Дисертації з теми "Multi-détecteurs"
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Okassa, M'Foubat Anicet. "Détecteurs multi-utilisateurs pour télécommunications optiques." Valenciennes, 2008. http://ged.univ-valenciennes.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/9bcf18df-a028-4013-952a-db152dc31bdc.
Повний текст джерелаThe optical fiber appears to be the only medium able to convey informations at rates exceeding 1Gb/s, owing to its large bandwidth. The DECT-GPRS and UWB radio technologies allow to transmit data streams in packet mode at high rates. Using an optical infrastructure to link the different access points (radio on fiber) leads to cost reductions in the high data rate networks deployment in the office environment. Our concern, in this thesis report, is with code division multiple access (CDMA). The aim of our work is to design a, performance enhanced and reduced complexity, multi-user receiver structure, based on the parallel cancellation of interferences, our solution is to introduce an interference weighting factor and/or an amplification factor for the detected user signal. A complete theoretical study, supported by simulations, is presented and the optical elements imperfections are taken into account, without omitting a comparison with classical pre-existing systems. Moreover, in order to ascertain the sharing of intelligent components of the DPRS interface to the optical network and dynamic resource supervision, an algorithm is presented for identification of the modulation types authorized by the ETSI standard, several possible solutions are depicted and a novel modulation detector is described, theoretically analyzed, optimized using simulations (thresholds, comparison with alternative solutions)
Habib, Amr. "Détecteurs radiologiques grande surface, multi-énergie." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT055.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of the thesis is to propose a solution for a 2D integrated circuit X-ray imager working, either in spectrometric mode where each X photon energy is measured, or in charge integration mode where the total energy deposited by X-ray during an image is measured, the solution being compatible with large area detectors typically of 20 cm x 20 cm. A proof of concept prototype ASIC 'Sphinx' was designed and fabricated in CMOS 0.13 µm technology; the ASIC being formed of a matrix of 20 x 20 pixels with a 200 µm pixel pitch. The designed architecture allows the quantification of the incoming charge through the use of counter-charge packets as low as 100 electrons. The injected packets are counted for each X photon (in the spectrometric photon counting mode), or for all charges integrated during the image period (in charge integration mode). First characterization measurements prove the validity of the concept with good performance in terms of power consumption, noise, and linearity. A first part of the ASIC is dedicated to X-ray direct detection where a semiconductor, e.g. CdZnTe, hybridized to the ASIC's pixels converts X-photons to electrical charge. Another part of the ASIC is dedicated indirect X-ray detection where a scintillator, e.g. CsI:Tl, is used to convert X-photons to visible photons which are then detected by in-pixel photodiodes. For the latter mode, new forms of photodiodes characterized by fast detection and low capacity were designed, simulated, and fabricated in CMOS 0.13 µm technology on a different ASIC. Finally, the thesis concludes with proposing performance enhancing ideas to be potentially implemented in a future prototype
Touzri, Makram. "Étude d'implantation de détecteurs multi-utilisateurs CDMA : application à l'UMTS." Brest, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BRES2001.
Повний текст джерелаSims data transmission in CDMA systems depends on multiple access interference which considerably degrades the performance, the optimization of detection is required. Previous studies highlight the advantage of the multi-user detection which considers the observation of all users during detection. Originally for reasons of complexity, the receivers operate on detection and decoding in a separate way. However, the complexity of optimal detectors is very high. It became interested on considering techniques of joint detection and decoding which can have advantageous performances with suitable implementation complexity. Based on some preliminary studies, we consider two configurations for our implementation study, one is achieved by using a successive interference cancellation (SIC) detector followed by turbo decoder and the other is a joint detection and decoding which integrates a turbo decoder inside the interference cancellation unit of the SIC detector. Firstly, we estimated the effect of the data quantization in comparison with the theoretical results in the preliminary studies. This allowed us to choose the adequate quantization bits for our implementation, in which the UMTS uplink model is considered. In the second step, we modelled the basic elements of the SIC detector by using VHDL. Then, according to modelling, temporal analyses and surface complexity, we chose appropriate architectures for each configuration under the constraints of UMTS uplink. This study enabled us to conclude that implementation of the joint detection and decoding configuration is well suitable for the application
Pépin, Catherine Michelle. "Évaluation de détecteurs multi-cristaux pour la tomographie d'émission de positrons (TEP) à haute résolution spatiale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2002. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/3291.
Повний текст джерелаPepin, Michèle Catherine. "Développement et évaluation de détecteurs multi-cristaux à base de photodiodes avalanches pour scanner bimodal TEP/TDM." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2007. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4254.
Повний текст джерелаIsrabian, Claude. "Détecteurs infrarouge quantiques multi-éléments : analyse de limitations intrinsèques et mise en oeuvre de techniques contribuant à un fonctionnement optimal." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX30070.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Canditiis Bartolomeo. "3D characterization of multi-segmented HPGe detectors : simulation and validation of the PSCS technique and its application for different energies with a 152 Eu source." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE008.
Повний текст джерелаNew generation gamma-ray detectors arrays, such as AGATA, employ multi-segmented high purity germanium detectors in experiments of nuclear physics that require high resolution and efficiency which are obtained thanks to the application of pulse-shape analysis and gamma-ray tracking. These techniques require full volume characterization of the position sensitive detectors. The IPHC developed a scanning table that uses the Pulse Shape Comparison Scan (PSCS) technique to perform this task. Simulations are performed to quantify the accuracy of the PSCS and to validate it.They are applied on a pixelated 3x3 planar detector and a symmetrical S-type AGATA detector. The method is tested with different gamma-ray energies and input statistics. Several real scans are performed as well on both detectors, which are fully characterized. In particular a scan with agamma-ray source of 152Eu, the first ever done, prove some assumptions on which the tracking technique is based
Ziou, Djemel. "La détection des contours dans des images à niveaux de gris : mise en oeuvre et sélection de détecteurs." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00812973.
Повний текст джерелаMas, Adrien. "Etude et développement de caméras infrarouge multispectrales à acquisition simultanée pour la détection de gaz." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP001.
Повний текст джерелаThe accidental emission of gas in an industrial platform or the use of chemical weapons can have dramatic consequences. Bertin Technology commercialize an infrared multispectral camera using an array of uncooled detectors and called Second Sight allowing the detection of numerous gas. However, the temporal acquisition of spectral images is a limitation for a use on mobile platforms (vehicles, drones...). Therefore, the purpose of my PhD was to study several concepts of snapshot multispectral cameras using a single array of uncooled detectors. I worked on two concepts of optical architectures: a kaleidoscope-based design and a multichannel design inspired by the TOMBO architecture. The kaleidoscope-based camera can use optimally the focal plane array while having an important aperture and a great range of Fields of View. However, it has an important footprint and the implementation of the multispectral function is not obvious. By comparing, the multichannel architecture can be very compact and easily adaptable for multispectral applications but a compromise between its aperture and its Field Of View is necessary. Following these studies, the TOMBO multichannel design was chosen as the successor of the Second Sight and I could make a first demonstrator. Finally, a radiometric model was developed to compare the different cameras and I showed that the TOMBO camera could have better performances than the Second Sight thanks to its snapshot feature
Rodesch, Pierre-Antoine. "Méthodes statistiques de reconstruction tomographique spectrale pour des systèmes à détection spectrométrique de rayons X." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAM093/document.
Повний текст джерелаX-ray spectral tomography is a 3D visualization technique. It is based on the transmission of X-rays through object matter. It is a non-destructive technology but which irradiates the studied object/patient. X-ray tomography is mainly used in three areas: medical diagnosis, non-destructive testing (detection of defects in industry devices) and airport security (luggage screening). New technological breakthroughs in X-ray photon-counting detectors provide new perspective for improving this technique in each application field. We have developed a new reconstruction method named MLTR-ONE-STEP which enables the obtention of energetic variability of the scanned object linear attenuation coefficient. This approach belongs to the “One-Step” class because it directly reconstructs the final images from raw photon-counting detector data.Physical effects inside the detector are causing spectral distortion of the energetic spectrum. This distortion is taken into account in our reconstruction through a Detector Response Matrix. The developed reconstruction method maximizes the poissonian likelihood of the measurements with a spatial regularization Tukey term. The objectives of spectral tomography are the improvement of the image quality compared to standard tomography and the quantification of materials inside the object. We have studied the influence of regularization parameters on the final result. In practice, photon-counting detector measurements are in practice sorted in 64 energy bins. Bins are then merged in a smaller number (from 2 to 25). The influence of this binning was studied on simulated data. The MLTR-ONE-STEP was then tested on real experimental data in order to prove the feasibility of such a “One-Step” reconstruction method
Kamouni, Belghiti Dounia. "Réseaux d'électrodes en diamant fonctionnalisées par des nanoparticules à base de métaux de transition pour applications analytiques." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066055/document.
Повний текст джерелаBoron-doped polycrystalline diamond electrodes (BDD) exhibit a number of advantages, including a wide potential window above 3V in aqueous media, a low background current, and excellent resilience to corrosion and fouling. These properties make it a very interesting material for the development of chemical sensors. In order to enhance the reactivity of the BDD electrodes towards a wider range of chemical compounds, we have studied the possibility to deposit on the electrode surface nanoparticles based on transition metals such as platinum or iridium. These nanoparticles exhibit an interesting electro-catalytic activity and open the way to the detection of products derived from enzymatic reactions, pesticides or many other electrochemically non-active species. The aim of this thesis work has been to propose a new method for the deposition of metallic nanoparticles on the diamond surface and to characterize them from a structural and electrochemical point of view. The objective is to develop a multi-sensor detection system composed of several BDD electrodes each functionalized using a different metal catalyst in the form of nanoparticles. The detection system thus enables to obtain a characteristic chemical fingerprint of the product to detect. By assembling several of such sensors, and coupling them with algorithmic learning / recognition methods, the system provides an improved selectivity, in a similar way to an “electronic tongue”. This was applied to several case studies, including the detection of hydrogen peroxide, scatol, indole, paraoxon and imidaclopride
Teyssier, Cécile. "Spectrométrie de masse COINTOF : Conception et d'un analyseur à temps de vol et développement de la méthode d'analyse." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00744850.
Повний текст джерелаBeldjoudi, Guillaume Nordine. "Approche multi-énergies associée à un détecteur spectrométrique rayons X pour l’identification de matériaux." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAL0082/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of X-ray photon counting detectors based on semiconductors has grown up over the last ten years, and applications in medicine, in security and in nondestructive testing are under study. These detectors make it possible to perform measurements at multiple energies in a single acquisition, with an excellent energetic separation. Since the years 2008-2009, it seems that a real race started for the development of detectors performing multi-energetic measurements on an increasing number of energy bands. However, today, within the works already done, the interest of performing measurements on a large number of energies has not been demonstrated for material identification. As part of a study in homeland security, we assessed the interest of using Xray counting detectors that perform measurements on multiple energy bands. The considered field of interest is material identification in the luggage of travelers. We first developed an original method for identifying single materials. This method is applicable to any type of multi-energy detector. In a first time, we studied in simulation the evolution of the performance for identifying materials with the increasing number of energy bands. An optimization process was carried out to determine, for certain configurations, an optimal geometry of the energy bands.In a second step, the consequences of taking into account the detector response function were quantified by simulating different sensors effects (charge sharing, energy resolution). An experimental validation has been performed by using a counting spectrometric detector. From the measurements experimentally obtained with such a detector, combining the data allowed us to evaluate the identification performance that would have detectors possessing a different number of energy bands. Finally, we conducted a preliminary study on the transposition of the identification method initially developed for radiography to the multi-energy computed tomography. This imaging modality allows to identify superimposed materials
Traini, Alessandro. "Antenna-Coupled LEKIDs for Multi-Band CMB Polarization Sensitive Pixel." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC205/document.
Повний текст джерелаNext generation telescopes for observing the Cosmic Microwave Background are demanding in terms of number of detectors and focal plane area filling efficiency. Moreover, foreground reduction in B-Mode polarimetry requires sky observation with multiple frequency bands. In this context KIDs are promising technology because of their large multiplexing rate, while antenna coupling can provide multi-band and dual-polarization solutions in compact design. The proposed polarization sensitive antenna-coupled LEKID is operating at 140 GHz and 160 GHz with a bandwidth of almost 10% for each sub-band. The design involves a microstrip excited slot antenna and two open-stub band-pass filters to direct the signal toward two resonators. These are lumped elements capacitively coupled to the antenna and include an Aluminium strip as absorber. The architecture proposed is particularly simple to fabricate, via-less and only involves two metallization levels. The transition doesn't require any dielectric deposition above the resonator, thus preventing limitations from any source of noise due to non-monocrystalline substrate (TLS). Furthermore, the same coupling technique can be applied to many types of microstrip excited antennas, which allow to accommodate band-pass filters
Miao, Wei. "Investigation of hot electron bolometer mixers for submillimeter multi-pixel receiver applications." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066077.
Повний текст джерелаPham, Thanh Hung. "Electronique intégrée pour des détecteurs à micro-pistes de silicium." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066098.
Повний текст джерелаGuerard, Bruno. "Étude et développement d'un détecteur de vertex pour les collisionneurs multi-TeV : le tube à dérive multifils." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112165.
Повний текст джерелаGinsz, Michaël. "Characterization of high-purity, multi-segmented germanium detectors." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAE047/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecent developments of electrical segmentation of HPGe detectors, coupled with digital electronics have led to promising applications such as γ-ray tracking, γ-ray imaging or low-background measurements which will benefit from a fine knowledge of the detector response. The IPHC has developed a new scanning table which uses a collimated γ-ray beam to investigate the detector response as a function of the location of the γ-ray interaction. It is designed to use the Pulse Shape Comparison Scan technique, which has been simulated in order to prove its efficiency. An AGATA detector has been thoroughly scanned. 2D classical scans brought out, for example, local charge collection modification effects such as charge sharing, due to the segmentation. For the first time, a 3D, complete pulse-shape database has been established. It will especially allow to improve the overall AGATA array performances
Chalabi, Habib. "Conception et réalisation d'une plate-forme multi-capteur de gaz conductimétrique…Vers le nez électronique intégré." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30064.
Повний текст джерелаSemiconducting oxide gas sensors often bases on structures unstable over time and presents always low gas selectivity. Thus this work describes the development of new generation gas microsensors. The different elements of the device have been studied and improved. In particular, a new micro-hotplate with platinum resistance could be achieved by using a numerical approach based on the finite element method. Good control of technological processes has enabled the development of a multi-sensors technology involving four cells on one chip. A WO3 sensitive layer was able to be integrated into this system and electrical and thermographic characterizations of devices have been enabled to validate functioning and good stability of structures. Preliminary tests in controlled gaseous atmosphere have provided good overall performances in term of sensibility and selectivity. This work is encouraging first stage for electronic nose realisation
Bouchet, Aurélie. "Synthèse et propriétés d'une nouvelle famille de dérivés pyrrole-ferrocène hydrophiles : élaboration d'une biopuce de multi-détection sans marquage par des voies électrochimiques." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10268.
Повний текст джерелаNew electrochemical biosensors for the detection of nucleic acids and antibodies are described in this work. Water-soluble pyrrole-ferrocene monomers were synthesized and efficiently co-electropolymerized with pyrrole monomers bearing either nucleic acids or peptides. Electrochemical studies were carried out onto innovative miniaturized graphite microelectrode arrays in aqueous solution. The multi-electrode device allowed to develop a multi-detection assay by the use of our strategy. The obtained polymers showed good electrochemical properties. When investigated as potential new DNA sensor, our system specifically correlated hybridization with concomitant strong decrease in ferrocene oxidation peak intensity. A low detection threshold of 100 pM DNA targets in 30 µL of sample was reached. Preliminary studies allowed us to detect specific peptide-antibody interactions using the same methodology
Ahmadou, Mohamed Diaa. "Contribution au développement d'un dispositif robuste de détection-diffusion d'huiles essentielles à concentration contrôlée." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0187/document.
Повний текст джерелаControlThis work contributes to the design of a gas diffusion-sensing system controlling in real time the essential oil concentration in a confined atmosphere. The objective is to create reproducible exposure conditions of olfactory stimuli on living beings to test their neurosensory impacts. The main constraint is to measure with good accuracy and rapidity the odor concentration of a global atmosphere. We decided to use a gaseous detection device (electronic nose) based on commercial resistive metal oxide sensors coupled to a prior learning at fixed concentrations of pine essential oil. Experimental equipment was first developed in order to study, characterize and especially optimize the device performances to be achieved. Initially, the study of time gas sensor responses was used to optimize working measurement conditions: cycle of 75s gas exposure phase, followed by 350s pure air regeneration phase. First results allowed the classification of our sensors in terms of rapidity, sensitivity and drift levels. A systematic characterization measurement was made under various concentration variations: increasing, decreasing or random ones taking account of all possible forms of response drifts. To reduce errors due to the drifts, an original pretreatment was initiated by normalizing each sensor response value in relation with its corresponding conductance value at the end of regeneration phase. Two normalized features and also the maximum value of the derivative curve were defined for each time sensor response. The analysis by ACP and AFD classification methods of the database created using these three features show the difficulty in differentiating high concentrations, even by eliminating the two least efficient sensors. So, a completely new approach was proposed by combining the orthogonal signal correction technique (OSC) allowing to remove irrelevant information, and the Partial Linear Square regression method PLS, adapted in case of multi-collinearity and a large number of parameters. Using these two methods yields a much better discrimination of the high concentrations, maintaining the concentration prediction accuracy with a maximum stability of the regression model. Finally, the concentration prediction has been optimized by substituting representative parameters with the full response signal, the calculation time remaining low. A very good assessment of the gas concentration in all the used range was obtained. So we have developed a robust and accurate model for the calibration of our system thanks to a combination of original processing and analysis methods, allowing to achieve a reliable detection-diffusion prototype
Derkx, Xavier. "Étude de la fission d'actinides produits par réactions de transfert multi-nucléon en cinématique inverse." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2039.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of actinide fission encounters two major issues. On one hand, measurements of the fission fragment distributions and the fission probabilities allow a better understanding of the fission process itself and the discrimination among the models of nuclear structure and dynamics. On the other hand, new measurements are required to improve nuclear data bases, which are a key component for the design of new generation reactors and radio-toxic waste incinerators. This thesis is in line with different French and American experimental projects using the surrogate method, i. E. Transfer reactions leading to the same compound nuclei as in neutron irradiation, allowing the study of fission of actinides which are inaccessible by conventional techniques, whereas they are important for applications. The experiment is based on multi-nucleon transfer reactions between a 238U beam and a 12C target, using the inverse kinematics technique to measure, for each transfer channel, the complete isotopic distributions of the fission fragments with the VAMOS spectrometer. Work presented in this dissertation is focused on the identification of the transfer channels and their properties, as their angular distributions and the distributions of the associated excitation energy, using the SPIDER telescope to identify the target recoil nuclei. This work of an exploratory nature aims to generalize the surrogate method to heavy transfers and to measure, for the first time, the fission probabilities in inverse kinematics. The obtained results are compared with available direct kinematics and neutron irradiation measurements
Chamassi, Kaim. "Détecteur de gaz multi-espèces par mesure photo-acoustique à effet capacitif." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS065.
Повний текст джерелаThe need of a sensitive, selective, stable and compact gas sensor is increasing due to public and military issues. Photoacoustic detection variant of tunable diode laser spectroscopy is a promosing solution. Current devices available on the market and developing are still cumbersome and unsuitable for being transported by a person. The goal of this thesis is to study and develop silicon capacitive micro-resonator in order to achieve a gas sensor based on photoacoustic spectroscpy. This original approach has never been proposed. It offers new perspectives and a solution to have very compact, sensitive, selective and stable gas sensor. First, theoretical study of capacitive micro resonators is done in order to set up modeling tools and determine the key optimization parameters. The performances are strictly linked to mechanical properties and viscous damping. A SOI process divided into two main steps is then developed in order to produce capacitive micro-resonator. Then, we demonstrate the approach by stable and reproducible methane and ethylene detection. Finally, we propose new micro-resonator adapted to photoacoustic spectroscopy without the constraints of capacitive transduction
Chakma, Rikel. "Characterization of the multi-detector GABRIELA and decay spectroscopy of ²⁵⁵Rf and ²⁵¹No." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASP066.
Повний текст джерелаOne unanswered question that lies at the crossroad of physics and chemistry is: what is the limit of the periodic table. Nuclear theories suggest the existence of the so-called "island of stability", inhabited by long-lived superheavy elements. These elements can materialize only because of strong quantum shell stabilizing effects. Thus, superheavy elements form a unique laboratory for studying nuclear structure and dynamics under the influence of very large Coulomb forces between the numerous protons in the nucleus. However, a theoretical challenge lies in the prediction the exact position of this island as different models predict the position of the next shell closures at Z = 114, 120, or 126, and N=172, 184 beyond the closed spherical shells at Z = 82 and N = 126 rather inharmoniously. To better understand the behavior of nuclear matter for extreme values of proton and neutron numbers and constrain nuclear models it is, therefore, necessary to investigate the nature and sequence of states in lighter, more accessible, transactinide nuclei through spectroscopic studies. In this work, states of ²⁵⁵Rf were populated through the fusion-evaporation reaction ⁵⁰Ti(²⁰⁷Pb,2n)²⁵⁵Rf using an intense ⁵⁰Ti beam provided by the U400 cyclotron of FLNR in Dubna. The evaporation residues were separated from the beam and background of other reaction products using the recoil separator SHELS and implanted into the implantation detector of the GABRIELA setup. The GABRIELA multidetector array allows to perform time and position correlations between the implanted nuclei and their subsequent decays and is sensitive to the emission of gamma rays, internal conversion electrons, alpha particles and fission products. To interpret the experimental decay spectra, the GABRIELA multidetector was characterized using GEANT4 simulations, which were validated with calibration data. In particular, the impact of summing on the gamma-ray- and electron-detection efficiencies was investigated and showed that simulations are vital for interpreting experimental results obtained using compact and efficient setups like GABRIELA. A novel method to estimate the implantation depth profile of the evaporation residues was devised, which is essential especially for internal-conversion-electron spectroscopy.To be able to use GEANT4 for elements heavier than Fm (Z=100), the source code was modified and the Fluorescence and the Auger emission data were extrapolated to allow accurate radioactive decay simulations up to the element Rf. Using ²⁵⁷Rf experimental data obtained in Dubna and the known decay scheme of the 21/2+ high-K isomer, the functionality of the modified GEANT4 code was validated. Simulations were then used to study the fine structure alpha decay of ²⁵⁵Rf and derive branching ratios to states in ²⁵¹No. The gamma-decay branching ratios and internal conversion coefficients for transitions in ²⁵¹No were also extracted. In ²⁵⁵Rf, two new high-K isomeric states were identified and the existence of a low-lying spin isomer was confirmed. Quantitative and qualitative comparisons of the experimental spectra to simulations have allowed to establish the likely decay schemes and assign possible quasiparticle configurations for all 3 isomers
Majed, Aliah. "Sensing-based self-reconfigurable strategies for autonomous modular robotic systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ENTA0013.
Повний текст джерелаModular robotic systems (MRSs) have become a highly active research today. It has the ability to change the perspective of robotic systems from machines designed to do certain tasks to multipurpose tools capable of accomplishing almost any task. They are used in a wide range of applications, including reconnaissance, rescue missions, space exploration, military task, etc. Constantly, MRS is built of “modules” from a few to several hundreds or even thousands. Each module involves actuators, sensors, computational, and communicational capabilities. Usually, these systems are homogeneous where all the modules are identical; however, there could be heterogeneous systems that contain different modules to maximize versatility. One of the advantages of these systems is their ability to operate in harsh environments in which contemporary human-in-the-loop working schemes are risky, inefficient and sometimes infeasible. In this thesis, we are interested in self-reconfigurable modular robotics. In such systems, it uses a set of detectors in order to continuously sense its surroundings, locate its own position, and then transform to a specific shape to perform the required tasks. Consequently, MRS faces three major challenges. First, it offers a great amount of collected data that overloads the memory storage of the robot. Second it generates redundant data which complicates the decision making about the next morphology in the controller. Third, the self reconfiguration process necessitates massive communication between the modules to reach the target morphology and takes a significant processing time to self-reconfigure the robotic. Therefore, researchers’ strategies are often targeted to minimize the amount of data collected by the modules without considerable loss in fidelity. The goal of this reduction is first to save the storage space in the MRS, and then to facilitate analyzing data and making decision about what morphology to use next in order to adapt to new circumstances and perform new tasks. In this thesis, we propose an efficient mechanism for data processing and self-reconfigurable decision-making dedicated to modular robotic systems. More specifically, we focus on data storage reduction, self-reconfiguration decision-making, and efficient communication management between modules in MRSs with the main goal of ensuring fast self-reconfiguration process
Lenain, Jean-Philippe. "Rayonnement γ des noyaux actifs de galaxies observé aux très hautes énergies avec H. E. S. S. : études multi-longueurs d’onde et modélisation de processus radiatifs". Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00431288.
Повний текст джерелаActive Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are among the most energetic sources in the Universe. A subgroup of AGN possesses relativistic jets, the emission of which is purely non-thermal. In the case where the jet is aligned to the line of sight, these objects, called “blazars”, have their emission amplified by the relativistic Doppler effect. Since the advent of very high energy (VHE; E > 100GeV) -ray astrophysics, Čerenkov telescopes like H. E. S. S. Have observed almost thirty AGN, mainly blazars, from the ground. Čerenkov radiation from particle showers created by the interaction of -rays in the terrestrial atmosphere is used to derive the properties of the incident photon and thus to study these extragalactic sources. We have studied the highly variable VHE -ray emission from the blazar PKS 2155- 304, from which two major outbursts were detected in July 2006, within the framework of a dynamic Synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) model. This variable emission presents properties excluding the most standard emission scenarios for blazars. We have also developed an SSCemission model for misaligned relativistic jets, to interpret the recent discovery of VHE -ray emission from two radio galaxies, M87 and CenA, which established the emergence of a new familiy of cosmic TeV emitters. We conclude with a systematic study conducted on all the AGN currently known at TeV with a stationary SSC model. We present tools for predictions of flux densities in these objects, which can be confronted with future observations by the Čerenkov Telescope Array (CTA)
Bouhou, Boutayeb. "Recherche conjointe d'ondes gravitationnelles et de neutrino cosmiques de haute énergie avec les détecteurs VIRGO-LIGO et ANTARES." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819985.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Liang. "Development of a CMOS pixel sensor for the outer layers of the ILC vertex detector." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01068494.
Повний текст джерелаStepurska, Kateryna. "Développement d'une procédure originale pour la multi-détection de composés toxiques utilisant des biocapteurs à base d'acétylcholinestérase." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1067/document.
Повний текст джерелаInvestigations reported in this manuscript are focused on the development of an original approach for the detection of several toxic compounds, mainly aflatoxins and organophosphorus pesticides, using acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-based inhibitory electrochemical biosensors. In a first step, a new potentiometric biosensor using pH Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (pH-FETs) as transducers was investigated for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) determination and different elaboration and working parameters were optimized. The proposed biosensor was characterized by high operational stability and reproducibility of the signal during the work as well as during the storage. The biosensor was further evaluated for real samples analysis (wheat, sesame, walnuts and peas) and a mathematical simulation of the potentiometric biosensor response to aflatoxin B1 was proposed for the first time and validated. In a second step, a conductometric biosensor using interdigitated gold microelectrodes was developed. The sensitivity of the biosensor to aflatoxins and other classes of toxic substances, such as organophosphorus pesticides, heavy metals ions, glycoalkaloids, and surfactants, was determined. A new and original procedure, enabling the selective determination of multiclass toxins by applying successive reactivation solutions targeting either irreversible or reversible inhibitors, was finally proposed. Using this method, the electrochemical enzyme inhibitory biosensors could be applied to the analysis of aflatoxins and organophosphorus pesticides, as well as for the determination of total toxicity of the samples
Vivet, Damien. "Perception de l'environnement par radar hyperfréquence. Application à la localisation et la cartographie simultanées, à la détection et au suivi d'objets mobiles en milieu extérieur." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659270.
Повний текст джерелаAmri, Rim. "Estimation régionale de l'évapotranspiration sur la plaine de Kairouan (Tunisie) à partir de données satellites multi-capteurs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00925198.
Повний текст джерелаAri, Julien. "Développement de verres spéciaux adaptés à la photonique moyen infrarouge pour des applications détection et mesure de gaz." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1S151/document.
Повний текст джерелаGlobal warming due to the increase of greenhouse gas emissions is one of the main current challenges. In this context, the CO2 storage in geological reservoirs appears as a likely way to limit the consequences of these emissions on the environment. For safety reasons, this management method requires continuous monitoring of the storage tanks by using IR sensors who can go down into the wells. The application of this technology also requires to know the CO2 behavior during various storage steps, in particular when it is in its supercritical state. This is why microfluidics is currently used to simulate and understand the phenomena related to the injection and storage of CO2 in supercritical form. The implementation of such approach requires: (i) the development of novel compact solutions for in situ continuous gas monitoring to secure the storage site and; (ii) a better understanding of the CO2 behavior during the different storage steps.The first research axis of this thesis has consisted in developing vitreous active materials to increase the efficiency of optical CO2 sensor (and eventually other gas like CH4 or CO) for their continuous monitoring in saline aquifer storage sites. This sensor must be able to be deployed in depth and be sensitive to CO2 concentrations below 1000 ppmv to quickly identify any leak. Chalcogenide glasses doped with specific rare earth ions may provide broadband luminescence that can be used to detect infrared signatures of all molecules whose absorption bands are located in the 3-5 µm spectral region. Glass compositions Ga5Ge20Sb10(Se,S)65 (mol.%) doped Pr3+ and Dy3+ have been developed in order to be integrated into a functional environmental CO2 sensor. The multi-sensing gas (CO2, CH4 and CO) potential of these materials has also been investigated.Current HP/HT microfluidic systems do not allow coupling FTIR and Raman spectroscopies. This problem is due to the using of Pyrex glass for the manufacture of these microreactors. That is why the second research axis developed during this thesis has consisted in exploring various vitreous systems to propose an alternative to the Pyrex glass. The target glass had to demonstrate the best compromise between the desired optical, thermomechanical and electrical properties. In this way, glasses based on GeO2 have been developed to meet these specifications, such as the anodic bonding process used to attach the glass on the silicon wafer. The glass composition selected after the completed studies is 70GeO2-15Al2O3-10La2O3-5Na2O (mol.%)