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Статті в журналах з теми "Multi-Physical problems":
1
Stark, Sanja, Emilie Frost, and Marvin Nebel-Wenner. "Distributed Multi-objective Optimization in Cyber-Physical Energy Systems." ACM SIGEnergy Energy Informatics Review 4, no. 2 (April 2024): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3666043.3666046.
Анотація:
Managing complex Cyber-Physical Energy Systems (CPES) requires solving various optimization problems with multiple objectives and constraints. As distributed control architectures are becoming more popular in CPES for certain tasks due to their flexibility, robustness, and privacy protection, multi-objective optimization must also be distributed. For this purpose, we present MO-COHDA, a fully distributed, agent-based algorithm, for solving multi-objective optimization problems of CPES. MO-COHDA allows an easy and flexible adaptation to different use cases and integration of custom functionality. To evaluate the effectiveness of MO-COHDA, we compare it to a central NSGA-2 algorithm using multi-objective benchmark functions from the ZDT problem suite. The results show that MO-COHDA can approximate the reference front of the benchmark problems well and is suitable for solving multi-objective optimization problems. In addition, an example use case of scheduling a group of generation units while optimizing three different objectives was evaluated to show how MO-COHDA can be easily applied to real-world optimization problems in CPES.
2
An, Siguang, Shiyou Yang, Yanan Bai, and Xiushan Wu. "An improved physical programming method for multi-objective inverse problems." International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics 52, no. 3-4 (December 29, 2016): 1151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jae-162123.
3
KALTENBACHER, MANFRED. "COMPUTATIONAL ACOUSTICS IN MULTI-FIELD PROBLEMS." Journal of Computational Acoustics 19, no. 01 (March 2011): 27–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218396x11004286.
Анотація:
We present physical/mathematical models base on partial differential equations (PDEs) and efficient numerical simulation schemes based on the Finite Element (FE) method for multi-field problems, where the acoustic field is the field of main interest. Acoustics, the theory of sound, is an emerging scientific field including disciplines from physics over engineering to medical science. We concentrate on the following three topics: vibro-acoustics, aero-acoustics and high intensity focused ultrasound. For each topic, we discuss the physical/mathematical modeling, efficient numerical schemes and provide practical applications.
4
Sun, Bao, Na Guo, Lijing Zhang, and Zhanlong Li. "A Hybrid Strategy Guided Multi-Objective Artificial Physical Optimizer Algorithm." Information Technology and Control 53, no. 1 (March 22, 2024): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.53.1.33456.
Анотація:
Artificial physical optimizer (APO), as a new heuristic stochastic algorithm, is difficult to balance convergence and diversity when dealing with complex multi-objective problems. This paper introduces the advantages of R2 indicator and target space decomposition strategy, and constructs the candidate solution of external archive pruning technology selection based on APO algorithm. A hybrid strategy guided multi-objective artificial physical optimizer algorithm (HSGMOAPO) is proposed. Firstly, R2 indicator is used to select the candidate solutions that have great influence on the convergence of the whole algorithm. Secondly, the target space decomposition strategy is used to select the remaining solutions to improve the diversity of the algorithm. Finally, the restriction processing method is used to improve the ability to avoid local optimization. In order to verify the comprehensive ability of HSGMOAPO algorithm in solving multi-objective problems, five comparison algorithms were evaluated experimentally on standard test problems and practical problems. The results show that HSGMOAPO algorithm has good convergence and diversity in solving multi-objective problems, and has the potential to solve practical problems.
5
Liu, Caiyu, Zuofeng Zhou, and Qingquan Wu. "Physical characteristics and spillage detection Using multi-feature fusion." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2083, no. 2 (November 1, 2021): 022041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2083/2/022041.
Анотація:
Abstract As an important part of road maintenance, the detection of road sprinkles has attracted extensive attention from scholars. However, after years of research, there are still some problems in the detection of road sprinkles. First of all, the detection accuracy of traditional detection algorithm is deficient. Second, deep learning approaches have great limitations for there are various kinds of sprinkles which makes it difficult to build a data set. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a road sprinkling detection method based on multi-feature fusion. The characteristics of color, gradient, luminance and neighborhood information were considered in our method. Compared with other traditional methods, our method has higher detection accuracy. In addition, compared with deep learning-based methods, our approach doesn’t involve creating a complex data set and reduces costs. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: I. For the first time, the density clustering algorithm is combined with the detection of sprinkles, which provides a new idea for this field. II. The use of multi-feature fusion improves the accuracy and robustness of the traditional method which makes the algorithm usable in many real-world scenarios.
6
Pyatikopov, Sergey Mikhailovich, Tofik Dzhabrail oglu Aliyev, and Svetlana Aleksandrovna Kovaleva. "Problems of physical culture management in the university." KANT 39, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 393–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24923/2222-243x.2021-39.68.
Анотація:
The purpose of the study is to develop a system of measures for the comprehensive restructuring and democratization of the mechanisms of physical culture management in higher education institutions. The article deals with the problems of physical culture management in higher education institutions. Recently, great importance has been paid to the development of physical culture in society, attracting a large number of people to engage in mass sports. An important role in this is also provided by physical education in universities. In this regard, there is a situation in changing the structure of the management of physical culture in universities, the search for new approaches in the organization of the physical culture student movement. Which actualizes the problem. The scientific novelty lies in the theoretical substantiation of the mechanisms of effective management of physical culture at the university. As a result, a project of a targeted comprehensive program for the development of physical culture in a higher educational institution was developed, which passed a multi-stage expert assessment.
7
Bai, Bing. "Special Issue on the Geo-Environmental Problems Caused by Underground Construction." Applied Sciences 13, no. 19 (September 27, 2023): 10754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app131910754.
Анотація:
Geo-environmental disturbances refer to the significant changes in physical, mechanical, and even chemical properties of soils; are closely related to interrelated multi-physical field coupling systems of solid particles, water, and gas in the shallow stratum; and are caused by underground engineering construction [...]
8
Rahnejat, H. "Multi-body dynamics: Historical evolution and application." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 214, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 149–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406001522886.
Анотація:
The historical developments in the discipline of engineering dynamics are briefly reviewed, with attention paid to the formulation and solution of the dynamic behaviour of multi-body systems. It is shown that the dynamic characteristics of practical multi-body systems are dependent upon the interactions of many physical phenomena that can induce, restrain or constrain motion of parts. The long process of understanding and formulating the physics of multi-body motions, in some cases with pioneering contributions centuries old, together with continual refinements in numerical techniques and enhanced computing power has resulted in the solution of quite complex and practical engineering problems. Linking the historical developments to the fundamental physical phenomena and their interactions, the paper presents solutions to two complex multi-body dynamic problems. The practical implications of the approach in design of these systems are highlighted.
9
Wang, Haoxiang, Tao Yu, Tianwei Yang, Hui Qiao, and Qionghai Dai. "Neural Physical Simulation with Multi-Resolution Hash Grid Encoding." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 6 (March 24, 2024): 5410–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i6.28349.
Анотація:
We explore the generalization of the implicit representation in the physical simulation task. Traditional time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) solvers for physical simulation often adopt the grid or mesh for spatial discretization, which is memory-consuming for high resolution and lack of adaptivity. Many implicit representations like local extreme machine or Siren are proposed but they are still too compact to suffer from limited accuracy in handling local details and a long time of convergence. We contribute a neural simulation framework based on multi-resolution hash grid representation to introduce hierarchical consideration of global and local information, simultaneously. Furthermore, we propose two key strategies: 1) a numerical gradient method for computing high-order derivatives with boundary conditions; 2) a range analysis sample method for fast neural geometry boundary sampling with dynamic topologies. Our method shows much higher accuracy and strong flexibility for various simulation problems: e.g., large elastic deformations, complex fluid dynamics, and multi-scale phenomena which remain challenging for existing neural physical solvers.
10
Zhao, Ruochen, Liang Huang, Haiyue Zhao, Yan Cao, Weijun Tian, and Ning Wang. "Study of Mask Electrochemical Machining for Ring Narrow Groove under the Action of Multiple Physical Fields." Coatings 12, no. 5 (April 29, 2022): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12050605.
Анотація:
Deep and narrow groove structures are widely used in aviation, aerospace, weapons, and other industries, and play a very important role. In order to solve the problems of machining tool deformation, machining flying edge, burr in traditional Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) milling for deep and narrow grooves, and the problems of serious motor loss and low machining efficiency in non-contact electrical discharge machining (EDM), electrochemical mask machining through the mask treatment of the non-processed part mask processing, and with no loss of the processing cathode tool, was suggested as an efficient way to solve these problems. Considering that the corrosion removal of the anodic workpiece is mainly subject to the multi-physical field coupling action between the electric field, the flow field, and the temperature field, it is necessary to construct a multi-physical field coupling model of electrochemical mask machining and combine this with the numerical simulation analysis to realize the distribution state of the multi-physical field, so as to realize the optimization guidance of the overall processing process.
Дисертації з теми "Multi-Physical problems":
1
Tallois, Lucas. "Simulation numérique de l'ablation liquide." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAT0046.
Анотація:
Lors de sa rentrée dans l'atmosphère d'une planète, un engin spatial tel qu'une sonde, par exemple, subit un échauffement important dû au frottement des gaz atmosphériques. Afin de garantir l'intégrité de la structure, l'avant de la capsule qui subit le freinage est recouvert d'un bouclier thermique. La surface de ce bouclier thermique subit une dégradation physico-chimique globalement appelée ablation. La fusion de la partie métallique ainsi que la sublimation de la structure en carbone donnent lieu à un écoulement diphasique complexe.L'écoulement diphasique est résolu par une méthode d'interface diffuse basée sur le modèle à cinq équations en considérant les effets liés à la dissipation visqueuse, la conduction thermique ainsi que la tension de surface. La résolution numérique de la partie fluide est basée sur une décomposition d’opérateurs entre la partie dite « acoustique » regroupant les phénomènes physiques potentiellement présents dans l’écoulement fluide et une partie liée au transport des quantités conservatives. Les grands rapports de densité entre les deux fluides ainsi que les phénomènes physiques pris en compte induisant une contrainte de pas de temps très restrictive, l’étape « acoustique » est résolue avec un schéma temporel implicite par un solveur de Riemann approché tandis que l’étape de « transport » est résolue par un schéma explicite. La diffusion thermique dans le domaine solide est résolue avec un schéma implicite. Les effets liés à la tension de surface sont étudiés sous deux formulations : une forme conservative discrétisée naturellement et une forme non-conservative directement prise en compte dans le solveur de Riemann. Une méthode MUSCL permet d’étendre les schémas numériques à l’ordre deux, et un limiteur compressif est utilisé afin de limiter la diffusion numérique de l’interface liquide/gaz.Les conditions de couplage à l'interface fluide-solide sont déterminées grâce aux bilans de masse et d'énergie. Une formulation ALE des équations permet de suivre le front de fusion avec précision en déformant les maillages. L’extension des méthodes numériques dans les coordonnées cylindrique permet d’étudier des configurations axisymétriquesDuring re-entry into a planet's atmosphere, a spacecraft such as a probe, for example, undergoes significant heating due to friction with atmospheric gases. To ensure structural integrity, the front of the capsule undergoing braking is covered by a heat shield. The surface of this heat shield undergoes physico-chemical degradation known as ablation. Melting of the metal part and sublimation of the carbon structure give rise to a complex two-phase flow.The two-phase flow is solved using a diffuse interface method based on the five-equation model, taking into account the viscous dissipation, thermal conduction and surface tension effects. The numerical resolution of the fluid part is based on operator splitting between the so-called "acoustic" part, grouping together the physical phenomena potentially present in the fluid flow, and a part linked to the transport of conservative quantities. As the high density ratios between the two fluids and the physical phenomena taken into account induce a very restrictive time step constraint, the "acoustic" step is solved with an implicit time scheme by an approximate Riemann solver, while the "transport" step is solved with an explicit scheme. Thermal diffusion in the solid domain is solved with an implicit scheme. Surface tension effects are studied under two formulations: a naturally discretized conservative form and a non-conservative form directly taken into account in the Riemann solver. A MUSCL method is used to extend the numerical schemes to second order, and a compressive limiter is used to limit the numerical diffusion of the liquid/gas interface.Coupling conditions at the fluid-solid interface are determined using mass and energy balances. An ALE formulation of the equations enables the melting front to be followed precisely by mesh deformation. The extension of numerical methods to cylindrical coordinates enables us to study axisymmetric configurations
2
Ratsakou, Almpion. "Multi-physical modeling of thermographic inspection methods and fast imaging Fast models dedicated to simulation of eddy current thermography Fast simulation approach dedicated to infrared thermographic inspection of delaminated planar pieces Model based characterisation of delamination by means of thermographic inspection." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASS002.
Анотація:
L’inspection thermographique est une technique populaire de contrôle non destructif qui fournit des images de distributions de température sur de grandes étendues aux surfaces des pièces testées. Détecter les délaminations entre couches métalliques est le sujet ici. La simulation de ces inspections contribue en effet à compléter les études expérimentales, à évaluer les performances en termes de détection, et à être support d'algorithmes basés sur modèles. On se focalise sur un modèle semi-analytique basé sur un développement tronqué en fonctions propres par région. Le problème est résolu dans le domaine de Laplace en temps, et la distribution de température approximée par un développement sur une base produit tensoriel. Les sources considérées sont des lampes flash, mais aussi des sources courants de Foucault (conduisant à un couplage électromagnétisme et chaleur). La description des délaminages sous forme de minces couches d'air se révèle équivalente à l'introduction d'une résistance superficielle au flux de chaleur permettant le traitement via l'approche modale sans discrétisation supplémentaire. Des calculs complémentaires par des codes commercial (méthode des éléments finis) et interne (technique d'intégration finie) confirment l'exactitude. Puis une grande attention est donnée à l'imagerie et la détection. Une procédure en deux étapes est conçue : débruitage des signaux bruts et détection de tout éventuel défaut en utilisant une reconstruction de signal thermographique conduisant à une haute résolution spatiale et temporelle dans le plan transverse, complété par une détection de frontière, puis optimisation itérative, les résultats de la première étape étant utilisées pour la régularisation d'un schéma moindres carrés afin de caractériser épaisseurs et profondeurs. Tout ce qui précède est illustré par de nombreuses simulations numériques dans des conditions proches de l'applicationThermographic inspection is a popular nondestructive testing (NdT) technique that provides images of temperature distribution over large areas at surfaces of tested workpieces. Detecting delaminations between metallic layers is the matter here. Simulation of these inspections indeed helps to complement experimental studies, evaluate performance in terms of detection and support model-based algorithms. A semi-analytical model based on a truncated region eigenfunction expansion for simulation of thermographic inspection is focused onto. The problem is solved in the Laplace domain w.r.t time, and the temperature distribution approximated by expanding it on a tensor product basis. Considered sources are lamps providing thermal excitation but may also be eddy current sources (leading to a coupled electromagnetic and heat problem). The description of the delaminations as thin air gaps between the workpiece layers proves to be equivalent with introduction of a surface resistance to the heat flow, enabling treatment via the applied modal approach without additional discretisation. Complementary computations by industry (Finite Element Method) and in-house (Finite Integration Technique) codes confirm the accuracy of the developments. Then, much attention is put on imaging and detection. A two-step procedure is devised, first denoising of raw signals and detection of any possible defect using a thermographic signal reconstruction leading to high spatial and temporal resolution in the transverse plane, completed by proper edge detection, second an iterative optimization being employed, with results of the first step used for regularization of a least-square scheme to characterize thicknesses and depths. All the above is illustrated by comprehensive numerical simulations in conditions close to practice
3
Kao, Yu-Chun, and 高于珺. "Physical distribution network design problem for multi-echelons supply chain." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60994419218247068623.
Анотація:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
運籌管理研究所
99
This study addresses the design of physical distribution network in multi-echelons supply chain, where the system includes manufacturers, distribution centers and retailers/customers. The problem is formulated as a mixed integer program. The proposed model determines the locations of distribution centers, the transport paths of commodity, and the volumes on the transport paths. An illustrative example and a case study based on a real distribution network were used to test the proposed model. Sensitive analysis was performed to identify some critical factors for the system. The results show that the model is practical and able to provide a promising solution.
4
Lu, Min-Xian, and 呂旻憲. "Physical Distribution Network Design Problem for Multi-echelons and Product Supply Chain - A Case Study of W Company." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/e63e5x.
Анотація:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理系
104
This study is a network design supply chain for multi-echelons and product. There are many suppliers, factories, DCs and customers, which are three stages in total. Firstly, the products were transported to plants from suppliers, then were produced by factories and stored in DCs secondly, and were transported to customers from DCs finally. It contains the location of suppliers and also it determines the number, transported routing deliveries and flow. During the research, we realized that the problem of three-staged supply chain was NP-hard, thus we develop Genetic Algorithm to solve it. We can solve the problem by Microsoft Excel solver and find the optimal solution for small problems. The result of Genetic Algorithm will be verified from Microsoft Excel solver. The two methods in experimental design adopt the practical situation, but adopting different stages of cost. Discovering the largest influence of cost in total cost then solving it. It can reduce the difficulties and procedures in total.
5
Chang, Yuan-Tse, and 張元澤. "A Multi-Screen Cyber-Physical Game Based on Body-Area Inertial Sensor Networks and Its Gravity Estimation Problem." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58066895898275002587.
Анотація:
碩士國立交通大學
資訊科學與工程研究所
99
Deploying body-area inertial sensor networks on human bodies to capture motions has attracted a lot of interests recently, especially in cyber-physical video games and context aware applications. While video games on the cyber world have been quite popular, enhancing them with more physical inputs, such as those from inertial sensors, is becoming a new trend. Following this trend, we develop a video game integrated with body-area inertial sensor networks deployed on players as inputs and with multiple game screens to broaden players’ views and provide more realistic interaction experiences. Our design simulates a multi-screen game engine by controlling a set of game engines simultaneously. A prototype with a body-area inertial sensor network platform, a cyber-physical game controller, and a set of game engines is demonstrated. The demonstrated game also addresses the interaction between virtual objects and players. Tracking human posture system based on accelerometer. One fundamental issue in such scenarios is how to calculate the gravity, no matter when human body parts are moving or not. Assuming multiple accelerometers being deployed on a rigid part of a human body, a recent work proposes a data fusion method to estimate the gravity on that rigid part. However, how to find the optimal deployment of sensors that minimizes the estimation error of the gravity is still an open problem. In this paper, we formulate the deployment optimization problem, present deployment guidelines, and propose some heuristics, including a virtual-force-based (VF-based) method and a Metropolis-based search method. Experimental results are presented to verify our results.
6
Hailu, Daniel. "Hybrid Spectral Ray Tracing Method for Multi-scale Millimeter-wave and Photonic Propagation Problems." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/6355.
Анотація:
This thesis presents an efficient self-consistent Hybrid Spectral Ray Tracing (HSRT) technique for analysis and design of multi-scale sub-millimeter wave problems, where sub-wavelength features are modeled using rigorous methods, and complex structures with dimensions in the order of tens or even hundreds of wavelengths are modeled by asymptotic methods.
Quasi-optical devices are used in imaging arrays for sub-millimeter and terahertz applications, THz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), high-speed wireless communications, and space applications to couple terahertz radiation from space to a hot electron bolometer. These devices and structures, as physically small they have become, are very large in terms of the wavelength of the driving quasi-optical sources and may have dimension in the tens or even hundreds of wavelengths. Simulation and design optimization of these devices and structures is an extremely challenging electromagnetic problem. The analysis of complex electrically large unbounded wave structures using rigorous methods such as method of moments (MoM), finite element method (FEM), and finite difference time domain (FDTD) method can become almost impossible due to the need for large computational resources. Asymptotic high-frequency techniques are used for analysis of electrically large quasi-optical systems and hybrid methods for solving multi-scale problems.
Spectral Ray Tracing (SRT) has a number of unique advantages as a candidate for hybridization. The SRT method has the advantages of Spectral Theory of Diffraction (STD). STD can model reflection, refraction and diffraction of an arbitrary wave incident on the complex structure, which is not the case for diffraction theories such as Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD), Uniform theory of Diffraction (UTD) and Uniform Asymptotic Theory (UAT). By including complex rays, SRT can effectively analyze both near-fields and far-fields accurately with minimal approximations. In this thesis, a novel matrix representation of SRT is presented that uses only one spectral integration per observation point and applied to modeling a hemispherical and hyper-hemispherical lens. The hybridization of SRT with commercially available FEM and MoM software is proposed in this work to solve the complexity of multi-scale analysis. This yields a computationally efficient self-consistent HSRT algorithm. Various arrangements of the Hybrid SRT method such as FEM-SRT, and MoM-SRT, are investigated and validated through comparison of radiation patterns with Ansoft HFSS for the FEM method, FEKO for MoM, Multi-level Fast Multipole Method (MLFMM) and physical optics. For that a bow-tie terahertz antenna backed by hyper-hemispherical silicon lens, an on-chip planar dipole fabricated in SiGe:C BiCMOS technology and attached to a hyper-hemispherical silicon lens and a double-slot antenna backed by silica lens will be used as sample structures to be analyzed using the HSRT. Computational performance (memory requirement, CPU/GPU time) of developed algorithm is compared to other methods in commercially available software. It is shown that the MoM-SRT, in its present implementation, is more accurate than MoM-PO but comparable in speed. However, as shown in this thesis, MoM-SRT can take advantage of parallel processing and GPU. The HSRT algorithm is applied to simulation of on-chip dipole antenna backed by Silicon lens and integrated with a 180-GHz VCO and radiation pattern compared with measurements. The radiation pattern is measured in a quasi-optical configuration using a power detector. In addition, it is shown that the matrix formulation of SRT and HSRT are promising approaches for solving complex electrically large problems with high accuracy.
This thesis also expounds on new measurement setup specifically developed for measuring integrated antennas, radiation pattern and gain of the embedded on-chip antenna in the mmW/ terahertz range. In this method, the radiation pattern is first measured in a quasi-optical configuration using a power detector. Subsequently, the radiated power is estimated form the integration over the radiation pattern. Finally, the antenna gain is obtained from the measurement of a two-antenna system.
Книги з теми "Multi-Physical problems":
1
Yuen, David A. GPU Solutions to Multi-scale Problems in Science and Engineering. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013.
2
Ge, Wei, Lennart Johnsson, Long Wang, David A. Yuen, Xuebin Chi, and Yaolin Shi. GPU Solutions to Multi-scale Problems in Science and Engineering. Springer, 2016.
3
Dewhurst, Felicity, Polly Edmonds, Suzie Gillon, Amy Hawkins, Mary Miller, and Sarah Yardley. Challenging Cases in Palliative Care. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780192864741.001.0001.
Анотація:
Abstract Palliative care has evolved rapidly in recent years. Not only is the field dealing with an increasingly elderly and multi-morbid population, it is also addressing a wider variety of complex diagnoses such as heart failure, renal failure, advanced lung disease, frailty, and dementia. As part of our Challenging Cases series, the cases in this book not only cover a range of physical and psychosocial problems seen in palliative care; they also reflect the core curriculum for UK specialty trainees. Each case brings together expert interpretation of the available evidence, management strategies, guidelines, and best practice, while discussing complexities in clinical decision-making and controversies in approach.
4
Padgett, Deborah. Handbook on Ethnicity, Aging, and Mental Health. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400661600.
Анотація:
This state-of-the-art, multi-disciplinary reference is the first to assess the empirical research and conceptual frameworks for understanding the mental health needs and services use of the ethnic elderly. Leading scholars, researchers, and clinicians in gerontology, epidemiology, psychiatry, psychology, sociology, anthropology, nursing, and social work appraise varying approaches, the demographics, the mental health status and service use of the ethnic elderly, and issues in the diagnosis, treatment, and mental health service delivery for the ethnic aged: for African Americans, American Indians, Asian and Pacific Islander Americans, and Hispanic/Latino Americans. This unique handbook is a valuable resource and text for students, teachers, and professionals in a broad array of fields and settings. The handbook considers such problems as Alzheimer's Disease, depression and problems of coping, culturally specific psychosocial nursing care programs, the role of culture and class in mental and physical co-morbidity among the elderly, and important life-course perspectives for specific groups. Students, teachers, and professionals in many fields and settings will find this unique handbook a valuable resource and text.
5
Khaleque, Abdul. Parenting and Child Development. Praeger, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400695223.
Анотація:
This research-based book covers the core components of modern parenting and child development across multi-ethnic and cross-cultural contexts in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North and South America, with a focus on the United States. Parenting and Child Development: Across Ethnicity and Culture is based on a cohesive framework that links physical, psychological, social, cognitive, and emotional aspects of children's lives to their experiences of parental behavior. This book covers the fundamentals of parent-child relationships, including the theoretical perspective of parenting, positive and negative parenting behaviors, and changing patterns of parenting from infancy through adolescence. Explored are parent-child relationships and their implications for children's health, well-being, and quality of life in different family forms, including parenting in drug-addicted families, homeless families, cohabiting families, single-parent families, and LGBT families around the world. Using an array of theories with relevant empirical findings, the practical implications for child development both within the United States and across the globe are highlighted. Also included is specific information about tools and techniques for measuring intimate relationships and intervention strategies for relationship problems.
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Anguillari, Enrico, and Branka Dimitrijević. INTEGRATED URBAN PLANNING: directions, resources and territories. TU Delft Bouwkunde, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.24.
Анотація:
The purpose of the book on integrated urban planning (IUP) is to present ongoing research from the universities involved in the project Creating the Network of Knowledge Labs for Sustainable and Resilient Environments (KLABS). Although sustainability and resilience have been largely explored in many complex social-ecological systems, they have only recently been applied in the context of cities. Both concepts are useful when seeking an integrated approach to urban planning as they help to look at the city as an interconnected, multi-dimensional system. Analysing the sustainability and the resilience of urban systems involves looking at environmental, social and economic aspects, as well as at those related to technology, culture and institutional structures. Sustainability, resilience as well as integrated urban development are all focused on process. Their objectives are typically defined around the ongoing operation of the process and they can change during the time. Therefore, building a sustainable and resilient city is a collective endeavor that is about mindsets just as much as about physical structures and their operation, where capacity to anticipate and plan for the future, to learn and to adapt are paramount. The papers published in this book show that the recent and current research in those institutions focuses on the directions of development of IUP, the processes that support sustainable and resilient use of natural resources and their application in the Western Balkan and some other European countries. Each essay aims to provide an overview of key aspects of the research topic. The division of the book into three parts - directions, resources and territories - underlines how the challenges that the contemporary city poses can be dealt with more effectively by integrating different paradigms, concepts and trends of urban development and governance; taking into account the numerous problems linked to the availability and exploitation of the main natural and non-natural resources; and looking at the city and the territory as systems in constant transformation, not reducible within rigid dichotomies such as urban/rural, dense/sprawled, formal/informal, etc.
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Taliyah, Hashir. Self Care Journal: Plumber Multi Tasking Problem Solving to-Do List Notebook, Invest 5 Minutes Daily to Physical, Mental and Emotional Health Planner, to Do Tracker Notebook Record Book with Check List Organizing, College Ruled 110 Pages Undated Quotes On. Independently Published, 2021.
Частини книг з теми "Multi-Physical problems":
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Kataoka, Takayuki. "A Mathematical Model Considering Multi-skilled Operators and Industrial Robots on Reconfigurable Manufacturing Cells." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 349–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28839-5_39.
Анотація:
AbstractA sustainable reconfigurable manufacturing system is one of the most important topics concerning sustainability. Basically, the reconfigurable manufacturing systems have two streams. One is the machine-intensive and the other is the labour-intensive. The machine-intensive means a cell formation problem (CFP) or a reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS). On the other hand, the labour-intensive means a cellular manufacturing (CM) or a Cell Production System (CPS). Almost all manufacturing sites have these assembly lines separately, however, some advanced manufacturing sites have adopted both CM and CPS in order to absorb variability of demand and operators under the environment of limited multi-skilled operators. When the operators are replaced by industrial robots in the real world, they are called robotic cells and focused as an important component of the cyber-physical system in the large number of recent papers. Therefore, this paper tackles to indicate a multi-period mixed integer programming model to solve simultaneously 2-type cell systems considering multi-skilled operators and industrial robots on reconfigurable manufacturing cells sustainably. Firstly, the traditional model is redefined by new parameters. Secondly, the proposed model is solved by 2-phase optimization problems. Finally, the proposed model is compared with the traditional model by using numerical experiments.
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Yamada, Susumu, Toshiyuki Imamura, and Masahiko Machida. "High Performance Parallel LOBPCG Method for Large Hamiltonian Derived from Hubbard Model on Multi-GPU Systems." In Supercomputing Frontiers, 1–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10419-0_1.
Анотація:
AbstractThe physical property of the Hubbard model can be understood by solving the eigenvalue problem for the Hamiltonian derived from the model. Since the Hamiltonian is a large sparse matrix, an iteration method is usually utilized for solving the problems. One of effectual solvers for this problem is the LOBPCG (Locally Optimal Block Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient) method. The tuning strategies of the method on GPU systems when all iteration vectors are stored in device memory have been proposed. In this research, we propose tuning strategies for parallel LOBPCG method on multi-GPU system when the Hamiltonian is large and some iteration vectors are stored in host memory. When the LOBPCG method is used for solving multi eigenpairs (eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors), the number of iteration vectors, whose size is the same as the dimension of the Hamiltonian, is proportional to the number of the eigenpairs. On the other hand, the memory consumption for the non-zero elements of the Hamiltonian can be significantly reduced by considering the regular arrangement of the elements. Therefore, when we execute the LOBPCG method for a large Hamiltonian on GPUs, some of the vectors have to be stored on host memory and have to be transferred between host and device memory as needed. Since the cost of the data transfer is very large, we also propose the optimization for it. The simulation result on a multi-GPU system shows that the optimization of the data transfer is very effective for high performance computing.
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Edelkamp, Stefan, Denis Golubev, and Christoph Greulich. "Solving the Physical Vehicle Routing Problem for Improved Multi-robot Freespace Navigation." In KI 2016: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 155–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46073-4_14.
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Liu, Chenyu, Anlin Wang, and Xiaotian Li. "Thermal Robustness Redesign of Electromagnet Under Multi-Physical Field Coupling." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 265–80. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1876-4_21.
Анотація:
AbstractAiming at the durability problem of the proportional electromagnet used in the proportional valve of engineering machinery, in order to improve its thermal failure resistance under random load conditions, a parametric redesign model of the proportional electromagnet was proposed based on the multi-physics coupling theory and robust optimization theory. This article takes the proportional electromagnet with a basin-type suction structure as the research object. The parameter model was verified through steady-state proportional electromagnet tests and temperature distribution tests. On the premise of ensuring the accuracy of electromagnetic calculation force, the conductivity and heat transfer parameters with fuzzy magnitude in the system were calibrated. Taking the key structural parameters of the proportional electromagnet and coil as the control factors, and the enameled wire diameter of the coil caused by the uncertainty of the production process conditions as the noise factor, an orthogonal experiment was designed based on the Taguchi method, and the thermal robustness redesign evaluation function of the proportional electromagnet was defined. Multi-factor weighted form. The thermal load of the proportional electromagnet obtained from the excavator field test was used as the response to calculate the heat source. Under the constraint of allowable temperature rise that can not cause coil insulation failure, a redesign method for key structural parameters that minimizes changes in system response under noise interference is given. Studies have shown that coil length and number of turns are the main factors affecting the thermal robustness of proportional electromagnets. The window shape of the coil is determined by the winding process and determines the magnetic properties and heat transfer capabilities of the system. The thermal robustness redesign method of proportional electromagnets proposed in this article has engineering reference value for the customized design of electromechanical products under magnetothermal coupling conditions.
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Celli, Andrea. "Preplay Communication in Multi-Player Sequential Games: An Overview of Recent Results." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 95–103. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_9.
Анотація:
AbstractThe computational study of game-theoretic solution concepts is fundamental to describe the optimal behavior of rational agents interacting in a strategic setting, and to predict the most likely outcome of a game. Equilibrium computation techniques have been applied to numerous real-world problems. Among other applications, they are the key building block of the best poker-playing AI agents [5, 6, 27], and have been applied to physical and cybersecurity problems (see, e.g., [18, 20, 21, 30–32]).
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Wang, Zhengqi, Yuan Ji, Weibo Zheng, and Mingyan Li. "Multi-level Network Software Defined Gateway Forwarding System Based on Multus." In Proceeding of 2021 International Conference on Wireless Communications, Networking and Applications, 166–76. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2456-9_18.
Анотація:
AbstractIn order to solve the problem that the data forwarding performance requirements of the security gateway are becoming higher and higher, the difficulty of operation and maintenance is increasing day by day, and the physical resource configuration strategy is constantly changing, a multi-level network software defined gateway forwarding system based on Multus is proposed and implemented. On the basis of kubernetes' centralized management and control of the service cluster, different types of CNI plugins are dynamically called for interface configuration, At the same time, it supports the multi-level network of kernel mode and user mode, separates the control plane and data plane of the forwarding system, and enhances the controllability of the system service. At the same time, the load balancing module based on user mode protocol stack is introduced to realize the functions of dynamic scaling, smooth upgrade, cluster monitoring, fault migration and so on without affecting the forwarding performance of the system.
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Chen, Lin, Yaan Hu, Zhonghua Li, and Chao Guo. "Study on the Mechanism of Water Loss and Capsizing of Multi - point Suspension Ship Lift." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 668–79. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6138-0_58.
Анотація:
AbstractThe stability of ship lift chamber operation has always been the key factor restricting the development of ship lift, which has not been well solved for a long time. With the development of upsizing of ships, the super-huge fully balanced ship lift with hoisting steel wire rope over 10000–15000 t is the development trend in the future. The mechanism of water loss and capsizing of multi-point ship lift is the most key scientific problem, and the most core technical problem is the layout and operation control of ship lift system. A generalized physical model of ship lift with the model scale of 1:33 was established to study the influence of multiple factors on water loss stability of ship chamber, such as gravity counterweight/torque counterweight ratio, water leakage flow, the position of suspension points among the chamber, quantity of the suspension points, and so on. Secondly, the structural dynamics equations of hoisting system is deduced in detail, considering the water fluctuation in the process of water loss caused by longitudinal capsizing moment influence on balance system, and research on the transient dynamic characteristics of hoisting system of the filtration process, determine the ship chamber conditions of stability for the trim through the Lyapunov stability criterion. The optimization calculation model of ship lift mechanical suspension system layout under the action of multiple constraints was established, and the effective measures will be given to improve the pitch stability. The results can provide technical guidance for the upsizing of ship lifters.
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Diestmann, Thomas, Nils Broedling, Benedict Götz, and Tobias Melz. "Surrogate Model-Based Uncertainty Quantification for a Helical Gear Pair." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 191–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77256-7_16.
Анотація:
AbstractCompetitive industrial transmission systems must perform most efficiently with reference to complex requirements and conflicting key performance indicators. This design challenge translates into a high-dimensional multi-objective optimization problem that requires complex algorithms and evaluation of computationally expensive simulations to predict physical system behavior and design robustness. Crucial for the design decision-making process is the characterization, ranking, and quantification of relevant sources of uncertainties. However, due to the strict time limits of product development loops, the overall computational burden of uncertainty quantification (UQ) may even drive state-of-the-art parallel computing resources to their limits. Efficient machine learning (ML) tools and techniques emphasizing high-fidelity simulation data-driven training will play a fundamental role in enabling UQ in the early-stage development phase.This investigation surveys UQ methods with a focus on noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) characteristics of transmission systems. Quasi-static 3D contact dynamic simulations are performed to evaluate the static transmission error (TE) of meshing gear pairs under different loading and boundary conditions. TE indicates NVH excitation and is typically used as an objective function in the early-stage design process. The limited system size allows large-scale design of experiments (DoE) and enables numerical studies of various UQ sampling and modeling techniques where the design parameters are treated as random variables associated with tolerances from manufacturing and assembly processes. The model accuracy of generalized polynomial chaos expansion (gPC) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) is evaluated and compared. The results of the methods are discussed to conclude efficient and scalable solution procedures for robust design optimization.
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Solís, Juan Frausto, Héctor Joaquín Fraire, José Carlos Soto-Monterrubio, and Rodolfo Pazos-Rangel. "Multi-Objective Simulated Annealing Algorithms for General Problems." In Handbook of Research on Military, Aeronautical, and Maritime Logistics and Operations, 280–92. IGI Global, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-9779-9.ch014.
Анотація:
Simulated Annealing is an analogy with the annealing of solids, which foundations come from a physical area known as statistical mechanics. This chapter presents a review of the literature on multi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA). There are several multi-objective approaches to solve optimization problems with simulated annealing such as hybridizations, implementation of strategies from different metaheuristics. Modern MOSA research includes populations and adaptive rules, and are briefly described in this chapter. We discuss different approaches in multi-objective and we revise the modern MOSA framework.
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Bai, Y., G. Zhao, and N. Khalili. "Further development of RockBox on modeling multi-physical problems in geomechanics." In Rock Dynamics and Applications - State of the Art, 493–500. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b14916-64.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Multi-Physical problems":
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Khudorozhko, I. N., and M. M. Nemirovich-Danchenko. "STATIC DISPLACEMENT IN CONTACT PROBLEMS FOR ANISOTROPIC MEDIUM AS A LIMITING CASE OF SOLVING A DYNAMIC PROBLEM." In Physical Mesomechanics of Materials. Physical Principles of Multi-Layer Structure Forming and Mechanisms of Non-Linear Behavior. Novosibirsk State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1353-3-197.
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Gani, Michael, William Sidelmann Schultz Steeval, and Ilmar Santos. "A Multi-Physical Modeling Approach to “Puffing” In Mechanical Face Seals." In XIX International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics. ABCM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.diname2023.din2023-0064.
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Leyva López, Juan Carlos, Jesús Jaime Solano Noriega, Jorge Anselmo Rodríguez Castro, and Luis Martínez López. "A linguistic ELECTRE III method for heterogeneous multicriteria ranking problems." In Conference on Machine learning, Multi Agent and Cyber Physical Systems (FLINS 2022). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789811269264_0072.
4
Vershinin, A. V., D. A. Konovalov, A. V. Kukushkin, and V. A. Levin. "Discontinuous Spectral Element Method for Solving Problems of Strength Analysis on Curvilinear Nonconformal Meshes." In Physical Mesomechanics of Materials. Physical Principles of Multi-Layer Structure Forming and Mechanisms of Non-Linear Behavior. Novosibirsk State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/978-5-4437-1353-3-167.
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Martinez, J. A., J. G. Meana, F. Las Heras, and A. G. Pino. "A physical optics multi-level binary space partitioning algorithm for large scattering problems." In 2006 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2006.1710929.
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Bissal, Ara, Jesper Magnusson, Ener Salinas, Göran Engdahl, and Anders Eriksson. "On the Design of Ultra-Fast Electromechanical Actuators: A Comprehensive Multi-Physical Simulation Model." In 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications (ICEF). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icef.2012.6310320.
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Zhang, Yujiao, Mengyun Sun, Jiangjun Ruan, and Tao Huang. "Ventilation Structure Improvement of Large Motors Using 3-D Multi-Physical Coupled-Field Finite-Element Analysis." In 2012 Sixth International Conference on Electromagnetic Field Problems and Applications (ICEF). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icef.2012.6310356.
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Burkholder, R. J., P. H. Pathak, and C. J. Reddy. "Asymptotic phase-front extraction applied to iterative physical optics for electrically large multi-bounce problems." In IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Symposium, 2004. IEEE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aps.2004.1330339.
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Balch, A. H., H. Chang, Gregg Hofland, and Kurt Ranzinger. "Multi‐Mode Seismic Imaging of Forward and Back Scattered Seismic Waves in a Cross‐Borehole Physical Model." In Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems. Environment and Engineering Geophysical Society, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4133/1.2921898.
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Adali, Sarp. "Variational Formulation of Vibrations of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes With Geometric and Physical Nonlinearities." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-10586.
Анотація:
Variational principles are derived for multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) undergoing nonlinear vibrations. Two sources of nonlinearity are considered in the continuum modeling of CNTs with the Euler-Bernoulli beam model describing the dynamics of the CNTs. One source is the geometric nonlinearity which may arise as a result of large deflections. The second source is due to van der Waals forces between the nanotubes which can be modeled as a nonlinear force to improve the accuracy of the physical model. After deriving the applicable variational principle, Hamilton’s principle is given. Natural and geometric boundary conditions are derived using the variational formulation of the problem. Several approximate and computational methods of solution such as Rayleigh-Ritz and finite elements employ the variational formulation of the problem and as such these principles are instrumental in obtaining the solutions of vibration problems under complicated boundary conditions.
Звіти організацій з теми "Multi-Physical problems":
1
Klammler, Harald. Introduction to the Mechanics of Flow and Transport for Groundwater Scientists. The Groundwater Project, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21083/gxat7083.
Анотація:
Starting from Newton’s laws of motion and viscosity, this book is an introduction to fundamental aspects of fluid dynamics that are most relevant to groundwater scientists. Based on a perspective of driving versus resisting forces that govern the motion of a fluid, the author derives Darcy’s law for flow through porous media by drawing an analogy to Bernoulli’s law for fluid with negligible viscosity. By combining the effects of gravity and pressure, the author identifies hydraulic head as a convenient numerical quantity to represent the force driving groundwater flow. In contrast to the physical derivation of hydraulic head, hydraulic conductivity emerges as a parameter related to the resisting frictional forces between the mobile fluid and the stationary porous medium. These frictional seepage forces also affect the effective stress state of the porous medium, thus establishing a link to soil stability and quicksand formation. Combining Darcy’s law with the law of mass conservation leads the reader to the fundamental equations of saturated groundwater flow. Finally, the effects of capillary forces are included to establish the governing equations for unsaturated and multi-phase flow. Throughout the book, the author focuses on thoroughly illustrating and deriving the equations while applying order of magnitude analyses. This approach makes it possible to extract the most information, for example in terms of the scale of response time, without requiring explicit solutions. A number of boxes and solved exercises contain further details and links to practical applications such as the water table ratio that reflects ‘fullness’ of an aquifer and the performance of slug tests for in situ measurement of hydraulic conductivity. This book makes an important contribution to groundwater science by providing a progressive introductory explanation of the physical mechanics of groundwater flow and the accompanying socioeconomic and ecological problems that may arise.
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Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright, and Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.
Анотація:
Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.
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Jones, David, Roy Cook, John Sovell, Matt Ley, Hannah Shepler, David Weinzimmer, and Carlos Linares. Natural resource condition assessment: Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301822.
Анотація:
The National Park Service (NPS) Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program administered by the NPS Water Resources Division evaluates current conditions for important natural resources and resource indicators using primarily existing information and data. NRCAs also report on trends in resource condition, when possible, identify critical data gaps, and characterize a general level of confidence for study findings. This NRCA complements previous scientific endeavors, is multi-disciplinary in scope, employs a hierarchical indicator framework, identifies and develops reference conditions/values for comparison against current conditions, and emphasizes spatial evaluation of conditions where possible. Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial (LIBO) was authorized by an act of Congress on February 19, 1962, (Public Law 87-407) to preserve the site associated with the boyhood and family of President Abraham Lincoln, including a portion of the original Tom Lincoln farm and the nearby gravesite of Nancy Hanks Lincoln. The 200-acre memorial commemorates the pioneer farm where Abraham Lincoln lived from the age of 7 to 21. The NRCA for LIBO employed a scoping process involving Colorado State University, LIBO and other NPS staffs to establish the NRCA framework, identify important park resources, and gather existing information and data. Indicators and measures for each resource were then identified and evaluated. Data and information were analyzed and synthesized to provide summaries and address condition, trend and confidence using a standardized but flexible framework. A total of nine focal resources were examined: four addressing system and human dimensions, one addressing chemical and physical attributes, and four addressing biological attributes. The quality and currentness of data used for the evaluation varied by resource. Landscape context ? system and human dimensions included land cover and land use, natural night skies, soundscape, and climate change. Climate change and land cover/land use were not assigned a condition or trend?they provide important context to the memorial and many natural resources and can be stressors. Some of the land cover and land use-related stressors at LIBO and in the larger region are related to the development of rural land and increases in population/housing over time. The trend in land development, coupled with the lack of significantly sized and linked protected areas, presents significant challenges to the conservation of natural resources of LIBO to also include natural night skies, natural sounds and scenery. Climate change is happening and is affecting resources, but is not considered good or bad per se. The information synthesized in that section is useful in examining potential trends in the vulnerability of sensitive resources and broad habitat types such as forests. Night skies and soundscapes, significantly altered by disturbance due to traffic, development and urbanization, warrant significant and moderate concern, respectively, and appear to be in decline. Air quality was the sole resource supporting chemical and physical environment at the memorial. The condition of air quality can affect human dimensions of the park such as visibility and scenery as well as biological components such as the effect of ozone levels on vegetation health. Air quality warrants significant concern and is largely impacted by historical and current land uses outside the memorial boundary. The floral biological component was examined by assessing native species composition, Mean Coefficient of Conservation, Floristic Quality Assessment Index, invasive exotic plants, forest pests and disease, and forest vulnerability to climate change. Vegetation resources at LIBO have been influenced by historical land uses that have changed the species composition and age structure of these communities. Although large tracts of forests can be found surrounding the park, the majority of forested areas are fragmented, and few areas within and around LIBO exhibit late-successional or old-growth characteristics. Vegetation communities at LIBO have a long history of being impacted by a variety of stressors and threats including noxious and invasive weeds, diseases and insect pests; compounding effects of climate change, air pollution, acid rain/atmospheric chemistry, and past land uses; and impacts associated with overabundant white-tail deer populations. These stressors and threats have collectively shaped and continue to impact plant community condition and ecological succession. The sole metric in good condition was native species composition, while all other indicators and metrics warranted either moderate or significant concern. The faunal biological components examined included birds, herptiles, and mammals. Birds (unchanging trend) and herptiles (no trend determined) warrant moderate concern, while mammal populations warrant significant concern (no trend determined). The confidence of both herptiles and mammals was low due to length of time since data were last collected. Current forest structure within and surrounding LIBO generally reflects the historical overstory composition but changes in the hardwood forest at LIBO and the surrounding area have resulted in declines in the avian fauna of the region since the 1970s. The decline in woodland bird populations has been caused by multiple factors including the conversion of hardwood forest to other land cover types, habitat fragmentation, and increasing human population growth. The identification of data gaps during the course of the assessment is an important NRCA outcome. Resource-specific details are presented in each resource section. In some cases, significant data gaps contributed to the resource not being evaluated or low confidence in the condition or trend being assigned to a resource. Primary data gaps and uncertainties encountered were lack of recent survey data, uncertainties regarding reference conditions, availability of consistent long-term data, and the need for more robust or sensitive sampling designs. Impacts associated with development outside the park will continue to stress some resources. Regionally, the direct and indirect effects of climate change are likely but specific outcomes are uncertain. Nonetheless, within the past several decades, some progress has been made toward restoring the quality of natural resources within the park, most notably the forested environments. Regional and park-specific mitigation and adaptation strategies are needed to maintain or improve the condition of some resources over time. Success will require acknowledging a ?dynamic change context? that manages widespread and volatile problems while confronting uncertainties, managing natural and cultural resources simultaneously and interdependently, developing disciplinary and interdisciplinary knowledge, and establishing connectivity across broad landscapes beyond park borders.
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Bray, Jonathan, Ross Boulanger, Misko Cubrinovski, Kohji Tokimatsu, Steven Kramer, Thomas O'Rourke, Ellen Rathje, Russell Green, Peter Robertson, and Christine Beyzaei. U.S.—New Zealand— Japan International Workshop, Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movement Effects, University of California, Berkeley, California, 2-4 November 2016. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/gzzx9906.
Анотація:
There is much to learn from the recent New Zealand and Japan earthquakes. These earthquakes produced differing levels of liquefaction-induced ground movements that damaged buildings, bridges, and buried utilities. Along with the often spectacular observations of infrastructure damage, there were many cases where well-built facilities located in areas of liquefaction-induced ground failure were not damaged. Researchers are working on characterizing and learning from these observations of both poor and good performance. The “Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movements Effects” workshop provided an opportunity to take advantage of recent research investments following these earthquake events to develop a path forward for an integrated understanding of how infrastructure performs with various levels of liquefaction. Fifty-five researchers in the field, two-thirds from the U.S. and one-third from New Zealand and Japan, convened in Berkeley, California, in November 2016. The objective of the workshop was to identify research thrusts offering the greatest potential for advancing our capabilities for understanding, evaluating, and mitigating the effects of liquefaction-induced ground movements on structures and lifelines. The workshop also advanced the development of younger researchers by identifying promising research opportunities and approaches, and promoting future collaborations among participants. During the workshop, participants identified five cross-cutting research priorities that need to be addressed to advance our scientific understanding of and engineering procedures for soil liquefaction effects during earthquakes. Accordingly, this report was organized to address five research themes: (1) case history data; (2) integrated site characterization; (3) numerical analysis; (4) challenging soils; and (5) effects and mitigation of liquefaction in the built environment and communities. These research themes provide an integrated approach toward transformative advances in addressing liquefaction hazards worldwide. The archival documentation of liquefaction case history datasets in electronic data repositories for use by the broader research community is critical to accelerating advances in liquefaction research. Many of the available liquefaction case history datasets are not fully documented, published, or shared. Developing and sharing well-documented liquefaction datasets reflect significant research efforts. Therefore, datasets should be published with a permanent DOI, with appropriate citation language for proper acknowledgment in publications that use the data. Integrated site characterization procedures that incorporate qualitative geologic information about the soil deposits at a site and the quantitative information from in situ and laboratory engineering tests of these soils are essential for quantifying and minimizing the uncertainties associated site characterization. Such information is vitally important to help identify potential failure modes and guide in situ testing. At the site scale, one potential way to do this is to use proxies for depositional environments. At the fabric and microstructure scale, the use of multiple in situ tests that induce different levels of strain should be used to characterize soil properties. The development of new in situ testing tools and methods that are more sensitive to soil fabric and microstructure should be continued. The development of robust, validated analytical procedures for evaluating the effects of liquefaction on civil infrastructure persists as a critical research topic. Robust validated analytical procedures would translate into more reliable evaluations of critical civil infrastructure iv performance, support the development of mechanics-based, practice-oriented engineering models, help eliminate suspected biases in our current engineering practices, and facilitate greater integration with structural, hydraulic, and wind engineering analysis capabilities for addressing multi-hazard problems. Effective collaboration across countries and disciplines is essential for developing analytical procedures that are robust across the full spectrum of geologic, infrastructure, and natural hazard loading conditions encountered in practice There are soils that are challenging to characterize, to model, and to evaluate, because their responses differ significantly from those of clean sands: they cannot be sampled and tested effectively using existing procedures, their properties cannot be estimated confidently using existing in situ testing methods, or constitutive models to describe their responses have not yet been developed or validated. Challenging soils include but are not limited to: interbedded soil deposits, intermediate (silty) soils, mine tailings, gravelly soils, crushable soils, aged soils, and cemented soils. New field and laboratory test procedures are required to characterize the responses of these materials to earthquake loadings, physical experiments are required to explore mechanisms, and new soil constitutive models tailored to describe the behavior of such soils are required. Well-documented case histories involving challenging soils where both the poor and good performance of engineered systems are documented are also of high priority. Characterizing and mitigating the effects of liquefaction on the built environment requires understanding its components and interactions as a system, including residential housing, commercial and industrial buildings, public buildings and facilities, and spatially distributed infrastructure, such as electric power, gas and liquid fuel, telecommunication, transportation, water supply, wastewater conveyance/treatment, and flood protection systems. Research to improve the characterization and mitigation of liquefaction effects on the built environment is essential for achieving resiliency. For example, the complex mechanisms of ground deformation caused by liquefaction and building response need to be clarified and the potential bias and dispersion in practice-oriented procedures for quantifying building response to liquefaction need to be quantified. Component-focused and system-performance research on lifeline response to liquefaction is required. Research on component behavior can be advanced by numerical simulations in combination with centrifuge and large-scale soil–structure interaction testing. System response requires advanced network analysis that accounts for the propagation of uncertainty in assessing the effects of liquefaction on large, geographically distributed systems. Lastly, research on liquefaction mitigation strategies, including aspects of ground improvement, structural modification, system health monitoring, and rapid recovery planning, is needed to identify the most effective, cost-efficient, and sustainable measures to improve the response and resiliency of the built environment.