Статті в журналах: "Multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer"

1

Gomer, Andreas, Wei Zou, Niels Grigat, Johannes Sackmann, and Werner Schomburg. "Fabrication of Fiber Reinforced Plastics by Ultrasonic Welding." Journal of Composites Science 2, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs2030056.

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Ultrasonic fabrication of fiber reinforced plastics made from thermoplastic polymer films and carbon or glass fibers enables cycle times of a few seconds and requires investment costs of only some 10,000 €. Besides this, the raw materials can be stored at room temperature. A fiber content of 33 vol % and a tensile strength of approximately 1.2 GPa have been achieved by ultrasonic welding of nine layers of foils from polyamide, each 100 µm in thickness, and eight layers of carbon fibers, each 100 µm in thickness, in between. Besides unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite (CFRP) samples, multi-directional CFRP plates, 116 mm, 64 mm and 1.2 mm in length, width and thickness respectively, were fabricated by processing three layers of carbon fiber canvas, each 300 µm in thickness, and eight layers of polyamide foils, each 100 µm in thickness. Furthermore, both the discontinuous and the continuous ultrasonic fabrication processes are described and the results are presented in this paper. Large-scale production still needs to be demonstrated.

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2

Ofoegbu, Stanley, Mário Ferreira, and Mikhail Zheludkevich. "Galvanically Stimulated Degradation of Carbon-Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Critical Review." Materials 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040651.

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Carbon is used as a reinforcing phase in carbon-fiber reinforced polymer composites employed in aeronautical and other technological applications. Under polarization in aqueous media, which can occur on galvanic coupling of carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) with metals in multi-material structures, degradation of the composite occurs. These degradative processes are intimately linked with the electrically conductive nature and surface chemistry of carbon. This review highlights the potential corrosion challenges in multi-material combinations containing carbon-fiber reinforced polymers, the surface chemistry of carbon, its plausible effects on the electrochemical activity of carbon, and consequently the degradation processes on carbon-fiber reinforced polymers. The implications of the emerging use of conductive nano-fillers (carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers) in the modification of CFRPs on galvanically stimulated degradation of CFRP is accentuated. The problem of galvanic coupling of CFRP with selected metals is set into perspective, and insights on potential methods for mitigation and monitoring the degradative processes in these composites are highlighted.

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3

Sena-Cruz, José, Joaquim Barros, and Mário Coelho. "Bond between Concrete and Multi-Directional CFRP Laminates." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 917–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.917.

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Recently, laminates of multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymers (MDL-CFRP) have been developed for Civil Engineering applications. A MDL-CFRP laminate has fibers in distinct directions that can be arranged in order to optimize stiffness and/or strength requisites. These laminates can be conceived in order to be fixed to structural elements with anchors, resulting high effective strengthening systems. To evaluate the strengthening potentialities of this type of laminates, pullout tests were carried out. The influence of the number of anchors, their geometric location and the applied pre-stress are analyzed. The present work describes the carried-out tests and presents and analyzes the most significant obtained results.

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4

Shahbaz, Shah R., and Ömer B. Berkalp. "Effect of MWCNTs addition, on the mechanical behaviour of FRP composites, by reinforcement grafting and matrix modification." Journal of Industrial Textiles 50, no. 2 (January 13, 2019): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083718825317.

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Carbon nanotubes have extraordinary potential for the modification of reinforcements and matrices in fiber-reinforced polymer composites for enhanced mechanical properties. In this study, 12 fiber-reinforced polymer composites were produced with and without the addition of functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes using different stacking sequences of E-glass and carbon fabric reinforcements in simple and hybrid configurations. Carbon nanotubes were incorporated into the fiber-reinforced polymer components prior to composite fabrication by: (i) grafting on reinforcements, and (ii) matrix modification by carbon nanotubes. The grafting of carbon nanotubes exhibited a pronounced tensile behaviour with carbon-rich fiber-reinforced polymers, whereas carbon nanotube-modified matrix showed more enhanced flexural behaviour overall. Around 12% increase in tensile strength was observed when the carbon nanotubes were grafted on to the reinforcements compared to respective pristine composites, while around 70% increase in the flexural strength was noticed as compared to the respective pristine composties when carbon nanotube-modified matrix was used.

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5

Sun, Jinru, Xueling Yao, Wenjun Xu, Jingliang Chen, and Yi Wu. "Evaluation method for lightning damage of carbon fiber reinforced polymers subjected to multiple lightning strikes with different combinations of current components." Journal of Composite Materials 54, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319860562.

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The aircraft lightning environment consists of four lightning current components with different parameters, which are known as lightning components A, B, C and D. The lightning damage of aeronautic carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates subjected to multiple continuous sequential lightning current components with different timing combinations was experimentally evaluated. The experimental results indicated that the carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates suffered serious lightning damage, including carbon fiber fracture, resin pyrolysis and delamination. Through an analysis of the lightning damage properties of carbon fiber reinforced polymers, the influential factors and evaluation methods of the lightning damage in carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates were studied. Because the lightning damage evaluation method under a single lightning impulse was found to be inapplicable for the multiple continuous lightning strikes, a multi-factor evaluation method was proposed. In the multiple continuous lightning strike test, the damage depth was found to be closely related to lightning components A, B and D and could be estimated based on the amplitudes and rise rates of the applied lightning components. Increases in the damaged area after a lightning strike were driven by lightning component C due to its substantial thermal effects. The damaged area was evaluated on the basis of the parameters of the electrical action integral and the transfer charge. The research on the evaluation methods for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate lightning damage presented herein may provide experimental support and a theoretical basis for studying the lightning effect mechanism and optimizing material formulations, manufacturing processes and structural designs to achieve performance improvements for carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates in the future.

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6

Ning, Haifeng, Hualin Zheng, and Xinman Yuan. "Establishment of instantaneous milling force prediction model for multi-directional CFRP laminate." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 6 (June 2021): 168781402110277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211027706.

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Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) is widely used in the aerospace field due to its light weight and high strength. The CFRP milling process is prone to damage such as burrs and tears. The cutting force is closely related to the damage of CFRP and tool wear. In this paper, a back propagation (BP) neural network model of cutting force and edge force coefficients was established. The model considers the effects of instantaneous uncut chip thickness, fiber cutting angle, spindle speed, and axial depth of cut. The unidirectional CFRP laminate instantaneous milling model considering the cutting edge force was further established. The instantaneous milling force prediction model was extended to multi-directional CFRP laminates. And the relationship between the damage mechanism of CFRP and the instantaneous milling force was analyzed. Experiments have proved that the instantaneous milling force prediction model built in this paper has high accuracy.

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7

ALLEN, D. ALBERT, G. RAMANAN, R. R. NEELA RAJAN, and A. K. DARWINS. "Experimental Study on Change in Mechanical Characteristics of E-Glass Fibre Reinforced Epoxy Composite by Adding Carbon Nanotube Layers." Asian Journal of Chemistry 31, no. 6 (April 29, 2019): 1251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2019.21874.

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Polymer composite reinforced with fiber materials have always proven its superior significant enactment over numerous traditional materials, considering their incomparable strength to weight ratio and stiffness. Carbon nanotubes usage in glass-fiber reinforced polymer has high potential in changing the characteristics of composite laminates. Carbon nanotubes have engrossed composite fraternity in exploring the opportunity of utilizing them as a supplementary reinforcement in fiber reinforced polymer composites. This study examines the mechanical characters of glass-fiber reinforced polymer with and without multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). Composite laminated layers are fabricated using epoxy resin without carbon nanotube and with 0.5 and 1.5 % MWCNT. The materials were tested to determine tensile, flexural and compression properties. It is observed that the carbon nanotubes can enhance the mechanical properties in the composite laminates. Composite laminate with 1.5 wt % MWCNT exhibited good mechanical properties compared to that with 0.5 wt % MWCNT and without MWCNT.

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8

Rajmohan, T., K. Mohan, and K. Palanikumar. "Synthesis and Characterization of Multi Wall Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) Filled Hybrid Banana-Glass Fiber Reinforced Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 766-767 (June 2015): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.766-767.193.

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Natural Fiber Reinforced Composite (NFRC) are used by replacing Synthetic Fiber Reinforced Composites (SFRC) because of its poor reusability, recycling, bio degradability. Even though NFRC are lack in thermal stability, strength degradation, water absorption and poor impact properties. The hybridization and nanoparticles mixed in different polymers are used to improve mechanical and wear properties of the polymer composites. In the present investigation Multi wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in Epoxy resin using ultrasonic bath sonicator are used as matrix face for hybrid banana-Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics composite materials which is manufactured by compression molding processes. As per ASTM standards tensile, compression tests are carried out by using Universal Testing Machine. Microstructure of samples are investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) with Energy dispersive X-ray (EDS). SEM shows the homogeneous distribution of the fiber in the modified polymer matrix. The results indicated that the increase in weight % of MWCNT improves the mechanical properties of MWCNT filled hybrid natural fiber composites.

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9

Sanei, Seyed Hamid Reza, and Diana Popescu. "3D-Printed Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites: A Systematic Review." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 3 (July 24, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4030098.

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Fiber reinforced composites offer exceptional directional mechanical properties, and combining their advantages with the capability of 3D printing has resulted in many innovative research fronts. This review aims to summarize the methods and findings of research conducted on 3D-printed carbon fiber reinforced composites. The review is focused on commercially available printers and filaments, as their results are reproducible and the findings can be applied to functional parts. As the process parameters can be readily changed in preparation of a 3D-printed part, it has been the focus of many studies. In addition to typical composite driving factors such as fiber orientation, fiber volume fraction and stacking sequence, printing parameters such as infill density, infill pattern, nozzle speed, layer thickness, built orientation, nozzle and bed temperatures have shown to influence mechanical properties. Due to the unique advantages of 3D printing, in addition to conventional unidirectional fiber orientation, concentric fiber rings have been used to optimize the mechanical performance of a part. This review surveys the literature in 3D printing of chopped and continuous carbon fiber composites to provide a reference for the state-of-the-art efforts, existing limitations and new research frontiers.

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10

Rashid, Iqra Abdul, Ayesha Afzal, Muhammad Fayzan Shakir, and Asra Tariq. "Multi-Functional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites for Fire Retardant Applications." Key Engineering Materials 875 (February 2021): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.875.23.

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Development of multifunctional flame retardant (FR) polymer composite was done. Flame retardant polymer composite was prepared by modifying diglycidylether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy. Modification involved two types of FR. Reactive type FR used was phosphoric acid and additive type FR used was magnesium hydroxide. Composite was fabricated using resin infusion under flexible tooling (RIFT) process. Different FR epoxy samples were evaluated by compression test, UL 94. The carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite with attributes of flame retardancy were characterized using in-plane shear test, to estimate the structural properties, and UL-94 test, to estimate the fire performance. FR composite exhibited UL-94 rating of V-1 and a shear modulus of 9.7 GPa, which proved it to multifunctional.

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11

Mohd Shahir Kasim, W Noor Fatihah W Mohamad, Raja Izamshah, Noraiham Mohamad, Hairulhisham Rosnan, Syahrul Azwan Sundi, Muhammad Hafiz Hassan, Teruaki Ito, and Zamri Mat Kasa. "Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Delamination during Vibration Assisted Trimming using Historical Data Design." Malaysian Journal on Composites Science and Manufacturing 6, no. 1 (November 15, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/mjcsm.6.1.113.

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Delamination is one of the main issues during the CFRP cutting process. This problem attracts researchers to investigate to meet the stringent quality need. This paper evaluates the influence of Rotary Ultrasonic Assisted Trimming (RUAT) when slotting carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP). The study investigates rotation speed, vibration amplitude, and frequency particularly. The correlation effect of these parameters is to be evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM) to identify the minimum delamination. Seventeen trials were conducted with 38 plies of multi-directional CFRP panel. The trimming quality was determined by the minimum delamination damage of the slotting area analyzed by the ImageJ software. The best slotting quality can be achieved by applying spindle speed, amplitude, and frequency of 5305 rpm, 2.75 µm, and 26.79 kHz.

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12

Katouzian, Mostafa, Sorin Vlase, and Maria Luminita Scutaru. "Finite Element Method-Based Simulation Creep Behavior of Viscoelastic Carbon-Fiber Composite." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2021): 1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071017.

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Usually, a polymer composite with a viscoelastic response matrix has a creep behavior. To predict this phenomenon, a good knowledge of the properties and mechanical constants of the material becomes important. Schapery’s equation represents a basic relation to study the nonlinear viscoelastic creep behavior of composite reinforced with carbon fiber (matrix made by polyethrtethrtketone (PEEK) and epoxy resin). The finite element method (FEM) is a classic, well known and powerful tool to determine the overall engineering constants. The method is applied to a fiber one-directional composite for two different applications: carbon fibers T800 reinforcing an epoxy matrix Fibredux 6376C and carbon fibers of the type IM6 reinforcing a thermoplastic material APC2. More cases have been considered. The experimental results provide a validation of the proposed method and a good agreement between theoretical and experimental results.

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13

Kim, Tae-Kyun, and Woo-Tai Jung. "Improvement of Anchorage Performance of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Cables." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061239.

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Prestressed concrete composed of steel materials is increasingly used in various social infrastructures, such as bridges (cables), nuclear containment structures, liquefied natural gas (LNG) tanks, and structural reinforcements. This study aimed to substitute the steel in bridge cables with fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) to prevent the damage caused by the performance degradation of corroded prestressed steel. An optimized single-anchorage system was derived by applying multiple variables, such as the surface treatment, number of insert layers, and sleeve processing companies, to improve the maximum load and bonding with the anchorage system sleeve using the carbon FRP (CFRP) cable. The B-L-4 specimen (sleeve specifications of company B, longitudinal surface treatment, and four insert layers) was determined to be the optimized single-anchorage system. When the tensile test was conducted after applying the optimized single-anchorage system to the three- and seven-multi-anchorage systems, the tensile performances of B-L-4 were 100 and 95% of the one-multi-anchorage system, respectively. Considering that the problems associated with the construction of three- and seven-multi-anchorage systems have been addressed, these systems can be applied to actual bridges in the future, and can significantly benefit their maintenance.

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14

Kubher, Sagar, Suhasini Gururaja, and Redouane Zitoune. "In-situ cutting temperature and machining force measurements during conventional drilling of carbon fiber polymer composite laminates." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 20 (March 3, 2021): 2807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998321998070.

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The evolution of in-situ cutting temperature and machining forces during conventional drilling of multi-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (MD-CFRP) laminates using a novel inverted drilling setup is presented. The in-situ cutting temperature was measured using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) optical sensor embedded in the stationary drill. The effect of machining parameters such as spindle speed and feed rate on the temperatures and machining forces were studied that indicate the predominant effect of spindle speed on machining temperatures. The drilled MD-CFRP samples and drill bits were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and micro-computed tomography ([Formula: see text]) techniques to assess machining-induced damage in the samples and tool wear in the drill bits. Exit-ply delamination was observed in MD-CFRP samples that aggravates with increase in cutting temperature and thrust force caused by evolving tool wear. The measured in-situ machining temperatures using the current experimental setup can be used to achieve better machining models.

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15

Li, Wuzhou, Liangang Zheng, Yang Gao, Yuzhe Xie, and Fujun Xu. "Interfacial Bonding Enhancement Between Cryogenic Conditioned Carbon Fiber and Epoxy Resin Characterized by the Single-Fiber Fragmentation Method." AATCC Journal of Research 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14504/ajr.8.4.1.

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Carbon fiber (CF) is an important structural material due to its favorable mechanical and physical properties. However, poor interfacial bonding with polymer resin severely affects the mechanical performance of carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites (CFRP). In this study, the single-fiber CFRPs were treated using multi-stage cryogenic approaches to optimize the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between carbon fiber and epoxy resin. The carbon fiber was pretreated by cryogenic treatment with sharp and slow cooling rates, followed by the same treatment of the single-fiber CFRP composed of the pretreated carbon fiber to reach the optimal interfacial modification. The IFSS value was increased by 27.4% when the carbon fiber was pretreated at a slow cooling rate, and its single-fiber CFRP was treated at a sharp cooling rate.

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16

Haider, Mohammad F., Prasun K. Majumdar, Stephanie Angeloni, and Kenneth L. Reifsnider. "Nonlinear anisotropic electrical response of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer composites." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 8 (July 11, 2017): 1017–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317719999.

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Composites materials are often subjected to multi-physics conditions in different applications where, in addition to mechanical loads, they also need to sustain other types of loads such as electrical currents. Composite materials have heterogeneous electrical properties at the local level that can be different at the global level. In this study, electrical response was measured to explore how different lamina orientation and electrical current density affect anisotropic electrical properties of composite. For in-plane study, current was applied up to 80 kA/m2 for both unidirectional and quasi-isotropic composite. In thickness direction, maximum current density was 6 kA/m2. As expected, electrical properties are indeed dependent on fiber architecture which acts as conduction path in the laminate, and also depends on progressive increase in current density. Anisotropic electrical behavior was measured experimentally and the threshold of nonlinear behavior due to high current was identified. Threshold current density for unidirectional composite in fiber direction and for quasi isotropic are, respectively, 48.14 ± 4.3% kA/m2, 56.06 ± 4.4% kA/m2. For off-axis fiber laminates, this threshold limit shifts from 34.36 ± 5.9% kA/m2 to a lower value of 17.95 ± 7.9% kA/m2 as the fibers are oriented away from the x axis. In thickness direction, this threshold limit is in between 2.56 and 3.80 kA/m2. The electrical-thermal responses were also studied experimentally with thermography tests and the results were compared to indicate damage. A 3D X-ray microscope has been used to visualize and quantify (down to 1 micron) such local material state changes due to electrical current.

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17

Truong, Gia Toai, Hai Van Tran, and Kyoung-Kyu Choi. "Investigation on Mode I Fracture Toughness of Woven Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Incorporating Nanomaterials." Polymers 12, no. 11 (October 28, 2020): 2512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112512.

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This study experimentally investigated the effects of nanomaterials and interface fiber angle on the mode I fracture toughness of woven carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Three different types of nanomaterials were used: COOH-functionalized short multi-walled carbon nanotubes (S-MWCNT-COOH), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs). Double cantilever beam specimens were composed of 12 woven carbon fiber fabrics with/without 1 wt% nanomaterials, and were manufactured using the hand lay-up method. Furthermore, two different stacking sequence series were used; the first series comprised only on-axis carbon-fiber fabrics (0° or 90°), and the second series comprised both on- and off-axis carbon-fiber fabrics (0° or 90° and ±45°). The test results showed that adding S-MWCNT-COOH, MWCNTs, and GnPs significantly increased the mode I fracture toughness of the CFRP composites for both the stacking sequence series. Moreover, the specimens that used only on-axis carbon fiber fabrics exhibited higher fracture toughness values than those of the specimens that used on- and off-axis carbon fiber fabrics together. In addition, an empirical model was established to predict the fracture toughness of the CFRP composites with nanomaterials by using on- and off-axis carbon fiber fabrics together, and the prediction results showed a good agreement with the experimental results.

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18

Soleymani, Mahdi, Ahmad Reza Ghasemi, and Behzad Moslemi-Abyaneh. "Agglomerated carbon nanotubes effects on buckling behavior of fiber metal laminated nanocomposite shells." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112211087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221108743.

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In this research, the influence of carbon nanotubes agglomeration on the buckling behavior of multi-phase CNTs/fiber/polymer/metal composite laminates cylindrical shells under hydrostatic pressure was investigated. Governing equations were derived according to the Kirchhoff-Love’s first approximation shell theory and solved by a combination of the Galerkin and Fourier series expansion methods. Equivalent elastic properties of multi-phase CNTs/fiber/polymer/metal laminated (CNTFPML) cylindrical shell were obtained using the Eshelby-Mori-Tanaka approach, considering the dispersion and agglomeration effects. Primarily, CNTs were added to the polymer matrix and afterwards, this new matrix was reinforced by carbon or glass fiber materials. Finally, the composite layer was joined with metal layers and a hybrid shell prepared. The accuracy of the applied method was validated with the finite element method and experimental tests on carbon/epoxy and glass/epoxy composite cylinders under hydrostatic pressure. The results indicate that the CNTs agglomeration, weight and volume fraction of CNTs and type of fiber materials, have a key role on the critical buckling capacity of multi-phase composite shells.

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19

Yang, Hua, Atsuhiko Yamanaka, and Qing Qing Ni. "Electromagnetic Shielding Properties of Super Fiber-Reinforced Composites." Advanced Materials Research 123-125 (August 2010): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.123-125.65.

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Electromagnetic shielding effect material is needed because electronic devices suffer electromagnetic interference. Otherwise, in many engineering designs such as antenna fairings, sonar cover and stealth aircraft, materials with good electromagnetic penetration are desired. High performance fiber-reinforced composites have high specific strength and mechanical properties, and there is therefore a need to develop an electronics enclosure with optimum shielding by using a combination of particular fiber reinforcements and a polymer matrix. This paper describes the development of high-performance fiber-reinforced composites that use four high strength fibers (super fibers), Dyneema SK60 (an ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber), Zylon HM (poly-p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole fiber), Technora T-241J (aramid fiber) and Torayca T800HB (carbon fiber). These super fibers were fabricated by compression molding and their shielding effectiveness (SE) was tested. The results showed that the newly developed Dyneema fiber, Zylon fiber and Technora fiber composites exhibited low electromagnetic shielding properties of 1.3~2.3 dB at a frequency of 0.5~18 GHz. Furthermore, the Torayca fiber composite has high electromagnetic shielding properties of 10.2~20.7 dB at the same frequency. It is expected that these high-strength composites with optimum SE can be obtained by controlling the electromagnetic shielding properties from hybrid multi-fiber structures.

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20

Taç, Vahidullah, and Ercan Gürses. "Micromechanical modelling of carbon nanotube reinforced composite materials with a functionally graded interphase." Journal of Composite Materials 53, no. 28-30 (June 19, 2019): 4337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998319857126.

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This paper introduces a new method of determining the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube-polymer composites using a multi-inclusion micromechanical model with functionally graded phases. The nanocomposite was divided into four regions of distinct mechanical properties; the carbon nanotube, the interface, the interphase and bulk polymer. The carbon nanotube and the interface were later combined into one effective fiber using a finite element model. The interphase was modelled in a functionally graded manner to reflect the true nature of the portion of the polymer surrounding the carbon nanotube. The three phases of effective fiber, interphase and bulk polymer were then used in the micromechanical model to arrive at the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. An orientation averaging integration was then applied on the results to better reflect macroscopic response of nanocomposites with randomly oriented nanotubes. The results were compared to other numerical and experimental findings in the literature.

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Osiecki, Tomasz, Colin Gerstenberger, Alexander Hackert, Tristan Timmel, and Lothar Kroll. "High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Polymer/Metal-Hybrids for Structural Lightweight Design." Key Engineering Materials 744 (July 2017): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.744.311.

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Growing mechanical, economic and environmental specification lead to multi-material designs. Based on an extensive basic research, more achievements and experiences regarding the manufacturing technologies and mechanical properties of hybrid laminates were achieved in the Institute of Lightweight Structures and Polymer Technology. The present study shows the development, characterization and forming of novel hybrid laminates, made of steel sheets (HC220Y+ZE, t = 0.25 mm) and carbon fiber reinforced polymers (Polyamide 6). The interface-optimization of the hybrid laminates was carried out with two different bonding agents. The results of a three point bending test underline the potential of the innovative material. A hybrid roof crossmember was formed on a hydraulic Tryout-Press successfully.

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22

Joshi, Prahlad, and Shrikant Panigrahi. "Evaluation of Tensile properties of FRP Composite Laminates under Varying Strain Rates and Temperatures." Frattura ed Integrità Strutturale 16, no. 61 (June 19, 2022): 338–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3221/igf-esis.61.23.

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The present investigation deals with the characterization of tensile behavior of various Fiber Reinforced Polymer composites under Thermo-Mechanical loading. Five different types of Uni-Directional (UD) composites of Carbon, Glass, Carbon-Glass hybrid and Metal Laminates of Carbon & Glass were tested for tensile behavior. Tensile tests were performed at strain rates of 10-3, 10-2, & 10-1 s-1 at Room Temperature,250 0C and 450 0C. Stress-strain relations reveal the strain rate and temperature sensitive behavior of composites. Glass, Glass-Carbon, Glass-metal epoxy composites showed higher peak tensile stress under room temperature with varying strain rates as compared to neat carbon epoxy composites. Also, high strain rate tensile properties such as peak stress and peak strain of Glass-Carbon-Epoxy specimens were 26%, and 60% higher than that of the neat carbon epoxy composite. The failure mechanisms of both the composites were analyzed through scanning electron microscopy. The composites mainly failed due to matrix crack within elastic range under room temperature and failed with significant plastic deformation of matrix and fibers under test temperatures 250 0C and 450 0C. Finally, this study reveals that the continuous phase of metal layer embedded between Uni-Directional Glass and Carbon fiber, based composite system can be tailored to act as an energy-absorbing material system under both elastic and plastic stress strain regimes.

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Zhang, Haiyan, Yan Ren, Jiaxin Song, Qi Zhu, and Xuefen Ma. "The wavenumber imaging of fiber waviness in hybrid glass–carbon fiber reinforced polymer composite plates." Journal of Composite Materials 55, no. 30 (October 26, 2021): 4633–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00219983211047692.

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Out-of-plane waviness is one of the most common defects which degenerates the strength, stiffness, and fatigue life of hybrid glass–carbon fiber–reinforced polymer composites (FRPs). An accurate and high-speed non-destructive testing method is highly desired for large composite structures in industries. Ultrasonic phased array is a great candidate for such application. This paper applies the wavenumber algorithm to image the waviness in hybrid FRP plates which are a multi-layered medium. The central frequency of 5 MHZ is chosen in order to maximize the ply resonance. Transducers are migrated virtually to each interface between glass and carbon plies in order to overcome the difficulty of wave propagation analysis in such multi-layered system. The wavenumber algorithm demonstrates a better computational performance compared to that of the traditional total focusing method (TFM) in time domain up to 6 times. The glass ply depth and waviness angle can be more accurately presented with relative errors less than 1.5% and 14.8%, respectively. In addition, the resin-rich defect characterization is also achievable with a maximum error of 14.4%.

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JOSHI, SUNIL C., and WILLIAM TOH. "ELASTIC PROPERTIES OF CNT-ENGINEERED POLYMER COMPOSITES USING MULTI-LEVEL MECHANICS APPROACH." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 03, no. 04 (December 2011): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973711000510.

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There has been increasing attention to utilizing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as nano-fillers in polymers and polymer matrix composite materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics. However, the understanding of how randomly oriented CNTs affect mechanical properties of such CNT-engineered composites is limited. This paper serves to develop an analytical model for determining the elastic properties of CNT-engineered composite materials using a mechanics of materials approach. Analysis of the properties was constructed progressively using material unit cells starting from the nano level, to the micro level, and finally, to the macro level. MATLAB programming platform was used to facilitate simulation of the modeling process. Typical simulation cases of the CNT-engineered composite materials are presented in comparison with published experimental and other data, where appropriate.

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Duleba, Branislav, František Greškovič, Ľudmila Dulebová, and Tomasz Jachowicz. "Possibility of Increasing the Mechanical Strength of Carbon/Epoxy Composites by Addition of Carbon Nanotubes." Materials Science Forum 818 (May 2015): 299–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.818.299.

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The development of nanoparticle reinforced polymer composites is presently seen as one of the most promising approaches in the field of future engineering applications. The unique properties of at least some of these nanoparticles (e.g., CNTs or carbon black) and the possibility of combining them with conventional reinforcements (e.g., carbon-, glass-or aramid-fibers) has led to an intense research in the field of nanocomposites. This study presents mechanical properties of two carbon composites made from bisphenol A epoxy resin (E) and 3 layers of 160 g/m2 carbon cloth with twill (TC) and plain (PC) weave as a reference and three-composite system that consists from carbon fiber reinforced epoxy matrix and 1% of multi-wall carbon nanotubes dispersed in epoxy resin. Used hardener H507 was based on cycloaliphatic polyamine with absence of nonylphenol. Samples were also tempered at 80 oC (for 12hours) for improvement of their thermal resistance.

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26

Ahmadi, M., R. Ansari, and H. Rouhi. "Free Vibration Analysis of Carbon Fiber-Carbon Nanotube-Polymer Matrix Composite Plates by a Finite Element-Based Multi-Scale Modeling Approach." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 09, no. 02 (June 2018): 1850002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973718500026.

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The vibrational behavior of polymer matrix nanocomposite plates reinforced with carbon fibers (CFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is studied using the finite element method based on a multi-scale modeling approach. The influences of nano- and micro-scale are coupled through a two-step procedure. First, CNTs are dispersed into the polymer matrix. In the selected representative volume element (RVE), interphase due to chemical interaction between CNT and polymer matrix is considered. Also, the state of dispersion of CNTs into the matrix is assumed to be random. In the second step, CFs are randomly distributed in the reinforced polymer with CNTs. The reinforcement is carried out for various volume fractions of CFs and CNTs. Two three-dimensional models including the brick and shell ones are used to generate the results. Moreover, the analysis is presented for square plates under different types of boundary conditions. The effect of nanocomposite thickness on its vibrational response is also investigated.

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Kumar, Puneet, and J. Srinivas. "Free vibration, bending and buckling of a FG-CNT reinforced composite beam." Multidiscipline Modeling in Materials and Structures 13, no. 4 (November 13, 2017): 590–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mmms-05-2017-0032.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to perform a numerical analysis on the static and dynamic behaviors of beams made up of functionally graded carbon nanotube (FG-CNT) reinforced polymer and hybrid laminated composite containing the layers of carbon reinforced polymer with CNT. Conventional fibers have higher density as compared to carbon nanotubes (CNTs), thus insertion of FG-CNT reinforced polymer layer in fiber reinforced composite (FRC) structures makes them sustainable candidate for weight critical applications. Design/methodology/approach In this context, stress and strain formulations of a multi-layer composite system is determined with the help of Timoshenko hypothesis and then the principle of virtual work is employed to derive the governing equations of motion. Herein, extended rule of mixture and conventional micromechanics relations are used to evaluate the material properties of carbon nanotube reinforced composite (CNTRC) layer and FRC layer, respectively. A generalized eigenvalue problem is formulated using finite element approach and is solved for single layer FG-CNTRC beam and multi-layer laminated hybrid composite beam by a user-interactive MATLAB code. Findings First, the natural frequencies of FG-CNTRC beam are computed and compared with previously available results as well as with Ritz approximation outcomes. Further, free vibration, bending, and buckling analysis is carried out for FG-CNTRC beam to interpret the effect of different CNT volume fraction, number of walls in nanotube, distribution profiles, boundary conditions, and beam-slenderness ratios. Originality/value A free vibration analysis of hybrid laminated composite beam with two different layer stacking sequence is performed to present the advantages of hybrid laminated beam over the conventional FRC beam.

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Seidi, J., and S. Kamarian. "Free vibrations of non-uniform CNT/fiber/polymer nanocomposite beams." Curved and Layered Structures 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2017): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cls-2017-0003.

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Abstract In this paper, free vibrations of non-uniform multi-scale nanocomposite beams reinforced by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are studied. Mori-Tanaka (MT) technique is employed to estimate the effective mechanical properties of three-phase CNT/fiber/polymer composite (CNTFPC) beam. In order to obtain the natural frequencies of structure, the governing equation is solved by means of Generalized Differential Quadrature (GDQ) approach. The accuracy and efficiency of the applied methods are studied and compared with some experimental data reported in previous published works. The influences of volume fraction and agglomeration of nanotubes, volume fraction of long fibers, and different laminate lay-ups on the natural frequency response of structure are examined.

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Ma, Zhichao, Weizhi Li, Siguo Yang, Bin Huang, Shuai Tong, Chaofan Li, Hongwei Zhao, and Luquan Ren. "Strain rate‐dependent deformation behaviors of multi‐layer carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminates." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 138, no. 36 (April 29, 2021): 50910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.50910.

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Chaudhary, S. K., and K. K. Singh. "Thermal analysis of multi-walled carbon nanotubes doped glass fiber reinforced polymer composites." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1170, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1170/1/012004.

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31

Ning, Haifeng, Hualin Zheng, Xiufen Ma, and Xinman Yuan. "Finite analysis of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer delamination damage during multi-pass milling." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 119, no. 7-8 (January 12, 2022): 4573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-08628-5.

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Shunmugesh, K., and K. Panneerselvam. "Multi-performance Optimization of Drilling Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Using Taguchi: Membership Function." Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals 71, no. 7 (March 13, 2018): 1615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12666-018-1296-x.

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33

Yang, Guangming, Fei Cheng, Shihao Zuo, Jinheng Zhang, Yang Xu, Yunsen Hu, and Xiaozhi Hu. "Growing Carbon Nanotubes In Situ Surrounding Carbon Fiber Surface via Chemical Vapor Deposition to Reinforce Flexural Strength of Carbon Fiber Composites." Polymers 15, no. 10 (May 15, 2023): 2309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15102309.

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This study employed novel joint treatments to strengthen the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites. Vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VACNTs) were prepared in situ on the catalyst-treated CF surface via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, intertwining into three-dimensional fiber-nets and fully surrounding CF to form an integrated structure. The resin pre-coating (RPC) technique was further used to guide diluted epoxy resin (without hardener) to flow into nanoscale and submicron spaces to eliminate void defects at the root of VACNTs. Three-point bending testing results showed the “growing CNTs and RPC”-treated CFRP composites yielded the best flexural strength, a 27.1% improvement over the specimens without treatment, while the failure modes indicated that the original delamination failure was changed into “flexural failure” with through-the-thickness crack propagation. In brief, growing VACNTs and RPC on the CF surface enabled toughening of the epoxy adhesive layer, reducing potential void defects and constructing the integrated quasi-Z-directional fiber bridging at the CF/epoxy interface for stronger CFRP composites. Therefore, the joint treatments of growing VACNTs in situ via the CVD method and RPC technique are very effective and have great potential in manufacturing high-strength CFRP composites for aerospace applications.

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Ryatt, Jeremy, and Mamidala Ramulu. "Numerical Comparison of the Elastic Response of Stochastic Tow-Based Composites with Different Chip Consolidation Methods." Key Engineering Materials 920 (May 16, 2022): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-w08maq.

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Stochastic tow based discontinuous composites (STBDC) are fabricated from the compression molding of chips made from chopped and slit pre-impregnated uni-directional carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) tape. The discontinuous mesostructure gives the material system increased moldability versus continuous fiber composites allowing complex three-dimensional parts to be manufactured. However, the discontinuous mesostructure creates challenges for engineers designing parts as the effective properties are variable. Furthermore, the properties have been shown to be a function of the consolidation method of the chips. This study uses finite element analysis simulations of mesostructural representative volume elements to compare the elastic response and characteristics. The results are compared to the available literature regarding the elastic response STBDCs.

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35

Konada, N. K., and K. N. S. Suman. "Damping Behaviour of Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Grafting on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Friction Material." Journal of the Society of Automotive Engineers Malaysia 2, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.56381/jsaem.v2i2.88.

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An automobile's braking system plays an important role to control the vehicle at various operating speeds. At present, the brake friction industry is mainly focused on effectiveness of braking in addition to aesthetic considerations of an automobile. In this research, carbon fiber reinforced friction material is developed by grafting multi-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized (MWCNTS-F) on CF surface. The surface of CF is basically chemically inert and hydrophobic in nature and needs to be modified by grafting MWCNTS-F on its surface to increase hydroxyl or carboxyl groups. An attempt is made to improve the bonding strength between CF, polymer matrix and the remaining ingredients. Carbon fiber content after surface modification is varied in weight percentor wt% (2%, 3%, 4% and 5%) and mixed with the remaining ingredients of friction material. Composite sheets are prepared using hand lay-up method and characterized for damping, SEM, TGA and FTIR analysis. It is observed that MWCNTS-F grafted on CF 3 wt% possess good damping results. The results also reveal that, optimum selection of ingredients and surface treatment method on CF is the main reason for improvement of the composite’s interfacial adhesion and damping behavior.

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Hervin, Flora, and Paul Fromme. "Guided wave propagation and skew effects in anisotropic carbon fiber reinforced laminates." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 153, no. 4 (April 2023): 2049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0017784.

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Guided ultrasonic waves provide a promising structural health monitoring (SHM) solution for composite structures as they are able to propagate relatively long distances with low attenuation. However, the material anisotropy results in directionally dependent phase and group velocities, in addition to energy focusing, wave skewing, and beam spreading phenomena. These effects could lead to inaccurate damage localization if not accounted for. In this contribution, the guided wave propagation behavior (A0 mode) for a highly anisotropic, unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced polymer laminate is systematically investigated through both finite element analysis and non-contact laser measurements and compared to theoretical predictions. The directional dependency of phase and group velocity measured for a point and line source shows good agreement with theoretical predictions, once a correction for wave skew effects is applied. Wave skew angles were evaluated from the experimental and numerical wave propagation in multiple directions and matched theoretical predictions based on the phase slowness curve. Significant guided wave beam spreading from a line source was observed and quantified from both experiments and simulations and compared with theoretical predictions using the anisotropy factor. The impact of anisotropic guided wave propagation behavior on SHM is discussed.

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37

Markad, Kanif, and Achchhe Lal. "Experimental investigation of shape memory polymer hybrid nanocomposites modified by carbon fiber reinforced multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)." Materials Research Express 8, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 105015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ac2fcc.

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Abstract This paper presents the effect of the variations of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) modification in shape memory polymer hybrid composites concerning their mechanical, thermomechanical, and shape memory characterizations. The process of fabrication includes preparation of the MWCNT/epoxy hybrid nanocomposites by shear mixing, ultrasonication, magnetic stirring, and subsequent molding by hand layup method. The appropriate post-processing was performed for the curing and cutting to prepare the samples for the mechanical and thermomechanical characterizations as per the ASTM standards. An enhancement in the thermomechanical properties was noticed due to the incorporation of the MWCNT. These observations were also validated with improvement in the interfacial bonding between the carbon fiber and the modified matrix, as shown in the morphological fractography. The tensile strengths were improved by 18%, 39%, and 26% with the incorporation of 0.4%, 0.6%, and 0.8% modified MWCNT nanocomposites as compared to pure unmodified SMPC. However, the shape recovery of all the configurations of the shape memory polymer hybrid composites was not compromised on polymer-modified remaining almost unchanged at 94%.

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38

LI, Yulong; ;., Vasiliy N. DOBRYANSKIY, and Alexander A. OREKHOV. "MODELLING OF CRACK DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES IN COMPOSITE ELEMENTS BASED ON VIRTUAL CRACK CLOSURE TECHNIQUE AND COHESIVE ZONE MODEL." Periódico Tchê Química 17, no. 35 (July 20, 2020): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v17.n35.2020.50_li_pgs_591_599.pdf.

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Fiber composites based on polymer matrices are promising structural materials that meet high requirements for strength, reliability, durability, and hardness. Therefore, composite materials are widely used as structural materials for aerospace products. The problems associated with the destruction of fiber composites were relevant at all stages of technology development. A variety of reinforcing fibers and polymer binders, as well as reinforcement schemes, allow directional control of strength, stiffness, level of working temperatures and other properties of polymer composite materials. This article discusses a methodology for experimental determination of the mechanical properties of carbon-based fiber-reinforced polymer composite materials, including the determination of the interlayer fracture toughness under loading under separation conditions using the doublecantilever beam method (DCB) and the fracture toughness under transverse shear conditions using the ENF (End-Notched Flexure) method and interlayer strength. The test results of samples of polymer composite materials with a carbon reinforcing filler with different surface densities are presented. The experimental data were used to identify the parameters of the VCCT (Virtual Crack Closure Technique) and CZM (Cohesive Zone Model) closure models used to describe the development of cracks in the composites under consideration. It was found that the parameters determining the strength of layered composites are such characteristics as interlayer strength and crack resistance. It was found that the decrease in the strength of individual layers of the composite does not always affect the current stress state of the entire structure, which is often difficult to detect experimentally, but can significantly affect the further behavior of the object under study provided that the crack develops further.

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Natraj, K., S. Elavenil, and S. Ragavendra. "Analysis and Design of Multi-Story Building Rettrofitted with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1125, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1125/1/012021.

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Abstract The paper reports the analytical investigation in Multi-storey building located in seismic zone III. This zone is considered as moderate-damage risk zone as per Indian Codal provision and thirty percent of India falls in this category. To improve the seismic performance, externally bonded FRP strengthening techniques are adopted to deficient beam and columns, in this paper, the analysis of building is carried out with and without lateral resisting system (Shear wall) and retrofitting is done by wrapping the deficient beams and column using Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP sheet) to evaluate the performance of upgraded structural element.

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Raja, Vijayanandh, Raj Kumar Gnanasekaran, Abdul Razak Kaladgi, Parvathy Rajendran, Sher Afghan Khan, and Mohammad Asif. "Multi-Disciplinary Computational Investigations on Asymmetrical Failure Factors of Disc Brakes for Various CFRP Materials: A Validated Approach." Symmetry 14, no. 8 (August 5, 2022): 1616. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081616.

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Finite element analyses (FEA) are flexible and advanced approaches, which are utilized to address difficult problems of aerospace materials that exhibit both structural symmetrical and structural asymmetrical characteristics. Frictional behavior effects are used as a crucial element in this multidisciplinary study, and other structural, thermal properties are computed using FEA. Primary lightweight materials such as glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP), carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), kevlar fiber reinforced polymer (KFRP), titanium alloy, tungsten carbide, steel alloys, and advanced lightweight materials, such as silicon carbide (SiC) mixer, based on aforesaid materials underwent comprehensive investigations on aircraft disc brake, two-wheeler disc brake, and ASTM general rotating test specimen (G-99). Standard boundary conditions, computational sensitivity tests, and theoretical validations were conducted because the working nature of FEA may impair output dependability. First, FEA calculations were performed on a standard rotating disc component with two separate material families at various rotational velocities such as 400 RPM, 500 RPM, 600 RPM, 800 RPM, and 10 N of external frictional force. Via tribological experiments, frictional force and deformation of FEA outcomes were validated; the experimental outcomes serve as important boundary conditions for real-time simulations. Second, verified FEA was extended to complicated real-time applications such as aircraft disc brakes and automobile disc brakes. This work confirms that composite materials possess superior properties to conventional alloys for aircraft and vehicle disc brakes.

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Yang, Yong Xin, Yan Hong Zhang, Qing Rui Yue, Biao Li, and Peng Fei Chen. "The Multi-Factor Durability Evaluation Model of the FRP Applied to the Structure Based on Environmental Differences." Applied Mechanics and Materials 713-715 (January 2015): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.713-715.251.

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Based on the existing fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) durability research, considering the difference different regions, a multi-factor durability evaluation model for structural reinforcement FRP has been established. Firstly, combined with the result of rapid aging experiments, a benchmark aging model of a single factor is built. Secondly, classifying the various factors according to different geographical environments, and taking the difference between various environmental factors and test conditions into count, the benchmark aging model is revised. Thirdly, it is to make sure the main environmental factors, determine the effect weight of various factors in different areas and a coupling aging model is established through the coupled superposed. Finally, the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) coupling aging model is obtained and compared with actual environmental in A area as an example to validate the model. The result that it can ascertain both trends are consistent and be used to guide durable design.

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42

Hu, Wenlong, Zijie Sun, Lulu Yang, Shuzheng Zhang, Fangxin Wang, Bin Yang, and Yu Cang. "Structural Health Monitoring of Repairs in Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites by MWCNT-Based Multiscale Sensors." Energies 15, no. 22 (November 8, 2022): 8348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15228348.

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The precision maintenance of delaminated carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites calls for the high demand of continuous, in situ monitoring of the damage-repair process along with the in-service status of the repaired region. Moreover, the repaired region faces a high risk of re-damage; therefore, in-service monitoring is highly desired. However, the current repair process lacks the in situ monitoring function, leading to the mechanism and evaluation of the repair approach being unclear. Here, we implanted multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) at the interface between the carbon fiber and resin matrix of the damaged region to achieve in situ monitoring of the repair, compression, and seawater-immersion processes. By depositing both the coupling agent and MWCNTs at the interfaces, a high recovery efficiency of 85% was achieved, which was independent of the delamination pattern shapes. The electric resistance changes of MWCNT-modified panels could effectively identify the resin permeation and solidification processes and could be used to in situ monitor the structural health of the repair region when it is subjected to the compression and seawater immersion tests. This strategy, combining high-efficient repair and precision maintenance, demonstrates potential in the structural applications of carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composites.

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Sobuz, Habibur Rahman, and Ehsan Ahmed. "Flexural Performance of RC Beams Strengthened with Different Reinforcement Ratios of CFRP Laminates." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.79.

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In this paper, experimental study is carried out to evaluate the flexural performance of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different ratios of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates. Four rectangular reinforced concrete beams strengthened with different reinforcement ratios of CFRP laminates are tested to failure under transverse bending on a simply supported span of 1.9 m. The increase of ultimate strength provided by the bonded carbon fiber is assessed and failure mode is identified. The results indicated that the flexural capacity of beam was significantly improved as the layers of laminates increased. It is concluded that the attachment of CFRP laminates has substantial influence on the performance of CFRP strengthened beams. However, de-bonding of CFRP laminates from the concrete surface is still a concern for the case of multi-layer strengthening of beam. Based on the observed results, recommendations are made to prevent the premature de-bonding failure of strengthened beams.

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Yeh, Meng Kao, and Chia Min Lin. "Bending Strength of Sandwich Beams with Nanocomposites Core." Advanced Materials Research 79-82 (August 2009): 577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.577.

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Composite materials, having advantages of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, are used in many applications, such as musical instrument, acoustical tile, fire wall, sports equipment, aerospace and vehicle industries. Composite products in the form of sandwich structures are specifically useful in recent years. In this paper, the bending strength of sandwich structure made by graphite/epoxy face laminates and core material made by multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) reinforced polymer was investigated experimentally. In experiment, the three-point bending test was performed to measure the bending properties of sandwich beams. The influences of fiber orientation in the face laminates and MWNTs content in polymer reinforced nanocomposite core material on the bending strength of sandwich beams were discussed in this paper. The failure mechanism of sandwich beams with various fiber orientations in the face laminates was also discussed.

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45

Han, Shu, You Hong Gong, Ni Hong Yang, and Sheng Chao Han. "An Experimental Study on the Cutting Tool Performance during Milling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.179.

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Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) is widely used in aerospace field as an advanced composite material. Recently, more and more studies are focused on milling of CFRP with its increasing applications. In this paper, three different milling tools were chosen, and a systematic analysis on cutting force, surface quality and tool wear has been carried out to evaluate the tools. Experimental results indicate that the multi-flute tool with diamond coating has a better performance than the double spiral compression tool and the multi-tooth tool with AlTiN coating, with a lower cutting force, a better surface quality and a higher tool life than others, which would be a better tool for cutting of CFRP.

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46

Hassanzadeh-Aghdam, Mohammad-Kazem, R. Ansari, and Abolfazl Darvizeh. "Multi-stage micromechanical modeling of effective elastic properties of carbon fiber/carbon nanotube-reinforced polymer hybrid composites." Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 26, no. 24 (May 21, 2018): 2047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2018.1472336.

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Nisha, M. S., Dalbir Singh, J. Freesta Shiny, and B. Sasirekha. "Design and Manufacture of Nanofibers Using Electrospinning Technique for Aerospace Application." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.72.

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In this study, Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) ultrafine fibers was fabricated by electro spinning equipment using rotating collector drum with different weight percentage of multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The fabricated PVDF-MWCNT fiber has embedded to a glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) for structural health monitoring of composite structures. GFRP is non-conductive material. However, by adding (or) embedding conductive PVDF-MWCNT nanocomposites, measuring its relative electrical resistance can be achieved. This study assesses the use of piezo resistive effect and conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNT) for in-suit measurement of electrical resistance measurements and strain measurement of carbon fiber are correlated for sensing and damage monitoring purpose. The PVDF-MWCNT fiber and PVA-MWCNT fiber embedded in GFRP were evaluated and compared. Its first time PVDF-MWCNT fiber is used in composite material for sensing the damages; hence embedded sensor will downgrade the fatigue life of the composite structures usually, but in this investigation PVDF-MWCNT focus on not to downgrade the material’s mechanical properties. The manufactured specimens were subjected to various incremental loading and unloading tensile test. During mechanical loading and unloading processes the corresponding electrical resistance was monitored simultaneously, to assess the damage level in the structure.

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Choi, Joeun, Hyungtak Lee, Hyungyil Lee, and Naksoo Kim. "A Methodology to Predict the Fatigue Life under Multi-Axial Loading of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites Considering Anisotropic Mechanical Behavior." Materials 16, no. 5 (February 27, 2023): 1952. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16051952.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (CFRP) have been actively employed as lightweight materials; yet, evaluating the material’s reliability under multi-axis stress states is still challenging owing to their anisotropic nature. This paper investigates the fatigue failures of short carbon-fiber reinforced polyamide-6 (PA6-CF) and polypropylene (PP-CF) by analyzing the anisotropic behavior induced by the fiber orientation. The static and fatigue experiment and numerical analysis results of a one-way coupled injection molding structure have been obtained to develop the fatigue life prediction methodology. The maximum deviation between the experimental and calculated tensile results is 3.16%, indicating the accuracy of the numerical analysis model. The obtained data were utilized to develop the semi-empirical model based on the energy function, consisting of stress, strain, and triaxiality terms. Fiber breakage and matrix cracking occurred simultaneously during the fatigue fracture of PA6-CF. The PP-CF fiber was pulled out after matrix cracking due to weak interfacial bonding between the matrix and fiber. The reliability of the proposed model has been confirmed with high correlation coefficients of 98.1% and 97.9% for PA6-CF and PP-CF, respectively. In addition, the prediction percentage errors of the verification set for each material were 38.6% and 14.5%, respectively. Although the results of the verification specimen collected directly from the cross-member were included, the percentage error of PA6-CF was still relatively low at 38.6%. In conclusion, the developed model can predict the fatigue life of CFRPs, considering anisotropy and multi-axial stress states.

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Li, Yaoyao, Guangyu He, Hongliang Liu, and Mingwei Wang. "Investigation of Heat Accumulation in Femtosecond Laser Drilling of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer." Micromachines 14, no. 5 (April 23, 2023): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14050913.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) has indispensable applications in the aerospace field because of its light weight, corrosion resistance, high specific modulus and high specific strength, but its anisotropy brings great difficulties to precision machining. Delamination and fuzzing, especially the heat-affected zone (HAZ), are the difficulties that traditional processing methods cannot overcome. In this paper, single-pulse and multi-pulse cumulative ablation experiments and drilling of CFRP have been carried out using the characteristics of a femtosecond laser pulse, which can realize precision cold machining. The results show that the ablation threshold is 0.84 J/cm2 and the pulse accumulation factor is 0.8855. On this basis, the effects of laser power, scanning speed and scanning mode on the heat-affected zone and drilling taper are further studied, and the underlying mechanism of drilling is analyzed. By optimizing the experimental parameters, we obtained the HAZ < 10 μm, a cylindrical hole with roundness > 0.95 and taper < 5°. The research results confirm that ultrafast laser processing is a feasible and promising method for CFRP precision machining.

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Goulis, Panagiotis, Ioannis A. Kartsonakis, Konstantinos Mpalias, and Costas Charitidis. "Combined effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes and lignin on polymer fiber-reinforced epoxy composites." Materials Chemistry and Physics 218 (October 2018): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2018.07.025.

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