Статті в журналах: "Multi Stage Design"

1

Trapeznikov, Kirill, Venkatesh Saligrama, and David Castañón. "Multi-stage classifier design." Machine Learning 92, no. 2-3 (May 14, 2013): 479–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10994-013-5349-4.

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2

OKUI, Kotaro, Toshitake TATENO, and Akira KAKUTA. "3267 Multi-modal Vibration Stage for Alignment of Micro-objects : Design guideline of multi-axis alignment stage." Proceedings of International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st century : LEM21 2011.6 (2011): _3267–1_—_3267–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmelem.2011.6._3267-1_.

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3

Wason, James M. S., and Thomas Jaki. "Optimal design of multi-arm multi-stage trials." Statistics in Medicine 31, no. 30 (July 23, 2012): 4269–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.5513.

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4

SAKAIRI, Ryota, and Masao ARAKAWA. "Multi-stage design for multidisciplinary optimization." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2021.59 (2021): 04c7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2021.59.04c7.

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5

Eynan, Amit, and Lingxiu Dong. "Design of Flexible Multi-Stage Processes." Production and Operations Management 21, no. 1 (April 15, 2011): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2011.01240.x.

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6

Kumar, Malay, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Automated Design of Multi-Stage Molds for Manufacturing Multi-Material Objects." Journal of Mechanical Design 124, no. 3 (August 6, 2002): 399–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1485741.

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This paper describes a geometric algorithm for automated design of multi-stage molds for manufacturing multi-material objects. In multi-stage molding process, the desired multi-material object is produced by carrying out multiple molding operations in a sequence, adding one material in the target object in each mold-stage. We model multi-material objects as an assembly of single-material components. Each mold-stage can add only one type of material. Therefore, we need a sequence of mold-stages such that (1) each mold-stage only adds one single-material component either fully or partially, and (2) the molding sequence completely produces the desired object. In order to find a feasible mold-stage sequence, our algorithm decomposes the multi-material object into a number of homogeneous components to find a feasible sequence of homogeneous components that can be added in a sequence to produce the desired multi-material object. Our algorithm starts with the final object assembly and considers removing components either completely or partially from the object one-at-a-time such that it results in the previous state of the object assembly. If a component can be removed from the target object leaving the previous state of the object assembly a connected solid then we consider such decomposition a valid step in the stage sequence. This step is recursively repeated on new states of the object assembly until the object assembly reaches a state where it only consists of one component. When an object-decomposition has been found that leads to a feasible stage sequence, the gross mold for each stage is computed and decomposed into two or more pieces to facilitate the molding operation. We expect that our algorithm will provide a step towards automating the design of multi-stage molds and therefore will help in reducing the mold design lead-time for multi-stage molds.

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7

Bahrampour, Peyman, Mansoureh Safari, and Mahmood Baghban Taraghdari. "Modeling Multi-Product Multi-Stage Supply Chain Network Design." Procedia Economics and Finance 36 (2016): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2212-5671(16)30017-x.

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8

Taha, Walid, and Tim Sheard. "Multi-stage programming (poster)." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 32, no. 8 (August 1997): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258949.258990.

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9

Kang, Young-Seok, DongHo Rhee, BongJun Cha, and SooSeok Yang. "Design Strategies for Multi-Stage Axial Turbines." KSFM Journal of Fluid Machinery 17, no. 5 (October 1, 2014): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5293/kfma.2014.17.5.078.

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10

Boonpan, Adulyasak, and Sujin Bureerat. "Multi-stage design of an automotive component." International Journal of Vehicle Design 60, no. 1/2 (2012): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2012.049157.

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11

Muslu, Y., and H. A. San. "Design parameters for multi-stage waste treatment." Computers & Chemical Engineering 13, no. 10 (October 1989): 1105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0098-1354(89)87015-2.

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12

KNOF, MANFRED, and MALCOLM FARROW. "DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS FOR MULTI-STAGE PROCESSES." Quality and Reliability Engineering International 12, no. 2 (March 1996): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1638(199603)12:2<129::aid-qre996>3.0.co;2-5.

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13

Sivakumar, G. D., and P. Shahabudeen. "Design of multi-stage adaptive kanban system." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 38, no. 3-4 (June 14, 2007): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-1093-x.

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14

Serra, Alessandra, Pavel Mozgunov, and Thomas Jaki. "An order restricted multi‐arm multi‐stage clinical trial design." Statistics in Medicine 41, no. 9 (January 19, 2022): 1613–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sim.9314.

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15

Ghosh, Pranab, Lingyun Liu, P. Senchaudhuri, Ping Gao, and Cyrus Mehta. "Design and monitoring of multi‐arm multi‐stage clinical trials." Biometrics 73, no. 4 (March 27, 2017): 1289–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/biom.12687.

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16

Hino, Ryutaro, Akihiko Sasaki, Fusahito Yoshida, and Vassili V. Toropov. "Reduction of Stages in Multi-Stage Metal Forming Process Based on Numerical Optimization in Conjunction with FE Simulation." Key Engineering Materials 340-341 (June 2007): 767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.340-341.767.

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Анотація:

In this study, a new simulation-based design technique for multi-stage metal forming process is developed with special emphasis on reduction of stages in the process. The developed design technique is an iterative design optimization, which is based on response-surface-based numerical optimization and finite element analysis of the process. The design procedure starts with the initial rough process design. To eliminate one stage in the multi-stage process, the new optimum process design is determined based on the former process design by using numerical optimization in conjunction with FE simulation. This design optimization step is repeated, reducing the stages one by one, until the possible minimum number of stages is reached. The developed design technique is applied to stage reduction of a 3-stage axisymmetric forging process of aluminum billet. We can confirm that a new 2-stage process design is determined successfully and the developed design optimization technique is effective to reduce stages in multi-stage forming process.

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17

Dhanalakshmi, R., P. Parthiban, K. Ganesh, and T. Arunkumar. "Genetic Algorithm to Solve Multi-Period, Multi-Product, Bi-Echelon Supply Chain Network Design Problem." International Journal of Information Systems and Supply Chain Management 2, no. 4 (October 2009): 24–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jisscm.2009062902.

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In many multi-stage manufacturing supply chains, transportation related costs are a significant portion of final product costs. It is often crucial for successful decision making approaches in multi-stage manufacturing supply chains to explicitly account for non-linear transportation costs. In this article, we have explored this problem by considering a Two-Stage Production-Transportation (TSPT). A two-stage supply chain that faces a deterministic stream of external demands for a single product is considered. A finite supply of raw materials, and finite production at stage one has been assumed. Items are manufactured at stage one and transported to stage two, where the storage capacity of the warehouses is limited. Packaging is completed at stage two (that is, value is added to each item, but no new items are created), and the finished goods inventories are stored which is used to meet the final demand of customers. During each period, the optimized production levels in stage one, as well as transportation levels between stage one and stage two and routing structure from the production plant to warehouses and then to customers, must be determined. The authors consider “different cost structures,” for both manufacturing and transportation. This TSPT model with capacity constraint at both stages is optimized using Genetic Algorithms (GA) and the results obtained are compared with the results of other optimization techniques of complete enumeration, LINDO, and CPLEX.

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18

Crouch, Luis A., Lori E. Dodd, and Michael A. Proschan. "Controlling the family-wise error rate in multi-arm, multi-stage trials." Clinical Trials 14, no. 3 (March 19, 2017): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774517694130.

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Background and aims: Multi-arm, multi-stage trials have recently gained attention as a means to improve the efficiency of the clinical trials process. Many designs have been proposed, but few explicitly consider the inherent issue of multiplicity and the associated type I error rate inflation. It is our aim to propose a straightforward design that controls family-wise error rate while still providing improved efficiency. Methods: In this article, we provide an analytical method for calculating the family-wise error rate for a multi-arm, multi-stage trial and highlight the potential for considerable error rate inflation in uncontrolled designs. We propose a simple method to control the error rate that also allows for computation of power and expected sample size. Results: Family-wise error rate can be controlled in a variety of multi-arm, mutli-stage trial designs using our method. Additionally, our design can substantially decrease the expected sample size of a study while maintaining adequate power. Conclusion: Multi-arm, multi-stage designs have the potential to reduce the time and other resources spent on clinical trials. Our relatively simple design allows this to be achieved while weakly controlling family-wise error rate and without sacrificing much power.

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19

Chow, Jim, Dominic Lucchetti, Tal Garfinkel, Geoffrey Lefebvre, Ryan Gardner, Joshua Mason, Sam Small, and Peter M. Chen. "Multi-stage replay with crosscut." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 45, no. 7 (July 2010): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1837854.1736002.

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20

Ganz, Steven E., Amr Sabry, and Walid Taha. "Macros as multi-stage computations." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 36, no. 10 (October 2001): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/507669.507646.

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21

Agarwal, V. C., and Rakesh Mishra. "Optimal design of a multi-stage capsule handling multi-phase pipeline." International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping 75, no. 1 (January 1998): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0308-0161(98)00003-9.

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22

Sheng, Zi Qiang. "Design Multi-Stage Draw by Improved Dynamic Programming." SAE International Journal of Materials and Manufacturing 3, no. 1 (April 12, 2010): 716–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2010-01-0987.

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23

Ray, P. K., T. Brammer, Y. Y. Ye, M. Akinc, and M. J. Kramer. "A multi-stage hierarchical approach to alloy design." JOM 62, no. 10 (October 2010): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11837-010-0151-2.

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24

Song, Wenlong, Hao Li, Chenmiao Wang, and Bai Yang. "Design of Multi-Stage Thermal Responsive Wettable Surface." Advanced Materials Interfaces 1, no. 6 (May 2, 2014): 1400009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201400009.

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25

Ge, Rui, and Ronald Garcia. "Refining semantics for multi-stage programming." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 52, no. 12 (December 2017): 2–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3170492.3136047.

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26

Taha, Walid, and Tim Sheard. "Multi-stage programming with explicit annotations." ACM SIGPLAN Notices 32, no. 12 (December 1997): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/258994.259019.

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27

Ibrahim, O. M., and S. A. Klein. "High-Power Multi-Stage Rankine Cycles." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 117, no. 3 (September 1, 1995): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2835340.

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This paper presents an analysis of the multi-stage Rankine cycle aiming at optimizing the power output from low-temperature heat sources such as geothermal or waste heat. A design methodology based on finite-time thermodynamics and the maximum power concept is used in which the shape and the power output of the maximum power cycle are identified and utilized to compare and evaluate different Rankine cycle configurations. The maximum power cycle provides the upper-limit power obtained from any thermodynamic cycle for specified boundary conditions and heat exchanger characteristics. It also provides a useful tool for studying power cycles and forms the basis for making design improvements.

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28

Wason, James, Nigel Stallard, Jack Bowden, and Christopher Jennison. "A multi-stage drop-the-losers design for multi-arm clinical trials." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 26, no. 1 (September 30, 2016): 508–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280214550759.

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29

Grayling, Michael J., James M. S. Wason, and Adrian P. Mander. "An optimised multi-arm multi-stage clinical trial design for unknown variance." Contemporary Clinical Trials 67 (April 2018): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2018.02.011.

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30

Chen, Yu Dong. "Multi-stage design procedure for modal controllers of multi-input defective systems." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 27, no. 5 (November 30, 2007): 527–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2007.27.5.527.

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31

AVRESKY, DIMITER R., and PRADEEP K. TAPADIYA. "A MULTI-STAGED SOFTWARE DESIGN APPROACH FOR FAULT TOLERANCE." International Journal of Reliability, Quality and Safety Engineering 01, no. 02 (June 1994): 197–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218539394000155.

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This paper presents a multi-stage software design approach for fault-tolerance. In the first stage, a formalism is introduced to represent the behavior of the system by means of a set of assertions. This formalism enables an execution tree (ET) to be generated where each path from the root to the leaf is, in fact, a well-defined formula. During the automatic generation of the execution tree, properties like completeness and consistency of the set of assertions can be verified and consequently design faults can be revealed. In the second stage, the testing strategy is based on a set of WDFs. This set represents the structural deterministic test for the model of the software system and provides a framework for the generation of a functional deterministic test for the code implementation of the model. This testing strategy can reveal the implementation faults in the program code. In the third stage, the fault-tolerance of the software system against hardware failures is improved in a way such that the design and implementation features obtained from the first two stages are preserved. The proposed approach provides a high level of user-transparency by employing object-oriented principles of data encapsulation and polymorphism. The reliability of the software system against hardware failures is also evaluated. A tool, named Software Fault-Injection Tool (SFIT), is developed to estimate the reliability of a software system.

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32

Wang, Xuezhen, Vincent Chau, Hau Chan, Ken C. K. Fong, and Minming Li. "Multi-Stage Facility Location Problems with Transient Agents." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 5 (June 26, 2023): 5850–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i5.25725.

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We study various models for the one-dimensional multi-stage facility location problems with transient agents, where a transient agent arrives in some stage and stays for a number of consecutive stages. In the problems, we need to serve each agent in one of their stages by determining the location of the facility at each stage. In the first model, we assume there is no cost for moving the facility across the stages. We focus on optimal algorithms to minimize both the social cost objective, defined as the total distance of all agents to the facility over all stages, and the maximum cost objective, defined as the max distance of any agent to the facility over all stages. For each objective, we give a slice-wise polynomial (XP) algorithm (i.e., solvable in m^f(k) for some fixed parameter k and computable function f, where m is the input size) and show that there is a polynomial-time algorithm when a natural first-come-first-serve (FCFS) order of agent serving is enforced. We then consider the mechanism design problem, where the agents' locations and arrival stages are private, and design a group strategy-proof mechanism that achieves good approximation ratios for both objectives and settings with and without FCFS ordering. In the second model, we consider the facility's moving cost between adjacent stages under the social cost objective, which accounts for the total moving distance of the facility. Correspondingly, we design XP (and polynomial time) algorithms and a group strategy-proof mechanism for settings with or without the FCFS ordering.

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33

Liu, Ke Ping, Jian Peng Zeng, Min Yang, and Chang Hong Jiang. "Design of Multi-Stage Optimal Arbitrary Time-Delay Filter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (September 2013): 1510–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.1510.

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Input shaping is an effective method for suppressing residual vibration of flexible system. In this paper, the design processes of Zero Vibration (ZV), Zero Vibration and Derivative (ZVD) shapers are deduced. Based on the idea of the robustness input shaper, the Multi-stage Optimal Arbitrary Time-delay Filter (MOATF) is proposed. The proposed control method is implemented on the second-order linear time-invariant system. Simulation results show that the residual vibration can be reduced effectively and the proposed method have great robustness in system parameter uncertainty.

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34

TACHIKAWA, Yuya, Yoshio MATSUZAKI, Takaaki SOMEKAWA, Shunsuke TANIGUCHI, and Kazunari SASAKI. "Multi-Stage Stack Design for Highly Efficient SOFC System." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2016 (2016): J2220403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.j2220403.

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35

Kim, Soo-Hyun, Su-Jeong Lee, and Jin Ho Kim. "Design and experiments of multi-stage coil gun system." Journal of Vibroengineering 18, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 2053–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/jve.2016.16615.

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36

Ho, Y. S., and G. McKay. "A Multi-Stage Batch Sorption Design with Experimental Data." Adsorption Science & Technology 17, no. 4 (April 1999): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026361749901700401.

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37

Dong, Peng, Yongfei Wang, Shengdun Zhao, Zhuoneng Gao, Yongqiang Zhao, Yangfeng Cao, and Peng Zhang. "Design and experimental study of novel multi-stage gearbox." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 235, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020945823.

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Automatic transmission has been widely used in the automotive industry, and novel automatic transmissions with simple structure and reliable operation are a research hotspot. This paper proposes an automatic transmission with multi-stage gears to simplify its working process. The automatic transmission comprises a case and a driving transmission shaft and driven shaft which are mounted on the case. The transmission gear pairs are superimposed on the driving and driven shafts similar to a tower. The gear pairs on the driving and driven shafts are always engaged. All the driving gears are connected to the driven shaft via a flat key, and the driven gear and the driven shaft are connected by a join key, which is used to connect or disconnect the gear and the driven shaft, and are controlled by a hydraulic shifting mechanism and have been designed in detail. Numerical simulation is adopted to verify the strength of the core components. In addition, the transmission performance of the gearbox is experimentally tested. The results indicate that the novel gearbox can achieve variable speed and work smoothly. The gearbox has a novel structure, the driving and driven shafts are simple and installed friendly, and the transmission gear meshes are reliable.

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38

Zhang, Jinhuan, Zhenggui Zhou, Hui Cao, and Qi Li. "Aerodynamic design of a multi-stage industrial axial compressor." Advances in Engineering Software 116 (February 2018): 9–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2017.11.005.

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39

Conley, W. C. "Multi Stage Monte Carlo Optimization Applied to Circuit Design." IETE Journal of Research 32, no. 6 (November 1986): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1986.11436637.

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40

Hwang, Yin-Tsung, and Yu Hen Hu. "MSSM—A design aid for multi-stage systolic mapping." Journal of VLSI signal processing systems for signal, image and video technology 4, no. 2-3 (May 1992): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00925118.

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41

Yoa, Seok-Jun, Yong-Soo Cho, Jun-Ho Kim, Il-Kyu Kim, and Jea-Keun Lee. "Optimal design of multi-stage porous plate collection system." Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering 21, no. 5 (September 2004): 1053–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02705592.

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42

Sachs, Julia, and Oliver Sawodny. "Multi-objective three stage design optimization for island microgrids." Applied Energy 165 (March 2016): 789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.059.

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43

Wiese, Lisa, Anna E. Pohlmeyer, and Paul Hekkert. "Design for Sustained Wellbeing through Positive Activities—A Multi-Stage Framework." Multimodal Technologies and Interaction 4, no. 4 (September 29, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mti4040071.

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Анотація:

In this paper, we introduce a framework that conceptualizes a multi-stage process through which technology can promote sustained wellbeing. Intentional wellbeing-enhancing activities form the centerpiece linking direct product interaction to, ultimately, wellbeing. The framework was developed following a bottom-up–top-down approach by integrating theoretical knowledge from positive psychology, behavioral science and human–computer interaction (HCI)/design with empirical insights. We outline (a) the framework, (b) its five main stages including their multidisciplinary theoretical foundations, (c) relations between these stages and (d) specific elements that further describe each stage. The paper illustrates how the framework was developed and elaborates three major areas of application: (design) research, design strategies and measurement approaches. With this work, we aim to provide actionable guidance for researchers and IT practitioners to understand and design technologies that foster sustained wellbeing.

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44

Mogutin, Yu, M. Vlasyev, E. Fomichev, and P. Kryukov. "Multi-role support vessel: design specifics." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 1, no. 399 (March 15, 2022): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2022-1-399-111-124.

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Анотація:

Object and purpose of research. This paper discusses a multi-role support vessel working as a supply ship, a tug and an anchor handler. The purpose of the study was to obtain an optimal design that could be of interest for potential customers, like oil and gas companies and offshore fleet operators. Materials and methods. The paper describes design peculiarities of multi-role support vessels, methodological approach to justification of main design solutions and principal results of these justifications in terms of selecting main dimensions, lines and structures for hull, architecture and arrangement of main equipment, propulsion system components, etc. It also describes model tests undertaken as part of this project in order to obtain high propulsion, seakeeping, maneuverability and ice performance parameters. The study outlines technical solutions adopted to widen the ship’s functionality, i.e. modular payloads and detachable equipment. Main results. As part of Russian State Program Development of offshore shipbuilding and technology for the years 2013-2030, Krylov State Research Centre completed a design of multi-role support vessel. This work was performed in two stages. The first stage was intended to develop the technical proposal (further transformed into the Technical Assignment for Detailed Design) and to justify principal design solutions with participation of possible customers. The second stage was dedicated to model tests, update of design solutions and detailed design development of multi-purpose support vessel in the scope sufficient to obtain the approval from Russian Maritime Register of Shipping. Conclusion. This multi-role support vessel is intended as a baseline variant for further modifications to the needs of the customers (oil and gas companies and offshore operators) which will enable its large-batch construction and eventually reduce lead ship construction costs, as well as make this ship a good replacement for the fleet of foreign service companies currently contracted for support of oil and gas facilities in Russian offshore areas.

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45

Bany Salameh, Haythem, Khaled Jawarneh, and Ahmed Musa. "Multi-stage Mirror-Based Planar Structure for Wavelength Division Demultiplexing." Journal of Optical Communications 39, no. 3 (June 26, 2018): 273–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2016-0098.

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Abstract In this paper, a new design for a demultiplexer device for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) communication system is proposed. The proposed device consists of an inhomogeneous layer of a semiconductor material with refractive index that is graded according to a given profile. To minimize the size of the proposed device and achieve better spatial shift between the multiplexed wavelengths, several mirrors are placed at different locations inside the device. These mirrors will force the multiplexed light to be reflected before reaching the total internal reflection point. By controlling the different design parameters such as incident angle, the refractive index profile, etc., a small size, low cost and less complexity WDM device can be realized. In the design process, we exploits the ray’s spatial shift that results from the introduced mirrors and the material dispersion. In addition, the effect of the aforementioned design parameters on the amount of spatial shift between the adjacent wavelengths and the size of the device has been investigated. Results show that the proposed design achieves higher spatial shift as well as smaller device size in comparison with precedent WDM device designs.

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Hassanien, Jasmien. "Multi-GNSS Software Receiver Design Optimization for Accuracy Improvement." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38190.

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Abstract: Recently, tremendous research has been conducted on Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) software receivers to better serve the current challenging environments that suffers from multipath fading. Therefore, the development of GNSS receivers has seen a new rush toward a multi-GNSS as a solution for fading problems. In this paper, a multi-GNSS software receiver is designed, optimized, and its performance is presented. The implemented software receiver covers three different signals from two GNSS constellations, namely GPS L1, GPS L2, and Galileo E1. In this paper. the fundamentals of stages of GNSS signal reception (acquisition, tracking, and navigation) are discussed where each stage is customized and optimized for each considered signal and the stage of mutli-GNSS data combination is optimized afterword. The performance of the optimized multi-GNSS software receiver is examined under different combination scenarios where the Least-Square Estimation (LSE) method using precise positioning (PP) algorithms is adopted. Results showed that using multi-GNSS receiver enhances the accuracy of Position, Velocity, and Timing (PVT) solution. Keywords: GNSS, PVT, GPS, Galileo, and accuracy

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Blenkinsop, Alexandra, Mahesh KB Parmar, and Babak Choodari-Oskooei. "Assessing the impact of efficacy stopping rules on the error rates under the multi-arm multi-stage framework." Clinical Trials 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2019): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1740774518823551.

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Background The multi-arm multi-stage framework uses intermediate outcomes to assess lack-of-benefit of research arms at interim stages in randomised trials with time-to-event outcomes. However, the design lacks formal methods to evaluate early evidence of overwhelming efficacy on the definitive outcome measure. We explore the operating characteristics of this extension to the multi-arm multi-stage design and how to control the pairwise and familywise type I error rate. Using real examples and the updated nstage program, we demonstrate how such a design can be developed in practice. Methods We used the Dunnett approach for assessing treatment arms when conducting comprehensive simulation studies to evaluate the familywise error rate, with and without interim efficacy looks on the definitive outcome measure, at the same time as the planned lack-of-benefit interim analyses on the intermediate outcome measure. We studied the effect of the timing of interim analyses, allocation ratio, lack-of-benefit boundaries, efficacy rule, number of stages and research arms on the operating characteristics of the design when efficacy stopping boundaries are incorporated. Methods for controlling the familywise error rate with efficacy looks were also addressed. Results Incorporating Haybittle–Peto stopping boundaries on the definitive outcome at the interim analyses will not inflate the familywise error rate in a multi-arm design with two stages. However, this rule is conservative; in general, more liberal stopping boundaries can be used with minimal impact on the familywise error rate. Efficacy bounds in trials with three or more stages using an intermediate outcome may inflate the familywise error rate, but we show how to maintain strong control. Conclusion The multi-arm multi-stage design allows stopping for both lack-of-benefit on the intermediate outcome and efficacy on the definitive outcome at the interim stages. We provide guidelines on how to control the familywise error rate when efficacy boundaries are implemented in practice.

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ERDEM KARA, Başak, and Nuri DOĞAN. "The Effect of Ratio of Items Indicating Differential Item Functioning on Computer Adaptive and Multi-Stage Tests." International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education 9, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 682–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21449/ijate.1105769.

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Recently, adaptive test approaches have become a viable alternative to traditional fixed-item tests. The main advantage of adaptive tests is that they reach desired measurement precision with fewer items. However, fewer items mean that each item has a more significant effect on ability estimation and therefore those tests are open to more consequential results from any flaw in an item. So, any items indicating differential item functioning (DIF) may play an important role in examinees' test scores. This study, therefore, aimed to investigate the effect of DIF items on the performance of computer adaptive and multi-stage tests. For this purpose, different test designs were tested under different test lengths and ratios of DIF items using Monte Carlo simulation. As a result, it was seen that computer adaptive test (CAT) designs had the best measurement precision over all conditions. When multi-stage test (MST) panel designs were compared, it was found that the 1-3-3 design had higher measurement precision in most of the conditions; however, the findings were not enough to say that 1-3-3 design performed better than the 1-2-4 design. Furthermore, CAT was found to be the least affected design by the increase of ratio of DIF items. MST designs were affected by that increment especially in the 10-item length test.

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Chang, Ming, Chia Hung Lin, Chung Po Lin, and Juti Rani Deka. "Design and Fabrication of a Multi-Functional Nanomanipulator." Key Engineering Materials 419-420 (October 2009): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.419-420.21.

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With rapid expansion of nanotechnology, microminiaturization has become imperative in the field of micro/nano fabrication. A nanomanipulation system with high degrees of freedom that can perform nanomachining, nanofabrication and mechanical/electrical characterization of nanoscale objects inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is presented. The manipulation system consists of several individual operating units each having three linear stages and one rotational stage. The body of the manipulator is designed using the idea of superposition. Each operating unit can move in the permissible range of SEM’s vacuum chamber and can increase or decrease the number of units according to the requirement. Experiments were executed to investigate the in-situ electrical resistance of nano materials.

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Hung, Chien-Hsiu, Ying Ming Chew, Yi-Chung Fu, and Chin-Shuh Chen. "Multi-stage Microwave-assisted Transesterification of Soybean Oil – An Economic Design for High Yield Biodiesel Production." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 9, no. 1 (February 2018): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijcea.2018.9.1.695.

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