Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Multilayered membranes"

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Статті в журналах з теми "Multilayered membranes"

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Porras-Gómez, Marilyn, Hyunchul Kim, Mohan Teja Dronadula, Nurila Kambar, Christopher J. B. Metellus, Narayana R. Aluru, Arend van der Zande, and Cecília Leal. "Multiscale compression-induced restructuring of stacked lipid bilayers: From buckling delamination to molecular packing." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): e0275079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275079.

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Lipid membranes in nature adapt and reconfigure to changes in composition, temperature, humidity, and mechanics. For instance, the oscillating mechanical forces on lung cells and alveoli influence membrane synthesis and structure during breathing. However, despite advances in the understanding of lipid membrane phase behavior and mechanics of tissue, there is a critical knowledge gap regarding the response of lipid membranes to micromechanical forces. Most studies of lipid membrane mechanics use supported lipid bilayer systems missing the structural complexity of pulmonary lipids in alveolar membranes comprising multi-bilayer interconnected stacks. Here, we elucidate the collective response of the major component of pulmonary lipids to strain in the form of multi-bilayer stacks supported on flexible elastomer substrates. We utilize X-ray diffraction, scanning probe microscopy, confocal microscopy, and molecular dynamics simulation to show that lipid multilayered films both in gel and fluid states evolve structurally and mechanically in response to compression at multiple length scales. Specifically, compression leads to increased disorder of lipid alkyl chains comparable to the effect of cholesterol on gel phases as a direct result of the formation of nanoscale undulations in the lipid multilayers, also inducing buckling delamination and enhancing multi-bilayer alignment. We propose this cooperative short- and long-range reconfiguration of lipid multilayered films under compression constitutes a mechanism to accommodate stress and substrate topography. Our work raises fundamental insights regarding the adaptability of complex lipid membranes to mechanical stimuli. This is critical to several technologies requiring mechanically reconfigurable surfaces such as the development of electronic devices interfacing biological materials.
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Ullrich, O., W. Haase, and C. Koch-Brandt. "Elevated cAMP levels induce multilayering of MDCK cells without disrupting cell surface polarity." Journal of Cell Science 104, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 719–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.104.3.719.

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The effect of hormones on the morphology and cell surface polarity of the epithelial cell line MDCK was examined. When MDCK cells were seeded in high densities in media containing FCS a regular monolayer was formed. However, in serum-free medium supplemented with insulin, transferrin, prostaglandin E1, hydrocortisone and triiodothyronine, the development of a multilayer with intercellular lumina was observed. In hormone-depletion studies we identified PGE1 as the inducer of these multilayers. Since dibutyryl cyclic AMP and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutyl methylxanthine could substitute for PGE1, we conclude that an elevated intracellular cAMP level resulted in formation of the multilayer. Further analysis by electron microscopy and immunocytochemistry revealed a polarized organization of the multilayered cells. Junctional complexes, enclosing microvilli-rich membrane domains, were found at the apices of adjacent cells facing the medium and those surrounding the intercellular lumina. Surprisingly, cells participating in the formation of both the free surface and the surface of the intercellular lumen, exhibited two distinct membranes with microvilli, each separated by junctional complexes. Immunolocalization of membrane marker proteins demonstrated that an apical 114 kDa membrane protein was localized to the free cell surfaces, the same membrane domains where extensive microvilli were also observed. The distribution of a basolateral 58 kDa membrane protein was restricted to sites of cell contact. These results provided evidence that nontransformed epithelial MDCK cells form multilayers in response to elevated cAMP levels; however, they retain the potential of developing cell surface polarity.
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Weitao, Zhou, Huang Haitao, Du Shan, Huo Yingdong, He Jianxin, and Cui JianxinShizhong. "Layer-by-Layer Structured Membranes of Silk Fibroin and Polyethylenimine on Electrospun Silk Fibroin Nanofibers." Open Materials Science Journal 8, no. 1 (September 29, 2014): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874088x01408010081.

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Self-assembled silk fibroin (SF)-polyethylenimine (PEI) multilayered films were fabricated on ethanol treated electrospun SF nanofibrous substrates via the electrostatic layer-by-layer (LBL) adsorption. The film coated membranes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectrophotometer (XPS). The SEM images showed that the multilayers of SF-PEI were formed on the surface of the ethanol treated SF nanofibres. The characteristics such as the fiber shape and porous structure were well maintained as the number of the coated SF-PEI bilayers was less than five. However, obvious adhesive substances and blocked pores were observed on the surface of the fibers as the number of bilayers of SF-PEI increased to six. Furthermore, the obvious core-shell structures were observed by TEM. The thickness of five SF-PEI bilayers was approximately 80nm. Additionally, the XPS results also revealed that the SF-PEI multilayer composite membranes formed. The adsorption mainly depended on a simple electrostatic interaction between the layers of SF and PEI. These SF-PEI multilayer assembled nanofibrous membranes could be a promising material for use as a sensor, gene delivery agent and scaffolds.
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Fasolin, Stefano, Simona Barison, Filippo Agresti, Simone Battiston, Stefania Fiameni, Jacopo Isopi, and Lidia Armelao. "New Sustainable Multilayered Membranes Based on ZrVTi for Hydrogen Purification." Membranes 12, no. 7 (July 21, 2022): 722. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12070722.

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Some metals belonging to groups IV and V show a high permeability to hydrogen and have been studied as possible alternatives to palladium in membranes for hydrogen purification/separation in order to increase their sustainability and decrease their costs. However, to date, very few alloys among those metals have been investigated, and no membrane studies based on 4–5 element alloys with low or zero Pd content and quasi-amorphous structure have been reported so far. In this work, new membranes based on ZrVTi- and ZrVTiPd alloys were tested for the first time for this application. The unprecedented deposition of micrometric-based multilayers was performed via high-power impulse magnetron sputtering onto porous alumina substrates. Dense Pd/ZrxVyTizPdw/Pd multilayers were obtained. The composition of the alloys, morphology and structure, hydrogen permeance, selectivity, and resistance to embrittlement were tested and analyzed depending on the deposition conditions, and the membrane with the enhanced performance was tuned. The environmental impact of these membranes was also investigated to ascertain the sustainability of these alloys relative to more common Pd77Ag23 and V93Pd7 thin-film membranes using a life cycle assessment analysis. The results showed that the partial substitution of Pd can efficiently lead to a decrease in the environmental impacts of the membranes.
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Nakamura, Masanori, Kyoichi Saito, Kazuyuki Sugita, and Takanobu Sugo. "Application of Crosslinked-Aminoacylase-Multilayered Membranes to Bioreactor." membrane 23, no. 6 (1998): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.23.316.

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Zyryanov, Vladimir V., and Vladislav A. Sadykov. "Design of multilayered ceramic MIEC membranes." Desalination 199, no. 1-3 (November 2006): 299–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.03.176.

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Rasmussen, Torben Valdbjørn, Tessa Kvist Hansen, Yvonne Shashoua, Lisbeth M. Ottosen, Louise Green Pedersen, Jens Kromann Nielsen, and Frederik R. Steenstrup. "Performance of Polyethylene Vapor Barrier Systems in Temperate Climates." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 1768. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101768.

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The performance of nine different vapor barrier systems comprising polyethylene (PE) membranes were assessed. The vapor barrier systems comprised membranes of virgin PE, 100% new PE, regenerated PE and multilayered virgin and regenerated PE. Membranes were joined either with tape suited to the individual system or an adhesive base on butyl rubber. The vapor barrier systems were evaluated and compared using standard laboratory tests. Chemical analytical techniques and physicomechanical tests were used. Mechanical properties were assessed using laboratory tests recommended by the harmonized standard EN 1385. Chemical analyses followed standard laboratory protocols performed with specialized equipment and visual examination. Chemical and mechanical properties were determined before and after exposure to an aging regime comprising 168 days at 70 °C in total. The chemical stability of the plastic present in each membrane was further evaluated after an additional exposure to an aging regime comprising 50 days followed by another 30 days at 70 °C. Additional aging indicated chemical changes in the membrane material with time. However, it was not possible to distinguish between aging properties for membranes containing virgin PE, 100% new PE, regenerated PE or multilayered virgin and regenerated PE.
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Stanton, Brian W., Jeremy J. Harris, Matthew D. Miller, and Merlin L. Bruening. "Ultrathin, Multilayered Polyelectrolyte Films as Nanofiltration Membranes." Langmuir 19, no. 17 (August 2003): 7038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la034603a.

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Park, Chulwoo, Ferlin Robinson, and Daejoong Kim. "On the Choice of Different Water Model in Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Nanopore Transport Phenomena." Membranes 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2022): 1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12111109.

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The water transport through nanoporous multilayered graphene at 300k is investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation with different water models in this study. We used functionalized and non-functionalized membranes along with five different 3-point rigid water models: SPC (simple point charge), SPC/E (extended simple point charge), TIP3P-FB (transferable intermolecular potential with 3 points—Force Balance), TIP3P-EW (transferable intermolecular potential with 3 points with Ewald summation) and OPC3 (3-point optimal point charge) water models. Based on our simulations with two water reservoirs and a porous multilayered graphene membrane in-between them, it is evident that the water transport varies significantly depending on the water model used, which is in good agreement with previous works. This study contributes to the selection of a water model for molecular dynamics simulations of water transport through multilayered porous graphene.
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Sakai, Yasuyuki, and Teruo Fujii. "Organization of Multilayered Cell Sheets on Highly Oxygen-permeable Silicone Membranes." MEMBRANE 37, no. 3 (2012): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5360/membrane.37.119.

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Дисертації з теми "Multilayered membranes"

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Luk-Cyr, Jacques. "Experiments and modeling of multilayered coatings and membranes : application to thermal barrier coatings and reverse osmosis membranes." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/93822.

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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 153-157).
In this thesis, I developed a novel methodology for characterizing interfacial delamination of thermal barrier coatings. The proposed methodology involves novel experiments-plus numerical simulations in order to determine the material parameters describing such failure when the interface is modeled using traction-separation constitutive laws. Furthermore, a coupled fluid-permeation and large deformation theory is proposed for crosslinked polymers with a view towards application to reverse-osmosis. A systematic simulation plus experiment-based methodology is proposed in order to calibrate the material parameters of the theory. Finally, the process of reverse osmosis is studied in the context of water desalination. An experimental set-up is proposed in order to characterize the thin-film composite membranes widely used in the industry, and a preliminary set of experiments are performed.
by Jacques Luk-Cyr.
Part 1. Thermal barrier coatings -- part 2. Reverse osmosis membranes -- part 3. Thin-film-composite membranes: application to reverse osmosis in water desalination.
S.M.
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Knowles, Michelle Kay. "Fourier Imaging Correlation Spectroscopy : technique development and application to colloidal thin films and intracellular mitochondrial transport /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113013.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.
Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 205-212). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
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Kett, Peter John Nicholas. "The structure of multilayer films studies by sum frequency generation spectroscopy." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609776.

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Nolte, Marc. "Integration of freestanding polyelectrolyte multilayer membranes in larger scale structures." Phd thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=980023440.

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Sagidullin, Alexandr, Jochen Meier-Haack, and Ulrich Scheler. "Water diffusion through asymmetric polymer membranes and polyelectrolyte multilayers." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-197044.

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Sagidullin, Alexandr, Jochen Meier-Haack, and Ulrich Scheler. "Water diffusion through asymmetric polymer membranes and polyelectrolyte multilayers." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 131, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14473.

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Branco, Carolina Musse. "Multilayer membranes for intermediate temperature polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7717/.

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IT-­PEFC operating at 120°C and not the usual 80°C has many advantages, such as faster chemical reactions. If the gas humidification is reduced, simpler and lighter humidifiers can be used, leading to a reduction in the fuel cell total cost. However, at this condition the current commercial membrane Nafion is not able to hold water and perform satisfactorily. Therefore, in this study the application of multilayer membranes for IT-PEFC was investigated. These membranes were divided into two groups, a first with external layers of Nafion and an inner layer of sulphonated polyindene, and a second with external layers of Nafion and an inner layer of graphene oxide. The membrane preparation method was also investigated. The multilayer membranes were prepared by hot pressing and solution casting. As a result, cast multilayer membranes showed better performance and proton conductivity than hot pressed. Delamination and low interface interaction were the main drawbacks for hot pressed membranes. Cast multilayer sulphonated polyindene membranes showed higher performance than Nafion at 120°C and 20% of relative humidity. In the meantime, cast graphene oxide multilayer membranes showed higher water uptake and open circuit voltage than Nafion.
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Wu, Dongzhu. "SUBSTRATE DESIGN AND MEMBRANE STABILITY OF MULTILAYER COMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR CO2 SEPARATION." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1510429230811329.

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Han, Tai Chun. "Effects of geometric variation and residual stress on the dynamic response of multilayerd thin membrane structures." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2007/T_Han_080107.pdf.

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Barrett, David James. "Electrophoretic deposition of command-set collagen/hyaluronic acid multilayer films for ridge augmentation applications." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275620.

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Книги з теми "Multilayered membranes"

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International Workshop on Amphiphilic Membranes (1991 Jülich, Germany). The structure and conformation of amphiphilic membranes: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Amphiphilic Membranes, Jülich, Germany, September 16-18, 1991. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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L, Andrew P. Hydrogen permeation through multilayer metallic membranes. Mississauga, Ont: Canadian Fusion Fuels Technology Project, 1991.

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Andrew, Philip L. Hydrogen permeation through multilayer metallic membranes. [Toronto, Ont.]: University of Toronto, 1990.

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Andrew, Philip L. Hydrogen permeation through multilayer metallic membranes. Downsview, Ont: UTIAS, 1991.

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Richter, D., and R. Pipowsky. The Structure and Conformation of Amphiphilic Membranes: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Amphiphilic Membranes, Julich, Germany, Septemb (Springer Proceedings in Physics). Springer, 1992.

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Andrew, Philip *. Hydrogen permeation through multilayer metallic membranes. 1991.

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Частини книг з теми "Multilayered membranes"

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Nunes, Suzana Pereira. "Multilayered Thin Film Composite Membranes." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–3. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_398-1.

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Burtovyy, Oleksandr, Viktor Klep, Tacibaht Turel, Yasser Gowayed, and Igor Luzinov. "Polymeric Membranes: Surface Modification by "Grafting to" Method and Fabrication of Multilayered Assemblies." In ACS Symposium Series, 289–305. Washington DC: American Chemical Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2009-1016.ch022.

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Basile, F., P. Benito, G. Fornasari, M. Monti, E. Scavetta, M. Tonelli, and A. Vaccari. "Electrochemical Preparation of Pd Seeds/Inorganic Multilayers on Structured Metallic Fibres." In Membranes for Membrane Reactors, 409–18. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470977569.ch17.

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Harrison, D. Jed, Francis Moussy, Stephen Jakeway, Zhoughui Fan, and Ray V. Rajotte. "Multilayered Coatings of Perfluorinated Ionomer Membranes and Poly(phenylenediamine) for the Protection of Glucose Sensors In Vivo." In Interfacial Design and Chemical Sensing, 255–63. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0561.ch022.

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Majumdar, Swachchha. "Ceramic Multilayer Membranes." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 356–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44324-8_2128.

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Majumdar, Swachchha. "Ceramic Multilayer Membranes." In Encyclopedia of Membranes, 1–2. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-40872-4_2128-1.

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Bruening, Merlin L. "Creating Functional Membranes Through Polyelectrolyte Adsorption." In Multilayer Thin Films, 907–24. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527646746.ch38.

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González Rodríguez, Luis Mario, and Fernando Tiscareño Lechuga. "Three-Dimensional Modeling and Simulation of Multilayer Spacers for Spiral Wound Membrane Modules." In Membranes, 87–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45315-6_10.

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Grobe, V., W. Albrecht, W. Maikschin, P. Klug, B. Tietgens, and Th Weigel. "MULTILAYER MEMBRANES I. A HEW TYPE OP ASYMMETRIC SYNTHETIC MEMBRANES." In Synthetic Polymeric Membranes, edited by Blahoslav Sedláček and Jaroslav Kahovec, 127–40. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110867374-014.

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Zhang, Yafei, and Da Chen. "The FBAR with Membrane Structure." In Multilayer Integrated Film Bulk Acoustic Resonators, 71–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31776-7_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Multilayered membranes"

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Ahmed, Numair, and Placid Ferreira. "Closed-Loop Control of Soft Active Composites." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-52587.

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This paper presents the possibility of closed-loop regulation of position or force at features (posts) on an active composite membrane. Active composite membranes are multilayered membranes with different functions, actuation, sensing, interconnect, mechanical compliance tuning assigned to them. Here we demonstrate the ability to perform closed-loop control on an array of four posts on a membrane stamp designed for micro-transfer printing. The paper also assesses the positioning and force resolution obtaining from such membranes.
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Oviroh, Peter Ozaveshe, Sunday Temitope Oyinbo, Sina Karimzadeh, and Tien-Chien Jen. "Multilayer Separation Effects on MoS2 Membranes in Water Desalination." In ASME 2021 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69156.

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Abstract Climate change and its related effects are imposing severe stress on the current freshwater supplies. This has been exacerbated due to the growth in population, rapid industrialization, and increased energy demand. Increased water requirement is a global challenge. Although more than 70% of the Earth is covered by water, much of it is unusable for human use. Freshwater reservoirs, ponds, and subterranean aquifers account for just 2.5% of the world’s overall freshwater availability. Unfortunately, these water supplies are not very unevenly spread. Therefore, the need to augment these supplies through the desalination of seawater or brackish water. Reverse osmosis (RO) is currently the most widespread method of desalination. However, the unit cost of water is still high partly due to the thin-film composite (TFC) polymer membranes used in the current desalination system. Thus the need for low-cost nanomaterials for Water Desalination and Purification. A promising way to meet this demand is to use two-dimensional (2D) nanoporous materials such as graphene and MoS2 to minimize energy consumption during the desalination process. New nanotechnology methodologies that apply reverse osmosis have been developed. Among some of these technologies is using 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2, which have been studied extensively for water desalination. Single-layer nanoporous 2D materials such as graphene and MoS2 promises better filtrations in the water channel. Although single-layer MoS2 (SL_MoS2) membrane have much promise in the RO desalination membrane, multilayer MoS2 are simpler to make and more cost-efficient. Building on the SL_MoS2 membrane knowledge, we have used the molecular dynamics method (MD) to explore the effects of multilayer MoS2 in water desalination. This comparison is made as a function of the pore size, water flow rate and salt rejection. In addition, we also looked at the effect of the increased interlayer spacing between layers of the nanoporous 2D membrane and then made the comparison. The ions rejection follows the trend trilayer> bilayer> monolayer from results obtained, averaging over all three membrane types studied for the MoS2, the ions rejection follows the trend trilayer > bilayer > monolayer. We find that the thin, narrow layer separation plays a vital role in the successful rejection of salt ions in bilayers and trilayers membranes. These findings will help build and proliferate tunable nanodevices for filtration and other applications.
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Yamamoto, Takao. "Membrane-Membrane Interaction and Free Energy of Multilayer Membrane System." In SLOW DYNAMICS IN COMPLEX SYSTEMS: 3rd International Symposium on Slow Dynamics in Complex Systems. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1764092.

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Bragaru, A., M. Miu, M. Simion, T. Ignat, I. Kleps, V. Schiopu, M. Purica, and F. Craciunoiu. "Polyelectrolytes multilayers membranes for different functionalities." In 2009 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smicnd.2009.5336584.

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Mohammadi, Mahshid, and Kendra V. Sharp. "Cost Optimization of a Multilayer Microchannel Dialyzer." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14046.

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A microchannel-based hemodialyzer offers a novel approach to hemodialysis practice and holds many promises to improve kidney patients’ life quality and dialysis treatment efficiency. The hallow fiber hemodialyzer, a conventional dialysis device, has certain limitations including non-uniformity of the dialysate flow path which necessitates the use of a high dialysate flow rate. The microchannel-based hemodialyzer with flat membranes remarkably improves the mass transfer characteristics and enables the design of a smaller and less expensive unit with lower dialysate-to-blood flow rate ratios [1, 2]. In the microchannel-based design, successive stacked layers alternate between blood flow and dialysate flow. A porous membrane between these layers allows for the transport of toxins from blood side to dialysis fluid side. A schematic view of a single layer is shown in Fig. 1.
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6

Yamamoto, Takao. "Free Energy Increment of Multilayer Membrane System due to Membrane-Membrane Interaction Potentials." In FLOW DYNAMICS: The Second International Conference on Flow Dynamics. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2204515.

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7

Bragaru, A., M. Kusko, M. Simion, T. Ignat, M. Danila, and F. Craciunoiu. "Deposition condition effect over multilayers nanocomposite membrane growth." In 2012 International Semiconductor Conference (CAS 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smicnd.2012.6400661.

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8

Brockenbrough, Roger L., and Donald L. Douty. "A Multilayer Membrane-Tension Automotive Door-Barrier System." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/900717.

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9

Ahmadian Namini, P., A. A. Babaluo, M. Akhfash Ardestani, E. Jannatduost, and M. Peyravi. "Fabrication of Multilayer Tubular Nanoporous Ceramic Membranes via Gel-Casting Followed by Dip-Coating." In 2008 Second International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/micronano2008-70256.

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Multilayer tubular nanoporous ceramic membranes were successfully prepared via gel-casting followed by dip-coating. Tubular alumina porous support systems were manufactured by gel-casting method with pore size in the range of 100–600 nm. Interlayer and top-layer were fabricated with appropriate thickness, morphology and pore size distribution via dip-coating of submicron and nano alumina slurries respectively. The effects of the several parameters such as: solid content, dipping time, vacuum pressure, heating rate and number of coated layers on the structural properties of the prepared nanoporous ceramic membranes were studied to get an appropriate pore size and defect-free surface and then the optimum condition was presented. The morphology and surface quality of nanoporous ceramic membranes were investigated by optical microscopy (OM) and thickness of fabricated interlayer and top-layer were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mercury porosimeter measurements were performed to determine the open porosity, pore size and pore size distribution (PSD) of nanoporous ceramic membranes.
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Nixon, Matthew R., Albert G. Orr, and Pete Vukusic. "Optimised Multilayer Designs and Efficient White-Scatter Coatings in Damselfly Wing-Membranes." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.2013.md.9.

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