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Статті в журналах з теми "Multiband I/Q modulator"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2022

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1

Marttila, Jaakko, Markus Allén та Mikko Valkama. "Quadrature ΣΔ Modulators for Cognitive Radio—I/Q Imbalance Analysis and Complex Multiband Principle". Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing 30, № 4 (4 травня 2011): 775–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00034-011-9302-0.

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2

Cismasu, Marius, and Mats Gustafsson. "Multiband Antenna ${Q}$ Optimization Using Stored Energy Expressions." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13 (2014): 646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2014.2313656.

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3

Cohen, D. A., M. Hossein-Zadeh, and A. F. J. Levi. "High-Q microphotonic electro-optic modulator." Solid-State Electronics 45, no. 9 (September 2001): 1577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1101(01)00165-4.

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4

Alavi, M. S., R. B. Staszewski, L. C. N. de Vreede, A. Visweswaran, and J. R. Long. "All-Digital RF $I/Q$ Modulator." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 60, no. 11 (November 2012): 3513–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2012.2211612.

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5

Kang, Daehyun, Dongsu Kim, Jinsung Choi, Jooseung Kim, Yunsung Cho, and Bumman Kim. "A Multimode/Multiband Power Amplifier With a Boosted Supply Modulator." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 58, no. 10 (October 2010): 2598–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2010.2063851.

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6

Paek, J. S., H. Y. Lee, and S. Hong. "Low-power CMOS polar modulator for multiband and multimode RF transmitter." Electronics Letters 46, no. 14 (2010): 1032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.1001.

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7

Blas, J. M., and J. I. Alonso. "Low cost wideband I-Q vector modulator." Electronics Letters 33, no. 1 (1997): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19970031.

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8

Wang, Dong-Fei, Li-Ting Shan, and Lei Wang. "Photonic Filter-Free Scheme for D-Band mm-Wave Signal Generation with Frequency 12-Tupling Only via One Integrated In-Phase and Quadrature Modulator." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 40–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2022.3167.

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Анотація:

In this work, we have proposed a new scheme of generating continuously tunable and filter-less D-band millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal with frequency 12-tupling only via one integrated in-phase and quadrature (I/Q) modulator. The two sub-MZMs in the I/Q modulator, biased at peak point, are applied to eliminate odd order optical tones. By controlling the phase and amplitude of RF driving signals, I/Q modulator bias point, and the optical phase shifter embed in the lower arm of I/Q modulator, a frequency 12-tupling signal can be obtained through the beat frequency in the photodetector. Employing 10 GHz RF drive signal, 120 GHz millimeter wave signal can be realized by detailed mathematical formula derivation and simulation, and optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR) can reach 37.65 dB and radio frequency sideband suppression ratio (RFSSR) can reach 32.08 dB.

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9

Escalante-Zarate, Luis, Yuri O. Barmenkov, José L. Cruz, and Miguel V. Andres. "Q-Switch Modulator as a Pulse Shaper in Q-Switched Fiber Lasers." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 24, no. 4 (February 2012): 312–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2011.2178822.

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10

Peng, Jizong, Pan Cao, Jiayang Wu, Boyu Liu, Ciyuan Qiu, Yong Zhang, Ruili Liu, Christine Tremblay, and Yikai Su. "Multiband Ultra-Wideband Signal Generation With Quadrupled Capacity by a Single Modulator." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 28, no. 16 (August 15, 2016): 1731–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2016.2555838.

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11

Schmalz, Klaus, Eckard Grass, Frank Herzel, and Maxim Piz. "An Integrated 5 GHz Wideband Quadrature Modem for OFDM Gbit/s Transmission in SiGe:C BiCMOS." International Journal of Microwave Science and Technology 2007 (October 1, 2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/47927.

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Анотація:

This paper presents a 5 GHz wideband I/Q modulator/demodulator for 650 MHz OFDM signal bandwidth, which is integrated with a 5 GHz phase locked loop for I/Q generation. The quadrature signals are derived from a 10 GHz CMOS VCO followed by a bipolar frequency divider. The phase noise at 1 MHz offset is −112 dBc/Hz for the modulator as well as for the demodulator. The chips were produced in a 0.25 μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of transmitted/received OFDM signal and the corresponding I/Q mismatch versus baseband frequency are given. The modulator achieves an SNR of 22–23 dB, and the demodulator realizes an SNR up to 22 dB. The modulator reaches a data rate of 2.16 Gbit/s using 64 QAM OFDM, and the demodulator realizes 1.92 Gbits/s.

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12

Linz, A., and A. Hendrickson. "Efficient implementation of an I-Q GMSK modulator." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing 43, no. 1 (1996): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/82.481470.

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13

Epel, Boris, Subramanian V. Sundramoorthy, and Howard J. Halpern. "250 MHz passive Q-modulator for reflection resonators." Concepts in Magnetic Resonance Part B: Magnetic Resonance Engineering 47B, no. 2 (April 2017): e21356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cmr.b.21356.

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14

Yang, Zhixian, Kun Qu, and Xiang Liu. "Frequency-Octupling Millimeter-Wave Optical Vector Signal Generation via an I/Q Modulator-Based Sagnac Loop." Symmetry 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11010084.

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Анотація:

A new method for generating frequency-octupling millimeter-wave (mm-wave) vector signals in optical fields via a Sagnac loop is proposed. In this scheme, two orthogonally polarized fourth order sidebands can be obtained through an integrated dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator. The two optical sidebands are sent into an I/Q modulator-based Sagnac loop. The I/Q modulator is modulated by a 16QAM baseband signal. In the Sagnac loop, one of the sidebands is modulated by the baseband vector signal along one direction, and the other sideband is unmodulated along the opposite direction because the I/Q modulator has the traveling-wave nature. Thanks to this modulation property and the symmetrical structure of the Sagnac loop, a frequency-octupling mm-wave vector signal that is free from interband beating and fiber chromatic dispersion interference can be generated by the photodetector (PD). After simulating a 20 km single-mode fiber (SMF) transmission, the generated frequency-octupling vector signal was good in function.

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15

Capmany, J., J. Mora, B. Ortega, and D. Pastor. "High-Q microwave photonic filter with a tuned modulator." Optics Letters 30, no. 17 (September 1, 2005): 2299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.30.002299.

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16

Gupta, Arpit K., Joohwa Kim, Peter Asbeck, and James F. Buckwalter. "A 9 mW, Q-Band Direct-Conversion I/Q Modulator in SiGe BiCMOS Process." IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 22, no. 6 (June 2012): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lmwc.2012.2197379.

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17

Journal, Baghdad Science. "design of multiband reflectors adapting the concept of stack." Baghdad Science Journal 2, no. 2 (June 5, 2005): 253–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2.2.253-259.

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Анотація:

Designed Mirrors double and triple package adoption concept heap where they were changing the thickness of the layers within periodic basis of the pile and different ratios (p: q) in addition to change the refractive index of materials within periodic basis and its impact on sites Dhour tops high reflectivity study included spectral region visible and infrared, depending on NdharahFeatured matrix adjusted fall of light close to the vertical arrangement multilayer dielectric materials and thin films homogeneous and uniform

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18

Anttila, Lauri, Peter Händel, Olli Mylläri, and Mikko Valkama. "Recursive learning-based joint digital predistorter for power amplifier and I/Q modulator impairments." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 2, no. 2 (April 2010): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078710000280.

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The main implementation impairments degrading the performance of direct-conversion radio transmitters are in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) mismatch, local oscillator (LO) leakage, and power amplifier (PA) nonlinear distortion. In this article, we propose a recursive least-squares-based learning algorithm for joint digital predistortion (PD) of frequency-dependent PA and I/Q modulator impairments. The predistorter is composed of a parallel connection of two parallel Hammerstein (PH) predistorters and an LO leakage compensator, yielding a predistorter which as a whole is fully linear in the parameters. In the parameter estimation stage, proper feedback signal from the transmitter radio frequency (RF) stage back to the digital parts is deployed, combined with the indirect learning architecture and recursive least-squares training. The proposed structure is one of the first techniques to explicitly consider the joint estimation and mitigation of frequency-dependent PA and I/Q modulator impairments. Extensive simulation and measurement analysis is carried out to verify the operation and efficiency of the proposed PD technique. In general, the obtained results demonstrate linearization and I/Q modulator calibration performance clearly exceeding the performance of current state-of-the-art reference techniques.

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19

Zhou, Jin, Zhengqi Liu, Xiaoshan Liu, Pingping Pan, Xuefeng Zhan, and Zhongmin Liu. "Silicon-Au nanowire resonators for high-Q multiband near-infrared wave absorption." Nanotechnology 31, no. 37 (June 30, 2020): 375201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ab98be.

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20

Wang, Lu, Guangyi Li, Tengfei Hao, Sha Zhu, Ming Li, Ninghua Zhu, and Wei Li. "Photonic generation of multiband and multi-format microwave signals based on a single modulator." Optics Letters 45, no. 22 (November 9, 2020): 6190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.411563.

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21

Gao, Yongsheng, Aijun Wen, Wei Jiang, Yangyu Fan, Deyun Zhou, and You He. "Wideband Photonic Microwave SSB Up-Converter and I/Q Modulator." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 18 (September 15, 2017): 4023–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2017.2726532.

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22

Zhang, Qin, and Zhi Bin Zeng. "Simulation Analysis on DPD Performance with DC Offset." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 4108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4108.

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Анотація:

DC offset of the input analog signal I and Q of quadrature modulator which is as DAC and RF channel interface will affect bit error rate (BER) of the system, the quality of the emission signals and the overall effect of DPD[. This paper focuses on the influences of non-ideal characteristics quadradure modulator on DPD technology.

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23

Helaoui, Mohamed, Safar Hatami, Renato Negra, and Fadhel M. Ghannouchi. "A Novel Architecture of Delta-Sigma Modulator Enabling All-Digital Multiband Multistandard RF Transmitters Design." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 55, no. 11 (November 2008): 1129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2008.2003345.

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24

Pun, K. P., C. S. Choy, C. F. Chan, and J. E. da Franca. "An I/Q Mismatch-Free Switched-Capacitor Complex Sigma–Delta Modulator." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 51, no. 5 (May 2004): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2004.827552.

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25

Paramonov, V. M., and A. S. Kurkov. "Q-switched Er-doped fiber source based on electrooptical modulator application." Laser Physics 25, no. 6 (May 1, 2015): 065103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1054-660x/25/6/065103.

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26

Lv, Qiang, Kun Xu, Yitang Dai, Yan Li, Jian Wu, and Jintong Lin. "I/Q intensity-demodulation analog photonic link based on polarization modulator." Optics Letters 36, no. 23 (November 28, 2011): 4602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.36.004602.

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27

Kim, Jusung, Han-Shin Jo, Kyoung-Jae Lee, Dong-Ho Lee, Dae-Hyun Choi, and Sangkil Kim. "A Low-Complexity I/Q Imbalance Calibration Method for Quadrature Modulator." IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) Systems 27, no. 4 (April 2019): 974–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvlsi.2018.2883758.

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28

SAN, H. "Complex Bandpass AD Modulator Architecture without I, Q-Path Crossing Layout." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E89-A, no. 4 (April 1, 2006): 908–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ietfec/e89-a.4.908.

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29

M. A. Eid, Mahmoud, Ashraf S. Seliem, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Abd El-Naser A. Mohammed, Mohamed Yassin Ali, and Shaimaa S. Abaza. "The key management of direct/external modulation semiconductor laser response systems for relative intensity noise control." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 21, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 968. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v21.i2.pp968-977.

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Анотація:

<p><span>This study outlines the management of either direct or external modulation semiconductor laser systems for the key solution of bit rate up to 25 Gb/s under relative intensity noise (RIN) control. The bias and modulation peak currents based laser rate equations are optimized to achieve max Q factor and min bit error rate (BER) using first proposed model and optical/electrical signal power, optical/electrical signal to noise ratio are also enhanced using second proposed model. The percentage enhancement ratio in max. Q-factor and min. BER using first proposed model ranges from 53.25 % to 71.63 % in compared to the previous model. In the same way, by using second proposed model, the electrical signal power at optical receiver is enhanced within the range of 48.66 % to 68.88 % in compared to the previous model. Optical signal/noise ratio (OSNR) after optical fiber cable (OFC), signal/noise ratio (SNR) after electrical filter are measured with using different electrical pulse generators and electrical modulators at the optimization stage. The first proposed model reported better max. Q and min. BER values than the previous model. In addition to the second proposed model (direct modulation) has outlined better optical/electrical signal power than the previous model, while max. Q, min. BER values are kept constant. It is found that non return to zero pulse generator has presented better signal power than other pulse generators by using second proposed model. As well as the mixed of raised cosine pulse generator with external modulator reported max. Q, min. BER with other pulse generators by using first proposed model. OSNR at OFC is optimized by using continuous phase frequency shift keying (CPFSK) electrical modulator, While SNR at optical receiver is optimized by using phase shift keying (PSK) electrical modulator.</span></p>

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30

MAEHATA, Takashi, Suguru KAMEDA, and Noriharu SUEMATSU. "1-bit Band-Pass Delta-Sigma Modulator with Parallel IIR Form for Concurrent Multiband Digital Transmitter." IEICE Transactions on Communications E100.B, no. 7 (2017): 1152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.2016ebp3318.

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31

Marttila, Jaakko, Markus Allen, and Mikko Valkama. "Frequency-Agile Multiband Quadrature Sigma-Delta Modulator for Cognitive Radio: Analysis, Design and Digital Post-Processing." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 31, no. 11 (November 2013): 2222–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2013.131101.

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32

Yi, Minwoo, Sungjun Yoo, Youngseok Bae, Sunghoon Jang, Joonhyung Ryoo, and Jinwoo Shin. "Design and Manufacture of Traveling-wave Electro-optic Modulator for X-band LFM Signal Generation." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 24, no. 6 (December 5, 2021): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2021.24.6.610.

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In this paper, a photonic-based microwave system technology is described, and a traveling-wave electro-optic modulator is designed and manufactured as a key component. The fabricated modulator is composed of a metal diffusion waveguide for optical transmission and a planar waveguide electrode on lithium niobate substrate for microwave transmission. The electro-optic response bandwidth of I and Q channels in a fabricated dual parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator were measured for 27.67 and 28.11 GHz, respectively. Photonic four times up-converted X-band frequency and linear frequency modulated signal were confirmed using the fabricated electro-optic modulator by S-band input signal. The confirmed broadband signal can be applied to a microwave system for surveillance and high-resolution ISAR imaging.

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33

Chen, Tenghui, Weichao Yao, Hiyori Uehara, Chunyang Ma, Muhammad Sohail, Chunxiang Zhang, Yanqi Ge, Dianyuan Fan, and Jun Liu. "High-peak-power and wavelength tunable acousto-optic Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 61, no. 4 (March 17, 2022): 040902. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac58d5.

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Abstract We demonstrate Q-switching operation of a single-moded mid-infraredEr3+-doped ZBLAN (Er:ZBLAN) fiber laser based on an acousto-optic modulator. The fiber laser can produce steady Q-switched pulses as short as 24.8 ns at an average output power of 45.7 mW with a single transverse mode, corresponding to a peak power of 18.4 kW. In addition, a wavelength tuning range from 2715.4 to 2790.4 nm is also achieved in the Q-switching regime at the repetition rate of 1 kHz. The experimental results demonstrate the huge potential of producing mid-infrared energetic and wavelength tunable short-pulses in an actively Q-switched Er:ZBLAN fiber laser.

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34

Zhao, Mingming, Wen Zhou, Li Zhao, Jiangnan Xiao, Xinying Li, Feng Zhao, and Jianjun Yu. "A New Scheme to Generate Multi-Frequency Mm-Wave Signals Based on Cascaded Phase Modulator and I/Q Modulator." IEEE Photonics Journal 11, no. 5 (October 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphot.2019.2939275.

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35

Kedia, Deepak, and Monika Nehra. "Extended Reach 10 Gb/s Transmission with an Optical I/Q Modulator Using VCSELs over OFDM-Based Multimode Fiber Link." International Journal of Optics 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2395495.

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Анотація:

This paper investigates the possibilities of extending the reach of a 10 Gb/s orthogonal frequency division multiplexing- (OFDM-) based multimode fiber (MMF) link with an optical I/Q modulation technique through vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs). The proposed I/Q modulation technique comprises two VCSELs in a 90° hybrid combination to produce I/Q modulated OFDM signal. The results show the excellent performance (in terms of BER and Q factor) of the direct-detection optical- (DDO-) OFDM system with the proposed I/Q modulation in comparison to the direct modulation case. The proposed system is able to achieve worst-case BER of about 1.8616 × 10−3 and Q factor of about 10.9949 dB over a 5 km MMF link. The I/Q modulation technique in the DDO-OFDM system has further been investigated for extending the transmission reach of the MMF link using multispan configuration.

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36

Zhao, J., K. Li, F. Kong, K. Cheng, and B. Zhao. "Diode-pumped actively Nd:Lu0.33Y0.37Gd0.3VO4 Q-switched laser with electro-optic (EO) modulator." Laser Physics 22, no. 5 (April 3, 2012): 911–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x12050374.

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37

Zhuo, Z., J. M. Jiang, T. Li, S. G. Li, C. X. Shan, H. B. Qin, J. Li, B. Zhao, and J. Z. Chen. "Study of LD pumped Q-switched Nd:Y0.5Lu0.5VO4 laser with acousto-optic modulator." Laser Physics 21, no. 9 (July 4, 2011): 1558–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x11150370.

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38

Zhao, S., J. Zhao, G. Li, K. Yang, Y. Sun, D. Li, J. An, J. Wang, and M. Li. "Doubly Q-switched laser with electric-optic modulator and GaAs saturable absorber." Laser Physics Letters 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2006): 471–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200610038.

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39

Yubing, T., T. Huiming, P. Jiying, and L. HongYi. "LD-pumped actively Q-switched Yb:YAG laser with an acoustic-optical modulator." Laser Physics 18, no. 1 (January 2008): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1054660x08010027.

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40

Nehra, Monika, and Deepak Kedia. "Design of Optical I/Q Modulator Using Dual-drive Mach-Zehnder Modulators in Coherent Optical-OFDM System." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 2 (April 25, 2018): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0089.

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Анотація:

AbstractA CO-OFDM system combines the advantages of both coherent detection and OFDM modulation for future high speed fiber transmission. In this paper, we propose an I/Q modulation technique using dual-drive MZMs for high rate 10 Gb/s CO-OFDM system. The proposed modulator provides 10.63 dBm improved optical spectra compared to a single dual-drive MZM. The simulation results in terms of BER and Q factor are quite satisfactory upto a transmission reach of 3,000 km and that to without making use of any dispersion compensation. A BER of about 8.03×10−10and 15.06 dB Q factor have been achieved at −10.43 dBm received optical power.

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41

Gao, Zhi Qiang, Jin Bao Lan, Xiao Wei Liu, and Liang Yin. "The Delta-Sigma Modulator of Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer for Wireless Sensors Network Applications." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 1014–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.1014.

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This paper presents a design of fractional-N frequency synthesizer with low dithering, which is fabricated in a 130nm CMOS process. A 3rd-order delta-sigma modulator is based on digital multi-stage noise shaping (MASH) structure with its second and third stage dithered by 7-bit linear feedback shift register (LFSR) was designed for the frequency synthesizer, and a long word is used for the first modulator in the MASH structure. The simulation result of the whole frequency synthesizer shows that it can output two-way I/Q signal between 2.28GHz and 2.53GHz, and its spurs are lower than-75dBc.

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42

Hayrapetyan, Yegisabet Hakob, and Stepan Karen Petrosyan. "Construction Features of The High-Precision Laser Rangefinder Light Modulator." Journal of Architectural and Engineering Research 1, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54338/27382656-2021.1-5.

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The issues related to the development of a light modulator operating on the electro-optical effect of laser rangefinders by the modulation method are considered. To reduce the modulation power, it is proposed to lower the modulation frequency to 750-800 MHz, while simultaneously increasing the modulation quality to Q = 1000. The study of the phase determination error of a high-precision laser rangefinder depending on temperature showed that it is rational to construct the light modulator by radial installation of the KDP electro-optical crystal, with separated modulation and demodulation channels, while on combined resonators.

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43

Huang, Zhiyong, Guidong Liu, and Lingling Wang. "Active modulation of quasi-bound state in the continuum based on bulk Dirac semimetals metamaterial." Applied Physics Express 15, no. 3 (February 25, 2022): 032006. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac55e9.

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Abstract In this paper, we propose a bulk Dirac semimetals (BDSs) metamaterial to realize quasi-bound state in the continuum (quasi-BIC) based optical modulator. When perturbation is introduced into the system by breaking symmetry, the BIC will transform into quasi-BIC with high quality (Q) factor and radiation loss can be effectively controlled. What’s even more interesting is that the transmission of the quasi-BIC can be modulated by varying the Fermi energy of BDSs while the resonance frequency almost unchanged, the maximum transmission difference is up to 82% indicating that the proposed BDSs metamaterial shows good performance as an optical modulator.

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44

Yu-Ting Hsueh, Zhensheng Jia, Hung-Chang Chien, Jianjun Yu, and Gee-Kung Chang. "A Novel Bidirectional 60-GHz Radio-Over-Fiber Scheme With Multiband Signal Generation Using a Single Intensity Modulator." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 21, no. 18 (September 2009): 1338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2009.2026061.

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45

Russo, N. A., R. Duchowicz, J. Mora, J. L. Cruz, and M. V. Andrés. "High-efficiency Q-switched erbium fiber laser using a Bragg grating-based modulator." Optics Communications 210, no. 3-6 (September 2002): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(02)01815-1.

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46

Karlsson, G., V. Pasiskevicius, F. Laurell, and J. A. Tellefsen. "Q-switching of an Er–Yb:glass microchip laser using an acousto-optical modulator." Optics Communications 217, no. 1-6 (March 2003): 317–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0030-4018(02)02358-1.

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47

Chen, Xiaowen, Honghao Xu, Wenjuan Han, Hongying Yi, Haohai Yu, Huaijin Zhang, and Junhai Liu. "Compact repetitively Q-switched Yb:YCa4O(BO3)3 laser with an acousto-optic modulator." Optics & Laser Technology 70 (July 2015): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2015.02.002.

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48

Kim, Minseok, Yuta Maruichi, and Jun-ichi Takada. "Parametric Method of Frequency-Dependent I/Q Imbalance Compensation for Wideband Quadrature Modulator." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 61, no. 1 (January 2013): 270–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2012.2228215.

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49

Cuadrado-Laborde, C., M. Delgado-Pinar, S. Torres-Peiró, A. Díez, and M. V. Andrés. "Q-switched all-fibre laser using a fibre-optic resonant acousto-optic modulator." Optics Communications 274, no. 2 (June 2007): 407–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2007.02.032.

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50

Gueorguiev, S., S. Lindfors, and T. Larsen. "A 5.2 GHz CMOS I/Q Modulator With Integrated Phase Shifter for Beamforming." IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 42, no. 9 (September 2007): 1953–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2007.903104.

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