Дисертації: "Multiple social systems"

1

Vörös, András. "The emergence of multiple status systems in adolescent communities : a multiplex network theory of group formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9590194f-84e9-4548-b1fe-cf2f64ffc329.

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How do informal groups emerge in adolescent communities? What distinguishes a group from just a set of students? Who will end up together in a group and who will be left out? Why are there more groups in some classrooms and fewer in others? What determines whether these groups overlap in their members or they are completely segregated, perhaps antagonistic? While a huge body of research in sociology and social psychology focuses on these questions, an integrated approach that is able to answer all of them is yet to be developed. Without realizing that these five issues are interrelated, we cannot hope to understand how groups influence individuals and how they shape our communities. This thesis proposes an integrative theory of informal group formation in communities. Based on the tradition of Social Network Analysis, it develops a framework in which interpersonal relations and reputations are formed through a process called informal status production. Groups emerge from this micro-process by the alignment of positive relations and agreement in peer-perceptions between actors. The main micro-mechanisms predicted by the theory are tested on a unique longitudinal network dataset from school classrooms. To this end, a new empirical procedure was developed, by which a few aggregated networks can be constructed from tens of relational items. This allows the analysis of rich network data with several relational dimensions. The empirical studies of multiplex network dynamics confirm that there are strong interdependencies between friendships and perceptions. Students who agree about their peers tend to become friends, but more so when they hold a minority opinion in the class. This contributes to group formation. Friends also influence each other's perceptions, but we manage to show that the presence of groups around them interferes with this process by moderating the influence of individual peers.

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2

Sage, Nicole Ann. "Peer Network Emergence and Change in the Classroom: A Multiple Systems Perspective." PDXScholar, 2009. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/303.

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This study examined peer group processes in the classroom that can potentially explain how motivationally "rich" children get "richer" whereas motivationally "poor" children get "poorer." In contrast to research on group processes which focuses on socialization from group to individual, this study focuses on contributions from the individual to his/her group. The viewpoint taken for this study is that children actively choose group members based on their own self-system state, thereby creating their own peer environments in which they develop.Viewed as open complex systems, children's natural peer groups were examined using data collected from students and their teachers at five measurement points across a school year in four grade 4/5 classrooms. Out of 112 students, data were obtained for 94 (51 male, 43 female) children regarding their classroom engagement, peer network affiliations, and associative preferences ("ideal groups" of classmates with whom they would like to hang out). In an effort to overcome some of the challenges that group researchers face, methodologies argued to reliably capture children's networks and to measure the network's psychological characteristics were used. In addition, a hierarchical systems framework was applied whereby the underlying group processes could be examined across time. Two of seven hierarchical perspectives were used to examine influences from the individual to his/her network. Focusing first on the changing nature of a child's network, findings revealed a pattern of robust equilibrium. Networks showed an initial period of rapid change in member turnover (approximately 45%) during the first few months and then evolved quickly toward a stable (attractor) state of approximately 25% turnover the remainder of the year. Focusing next on the proximal processes by which the peer network emerges--selection and elimination--children were found to be more similar to those whom they would like to select than those whom they would like to eliminate. Taken together, the findings suggest that the child creates a peer context in the classroom that is stimulating and compatible to his/her own changes in engagement across the school year, thereby providing a possible explanation for how the motivationally "rich" get "richer" and the "poor" get "poorer".

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3

Zhang, Junshu. "Why Consumers Disclose Their Tourism Experiences on Tourism Social Networking Sites: Multiple Theoretical Perspectives." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6607.

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Tourism social networking sites (SNSs) are websites that provide users with templates for describing their travel experiences and an infrastructure to share such travel posts with a network of like-minded individuals. Tourism SNSs represent an important advertising channel for the tourism industry, as they may assist travelers in selecting destinations and planning vacations on the basis of other travelers’ experiences, which may further stimulate travel and generate income for the tourism industry (Yazdanifard & Yee, 2014). User-generated content (UGC) in the form of travel posts is the core offering and key success factor of tourism SNSs. Travel posts constitute a valuable resource that attracts users to these websites, and they serve as a key data feed into the data mining process that is used to develop travel products on tourism SNSs. However, one problem with tourism SNSs is that their users, especially the new ones, do not publish their travel experiences on these SNSs as often as they do on traditional SNSs, such as Facebook. This may result in a lack of content and, therefore, a loss of potential consumers and, consequently, revenue. Therefore, a study on self-disclosure behavior in writing travel posts may contribute to understanding the reasons why this problem exists and help tourism SNSs improve their service accordingly. The author used multiple theoretical perspectives (social exchange theory and social cognition theory) to develop a comprehensive self-disclosure framework. The framework was tested by using a partial least squares based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) approach with data from 443 participants recruited from the two most popular Chinese tourism SNSs: Qyer.com and mafengwo.cn. The findings show that self-disclosure behavior on tourism SNSs was significantly affected by self-benefit, positive feedback from other users, social benefits, rewards, tourism SNSs’ security mechanism, and ease of use. However, habit and motive did not have a statistically significant effect on self-disclosure behavior. Moreover, self-disclosure behavior positively affected electronic word of mouth (EWOM) relating to the tourism SNSs. Finally, the findings have theoretical and practical implications, and the thesis ends with a discussion of the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.

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4

Wilder, Jenny. "Proximal processes of children with profound multiple disabilities." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-8140.

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5

Degerman, Isabel, Johanna Eckerbom, and Hong Gu. "How do B2B companies approach CRM and the management of customer data in today’s era of social media and GDPR? : A Multiple Case Study." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-86069.

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This multiple case study focuses on the customer relationship management (CRM) processes and the management of customer data within two international business-to-business (B2B) companies based in the southern parts of Sweden. This study explores and compares these companies’ approaches to CRM in today’s era of social media and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). A qualitative research method in the form of 12 semi-structured interviews were conducted and later analyzed through coding using grounded theory. The findings of this study show that the companies studied work in both different and similar ways when it comes to CRM, with one having recently implemented a new CRM system while the other relies on their enterprise resource (ERP) system for the same purposes. Neither company are proactively using social media and although both companies have taken action to adapt to the new rules set by the GDPR, neither seem to know exactly how it works. Through its theoretical-, managerial-, as well as social policy implications, this study contributes to the existing research on CRM in a B2B context by providing a contemporary perspective which takes into account the influence of social media and the GDPR.

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6

Melamid, Elan. "What works? integrating multiple data sources and policy research methods in assessing need and evaluating outcomes in community-based child and family service systems /." Santa Monica, Calif. : RAND, 2002. http://www.rand.org/publications/RGSD/RGSD161/RGSD161.pdf.

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7

Spiegel, Rachel Hannah. "Drowning in Rising Seas: Navigating Multiple Knowledge Systems and Responding to Climate Change in the Maldives." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/76.

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The threat of global climate change increasingly influences the actions of human society. As world leaders have negotiated adaptation strategies over the past couple of decades, a certain discourse has emerged that privileges Western conceptions of environmental degradation. I argue that this framing of climate change inhibits the successful implementation of adaptation strategies. This thesis focuses on a case study of the Maldives, an island nation deemed one of the most vulnerable locations to the impacts of rising sea levels. I apply a postcolonial theoretical framework to examine how differing knowledge systems can both complement and contradict one another. By analyzing government-enforced relocation policies in the Maldives, I find that points of contradiction between Western and indigenous environmental epistemologies can create opportunities to bridge the gap between isolated viewpoints and serve as moments to resist the dominant climate change discourse.

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8

Partelow, Stefan [Verfasser], Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Schlüter, Marco [Gutachter] Verweij, Henrik von [Gutachter] Wehrden, and Xavier [Gutachter] Basurto. "Finding sustainability: Advancing multiple methods to apply the social-ecological systems framework / Stefan Partelow ; Gutachter: Marco Verweij, Henrik von Wehrden, Xavier Basurto ; Betreuer: Achim Schlüter." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2018. http://d-nb.info/116310941X/34.

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9

Qvarfordt, Oskar, and Liiban Aadan. "Digital dynamic capabilities for digital transformation in SMEs : A qualitative case study across multiple industries." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185579.

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Digital advancements are creating increasingly strong external triggers on multiple industries for organizations to achieve strategic renewal through digital transformation. At the heart of this digital transformation lies the capabilities which the organization possesses. The digital dynamic capabilities highlight what capabilities organizations require for said change. This qualitative study examines how digital dynamic capabilities affect digital transformation processes in small and medium sized enterprises (SME) across multiple industries. The thesis accomplishes this by utilizing the digital dynamic capabilities framework and applying it to six different SMEs from different industries. The results show a connection between the digital dynamic capabilities and successful strategic renewal. Furthermore, our findings confirm that digital dynamic capabilities are a process-model, meaning it must be built or used in linear fashion over time for strategic renewal. The thesis also contributes practically by showing how digital dynamic capabilities can be used by managers as a practical tool to evaluate, oversee, and implement digital dynamic capabilities to enhance digital transformation processes in SMEs. Lastly, our empirical findings reveal an additional fourth internal barrier of contentment in the theoretical framework.

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10

Kyrk, Marcus, and Jakob Eriksson. "Seeking the Unknown : A Multiple Case Study of Traditional Industries Engagement in the Digital Landscape." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185565.

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The digital landscape of the modern age is frequently disrupted by new and innovative technologies, causing traditional industries to become calcified. This study examines how organizations within a traditional setting are confronted with numerous challenges when undertaking the challenge of remaining relevant in a digital age. The growing interconnectivity across multiple business landscapes demands new and innovative forms of managing a business. Nevertheless, the related research on how traditional industries are adapting to the digitalization of society is limited. Therefore, the study aims to illustrate the phenomena of emerging organizational barriers caused by an ever-changing digital market through incorporating a multiple case study of two traditional organizations and asking the research question: “What barriers emerge as traditional firms seek to actively engage in the digitalization of society?” The study defines two such barriers, (1) The internal stress of an expanding organization and (2) the underlying silos of Sigma. The separate barriers illustrate an insight into the importance of understanding and mastering the internal process of continuous transformation.

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11

Page, Andrew. "Enablers and Inhibitors of Digital Startup Evolution : A Multiple-Case Study of Swedish Business Incubators." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för informatik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-175495.

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Global advances in digital technology are facilitating a corresponding rise in digital entrepreneurship and its startup manifestation. Many uncertainties exist upon the road to digital startup evolution; a number of which may be successfully navigated with the assistance of business incubators. While these organisations provide valuable guidance and support to the startup community, their efforts are, at least in some part, constrained by the lack of a consistent and coherent roadmap to guide both them and their incubatees. This work proposes a solution to that deficiency by addressing the question - What are the enabling and inhibiting factors in digital startup evolution within an incubator setting? - via a multiple-case study that examined digital startups under the umbrella of three business incubators in the city of Umeå, Sweden. This work builds on the existing literature both through its narrowed focus on incubators as well as through its presentation of the Ideation Dynamics Model as a proposed guide for both incubators and digital startups to follow.

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12

Shuster, Gabriela. "The Management Of Feral Pig Socio-Ecological Systems In Far North Queensland, Australia." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1357345563.

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13

Gonzalez, Granadillo Gustavo Daniel. "Optimization of cost-based threat response for Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) systems." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939091.

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Current Security Information and Event Management systems (SIEMs) constitute the central platform of modern security operating centers. They gather events from various sensors (intrusion detection systems, anti-virus, firewalls, etc.), correlate these events, and deliver synthetic views for threat handling and security reporting. Research in SIEM technologies has traditionally focused on providing a comprehensive interpretation of threats, in particular to evaluate their importance and prioritize responses accordingly. However, in many cases, threat responses still require humans to carry out the analysis and decision tasks e.g., understanding the threats, defining the appropriate countermeasures and deploying them. This is a slow and costly process, requiring a high level of expertise, and remaining error-prone nonetheless. Thus, recent research in SIEM technology has focused on the ability to automate the process of selecting and deploying countermeasures. Several authors have proposed automatic response mechanisms, such as the adaptation of security policies, to overcome the limitations of static or manual response. Although these approaches improve the reaction process (making it faster and/or more efficient), they remain limited since these solutions do not analyze the impact of the countermeasures selected to mitigate the attacks. In this thesis, we propose a novel and systematic process to select the optimal countermeasure from a pool of candidates, by ranking them based on a trade-off between their efficiency in stopping the attack and their ability to preserve, at the same time, the best service to normal users. In addition, we propose a model to represent graphically attacks and countermeasures, so as to determine the volume of each element in a scenario of multiple attacks. The coordinates of each element are derived from a URI. This latter is mainly composed of three axes: user, channel, and resource. We use the CARVER methodology to give an appropriate weight to each element composing the axes in our coordinate system. This approach allows us to connect the volumes with the risks (i.e. big volumes are equivalent to high risk, whereas small volumes are equivalent to low risk). Two concepts are considered while comparing two or more risk volumes: Residual risk, which results when the risk volume is higher than the countermeasure volume; and Collateral damage, which results when the countermeasure volume is higher than the risk volume. As a result, we are able to evaluate countermeasures for single and multiple attack scenarios, making it possible to select the countermeasure or group of countermeasures that provides the highest benefit to the organization

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14

Elie-dit-Cosaque, Christophe Max-Olivier. "Studies on adaptation to information systems : Multiple roles and coping strategies." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090038.

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L’adaptation individuelle aux technologies de l’information (TI) a reçu relativement peu d’attention dans la recherche en systèmes d’information (SI). Afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des problématiques que soulève ce concept, un format de thèse sur travaux est adopté. L’objectif est d’analyser des aspects distincts de l’interaction des utilisateurs avec les TI en lien avec la notion d’adaptation. Par conséquent, afin de mieux comprendre comment les utilisateurs de TI s'adaptent à ces dernières, cette étude examine (1) l’interaction d’utilisateurs avec une TI qui leur fournit différentes quantités d’information, en lien avec le succès de cette TI (DeLone et McLean 1992) (2) l’influence des valeurs culturelles épousées (Srite et Karahanna 2006) d'individualisme-collectivisme et d’évitement de l’incertitude sur les stratégies d’adaptation et de coping des individus lors de l’implémentation d’une TI disruptive, (3) et, partant d’une conceptualisation basée sur les études d’Emirbayer et Mische (1998) et Crozier et Friedberg (1977), les actions prises par des cadres intermédiaires lors de l’intégration d’une TI disruptive dans les unités locales d’une administration publique. Pour répondre aux questions de recherche qui sont posées, ces études adoptent des méthodologies quantitatives expérimentales (études 1 et 2) et qualitative (étude 3) et entendent contribuer à améliorer notre compréhension des réponses des individus aux changements liés à l’introduction des TI
Understanding individual adaptation to Information Systems (IS) has received relatively little attention in IS research. For furthering these issues, a multi-paper dissertation is adopted and studies distinct aspects of user interaction with IT related with adaptation. Thus, in order to better understand how system users adapt to IT disruptions this study examine (1) how system users who become disrupted by IS that provide them with too much information interact with these systems, (2) the influence of espoused cultural values (Srite and Karahanna 2006) on user coping strategies of adaptation to IS, and (3) middle managers responses to the implementation of disruptive IT in public administration. These dissertation studies together help improve our knowledge on individual adaptive responses to IT disruptions

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15

Barker, Alex. "Social identity change in people with multiple sclerosis : a social identity approach to the role of the family in identity reconstruction." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31273/.

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People with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergo changes to their identity and this might have an effect on mood. The subjective experience of this identity change is currently not well understood. Past research highlights that social groups, established prior to diagnosis, might protect against the harmful effects of identity change. No studies have specifically investigated this and the implications this may have for psychological interventions for mood in people with MS. This thesis first presents a systematic review of the efficacy of group based psychological interventions for low mood in people with MS compared to individual based interventions. Group based interventions were found to be more effective as treatments for depression in people with MS and this may be due to the peer support available. Previous research has highlighted that people may be more willing to accept peer support from people with whom they share a social identity. People undergo changes to identity due to MS, this thesis focuses on identity change following diagnosis. The family is seen as an important source of social support. A meta-synthesis of the role of the family in acting as a secure base for identity reconstruction was undertaken. The family may provide a secure base for identity reconstruction, as long as the coping strategies used by the person with MS and the family are aligned. Sixteen interviews were conducted with people with MS to examine changes to identity over time and what factors might have influenced this. Social support was important for incorporating the MS identity into overall sense of self. A survey study (n = 203) was then conducted to examine whether family identity may have an effect on mood through social support and connectedness to others, as hypothesized on the basis of the Social Identity Model of Identity Change. Family identity was directly negatively correlated to mood; however, it had an increased effect on mood through the mediators of social support and connectedness to others. This research in this thesis found that, if coping strategies are aligned, the family provides a secure base for identity reconstruction through social support, which can lead to self reflected appraisals in the person with MS. Identifying with the family group can have a positive effect on mood and can lead to increased interaction with other people with MS following adjustment. The implications of this research are that people do experience changes to their identity following a diagnosis of MS and that social support can help a person to incorporate this into their sense of self. The family can provide a secure base for identity reconstruction. Identifying with the family group can have a direct positive effect on a person’s mood, in line with the SIMIC. Family identity can also have an indirect effect on a person’s mood through the parallel mediators of family social support and willingness to join new social groups. Group psychological interventions have a greater effect on depression and anxiety in people with MS compared to individual interventions. People may be more willing to engage in-group interventions after an initial period of adjustment. Further research should investigate the SIMIC in people with other chronic conditions. The increased inclusion of the family in support for the person with MS could facilitate the adjustment process.

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16

Smale, Kathryn. "Better together? : a social identity approach to psychological adjustment groups for people with multiple sclerosis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38067/.

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People with multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly experience psychological problems including anxiety and depression. Evidence indicates that psychological interventions based on cognitive behavioural principles can help improve mental health. Such interventions are often delivered in groups and a common assumption is that the social interaction afforded by a group format is beneficial. The aim of this thesis is to explore this assumption and, drawing on social identity theory, investigate why and for whom MS psychological adjustment interventions are effective (or not) when delivered in a group. Social identity refers to the part of an individual’s self-concept that is derived from belonging to social groups. In the first study, a survey was conducted to establish an evidence base for the relationship between psychological wellbeing and social identity processes in people with MS (n=203). Continued membership of groups belonged to prior to diagnosis was associated with reduced psychological distress, highlighting the importance of social identity continuity. Increased anticipation of stigma as a result of having MS was associated with increased psychological distress. Identification with an MS group was associated with a small decrease in psychological distress when the effect of the other variables was accounted for. This raised the possibility that positive effects of MS group identification may be suppressed by an underlying negative influence of identifying with a socially devalued group. A realist synthesis was undertaken to gain further insight into how these processes may contribute to intervention success or failure. This identified several benefits of group format, but indicated that these benefits were more readily obtained when MS was not experienced as posing a threat to identity. When the identity threat from MS was high, there were indications that a group format could have negative consequences for psychological wellbeing. The identity-related benefits and drawbacks of individual and group interventions were explored further in a thematic analysis of interviews with 16 people with MS. Participants had taken part in a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of group versus individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Several benefits of group delivery were identified, including shared understanding, normalisation of illness and the opportunity to socialise, share information and challenge negative stereotypes. Perceived drawbacks included unhelpful group norms, putting on a mask and confrontation with a feared identity. Identity threat was found to be especially marked in the group delivery format and appeared to reduce intervention engagement. Identity threat varied depending on social identity continuity, incorporation of MS into identity, stigma, time since diagnosis, symptom progression, ageing and illness narrative. A narrative analysis of two of the interview transcripts highlighted the power of narrative perspective to influence how people respond to MS and offered an explanation for the differing responses to the prospect of taking part in group or individual interventions. This thesis makes valuable contribution to the literature in making explicit those aspects of group intervention format that confer benefit. It also draws attention to the identity-related drawbacks of a group format. The finding that identity threat may influence perceptions of, and engagement with, interventions offers an explanation for the mixed results in the literature regarding the efficacy of group interventions. The thesis findings begin to establish a theoretical basis for clinical decisions regarding whether to offer group or individual psychological adjustment interventions. An important implication is the need to frame, design and deliver group interventions in such a way as to reduce identity threat and promote a positive shared identity. Further research is now needed to investigate whether the proposed identity-related mechanisms impact intervention efficacy. In the planned multi-site RCT of group versus individual CBT it would be valuable to incorporate measures of MS group identification and identity threat. This would enable quantitative investigation of the degree to which these variables influence intervention engagement and efficacy.

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17

Rodrigues, Marília. "Desenvolvimento de um modelo computacional do balanço social sistêmico dinâmico." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3422.

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Submitted by Maicon Juliano Schmidt (maicons) on 2015-05-05T13:21:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marília Rodrigues.pdf: 4635899 bytes, checksum: e6ae4c9abe358047ed6135bcdbcb3480 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-05T13:21:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marília Rodrigues.pdf: 4635899 bytes, checksum: e6ae4c9abe358047ed6135bcdbcb3480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-27
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
UNISINOS - Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos
A dificuldade para visualizar o retorno que os investimentos na área social podem gerar para a sociedade e para a economia do país faz com que, tanto as empresas como o governo, não tenham a real dimensão das consequências destes investimentos ao longo do tempo. Dentro deste contexto, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo desenvolver um modelo computacional do Balanço Social Sistêmico Dinâmico, a fim de visualizar o efeito multiplicador gerado pelos investimentos do governo brasileiro na área social. O método de pesquisa adotado foi a Design Science Research que caracteriza-se pela construção e avaliação de artefatos desenvolvidos com o propósito de solucionar um problema. Na primeira fase da pesquisa, definiu-se a problemática envolvida neste estudo e elaborou-se o referencial teórico, onde os principais temas para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa foram abordados. Na segunda, selecionou-se as variáveis que foram utilizadas para a construção de uma estrutura sistêmica. Nesta fase também desenvolveu-se um modelo computacional piloto e o modelo computacional do Balanço Social Sistêmico Dinâmico. Na terceira e última fase, criou-se e simulou-se alguns cenários. Os resultados gerados pelos cenários foram utilizados para o cálculo do efeito multiplicador, que leva em consideração a evolução do PIB e dos gastos com saúde e educação. A partir do cálculo do efeito multiplicador concluiu-se que investimentos governamentais na área social geram impactos positivos sobre a economia do país. Onde o investimento em educação foi o que apresentou maior impacto sobre o PIB. No entanto, deve-se fazer uma combinação entre os investimentos em saúde, educação e infraestrutura tendo em vista a interdependência dos investimentos.
The difficulty to visualize the return that the investment in the social area can generate for society and the country economy, consequently makes both companies and the government, do not have the actual magnitude of the consequences of these investments over time. Within this context, the present research aimed to develop a computational model of a Systemic Dynamic Social Balance to view the multiplier effect generated by the investments of the Brazilian government in the social area. The research method adopted was the Design Science Research that is characterized by the construction and evaluation of artifacts developed for the purpose of to solve a problem. In the first phase of the research, was defined the problems involved in this study and drafted up the theoretical framework where the main themes for the development of the research were discussed. In the second, was selected the variables that were used to construct a systemic framework. At this stage was also developed a computational model pilot and computational model of a Systemic Dynamic Social Balance. In the third and final phase was created and simulated up some scenarios. The results generated by the scenarios were used to calculate the multiplier effect, which considers the evolution of GDP and costs on health and education. Whereof the calculation of the multiplier effect it was concluded that governmental social investments generate positive impacts on the economy of the country. Investment in education showed the greatest impact on GDP. However, one must make a combination between investments in health, education and infrastructure in view of the interdependence between investments.

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18

Beaumier, Maude. "Vulnerability of Inuit women's food system to climate change in the context of multiple socio-economic stresses - a case study of Arviat, Nunavut." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107673.

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Nunavut has the highest incidence of food insecurity in Canada, where 56% of Inuit households are believed to experience difficulties in obtaining sufficient food. Food insecurity occurs when food systems are stressed such that adequate nutrition is not accessible, available, and/or of insufficient quality. Inuit food systems comprising traditional and store food components are affected by economic, social and cultural transformations, and ecological changes, most notably associated with climate change. Inuit women have been identified to be particularly vulnerable to food insecurity, a condition that can be exacerbated by climate change stresses on their food system. This research identifies and characterizes the key factors determining Inuit women's food system vulnerability and adaptability to climate change and human stressors, and the factors contributing to food insecurity. This research was conducted in collaboration with the community of Arviat, Nunavut, using a community-based participatory research approach. Arviat is experiencing a high level of food insecurity, particularly among women. Photovoice, semi-structured interviews with Inuit women (n=42) and key informants (n=8), focus groups with women (n=7), elders (n=3) and hunters (n=2), and participant observations were used to collect in-depth qualitative data. Findings show that Inuit's food system in Arviat is sensitive to climate-related risks and changes, but climate change was not identified as affecting women's food security. Human factors such as financial resources and budgeting skills, store food knowledge, decrease in the transmission of country food knowledge, decrease in traditional training, substance use and gambling and high cost of living, negatively impact Inuit women's food security. On the other hand, a strong sharing network, governmental financial support and local educational initiatives help strengthen the food system and improve food security.
Le Nunavut connait la plus haute incidence d'insécurité alimentaire au Canada, où 56% des foyers ont de la difficulté à obtenir une quantité suffisante de nourriture. Ce pourcentage dépasse largement la moyenne canadienne. L'insécurité alimentaire se manifeste lorsque le système alimentaire est stressé, provoquant ainsi un accès et une disponibilité inadéquate à de la nourriture de qualité. Le système alimentaire des Inuit, qui se compose de nourriture traditionnelle et d'aliments importés, est affecté par des changements d'ordre économique, social, culturel, et environnemental notamment associé aux changements climatiques. Les femmes Inuit ont été identifiées comme étant particulièrement vulnérables à l'insécurité alimentaire, et donc plus sensibles aux changements climatiques. L'insécurité alimentaire, particulièrement lorsqu'elle est chronique, a des répercussions au niveau de la santé physique, mentale et sociale des femmes Inuit, et ainsi accroît leur susceptibilité aux infections et aux maladies chroniques. Cette recherche améliore la compréhension de la vulnérabilité et la capacité d'adaptation du système alimentaire des femmes Inuit au changement climatique, et ce dans le contexte de stresses socio-économiques. Ce travail identifie et caractérise les facteurs clés qui déterminent la sécurité ou l'insécurité alimentaire chez les femmes Inuit à l'aide d'une méthodologie basée sur l'étude de cas, qui s'inspire d'une approche de recherche participative communautaire (CBRP), et ce en collaboration avec la communauté d'Arviat, Nunavut. Le niveau d'insécurité alimentaire est élevé à Arviat, particulièrement chez les femmes. Diverses méthodes ont été utilisée afin d'obtenir des données qualitatives approfondies, telles que photovoice, entrevues semi-structurées avec des femmes Inuit (n=42) et des informateurs clefs (n=8), groupes de discussions avec des femmes (n=7), des personnes âgées (n=3) et des chasseurs (n=2), ainsi que l'observation participative. Les résultats démontrent que le système alimentaire des femmes Inuit est sensible aux risques et aux changements reliés au climat. Par contre, le changement climatique n'a pas été identifié comme un facteur affectant la sécurité alimentaire des femmes actuellement. Les facteurs humains tels que les ressources financières, la capacité à faire un budget, les connaissances au sujet de la nourriture d'épicerie, la diminution de la transmission des savoirs reliés à la nourriture traditionnelle, la réduction de l'éducation traditionnelle, la consommation de tabac et de drogues, les jeux de hasard et le coût de la vie élevé impactent négativement le système alimentaire des femmes Inuit. Malgré tout, un important réseau de partage et le support gouvernemental et local contribuent à renforcir le système alimentaire et la sécurité alimentaire. Les programmes communautaires à vocation éducative sont important afin d'assurer la sécurité alimentaire à long terme.

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19

Odebunmi, Olufeyisayo, Sylvester Olubolu Orimaye, Moboni Tosin Mokikan, Adeola Olubukola Awujoola, Adekunle Olumide Oke, Amy Poole, Timir Kumar Paul, et al. "Identifying Multiple Risk Factors of Hypertension for Reducing the Prevalence of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Rural Central Appalachia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/22.

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Introduction Hypertension occurs when there is persistent increase in the pressure of blood vessels in the body; this condition affects about 75 million people in the United States (U.S.). Hypertension is a major risk factor for Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). PAD is a narrowing of the peripheral arteries in legs, stomach, arms and head regions of the body except the heart. Research has shown that hypertension can be life-threatening for patients with PAD. Moreover, research supports an evidence of a low threshold for blood pressure treatment in patients with PAD. Additionally, current American Heart Association guidelines recommend treating hypertension in patients with PAD to reduce the risk of other cardiovascular disease (CVD) comorbidities. In Central Appalachia, the rate of hypertension and the corresponding risk factors is higher than the national average. As such, this study examined the multiple risk factors of hypertension in patients with PAD within the Central Appalachian region. Method The study population consists of patients diagnosed with PAD in a large health system in Central Appalachia from 2008 to 2018. We extracted 13,455 patients with PAD from Electronic Medical Records (EMR) system using ICD- 9 and ICD-10 codes. The outcome variable of the study was hypertension in PAD patients. Explanatory variables included gender, age, and cardiovascular risk factors (myocardial infarction (MI), Body Mass Index (BMI), diabetes mellitus, smoking status, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and hypercholesterolemia). Multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess the association between risk factors of hypertension in male and female PAD patients. All analyses were performed using SPSS version 24. RESULTS Of the total PAD patients in the study, 45.8% were females and 54.2% were males. Of these patients, 79.1%, 45.7% and 22.6% had hypertension, diabetes and a history of MI, respectively. Upon stratifying based on gender, the odds of hypertension in PAD female patients with a history of MI was approximately 5.4 times (OR: 5.4, CI : 1.80-16.21) and 2.6 times higher with diabetes (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.43-4.83). Whereas in PAD male patients, the odds of hypertension was 3.9 (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.61-9.21) and 2.6 times (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.43-4.83) higher in those with a history of MI and diabetes, respectively. Stratifying by MI, the odds of hypertension in PAD increased by 2.8 times in patients with diabetes (OR: 2.6, CI: 1.75-4.49). Stratifying by diabetes showed that the odds of hypertension in PAD increased by 4.7 times in patients with MI (OR: 4.7, CI: 1.32-17.07). CONCLUSION The study showed that odds of hypertension in PAD patients is increased in the presence of diabetes and history of MI in both genders. Therefore, controlling diabetes and myocardial infarction will have the greatest impact in reducing the likelihood of hypertension leading to decreased morbidity and mortality in patients with PAD.

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20

Dugdale, Hannah L. "The evolution of social behaviour : the effect of mating system and social structure in the European badger Meles meles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:7ed20660-75ff-4984-98d3-792a7bf88668.

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Studies of mating systems and social organisation have been central to understanding of the evolution of social behaviour. The European badger Meles meles is a good species in which to study these processes, as its complex social system provides an opportunity to investigate how both natural and kin selection shape the evolution of mating systems and social structure. In this thesis, I use behavioural and genetic data to describe the mating system and social organisation of a high-density badger population and examine the occurrence of cooperative breeding. I genotyped 915 (85%) badgers trapped in Wytham Woods (1987–2005), 630 of which were cubs, and assigned both parents to 331 cubs with 95% confidence. This revealed a polygynandrous mating system, with up to five mothers and five fathers per social group. Mounting behaviour was also polygynandrous and I show the strongest evidence to date for multiple-paternity litters. I demonstrate, for the first time, that groups consisted of close and distant kin: approximately one third of group members were first-order kin, and overall group members had slightly lower relatedness levels than half-siblings. Within groups, adult and yearling females had higher pairwise relatedness than males, and neighbouring groups contained relatives. These findings result from the high level (42%) of extra-group paternities, 86% of which were assigned to neighbouring males. For the first time I show that females avoided inbreeding by mating with extra-group males; however, incestuous matings did occur. Promiscuous and repeated mountings were observed, which may reduce male–male aggression and infanticide, but may also promote sperm competition, genetic diversity, and / or genetic compatibility. Just under a third of adult males and females were assigned parentage each year and I quantify, for the first time, reproductive skew within badger groups. Correlations between relatedness, group productivity, and reproductive skew were not consistent with the predictions of incomplete-control models; rather, resource availability may play a role. Older and younger badgers displayed reduced annual breeding success, with male success increasing initially with experience. The Restraint, Constraint, and Selection Hypotheses did not explain the age-related breeding pattern in females. Variance in lifetime breeding success (LBS) was greater for males. Males that only bred within or only outside of their groups had half the LBS of males that did both. Females that were assigned maternity probably bred cooperatively and allonursed non-offspring, which has not been demonstrated previously. No benefit was established, however, in terms of litter size, probability of offspring breeding, or offspring lifetime breeding success, with more mothers in a group. In conclusion, badger social groups are fostered through kinship ties. Polygynandry and repeated mounting may have evolved originally to reduce male–male aggression and infanticide by males, through paternity masking. Although plural breeding occurs, group living appears to be costly. Motivation to disperse may be reduced through high-levels of extra-group paternities, which may also reduce inbreeding. Cooperative breeding among mothers may represent a low-cost behaviour with indirect benefits due to high levels of relatedness between female group-members. Badger sociality therefore represents an early stage in the evolution of social behaviour.

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21

Barnhart, Tei. "Conceptual frameworks and models for effective delivery of distance education : a planning aid tool derived from multiple case studies." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6837.

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22

Buchheit, Pauline. "Le recueil de multiples finalités de l'environnement en amont d'un diagnostic de vulnérabilité et de résilience : Application à un bassin versant au Laos." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016IAVF0008.

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Le Laos est un pays enclavé et faiblement peuplé qui se trouve aujourd’hui, après plusieurs décennies de conflits liées à la décolonisation et à la guerre froide, au cœur d’un processus d’intégration économique régionale. Une croissance économique très rapide, soutenue par le développement massif des infrastructures de transport et d'exploitation des ressources naturelles, a des conséquences aussi importantes que différenciées sur les populations et leurs moyens d’existence. Les concepts de résilience et de vulnérabilité ont été employés dans différentes disciplines pour analyser et gérer des dynamiques sociales et écologiques face à des changements rapides et incertains. Parfois mis en opposition ou imbriqués, ces deux concepts s’insèrent dans une diversité de cadres d’analyse des relations société-environnement. Si l’ensemble des travaux étudiés soulignent la nécessité d’employer de multiples échelles d’analyse pour prendre en compte la complexité des phénomènes étudiés, ils n’évaluent cependant pas la vulnérabilité et la résilience aux mêmes niveaux : certains sont centrés sur les acteurs, tandis que d’autres considèrent des systèmes socioécologiques englobants. Or, les enjeux considérés comme prioritaires par les auteurs influencent l’échelle et les limites du système dont est évaluée la résilience ou la vulnérabilité. En amont d’un tel diagnostic, il semble donc nécessaire d’identifier les enjeux de résilience et de vulnérabilité que l’on souhaite aborder. Mais cette tâche dépasse selon nous les compétences des seuls scientifiques, et doit être ouverte à d’autres acteurs. La question est alors : comment peut-on prendre en compte des points de vue multiples dans la conceptualisation du système à évaluer ? Pour cela, nous proposons un cadre conceptuel qui considère un système socioécologique à la fois comme une représentation particulière de l’environnement construite par un acteur, et comme un ensemble finalisé d’éléments, organisé en une hiérarchie de niveaux d’observation, répondant chacun à une finalité, ou fonction. Nous avons alors élaboré et testé une démarche visant à recueillir les représentations systémiques qu’ont différents acteurs de leur environnement, c’est-à- dire la façon dont ils structurent un système socioécologique qui fait sens pour eux, en fonction des finalités qu’ils assignent à leur environnement. Cette démarche a été testée dans le bassin versant de la rivière Nam Lik, district de Fuang, province de Vientiane, qui abrite depuis 2010 le barrage hydroélectrique de Nam Lik 1-2. Une série d’ateliers ont été organisés auprès d’habitants de la zone d'étude, d’employés de l’administration locale et d’enseignants de l’université nationale du Laos. En amont d’un éventuel diagnostic de la vulnérabilité ou de la résilience du terrain d'étude, la thèse propose donc une réflexion sur les différents cadrages possibles de ces concepts, et sur les méthodes permettant de les recueillir auprès d’acteurs multiples
Lao PDR is a landlocked country with low population density, which stands nowadays in a process of regional economic integration, after suffering wars related to decolonization and Cold War during several decades. A very fast economic growth, based on the development of infrastructures of transport and natural resource exploitation, has led to large differentiated impacts on populations and their resource based livelihoods. The concepts of resilience and vulnerability have been used in different disciplines to analyze and manage the dynamics of geographical areas and social groups facing rapid and uncertain changes. Both concepts are used within a variety of frameworks of analysis of society-environment relationships. While all reviewed frameworks take into account multiple scales of analysis in order to tackle the complexity of the studied phenomena, they do not, however, assess vulnerability and resilience at the same scales. In particular, some frameworks are actor-centered, while others are system-centered. The scale and limit of the socioecological system whose resilience or vulnerability is assessed depend on the issues that the authors want to tackle. Before such an assessment, it seems necessary to identify the issues of resilience and vulnerability that we want to address. This task should not be taken over by scientists alone, but by other stakeholders as well. The question is: how can we incorporate multiple viewpoints in the system design? For this, our framework considers a socioecological system both as a specific representation of the environment offered by a stakeholder, and as a set of elements contributing to one function. This system is organized in a hierarchy of levels of observation, in which each level corresponds to an intermediary function. We developed and tested a process to collect system representations of the environment from various stakeholders, that is to say, the way they structure a socioecological system that makes sense to them, according to the purposes that they assign to their environment. This approach has been tested in the catchment area of the Nam Lik river, Fuang district, Vientiane province, where the Nam Lik 1-2 hydropower dam was built in 2010. A series of workshops were held with residents of the study area, employees of local government and Lao National University teachers. At the earliest stage of a vulnerability or resilience assessment in the field study, this thesis proposes a reflection on the possible framings of these concepts, as well as methods to collect them from multiple stakeholders

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23

Seppecher, Pascal. "Modélisation multi-agents d'une économie monétaire de production : un système dynamique et complexe d'interactions réelles et monétaires entre des agents multiples, hétérogènes, autonomes et concurrents." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00693151.

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Nous présentons un modèle numérique d'économie de marché décentralisée, fonctionnant hors de l'équilibre, composée de deux grands groupes d'agents (entreprises et ménages) auxquels sont respectivement associées deux fonctions économiques principales (production et consommation). Ces fonctions s'exercent dans le respect des règles des économies capitalistes (propriété privée des moyens de production, échanges monétaires, salariat). Les agents sont des individus en interaction directe et indirecte (et non des agents représentatifs ou des agrégats), chacun poursuivant son propre but, agissant en fonction de son état individuel et de l'environnement proche, sans se préoccuper du tout de l'équilibre général du système et sans contrôle supérieur (ni de la part d'un planificateur, ni d'un commissaire-priseur). Le modèle respecte les trois principes essentiels des économies monétaires: - le processus de production prend du temps et les entreprises ont besoin de crédit pour lancer ce processus; - la monnaie est endogène, elle est créée par le crédit bancaire à la production; - les entreprises sont guidées par le motif de profit et ce profit est monétaire. Implémenté en Java, le modèle se présente comme un laboratoire virtuel permettant de conduire de véritables expériences "in silico". Les interactions réelles et monétaires entre les agents (multiples, hétérogènes, autonomes et concurrents) forment un système dynamique et complexe dont les propriétés macroéconomiques ne sont pas postulées. Nous reconstruisons ainsi les conditions de l'émergence de comportements macroéconomiques inobservables dans les modèles basés sur les notions d'agent représentatif et d'équilibre général.

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24

Dagostin, Henrique. "Avaliação de desempenho da diretoria de desenvolvimento de pessoal em uma instituição pública de ensino superior por meio da metodologia multicritério de apoio à decisão - construtivista." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/1856.

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O departamento de gestão de pessoas tem deixado de atuar de forma meramente burocrática, passando a ser considerado como uma unidade estratégica nas organizações, desta forma, é crescente a necessidade por estudos relacionados à atuação da gestão de recursos humanos, os quais devem propor novos debates teóricos, modelos e abordagens para as práticas de gestão. Neste sentido, a presente dissertação teve como objetivo principal, desenvolver um modelo de avaliação de desempenho organizacional para apoiar a diretoria de desenvolvimento de pessoal da Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFS, por meio da metodologia multicritério de apoio à decisão – construtivista. Este estudo de caso, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, foi desenvolvido com o auxílio de dois instrumentos de intervenção, o ProKnow-C, por meio do qual realizou-se: (i) a seleção de artigos científicos relevantes sobre o tema em estudo; (ii) a análise bibliométrica, sendo extraído os artigos, autores, periódicos e palavras-chave mais relevantes sobre o tema; e, (iii) a análise sistêmica dos artigos permitiu construir conhecimento no pesquisador e identificar lacunas na literatura sobre com foco no desenvolvimento de pessoal em instituições públicas de ensino. Utilizando o segundo instrumento de intervenção, a MCDA-C, foi possível construir o modelo de avaliação de desempenho organizacional, por meio de interação direta com o decisor, sendo possível descrever os objetivos, metas, aspectos desejáveis, indesejáveis, os problemas e as preocupações do mesmo em relação ao contexto em análise, organizando-os em uma estrutura que possibilitou realizar a mensuração, avaliação global da situação atual e propor ações de aperfeiçoamento. Os principais resultados obtidos da análise sistêmica foram: (i) nenhum trabalho identifica o decisor no trabalho e o tem em conta para a construção integral do modelo; (ii) menos de 4% dos trabalhos reconhecem que o modelo é válido somente para contexto em análise; (iii) a totalidade dos artigos não atendem a teoria da mensuração; (iv) apenas 3 dos 29 artigos analisados realizam a integração dos critérios para obter uma avaliação global do desempenho; e, (v) nenhum trabalho apresenta ações de aperfeiçoamento. Os principais resultados da construção do modelo de avaliação de desempenho organizacional foram: (i) construção de 75 indicadores de desempenho; (ii) permitiu obter a avaliação global de desempenho, possibilitando visualizar os pontos fracos e fortes do desempenho da gestão, a qual encontra-se atualmente com 55 pontos; (iii) possibilita visualizar o impacto das ações sobre o desempenho global; e, (iv) possibilitou elencar 13 ações para promover o aperfeiçoamento, de forma que o desempenho geral alavancasse de 55 para 79 pontos. Desta forma, o estudo é suma importância para a gestão de recursos humanos da UFFS, visto que: (i) supre a dificuldade de afirmar que determinado resultado se deve a uma determinada prática adotada pela gestão de recursos; (ii) supre a dificuldade da organização em definir indicadores organizacionais de gestão de recursos humanos que possam ser comparáveis antes e depois de intervenções; e (iii) preenche uma lacuna na literatura, de estudos que considerem a singularidade do contexto, tendo o decisor em conta para a construção integral do modelo.
The human resource management department has been not to act in a purely bureaucratic way anymore, and then it is considered as a strategic unit in organizations. Therefore, there is a growing need for studies related to action management on the human resources, what should propose new theoretical debates, models and approaches to the management practices. In this sense, the present work points out to develop a performance evaluation model to support the department of development of people of the Universidade Federal da Fronteira Sul - UFFS, through Methodology Multiple-criteria Decision Analysis – Constructivist. This case study, exploratory and descriptive, was developed with the help of a couple intervention tools, the ProKnow-C, through it was held: (i) the selection of relevant scientific papers on the subject under study; (ii) the bibliometric analysis, being extracted the most relevant articles; authors; journals and keywords on the topic; and, (iii) the systemic analysis of the articles allows to build knowledge in Researcher and identify gaps in the literature of the performance evaluation focused on the development of people in public educational institutions. Using the second policy instrument, the MCDA-C, it was possible to build the organizational performance assessment model, through direct interaction with the decision maker what makes possible describe the objectives; goals; the desirable and the undesirable aspects; problems and concerns on this issue in relation to the context of this inquire; organizing them into a structure that enabled perform the measurement, overall assessment of the current situation and propose improvement actions. The main results of the systemic analysis were: (i) no work identifies the decision-maker at work and take into account for the full construction of the model; (ii) less than 4% of the work recognize that the model is valid only for context in analysis; (iii) all the articles don’t meet the theory of measurement; (iv) only 3 of 29 analyzed articles realize the integration of the criteria for an overall assessment of performance; (v) no work shows improvement actions. The main results of the construction of performance evaluation model were: (i) building of 75 performance indicators; (ii) allowed to obtain the overall performance evaluation, making it possible to visualize weaknesses and strengths of management performance, which is currently 55 points; (iii) allows one to view the impact of actions on the overall performance; and, (iv) made it possible to list 13 actions to promote improvement, so that overall performance leaped from 55 to 79 points. Thus, the study is extremely important for the management of human resources of the UFFS, since: (i) supplies the difficulty of stating that certain result is due to a practice of resource management; (ii) supplies the difficulty of the organization in defining organizational indicators of human resource management that are comparable, before and after interventions; and, (iii) fills a gap in the literature of the studies that consider the uniqueness of the context, taking the decision maker into account for the full construction of the model.

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25

Colebrook, Ross T. "Stubborn Systems: Two New Multiple Coherent Systems Objections for Coherentist Moral Realism." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-9798.

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In Moral Realism and the Foundations of Ethics, David Brink defends a version of moral realism that makes use of a coherentist epistemology. I argue that we have good reasons to prefer a coherentist epistemology in ethics, and that common arguments in favor of foundationalism and against coherentism fail. I conclude that only the multiple coherent systems (MCS) objection poses a serious threat to coherentism, and that there is a way of meeting this objection as it is traditionally construed. Doing so requires adding an explanatory requirement to coherentism: a coherent system must not only be coherent, but explain why it is coherent. Though I argue that the MCS objection fails as traditionally construed, I propose variants of the objection which apply specifically to coherentist moral realism. Based on the social intuitionist model of moral decision-making, I point to evidence which indicates that intuitive moral judgments are the cause of reasoned moral judgments. This raises two problems: "the problem of intransigence" and the "limited problem of intransigence." These two problems constitute MCS objections to coherentist moral realism. The first problem claims that coherentism itself might not be possible for actual human beings, and that even if people are capable of forming coherent systems of belief, these systems are necessarily radically divergent as a result of various cultural and sociological factors. The second problem is that the coherentist moral realist should not expect a single moral system to result from moral reasoning (even ideally), because all such systems will include intuitions which are immune to reasoning. I argue that these MCS objections must be overcome if coherentist moral realism is to be a viable option.

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Easter, Sarah. "Homelessness through different lenses: negotiating multiple meaning systems in a Canadian tri-sector social partnership." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/7234.

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Research has shown that socially-focused partnerships that cross sectors (referred to as social partnerships within) are necessary in order to effectively address pressing societal issues such as poverty. Yet, in these complex organizational contexts, there is often variability within and between involved organizations as it relates to basic assumptions around work and the meanings given to practices at macro, meso and micro levels of analysis. Put differently, there are often a plurality of meaning systems at play in such multi-faceted organizational arrangements. Accordingly, the purpose of this dissertation was to understand to what extent multiple meaning systems exist in social partnerships focused on addressing multi-faceted societal challenges and, whether and how such differences in meaning systems are strategically negotiated over time. At a deeper theoretical level, this research was focused on illuminating the processes by which meaning systems are negotiated when organizational boundaries are blurred and when a plurality of meaning systems are at play, with a central focus on players that act as boundary spanners within these complex organizational contexts. To understand the complexities at play in social partnerships emanating from multiple meaning systems, I conducted a multi-site ethnographic study, involving in-depth interviews and participant observation, of the Greater Victoria Coalition to End Homelessness Society (Coalition) located in Victoria, British Columbia. In doing so, I utilized the principal literature streams that address multiple meaning systems at work: the culture literature in organization studies and the institutional logics perspective. As well, I incorporated other literatures based upon the emergent findings, namely organizational identity. Through this work I make a number of contributions within the area of sustainability, particularly the social partnership literature, as well as organizational theory. Empirically, I develop a process model that elucidates how players negotiate multiple meanings of organizational identity over time in a social partnership setting characterized by permeable boundaries and shared authority, at the group level of analysis. This is significant as we know little about how identity plays out in such multi-faceted organizational settings with continual blurred boundaries even as research has indicated that such arrangements are likely to surface identity issues among players (Maguire & Hardy, 2005). I also elucidate how individual players bridge across multiple meaning systems in a social partnership over time, answering the call for more research concerning the role of individuals and their interactions with organizations in the collaboration process over time (Manning & Roessler, 2014). To my knowledge, this work is one of the first of its kind to empirically explore tri-sector socially focused collaborations – involving players from the public, private and nonprofit sectors – that are more integrative and interconnected in nature (Austin & Seitanidi, 2012a) and that employs a process based perspective to understand how such collaborations unfold over time. In addition, I theoretically develop the link between institutional logics and organizational culture that emerged empirically via this study to guide future integrative work to holistically account for the multiplicity of meaning systems at work within and between such multi-faceted arrangements.
Graduate
2020-04-01

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27

Gumede, Mkhonzeni. "Communication to societies that hold multiple belief systems : an experience from KwaZulu-Natal." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/2653.

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Geertz (1994) asserts that man is an animal suspended in webs of significance represented by culture. Culture, education, Christianity, self concept and context are some of the webs of significance that Geertz (1994) refers to. We are always spinning on these webs and sometimes it is difficult to predict responses to new information as we are continuously suspended on these webs. Presented in a narrative framework, using an autoethnographic approach, this is a story about self in relation to the contextual landscape that I continue to interact with which is mediated by family, culture, Christianity, education (academic discipline) and my experience of working for DramAidE. The aim is to understand DramAidE’s practice and investigate ways of improving communication strategies in public health. This story discusses the complex interaction between belief, identity and context in mediating responses to public health communication. Using Act Alive as a case study, I explore how people receive information about HIV/AIDS and how this information is interpreted and applied.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

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28

Bond, Samuel. "How Should I Think About It?: Perceived Suitability and the Resolution of Simultaneous Conflicting Preferences." Diss., 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10161/376.

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Consumers often face conflict between what "makes sense" and what "feels right" - between logical analysis and intuition. This dissertation focuses on the means by which such conflict is resolved. Extending dual-process models of judgment, we suggest that consumers often select a processing output based on their assessment regarding the appropriateness of experiential (system-1) and analytical (system-2) responses. Specifically, we propose distinct mechanisms that affect the weighting of experiential versus analytical outputs by influencing the perceived suitability of each processing mode, and we test these mechanisms in a series of experimental studies. In order to demonstrate the broad applicability of our framework, these studies investigate numerous domains in which the 'head' and 'gut' produce opposing responses, employ diverse manipulations of perceived suitability, and utilize multiple judgment and evaluation measures.The dissertation is organized in three chapters. Chapter One provides an overview of dual-systems theories and introduces the notion of simultaneous conflicting preferences. In addition, the chapter describes our conceptualization of perceived suitability as a metacognitive construct and lays out a model by which this construct influences the resolution of conflicting preferences. Chapter Two presents six empirical studies spanning a number of paradigms relevant to consumer behavior and social cognition. As an initial demonstration, Studies 1-2 utilized a semantic priming task to manipulate representations of experiential and analytical processing, and then tested the effects of this manipulation in a game of chance pitting a logically superior option against one that was perceptually appealing. Studies 3-6 expanded our model to situations involving conflict between implicit and explicit brand attitudes. Three of these studies (3, 5, and 6) tested the proposition that prior-formed, 'implicit' attitudes will affect even overt preferences to the extent that experiential processing is deemed suitable to the evaluation task. The other (Study 4) identified various decision characteristics that may affect the perceived suitability of each processing mode in real-world decisions. Chapter Three concludes the dissertation by reviewing the evidence for our conceptual model and discussing both theoretical and practical contributions of the question "How should I think about it?" in situations pitting instincts against reason.
Dissertation

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29

Johansson, Benjamin, and Elias Almqvist. "Building a decision support system to predict the number of visitors to an amusement park : Using an Artificial Neural Network and Statistical Analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355503.

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In this thesis, we develop a decision support system for the amusement park Skara Sommarland. The aim is to predict how many visitors will come to the park in order to help the management allocate the correct amount of personnel on any given day. In order to achieve this, the widely used CRoss-Industry Standard for Data Mining framework was applied to finally build a multiple linear regression (MLR) function and an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The data used to develop the models were Skara Sommarland’s historical business data and historical weather data for the surrounding area. Additionally, a fully functional web application was built which allowed the management at Skara Sommarland to use the predictions in their daily operations. The ANN outperformed the MLR and managed to achieve about 80% accuracy in predicting the number of visitors, reaching the initial data mining goal set by the project group. The conclusion formed by this thesis is that an ANN can be used to predict the number of visitors to an amusement park similar to Skara Sommarland. The final IT artifact produced can realistically help improve an amusement park’s operations by avoiding over- and under-staffing.

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30

Kim, Minkyoung. "Dynamics of Information Diffusion." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/13652.

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Real diffusion networks are complex and dynamic, since underlying social structures are not only far-reaching beyond a single homogeneous system but also frequently changing with the context of diffusion. Thus, studying topic-related diffusion across multiple social systems is important for a better understanding of such realistic situations. Accordingly, this thesis focuses on uncovering topic-related diffusion dynamics across heterogeneous social networks in both model-driven and model-free ways. We first conduct empirical studies for analyzing diffusion phenomena in real world systems, such as new diffusion in social media and knowledge transfer in academic publications. We observe that large diffusion is more likely attributed to interactions between heterogeneous social networks as if they were in the same networks. Thus, external influences from out-of-the-network sources, as observed in previous work, need to be explained with the context of interactions between heterogeneous social networks. This observation motivates our new conceptual framework for cross-population diffusion, which extends the traditional diffusion mechanism to a more flexible and general one. Second, we propose both model-driven and model-free approaches to estimate global trends of information diffusion. Based on our conceptual framework, we propose a model-driven approach which allows internal influence to reach heterogeneous populations in a probabilistic way. This approach extends a simple and robust mass action diffusion model by incorporating the structural connectivity and heterogeneity of real-world networks. We then propose a model-free approach using informationtheoretic measures with the consideration of both time-delay and memory effects on diffusion. In contrast to the model-driven approach, this model-free approach does not require any assumptions on dynamic social interactions in the real world, providing the benefits of quantifying nonlinear dynamics of complex systems. Finally, we compare our model-driven and model-free approaches in accordance with different context of diffusion. This helps us to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of topic-related diffusion patterns. Both approaches provide a coherent macroscopic view of global diffusion in terms of the strength and directionality of influences among heterogeneous social networks. We find that the two approaches provide similar results but with different perspectives, which in conjunction can help better explain diffusion than either approach alone. They also suggest alternative options as either or both of the approaches can be used appropriate to the real situations of different application domains. We expect that our proposed approaches provide ways to quantify and understand cross-population diffusion trends at a macro level. Also, they can be applied to a wide range of research areas such as social science, marketing, and even neuroscience, for estimating dynamic influences among target regions or systems.

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31

Chien, Yi-Chu, and 簡亦楚. "Text-based Influence Propagation Analysis System for Multiple Role Social Network." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37543948503926432708.

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碩士
國立中央大學
資訊工程學系
101
With the rise of social network service, there are many social behaviors. The most popular behaviors are information sharing and following. Users share their ideas and interesting things with their friends on social network sites. Moreover, users select some people to follow and obtain information. The past researchers focused on the evaluation of influence, based on using the social structure to analyze and find the most influential user. Few researches discussed how the propagation took place between users. And I believe that social network is a heterogeneous network, we cannot just classify a user as a specific topic. User are supposed to have multiple roles in the different topics. With the different influential relationship, user’s identity may be active or passive. So, I propose an integrated analysis system, which supports text-based content and find the valuable feature of social network. The research is composed of four parts. First, I define the hierarchical interesting topic structure generated by data related with targeted users. Second, I try to determine the feature of users according to their activities. User may belong to one interesting topic or many interesting topic at the same time. Third, I extract the influential propagation paths for analysis. The last part is that I build TIPAS (Text-based Influence Propagation Analysis System), which provides analyst to analyze influence which caused propagation paths. For easy understanding, I also use the concept of data visualization to display the analysis results.

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32

Beirão, Rúben André Sousa. "A multiple criteria route recommendation system." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/22095.

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The work to be developed in this dissertation is part of a larger project called Sustainable Tourism Crowding (STC), which motivation is based on two negative impacts caused by the tourism overload that happens, particularly, in the historic neighborhoods of Lisbon. The goal of this dissertation is then to mitigate those problems: reduce the tourist burden of points of interest in a city that, in addition to the degradation of the tourist experience, causes sustainability problems in different aspects (environmental, social and local). Within the scope of this dissertation, the implementation of one component of a recommendation system is the proposed solution. It is based on a multi-criteria algorithm for recommending pedestrian routes that minimize the passage through more crowded places and maximizes the visit to sustainable points of interest. These routes will be personalized for each user, as they consider their explicit preferences (e.g. time, budget, physical effort) and several constraints taken from other microservices that are part of the global system architecture mentioned above (e.g. weather conditions, crowding levels, points of interest, sustainability). We conclude it is possible to develop a microservice that recommend personalized routes and communicate with other microservices that are part of the global system architecture mentioned above. The analysis of the experimental data from the recommendation system, allows us to conclude that it is possible to obtain a more balanced distribution of the tourist visit, by increasing the visit to more sustainable places of interest and avoiding crowded paths.
O trabalho a desenvolver nesta dissertação insere-se num projeto de maior dimensão denominado Sustainable Tourism Crowding (STC), cuja motivação assenta, essencialmente, em dois impactos negativos provocados pela sobrecarga turística que se verifica, nomeadamente, nos bairros históricos de Lisboa. O objetivo desta dissertação é, então, mitigar esses problemas: reduzir a sobrecarga turística dos pontos de interesse mais visitados numa cidade que, além da degradação da experiência turística, causa problemas de sustentabilidade em diversos aspetos (ambiental, social e local). No âmbito desta dissertação, a implementação de um componente de um sistema de recomendação é a solução proposta. Baseia-se num algoritmo multicritério de recomendação de percursos pedonais que minimiza a passagem por locais mais apinhados e maximizam a visita a pontos de interesse mais sustentáveis. Essas rotas serão personalizadas para cada utilizador, pois consideram as suas preferências (por exemplo, tempo, orçamento, nível de esforço físico) e várias restrições retiradas de outros microsserviços que fazem parte da arquitetura do sistema global mencionado acima (por exemplo, condições meteorológicas, níveis de apinhamento, pontos de interesse, níveis de sustentabilidade). Concluímos que é possível desenvolver um microsserviço que recomenda rotas personalizadas e que comunica com outros microsserviços que fazem parte da arquitetura global do sistema mencionada acima. A análise dos dados experimentais do sistema de recomendação, permite-nos concluir que é possível obter uma distribuição mais equilibrada da visita turística, aumentando a visita a pontos de interesse mais sustentáveis e evitando percursos mais apinhados.

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Chen, Chuan-Chang, and 陳泉璋. "A System for Better Integration of Knowledege From Multiple Sources/Types and Enhancement of Social Group Sharing." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79265364501697559860.

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碩士
淡江大學
資訊工程學系碩士班
103
This paper extends a system of integrating knowledge contents from multiple sources and types based on dotCMS, and focuses on sharing of knowledge contents from both internal and external social groups. We represent the knowledge contents as knowledge objects (KOs), and classify four types of KOs for items, super items, user pages, and internal social groups (iGroups). All these KOs can be applied in both internal and external social groups. An iGroup provides an environment to gather users that have common interests in which each user can distribute and post KOs for sharing, and can collect KOs from other users. Since each KO is associated with a single URL, it can be easily published to Facebook or Google+. These KOs can be retrieved directly from Facebook or Google+ as well.

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Vichaya, Elisabeth Good. "The Impact of Social Stress on Central Nervous System Inflammation and T Cell Response to Theiler’s Virus Infection." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-05-9139.

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A growing body of evidence suggests that social stress contributes to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). For example, prior research has shown that social disruption (SDR) stress behaviorally and immunologically exacerbates Theiler’s murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection. TMEV infection results in acute infection of the central nervous system (CNS) followed by a chronic demyelinating autoimmune disease, similar to that seen in MS. Research suggests that social stress exerts these effects by altering the immune response to infection. More specifically, it is hypothesized that SDR sensitizes the acute inflammatory response to infection and suppresses T cell effector function in the acute phase of disease. It was demonstrated that SDR is sufficient to alter inflammation. Exposure to a single session of SDR increases IL-‐1β mRNA expression; however, IL-‐6 mRNA expression, but not IL-‐1β, is up regulated in response to chronic SDR. Furthermore, chronic SDR prior to infection resulted in increased infection related central IL-‐6 and IL-‐1β mRNA expression, and central administration of IL-‐6 neutralizing antibody during SDR reverses this increase in neuroinflammation. This suggests that SDR sensitizes infection related CNS inflammation through an up-‐regulation of IL-‐6. Chronic SDR prior to infection also resulted in enhanced CNS viral titers and suppression of virus-‐induced CD4 and CD8 T cell IFN-‐γ release within the CNS. As a whole, this research indicates that SDR exacerbates the disease course of TMEV infection by altering the central innate and adaptive immune response to infection. This research enhances our understanding of the mechanisms by which social stress exacerbates neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis.

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35

Hanford, Ann Dowie. "The development of a therapist through participation in a reflecting team." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1832.

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This thesis is a study of the development of a group of students during the time they spentworking as a reflecting team in family therapy. Due to an increase in the number of students enrolled for the Masters degree in Educational Psychology in the years from 2001, there was concern about the students experience of family therapy, since they would not all be likely to counsel a family. The study, which was undertaken over a period of two years, allows a comparison of two different experiences of being part of a reflecting team. The first year the whole group formed a single team, whereas, the group in the second year split into two teams, working on a fortnightly basis. The growth of the students as therapists was assessed by means of questionnaires and an interview with the trainer in terms of self-reflection, willingness to risk.
Social work
MA(SS)(Mental Health)

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Nel, Jacoba Elizabeth. "Ontwikkeling van 'n reflekterende span met 'n ekosistemiese benadering tot gesinsterapie." Diss., 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/15600.

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Afrikaans text
Besorgdheid het in die gemeenskap bestaan oar die toenemende getalle kinders wat binne die stedelike konteks van Pretoria op straat leef en werk. Hierdie navorsing is onderneem om die behoeftes van die kinders aan te spreek en om alternatiewe wyses te vind om met hulle te werk. 'n Konteks is geskep sodat na hulle stemme geluister kon word. nag 'n alternatief tot "tradisionele" vorme van gesinsterapie bruikbaar is, op sekere voorwaardes, soos aangedui in hoofstuk vier. Sleutelwoorde: reflekterende span; "straatkinders"; ekosistemiese benadering; ekologie; epistemologie; konstruktivisme; objektivisme; kubernetika; sisteemteorie; mikro-, meso- en makrosisteme; sirkulere en liniere punktuasie Ekosistemiese beginsels is aanvanklik benut, maar was nie vir die span wat saamgewerk het, betekenisvol nie. 'n Gevallestudie-ontwerp was nuttig om die ontwikkeling en "opleiding" van die span wat sou saamwerk, te beskryf, asook die benutting van ekosistemiese beginsels tydens dienste aan die "straatkinders" en hulle gesinne by ltumeleng. Die navorsing het aangedui dat 'n ekosistemiese benadering tot gesinsterapie as
The community showed concern about the increasing number of children living and working on the streets within the urban context of Pretoria. This researchwas undertaken to address the needs of these children and to find alternative ways of working with them. A context was created so that their voices could be heard. Ecosystemic principles were initially used, but were not meaningful to the team who worked together. A case study design proved useful in developing and "training" of the team who would be working together, as well as applying ecosystemic principles while making services available to the "street children" and their families in ltumeleng. The research indicated that an ecosystemic approach to family therapy could be used as an alternative to "traditional" forms of family therapy, subject to certain conditions, as stipulated in Chapter Four.
Social Work
M.A. (Sosiale Wetenskappe (Geestesgesondheid))

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Reis, Inês Filipa Coutinho. "A knowledge-based decision support system for sustainable city livability evaluation." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/14605.

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The real estate industry is an important indicator of national economies and is influenced by the environment in which it operates. Several countries were seriously affected by the most recent international financial crisis, including Portugal. Nevertheless, it is still an interesting area to invest in, in spite of the challenges cities may face nowadays that influence their sustainable livability. For this reason, it seems logical to develop and apply methodologies aimed at evaluating sustainable city livability. It is worth noting, however, that there are methodological limitations typically associated with the majority of the current applications (e.g. how to select and weight criteria in the evaluation), which have been hampering the progress. Hence, this dissertation aims to develop a knowledge-based decision support system to evaluate sustainable city livability, in a transparent and informed way. To achieve this goal, it combines cognitive mapping techniques and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The advantages and limitations of this integrative evaluation model are also analyzed and discussed.
O mercado imobiliário é um indicador importante das economias mundiais e é influenciado pelo ambiente em que opera. Muitos foram os países seriamente afetados pela mais recente crise financeira internacional, incluindo Portugal. Não obstante, este continua a ser uma área de investimento interessante, ainda que, hoje em dia, as cidades possam enfrentar desafios que influenciam a sua habitabilidade sustentável. Por essa razão, parece lógico o desenvolvimento e a aplicação de metodologias que permitam avaliar a sustentabilidade habitacional de uma área urbana. No entanto, limitações metodológicas comuns à maioria das aplicações (e.g. processo de seleção e ponderação dos critérios de avaliação) têm dificultado os progressos alcançados. Assim, a presente dissertação pretende desenvolver um “termómetro” de habitabilidade sustentável que, de forma informada e transparente, permita apoiar a tomada de decisão no mercado imobiliário urbano, através da combinação do uso integrado de técnicas de mapeamento cognitivo e da metodologia Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). As vantagens e as limitações do uso deste sistema integrativo de avaliação serão também analisadas e discutidas.

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