in the number or polymorphic forms in different isolates of the same species, and insertions–deletions in multiples of approximately 60 bp adjacent to the 3′ end of the 26S coding region are common in the genus.Key words: Pythium spp., rDNA.

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NAGORNYAK, EKATERINA M., GERALD H. POLLACK, and FELIX A. BLYAKHMAN. "STEP SIZE IN ACTIVATED RABBIT SARCOMERES IS INDEPENDENT OF FILAMENT OVERLAP." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 04, no. 04 (December 2004): 485–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519404001181.

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Investigations carried out on single cardiac and bumblebee myofibrils have shown stepwise sarcomere-length change of ~2.7 nm.1 We have carried out parallel measurements on single myofibrils from rabbit psoas muscle. Activated specimens were released or stretched using a motor-imposed ramp. With a high-resolution algorithm, we found that step sizes were always integer multiples of 2.7 nm, whether the length change was positive or negative, and independent of ramp velocity. Also, the influence of initial sarcomere length was studied, and found to be negligible. The value 2.7 nm, seen consistently, is equal to the linear repeat of actin monomers along the thin filament, a result that ties dynamical events to molecular structure, and places narrow constraints on any proposed molecular mechanism.

34

Gilbert, Paul. "Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy: Multiple neurolgic problems." Psychology and Mental Health Care 1, no. 3 (November 30, 2017): 01. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8892/015.

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A 72-Year-old female with a history of migraine headaches presented with an acute onset of expressive aphasia, difficulty with memory and worsening of her headaches. An MRI of the brain was done which revealed diffuse white matter T2 hyperintensities (Figures 1). Due to worsening of the patient’s clinical symptoms a repeat MRI was performed four days later that revealed multiple micro-bleeds (Figure 2), as well as a lobar hemorrhage in left temporal lobe (Figure 2). An extensive workup including HIV testing, CSF examination for infectious etiology including protein 14-3-3 and demylineating disease was negative. Paraneoplastic and autoimmune workup was also non-diagnostic. A brain biopsy was performed due to the extensive white matter disease, which revealed Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) with focal granulomatous angiitis. The patient was treated with intravenous steroids with no significant improvement clinically. Two months after diagnosis, her disease course has remained static, without improvement or deterioration.

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Perry, Daniel J., Ursla Fernando, and Sung-Jong Lee. "Simple sequence repeat-based identification of Canadian malting barley varieties." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 94, no. 3 (March 2014): 485–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2012-337.

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Perry, D. J., Fernando, U. and Lee, S-J. 2014. Simple sequence repeat-based identification of Canadian malting barley varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 485–496. Practical and reliable means to identify barley varieties are required to provide assurances in segregated grain handling and for quality control in the malting and brewing industry. A set of 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers was selected to differentiate among malting barley varieties grown in Canada. Modification of some PCR primers permitted assembly into two five-marker multiplexes that may be examined simultaneously using an electrophoresis-based DNA analyzer. These markers were surveyed in multiple individual kernels of each of 48 barley varieties grown in Canada, including 31 malting varieties and 17 popular feed varieties. Variation within varieties was common and three general categories of intra-variety polymorphism were recognized: (1) primary biotypes, which were characterized by a fairly even distribution of two alleles at one or more marker loci and complete mixture of allele combinations among the polymorphic loci; (2) uncommon, distinctly different variants; and (3) putative recent SSR mutations. Differentiation among varieties was complete with the exception of one pair of related six-row feed varieties (AC Rosser and AC Ranger) that was indistinguishable and one group of three very closely related two-row malting varieties (CDC Kendall, CDC PolarStar and Norman) that, on an individual-kernel basis, were only partially distinguishable using these markers. Simple, rapid individual-kernel DNA preparation methods were also developed for use in conjunction with the multiplexed markers to provide a convenient, effective and relatively inexpensive tool that may be used for barley variety identification, purity analysis or quantification of variety mixtures.

36

Pan, L., and R. Seshadri. "Limit Load Estimation Using Plastic Flow Parameter in Repeated Elastic Finite Element Analyses." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 433–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1499960.

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The procedures described in this paper for determining a limit load is based on Mura’s extended variational formulation. Used in conjunction with linear elastic finite element analyses, the approach provides a robust method to estimate limit loads of mechanical components and structures. The secant modulus of the various elements in a finite element discretization scheme is prescribed in order to simulate the distributed effect of the plastic flow parameter, μ0. The upper and lower-bound multipliers m0 and m′ obtained using this formulation converge to near exact values. By using the notion of “leap-frogging” to limit state, an improved lower-bound multiplier, mα, can be obtained. The condition for which mα is a reasonable lower bound is discussed in this paper. The method is applied to component configurations such as cylinder, torispherical head, indeterminate beam, and a cracked specimen.

37

Chao, E. C. T., M. Tatsumoto, and E. H. McKee. "Caledonian subduction, repeated activation, and multiple episodes of mineralization of the Bayan Obo REE-Fe-Nb ore deposit, Inner Mongolia, China." Global Tectonics and Metallogeny 5, no. 1-2 (November 27, 1995): 37–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/gtm/5/1995/37.

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38

Lehmann, Heidi S., Ngaio J. Beausoleil, Kavitha Kongara, Preet M. Singh, Gabrielle C. Musk, and Craig B. Johnson. "The Effect of Different Concentrations of Halothane Anaesthesia on the Electroencephalograph of Rock Doves (Columba livia)." Birds 2, no. 2 (June 8, 2021): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds2020015.

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Anaesthetic agents and doses used can significantly impact cerebrocortical responsiveness as assessed by electroencephalography (EEG). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different halothane concentrations on the EEG of Rock Doves using measures of frequency distribution and burst suppression. Eight healthy Rock Doves (Columba livia) were anaesthetized with halothane in oxygen, their tracheas intubated and their lungs mechanically ventilated. Five minutes of EEG were recorded at three multiples of minimum anaesthetic concentration (MAC), 1× MAC (1.6%), 1.5× MAC (2.4%) and 2× MAC (3.2%), presented in ascending then descending order. Fast Fourier transformation of the raw EEG record gave the median frequency (F50), spectral edge frequency (F95) and the total power (Ptot). Burst suppression, expressed as inactive compared to active EEG (%), was calculated on a representative two-minute section of the raw EEG. Data were analysed using repeated-measures one-way ANOVA with Tukey post hoc correction for comparison of 1×, 1.5× and 2× MAC. Three of eight birds demonstrated negligible (<1%) burst suppression. No effect of halothane concentration on burst suppression incidence was seen. A significant decrease in all measured frequency variables (F50, p = 0.04; F95p = 0.02; Ptotp < 0.0001) occurred between 1× and 2× MAC. Halothane anaesthesia at MAC multiples of 1×, 1.5× and 2× in the Rock Dove can be considered suitable where cortical responsiveness is desired.

39

Moriya, Hirokazu. "Acoustic Emission/Seismicity at Depth Beneath an Artificial Lake after the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake." Applied Sciences 8, no. 8 (August 20, 2018): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8081407.

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Acoustic emission (AE)/seismicity activity increased near the city of Sendai, Japan, after the 11 March 2011 Tohoku earthquake in a newly seismically active region near the Nagamachi-Rifu fault, which caused a magnitude 5.0 earthquake in 1998. The source of this activity was around 12 km beneath an artificial lake. At the same time, activity on the Nagamachi-Rifu fault nearly ceased. More than 1550 micro-earthquakes were observed between 11 March 2011 and 1 August 2012, of which 63% exhibited similar waveforms and defined 64 multiplets. It appears that crustal extension of about 2 m during the Tohoku earthquake and additional extension of about 1 m during the following year changed the stress field in this region, thus generating micro-earthquakes and controlling their frequency. However, it has been presumed that crustal movement during the Tohoku earthquake did not affect the direction of principal stress, and that these events induced repeated quasi-static slips at asperities and the resultant micro-earthquakes.

40

Pan, L., and R. Seshadri. "Limit Loads for Layered Structures Using Extended Variational Principles and Repeated Elastic Finite Element Analysis." Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology 124, no. 4 (November 1, 2002): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1498845.

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Layered structures are used in industry due to their better cost-to-strength and weight-to-strength performance compared with conventional structures. This paper presents a simple and systematic procedure to estimate the limit load for those layered structures that can undergo plastic collapse. The extended Mura’s variational principle is used in conjunction with repeated elastic finite element analyses (FEA). The elastic parameters are modified in order to ensure that the repeated analyses lead to a stress distribution close to the limit state. The secant modulus of a given element within the finite element discretization scheme is employed to simulate the plastic flow parameter μ0, and rapid convergence of estimated multipliers to the exact value is achieved. By using the notion of “leap-frogging” to limit state, improved lower-bound values of limit loads have been obtained. The method has been applied to layered cylinders and beams.

41

Daragan, Vladimir A., and Kevin H. Mayo. "13C-{1H} NMR/NOE and multiplet relaxation data in modeling protein dynamics of a collagen 13C-enriched glycine GXX repeat motif hexadecapeptide." Journal of the American Chemical Society 114, no. 11 (May 1992): 4326–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00037a043.

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42

Samadi-Ghadim, A., P. Lampens, D. M. Jassur та P. Jofré. "KIC 8975515: A fast-rotating (γ Dor – δ Sct) hybrid star with Rossby modes and a slower δ Sct companion in a long-period orbit". Astronomy & Astrophysics 638 (червень 2020): A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936555.

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Aims. KIC 8975515 is a double-lined spectroscopic binary system with hybrid nature. Regular monitoring with the échelle spectrograph HERMES show that both components have matching atmospheric properties (Teff ∼ 7400 K), and that one of them is a fast rotator (v sin i = 162 versus 32 km s−1). Our aim is to study the Kepler light curve in order to determine the frequencies of the pulsations, to search for regular spacing patterns in the Fourier spectrum, if any, and to discuss their origin in the context of binarity and fast rotation. Methods. In this paper, we study the properties of the stellar pulsations based on a careful analysis of the Fourier spectrum. This was done by performing repeated frequency-search analyses with successive prewhitenings of all the significant frequencies detected in the spectrum. Moreover, we searched for regular period spacing among the g modes as well as frequency splitting among the g and p modes in frequency. Results. In the low-frequency regime, one series of prograde g modes and four series of retrograde r modes, were detected. The r modes are well-distributed with respect to the harmonics of the rotational frequency of the fast-rotating star frot = 1.647 d−1. The dominant g mode is f2 = 2.37 d−1. The strongest p mode is f1 = 13.97 d−1. We identified two multiplets of regularly split p modes with the mean values of 0.42 d−1 and 1.65 d−1. In addition, we also identified a few incidences of mode coupling (between f1 and a g or r mode). Conclusions. We detected five series of retrograde r and prograde g modes as well as two multiplets of p modes with rotational frequency splitttings related to both components of KIC 8975515. We identified the fast-rotating component as a hybrid pulsator with r modes, and the slowly-rotating component as a δ Sct pulsator.

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Klebanoff, L. E. "Technical and personal remembrances of David A. Shirley in studies of surface magnetism, photoelectron spectroscopy, EUV lithography, and hydrogen storage." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 40, no. 3 (May 2022): 033206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001816.

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This article describes the influence of Professor David A. Shirley on the research science of one of his Ph.D. students in the diverse areas of surface magnetism, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spin-resolved XPS (SRXPS), extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, and hydrogen storage materials science. Examples are given from the author's work on Cr(001) surface magnetism, XPS, and SRXPS studies of multiplet-splitting in core-level photoemission from Fe. In addition, Dave's influence in understanding the radiation-induced deposition of carbon on EUV optics is described, along with the use of XPS in deciphering how hydrogen storage materials are modified by repeated hydrogen adsorption/desorption cycling. The current status of these particular topics is briefly summarized. These technical remembrances are combined with some fond personal stories about Dave, in recognition of his passing on March 29, 2021.

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Klebanoff, L. E. "Technical and personal remembrances of David A. Shirley in studies of surface magnetism, photoelectron spectroscopy, EUV lithography, and hydrogen storage." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 40, no. 3 (May 2022): 033206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0001816.

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This article describes the influence of Professor David A. Shirley on the research science of one of his Ph.D. students in the diverse areas of surface magnetism, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spin-resolved XPS (SRXPS), extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, and hydrogen storage materials science. Examples are given from the author's work on Cr(001) surface magnetism, XPS, and SRXPS studies of multiplet-splitting in core-level photoemission from Fe. In addition, Dave's influence in understanding the radiation-induced deposition of carbon on EUV optics is described, along with the use of XPS in deciphering how hydrogen storage materials are modified by repeated hydrogen adsorption/desorption cycling. The current status of these particular topics is briefly summarized. These technical remembrances are combined with some fond personal stories about Dave, in recognition of his passing on March 29, 2021.

45

Otekunrin, Oluwaseun A., Adesola G. Folorunso, and Kehinde O. Alawode. "Number preferences in selected Nigerian lottery games." Judgment and Decision Making 16, no. 4 (July 2021): 1060–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500008081.

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AbstractIn this paper, we examined two pairs of datasets from selected Nigerian lottery games to determine players’ number preferences. Data explorations were conducted in the first pair of datasets to identify patterns in players’ choices of lottery numbers. The question whether players preferred number combinations that are well-spread out regardless of their true theoretical probabilities was examined in the second pair. In the first pair of datasets, we find that most players have a preference for small numbers especially 1 and 9. They also prefer numbers with repeated digits and tend to avoid multiples of 7 and numbers containing 7 (except 7 and 77). The most popular numbers are 90 and 1. In the second pair of the datasets, more than 50% of the players preferred selecting well-spread out number combinations than expected by chance.

46

Zhao, Xiao, Qiguan Qiu, Chang Li, Dongke Fu, Xuesong Hu, Shengjie Gao, Yugang Zhu, et al. "Genome-based development of 15 microsatellite markers in fluorescent multiplexes for parentage testing in captive tigers." PeerJ 8 (May 6, 2020): e8939. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8939.

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As one of the most endangered species, tiger (Panthera tigris) inbreeding has become an urgent issue to address. Using a microsatellite (short tandem repeat, STR) identification system, paternity testing may be helpful to avoid inbreeding in captive breeding programs. In this study, we developed a genome-based identification system named tiger pedigree identification multiplex system (TPI-plex). By analyzing the entire tiger genome, 139,967 STR loci were identified and 12.76% of these displayed three to six alleles among three re-sequenced individual tiger genomes. A total of 204 candidate STRs were identified and screened with a reference population containing 31 unrelated captive tigers. Of these, 15 loci were chosen for inclusion in the multiplex panel. The mean allele number and mean expected heterozygosity (He) were 7.3333 and 0.7789, respectively. The cumulative probability of exclusion (CPE) and total probability of discrimination power (TDP) reached 0.999999472 and 0.999999999999995, respectively. The results showed that the TPI-plex system can be applied in routine pedigree identification for captive tigers. We also added a sex identification marker named TAMEL into the TPI-plex for sex determination.

47

Bínová, Zuzana, Jiří Korecký, Jakub Dvořák, Jan Bílý, Dagmar Zádrapová, Václav Jansa, and Milan Lstibůrek. "Genetic Structure of Norway Spruce Ecotypes Studied by SSR Markers." Forests 11, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11010110.

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Norway spruce is a widespread and economically highly important tree species in Central Europe which occurs there in different morphotypic forms (also known as ecotypes). Previously established common garden experiments indicated that the morphological differentiation is most likely genetically determined. The genetic structure of Norway spruce morphological variants might be an indicator (marker) of specific sustainability in forest ecosystems. In this study, we investigated 436 individuals from autochthonous populations belonging to three different ecotypes. The main aim was to evaluate a level of genetic intra and interpopulation diversity among the low, medium and high-elevation ecotypes using both expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeats (EST – SSR) and genomic SSR markers. Sixteen highly polymorphic microsatellite loci folded in two newly designed multiplexes were used to depicture the genetic structure of targeted trees. Important allele frequency parameters, such as the mean expected (0.722, SE = 0.061) and observed (0.585, SE = 0.062) heterozygosity and mean effective number of alleles (Ne = 5.943, SE = 1.279), were estimated. The low genetic differentiation detected among different ecotypes (Fst = 0.008) was further discussed and clarified.

48

Jinno, Masao, Kenichi Kondou, and Koji Teruya. "Low-dose metformin improves pregnancy rate in in vitro fertilization repeaters without polycystic ovary syndrome: Prediction of effectiveness by multiple parameters related to insulin resistance." HORMONES 9, no. 2 (April 15, 2010): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14310/horm.2002.1266.

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49

Yakovenko, Olga, Felix Blyakhman, and Gerald H. Pollack. "Fundamental step size in single cardiac and skeletal sarcomeres." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 283, no. 3 (September 1, 2002): C735—C742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2002.

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In attempting to deduce the size of the elementary molecular translation step, recent experiments using single myosin molecules translating over actin filaments have shown a consistent step size of 5.4 nm (10, 21). We have carried out parallel measurements on single myofibrils from rabbit cardiac muscle and bumblebee flight muscle. Activated specimens were released or stretched with a motor-imposed ramp, and the time course of length of individual sarcomeres was measured by projecting the image of the striations onto a linear photodiode array and tracking the spacing between A-band centroids. We confirmed the 5.4-nm step. With subnanometer precision, however, we find that this value is two times that of a more fundamental step size of 2.7 nm. Step sizes were always integer multiples of 2.7 nm, whether the length change was positive or negative. This value is equal to the linear repeat of actin monomers along the thin filament, a result that ties dynamic events to molecular structure and places narrow constraints on any proposed molecular mechanism.

50

Xie, Minmin, Chen Chen, Yakun Wang, Wei Li, Lingyun Yu, Xiaoyou Hong, and Xinping Zhu. "Conservation Genetics of the Asian Giant Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelochelys cantorii) with Novel Microsatellite Multiplexes." Animals 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2022): 3459. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243459.

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To understand the genetic structure of the protected turtle species Pelochelys cantorii we used transcriptome data to design more than 30,000 tri- and tetranucleotide repeat microsatellite primer pairs, of which 230 pairs were used for laboratory experiments. After two screenings, only 10 microsatellite markers with good specificity, high amplification efficiency, and polymorphisms were obtained. Using the selected primers, two multiplex PCR systems were established to compare and analyze the genetic diversity of artificially assisted breeding generations from four parents (two females and two males) continuously bred over two years. A total of 25 alleles were detected among the 10 microsatellite loci of the offspring. The polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.313–0.674, with an average of 0.401, among which two loci were highly polymorphic (PIC ≥ 0.5). The number of alleles was 2–5 and the number of effective alleles was 1.635–3.614. The observed heterozygosity was 0.341–0.813, with an average of 0.582, whereas the average expected heterozygosity was 0.389–0.725, with an average of 0.493. Moreover, on the basis of Nei’s genetic distance and the Bayesian clustering algorithm, the 182 offspring were divided into two subgroups, and the results corresponded to the two maternal lines. This is the first study to investigate the molecular markers of P. cantorii, and the results obtained can be used to protect genetic resources and provide a genetic basis for the design of population recovery plans.

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