Дисертації з теми "Multi-circulation"
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Chang, Dongkuk. "Integrated multi-level circulation systems in dense urban areas." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399222.
Повний текст джерелаGaleotti, Chiara. "Multi-annual predictability of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/23508/.
Повний текст джерелаSalameh, Tamara. "Modelisation multi-echelles de la circulation atmospherique sur le bassin mediterraneen." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005357.
Повний текст джерелаSudre, J. "Circulation submésoéchelle et comportements des prédateurs marins supérieurs : Apport de l'analyse multi-échelles et multi-capteurs." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00929804.
Повний текст джерелаSudre, Joël. "Circulation submésoéchelle et comportements des prédateurs marins supérieurs : apport de l'analyse multi-échelles et multi-capteurs." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/3090/.
Повний текст джерелаThe ocean is governed by complex movements at all spatio-temporal scales. Within an mean and global circulation exists a secondary circulation inhabited by fronts, meanders, narrow jets, eddies, named mesoscale circulation. Observation with satellites allows a description and a synoptic evaluation of this dynamics at mesoscale by using altimetric and scatterometric data. This evaluation was the first objective of the thesis and allowed to develop a product distributed to the international scientific community : the GEKCO product. However, the description of submesoscale processes at finer resolution requires the use of super-resolution data (like ocean color or sea surface temperature) which have the ability to represent all the complexity of an ocean in fully developed turbulence. A method between physical oceanography and "science of the complexity" using the microcanonical formulation of the multiplicative cascade, the GEKCO product and sea surface temperature images was the topic of the second part of this manuscript. The ocean dynamics being the keystone of all marine ecosystems, the last part of this thesis was dedicated to the meso and submesoscale impact of the ocean dynamics to the trophic chain by focusing on its two extremities. Study of the flow at submesoscale allowed to show that it plays a preponderant role on the marine biomass ; role of activator in open ocean and role of inhibitor in the east boundary upwelling systems. Various studies on top marine predator paths demonstrated the necessity of taking into account the ocean dynamics to interpret their navigational behavior
Puusepp, Renee. "Generating circulation diagrams for architecture and urban design using multi-agent systems." Thesis, University of East London, 2011. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3114/.
Повний текст джерелаConnelly, Erin. "Grey Area: exploiting the potential of transition." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1277124277.
Повний текст джерелаMourou, Pascal. "Planification et contrôle d'exécution dans un monde multi-agent : copilote pour véhicule en circulation autoroutière." Toulouse 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994TOU30135.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Giang Thanh. "Developing a multi-level Gaussian process emulator of an Atmospheric General Circulation Model for palaeoclimate modelling." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412553/.
Повний текст джерелаOnguéné, Raphaël. "Modélisation multi-échelle de la circulation océanique en Afrique centrale, de la plaine abyssale à l'estuaire du Cameroun." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30393.
Повний текст джерелаTo study the variability of the coastal circulation (salinity, temperature, currents and transport) in Central Africa, with higher precision in the Cameroon estuary to seasonal time scales, intra-seasonal and event, we have built three models, made simulations followed by validation with in-situ observations and satellite. We have shown that the quality of the satellite Topex-Poseidon observations, Jason1, and Jason2 missions and processing performed by the CTOH allow a good estimate of the coastal tide with a lag of two centimeters between the model and satellite data, whereas with the in situ data there is an error of one centimeter. The error with the altimetry is greater in the areas with a significant river discharge. In the deep ocean, the surface temperature remains high throughout the year, and decrease more than 5° C Celsius observed in the boreal summer. The lower number of the SST could be linked to the development of the cold tongue in the south of the equator wihch appears at the same time. The surface current seeing between 1° N and 4° N, is the Guinea Current which the maximum intesity reached 0.4 ms-1. A part of this current and recirculates directly seaward through the Principe island, The other branch of this current goes to the front side of the brigth of Biafra through the southeast of Malabo where it appears to be increasing because the strong bathymetric gradient. We has also the coastal current oriented from south to northwest throughout the year. More specifically in the month of August the vortex appears on the border of Cameroon and Gabon coasts. It intensified in September with more than 50 km radius. It is powered by the Guinean coastal current and the current described above. Around 50 m depth, we observe under current not yet identified in the literature that fits around 3.5° N latitude with termination being around 7° E. It recirculates in the deep ocean near 0°N. The salinity variability in the deep ocean is linked to the variability of the OGCM, while in the estuary depends not only to rivers discharges, but most of the spring tide cycle, and neap tide. The maximum surface tide current associated this cycle is respectively 1 ms-1 and 2 ms-1. The stratification of the estuary is more dependent on the tide than rivers flows. The sensitivity tests show that the deforestation of mangroves reduces the average water level of the estuary at the scale of a tidal cycle. A small river discharge leads to a strong increase in salinity, which can reach 7 psu in boreal winter, and was 2 psu in boreal summer. It was the same order of magnitude but in terms of dicreasing of the salinity when the rivers discharge are strong
Michiels, Sébastien. "Modernisation, marchés du travail et circulation en Inde : Une approche mixte et multi-scalaire des migrations de travail." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0080/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe multiple economic, political and social changes that occurred in India since the liberalizationprocess initiated in the 1980’s altered the organization and the structure of labour. These structuralchanges reshaped migratory practices depending on workforce demand. This dissertation examineshow the labour market structuration in India has contributed to changing internal migration flows andhow migratory practices evolved. Therefore, to identify the links between labour markets andmigration flows, this study combines macro and micro levels of analysis. The dissertation is organizedas follows. The literature review synthetizes migration theories. Then, in the first part, we propose amacroeconomic analysis of the links between labour market and migration. Through a labour markettypology elaborated for different regions of India, we spatialize migration flows. In the second part,with a microeconomic focus and a mixed approach that combines both qualitative results from ourfieldwork conducted between 2010 and 2014 and quantitative results, we study the evolutions oflabour migration in rural Tamil Nadu. We identify migration patterns and establish the existence of adiversity of migratory practices
Sangweni, Lucy Sithombesethu. "Experimental and numerical modelling investigations of the response of a two-phase natural circulation multi-parallel channel system." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97140.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: In the present study, two-phase natural circulation flow in a multi-parallel channel system was investigated using experimental and numerical modelling. The investigation was carried out under different power excitations and various system operations (open system, closed system and heat pipe mode). The multichannel system was equipped at the upper end with a condenser enclosed within a steam drum, while the lower portion of each channel was heated to heat the system. For the numerical modelling, transient one-dimensional conservation equations were derived from first principle for both single- and two-phase fluids and used to computer program the system’s discretised simulation model. Temperatures and mass flow rates of the fluid responses as a result of different power excitations and operations were obtained for both the experimental and numerical modelling. It was observed from the results that the fluid experiences a start-up transient before accomplishing steady-state conditions. It was further noted that the transient duration varies with power excitations and system operation modes and hence with the stability of the system. A rise in power proved not to necessarily increase the fluid mass flow rate, but invited oscillations with higher amplitudes, depending on the system’s mode of operation. Type I instability and low-quality steam oscillations were witnessed at low power and open system operation mode (system open to the atmosphere). Type II instabilities and flashing instability were observed to be associated with medium and high-power excitations for the open system mode of operation. The fluid flow became more stable and less oscillatory at all power excitations for the closed system operation mode (system not open to the atmosphere). However, a sub-cooling effect was evident at higher power, where the two-phase fluid temperatures oscillated in a sinusoidal manner. However, the mass flow rates oscillated with high amplitudes in the forward direction in some channels and assumed a unidirectional flow in other channels. In general, steady-state conditions were obtained earlier when the system was operated as a closed system. For the heat pipe mode of operation, the system transient response in all channels exhibited a geysering instability followed by flashing-induced boiling. In-phase (flow in channels exhibiting the same behaviour) and out-of-phase (flow in channels exhibiting contradictory conduct) behaviour between adjacent channels were observed at all power excitations and system operation modes. Flow reversal in heated channels of a natural circulation system were proven to exists even under equal power excitations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie is tweefasige natuurlike sirkulasievloei in ’n parallelle multikanaalstelsel ondersoek deur middel van eksperimentele en numeriese modellering. Die ondersoek is onder verskillende kragopwekkings en verskeie stelselwerkings (oop stelsel, toe stelsel en hittepypmodus). Die multikanaalstelsel is aan die bopunt met ’n kondensor binne ’n stoomdrom toegerus, terwyl die laer gedeelte van elke kanaal verhit is om die stelsel te verhit. Vir die numeriese modellering, is oorgangseendimensionele behoundsvergelykings vanaf die eerste beginsel vir beide een- en tweefasige vloeistowwe afgelei en dit is gebruik om die stelsel se gediskretiseerde simulasiemodel vir ’n rekenaar te programmeer. Temperature en massavloeitempo’s van die vloeistofrespons as gevolg van verskillende kragopwekkings en -werkings is vir beide die eksperimentele en die numeriese modellering verkry. Dit is in die resultate waargeneem dat die vloeistof ’n aansitoorgang ervaar voor dit vloeiewewigstoestande bereik. Daar is verder waargeneem dat die duur van die oorgang wissel volgens kragopwekkings en stelselwerkingsmodusse en dus op grond van die stabiliteit van die stelsel. ’n Toename in krag het nie noodwendig die vloeitempo van die vloeistofmassa verhoog nie, maar het aanleiding gegee tot ossillasies met groter amplitudes, afhangende van die stelsel se metode van werking. Tipe I-onstabiliteit en stoom-ossillasies van ’n lae intensiteit is teen lae krag en oop stelselwerkingsmodus waargeneem (stelsel oop aan die atmosfeer). Tipe II-onstabiliteit en flitsingsonstabiliteit (flashing instability) is met medium- en hoë kragopwekkings vir die oop stelsel modus van werking waargeneem. Die vloeistofvloei het meer stabiel en minder ossillerend geraak by alle kragopwekkings in die geslote stelsel van werking (stelsel nie oop na die atmosfeer nie). ’n Subverkoelingseffek was egter teen hoër krag duidelik, waar die tweefasige vloeistof se temperature sinusvormig geossilleer het. Die massavloeitempo’s het egter met hoë amplitudes in die vorentoe rigting in sommige kanale gevloei en eenrigtingvloei in ander kanale vertoon. Oor die algemeen is vloei-ewewigstoestande vroeër verkry toe die stelsel as ’n geslote stelsel bedryf is. Vir die hittepypmodus van werking het die stelsel se oorgangsweergawe in alle kanale ’n geysering onstabiliteit getoon, gevolg deur flitsinggeïnduseerde (flashing induced) kook. Gelykfasige gedrag (vloei in kanale vertoon dieselfde gedrag) en ongelykfasige gedrag (vloei in kanale vertoon teenstrydige gedrag) tussen langsliggende kanale is met al die kragopwekkings en stelselwerkingsmodusse waargeneem. Vloei-omkering in die verhitte kanale van ’n natuurlike sirkulasiestelsel is bewys om selfs onder gelyke kragopwekkings te bestaan.
Sobieraj, Jérémy. "Méthodes et outils pour la conception de systèmes de transport intelligents coopératifs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLE038/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe car is the most used mode of transport in Europe and North America. Today, it is increasingly secure thanks to driver assistance systems. However, it is still the largest share of road accidents in France, 90 % of which are caused by humans. From 2020, new types of vehicles will appear on the road: they are vehicles whose decision will no longer depend only on the human driver, commonly called autonomous vehicles.To design such systems, three main requirements must be respected at the same time: the safety (respect of traffic laws), the efficiency (go as fast as possible) and the comfort (not to feel in danger in the vehicle). In addition to imagine a vehicle where only on-board sensors provide the necessary information to drive, one can add the ability to communicate with other vehicles or the road infrastructure. This last point have to take into account a fourth requirement, courtesy (does not have a negative impact on surrounding vehicles). It can also help to manage a similar situation where vehicles driven by human beings and autonomous vehicles will be in the same environment.To study these behaviors, computer simulation can be a good solution to set up a range of possible scenarios in different environments. However, this imposes a level of abstraction that can affect the level of realism of the model.In this PhD thesis, we defined methods and tools to define a methodology for designing Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems. From a vehicle model, we have shown that we can simulate it and then formally check it. From the model obtained, compatibility with a more realistic simulator is ensured. In addition, based on a simulation tool, we have implemented a cooperation protocol that allows vehicles to adapt more easily to current road environments
Zhou, Zhen. "Study on optimization of hazardous material transportation via lane reservation." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0041/document.
Повний текст джерелаHazardous material transportation is well-known for its high potential risk. An accident may cause very serious economic damage and negative impacts on the public health and the environment over the long term. Optimization for hazardous material transportation is an important issue. For the first time in the literature, this thesis introduces the lane reservation strategy into the hazardous material transportation problem. The goal is to obtain a best compromise between the impact on normal traffic due to lane reservation and the transportation risk.In this thesis, we focus on two novel problems: hazardous material transportation problem via lane reservation in networks with time-invariant and time-dependent risk, called LRPTIR and LRPTDR, respectively. For these problems, multi-objective integer programming and multi-objective mixed integer programming models are formulated, respectively. For the LRPTIR, we first develop an ε-constraint and fuzzy-logic based method to obtain Pareto optimal solutions and a preferred solution. Then a cut-and-solve and cutting plane combined method is proposed to reduce the computational time. For the LRPTDR, an improved cut-and-solve based ε-constraint method is proposed, in which a new technique of generating piercing cuts is developed and a partial integral relaxation strategy is applied. The performance of the proposed algorithms is evaluated by randomly generated instances. Computational results demonstrate that for the considered problems, the cut-and-solve method outperforms software package CPLEX
Le, Corre Anne-Claire. "Approche multi-échelles (élevage, cellule, -omique) des mécanismes de transmission inter-espèces d’Anaplasma phagocytophilum et de sa circulation chez les bovins." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1073.
Повний текст джерелаAnaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular alphaproteobacterium, mainly transmitted by Ixodes ticks. It is the causative agent of bovine and human granulocytic anaplasmosis and can infect various mammalian species, including rodents and wild ruminants. Several epidemiological cycles may coexist in Europe. In particular, human and bovine strains seem to belong to distinct cycles, which leads to the hypothesis that cattle strain are not zoonotic. Due to its intracellular location in vivo inside granulocyte neutrophils, A. phagocytophilum culture is challenging and leads to several methodological difficulties. This explains why few studies have so far been performed in order to explore the interactions between this bacterium and its host species (mammals and ticks). In order to investigate these interactions at different levels, I performed four complementary studies. First, our epidemiological study in cattle herd highlighted the genetic diversity of strains circulating in the herds and challenges the role of cattle as a reservoir for A. phagocytophilum. The infections of endothelial cells that we performed to study the role of these cells as niche cells and/or determinants of species barrier during A. phagocytophilum infection led us to consider that endothelial cells could host A. phagocytophilum during their transmission from dermis to blood, without allowing their multiplication. For studying A. phagocytophilum transcriptomic reactions during the transmission from tick to vertebrate host, we submitted infected tick cells to heat shocks. Our results suggest that few transcriptomic events are induced during this transmission. Nevertheless, A. phagocytophilum is able to respond to non-physiological heat stress. We identified differentially expressed proteins, which could play an important role during tick or mammal infection. The yeast two hybrid analysis allowed us to detect three host cell interactors to APH_0032, an A. phagocytophilum vacuolar membrane protein. This technique could be applied for studying the molecular interactions involving proteins that where differentially expressed during heat shock, for example. Finally, our four complementary studies raise the question of the basis for such genetic variability and host diversity within an obligate intracellular bacterium and open up a wide field of perspectives
Le, Roux Géraldine. "Création, réception et circulation internationale des arts aborigènes contemporains : ethnographie impliquée et multi-située avec des artistes de la côte est de l'Australie." Paris, EHESS, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EHES0431.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis examines the forms of interaction that Aboriginal artists from the east-coast of Australia have with art dealers and curators. This study stems from ethnographic observations made between 2003 and 2008 and undertaken among artists from Boomalli – an Aboriginal cooperative which was founded in 1987 in Sydney -, painters from Lockhart River Art Gang created in 1996 and founding members of proppaNOW – another Aboriginal collective established in Brisbane in 2004. This thesis examines the criticisms expressed and the explanations given by urban artists in commenting upon their representation in national and international art exhibitions. I postulate that the development of an art industry brings an agency specific to certain urban-based artists. Through a systematic analysis of exhibitions organised in France since 1979, I examine the role of art dealers and members of organisations and civil society in the circulation of these artworks in France and I carry out a detailed analysis of the reception of Aboriginal artwork. The Ethnographic analysis of my role as an independent curator provides an interesting perspective on a major figure of the contemporary art world, an intermediary who still remains underexplored in the social sciences. My own positioning, which is multi-sited (in terms of geography) and multi-situated (in terms of areas of activity), enables me to reconstitute a large composite of competitive and collaborative relations which surround the different stages of cultural and economic promotion and development of Aboriginal art, from its local production to its international reception
Dujardin, Yann. "Régulation adaptative multi-objectif et multi-mode aux carrefours à feux." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00904781.
Повний текст джерелаSchippers, Patricia. "Etude de l'équilibre et de la circulation des populations d'électrons dans la magnétosphère de Saturne à l'aide des données multi-instrumentales de la sonde Cassini-Huygens." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00410431.
Повний текст джерелаGaciarz, Matthis. "Régulation de trafic urbain multimodal : une modélisation multi-agents." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1281/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince several decades, urban congestion is more and more widespread and deteriorate the quality of life of citizens who live in cities. Several methods are used to reduce urban congestion, notably traffic regulation and promotion of public transportation. Since the 1990's, the usage of tools from artificial intelligence, particularly distributed systems and multi-agent systems, allowed to design new methods for traffic regulation. Indeed, these methods ease to take into account the complexity of traffic-related problems with distribution. Moreover, the improvement of the communication abilities of the vehicles and the coming of autonomous vehicles allow to consider new approaches for regulation.The research work presented in this work is twofold. First we propose a method for traffic regulation at an intersection based on automatic negotiation. Our method is based on an argumentation system describing the state of the traffic and the preferences of each vehicle, relying on reasonning methods for vehicles and infrastructures. In the second part of this thesis, we propose a coordination method for buses for the rest of the traffic. This method allows a bus to coordinate in an anticipatory way with the next intersections on its trajectory, in order to define a common regulation policy allowing the bus to reach its next stop without suffering from potential congestions
Gibbs, Jason. "Experimental Determination of Lift and Lift Distributions for Wings In Formation Flight." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31301.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Guignard, Lison. "La fabrique de l'égalité par le droit. Genèse et usages transnationaux du protocole de Maputo sur les droits des femmes de l’Union africaine." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLN025.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral research explores the process of law-making of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa, better known as the Maputo Protocol. Crossing theoretical corpus of sociology of law-making and sociology of mobilisations, this thesis is dedicated to the genesis and trajectory of this text in different spaces, i.e the actors game taking place on the regional arena (OAU/AU) but also, concomitantly or successfully on the national and international arenas. It is a multi-scale approach which is adopted to analyse this normative production through the games and epistemological meaning bestowed by different actors. The research deals with potential uses and mobilisations of the Maputo protocol as they are produced by different clusters: the "cluster of the legal, judiciary and juridical instrument" (or expert cluster), the "cluster of public action instrument, promotion/protection of Women's Rights " (or activist cluster), the "cluster of legitimate and ceremonial" (or state cluster), the "cluster of universalistic referential" (or Northern cluster) and the "cluster of statu quo and inefficiency" (or resistant cluster). Indeed, it is through interactions between these different clusters, which act and interact during the making of this legal African text on equality between men and women, which is analysed this legal-making process (understood, in conformity with our sociological approach, as construction as well as implementation of this text). The doctoral research studies more specifically the structuring tension between symbolical and instrumental dimensions of law which shapes history and mobilisations around this text
Oueslati, Boutheina. "Interaction entre convection nuageuse et circulation de grande échelle dans les tropiques." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1795/.
Повний текст джерелаThe spurious double intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) is a systematic bias affecting state-of-the-art coupled general circulation models (GCM); there is still no consensus on its causes. The goal of this thesis is to shed some light on this outstanding problem toward the improvement of climate model performances. This work emphasizes the roles of coupled ocean-atmosphere and dynamics-thermodynamics feedbacks in the ITCZ structure. The first step was to study the response of the atmospheric GCMs ARPEGE-climat and LMDz in aquaplanet configuration, to a range of SST latitudinal distributions. The purpose was to investigate the existence of multiple precipitation regimes, explore their characteristics and untangle the mechanisms at play in regime transition. The transition from the double regime with two ITCZs to the single regime with only one ITCZ at the equator was analyzed. In both models, the transition between these regimes is mainly driven by changes in the low-level convergence that are forced by the atmospheric boundary layer temperature gradients. Model-dependent, dry and moist feedbacks intervene to reinforce or weaken the effect of the temperature forcing. Dry dynamical feedbacks are mainly driven by horizontal advection of cold subtropical air. Moist thermodynamics which are only active in LMDz; they act as negative feedbacks on low-level convergence and are associated with cooling in the stratospheric cold top and in the boundary layer by convective downdrafts. Moist processes play a crucial role in the ITCZ structure through their influence on the vertical profile of convective heating and modulation of moisture-convection feedbacks, two variables that are very sensitive to the convection scheme and, in particular, to lateral convective entrainment. The influence of lateral convective entrainment on the ITCZ structure is analyzed through a hierarchy of model configurations (coupled ocean-atmosphere, atmospheric and aquaplanet) using the CNRM-CM5 GCM. The sensitivity of the ITCZ structure to this parameter is robust across our hierarchy of models. In response to an increased entrainment rate, the realistic simulations exhibit a weakening of the southern side of the double ITCZ over the southeastern Pacific. The change in ITCZ configuration is associated with a more realistic representation of the tropical circulation driven by feedbacks between large-scale dynamics and deep convection. Together with vertical dynamics, SST and associated coupled feedbacks drive the ITCZ location. Sensitivity experiments to lateral entrainment show that ocean-atmosphere feedbacks amplify the double ITCZ bias. A multi-model analysis using CMIP5 GCMs show that the double ITCZ bias has become small in atmosphere-only simulations, and that coupled atmosphere-ocean feedbacks account for a large part of this bias in coupled simulations
Buguellou, Jean-Baptiste. "Micro-simulation des déplacements par système multi-agents : exploration multi-niveaux." Thesis, Tours, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOUR1801/document.
Повний текст джерелаFrom the perspective of best practice assessment of daily mobility, it should refocus the methods and tools for decision aid around the actors in travel: users. In this logic MICROBILIS model was developed to evaluate the adaptation strategies of users relative to their environmental transport. Three streams have been mobilized: the micro-simulation of assignment models, graph theory and multi-agent systems. The environment is modeled from a microscopic simulator of movements and a cellular graph, defining the network capacity. The simulations allow to find the empirical relationships of the dynamics of traffic on the sections and highlight upper capacity constraints at intersections. The transition to the simulation of a large network induces the complexity of the environment and the multiplication of particular cases. It was not possible to make this transition without reducing the initial assumptions, making it unrepresentative of reality
Yu, Yue. "Conception et Développement d’une Plateforme Multi-Agent en Réalité Virtuelle de Pilotage de Véhicules Intelligents." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ECLI0013/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the modeling and simulation of microscopic traffic behavior in virtual reality system, with the intent of providing a new approach to effectively ensure traffic safety. At first, Virtual Reality Intelligent Simulation System of Vehicles (VR-ISSV), based on multi-agent, is proposed to simulate the intelligent microscopic traffic, which is a hierarchical modular modeling and simulation system consisting of hardware, network and operating system layers, visualization management layer, multi-agent layer, human-machine interface layer. The multi-agent layer includes entity agents (intelligent vehicle agents and around vehicle agents), service agent and environment agent. Second, for the intelligent vehicle agent model, a decentralized design paradigm is used for developing the multi-controller based intelligent vehicle, whereby the car following behavior and the overtaking behavior could be realized by the coordination of the multi-controller. The environment agent is constructed based on the conception of Synthetic Natural Environment (SNE), taking into account the interaction between the vehicles and the natural environment. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to establish environment agent. Finally, to ensure the safety in microscopic traffic maneuver, the intelligent vehicle controllers adapting to complex environment are considered. Fuzzy logic based controllers are designed for sending the appropriate outputs to the vehicle’s actuators – the steering wheel and the throttle/brake pedals. Microscopic traffic behavior models based on the intelligent vehicle agent involving environment are studied
Chen, Bofei. "A multi-agent based cooperative control model applied to the management of vehicles-trains." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017UBFCA002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of individual vehicles is becoming more and more important in inner cities, leading to many side problems such as traffic jam, air pollution and accidents. Intelligent vehicles have been studied so as to overcome these problems. Some solutions provided by these works are already available to the general public market such as city safety systems, lane assists,... Many research works are focusing on finding suitable and acceptable solutions to these problems and dealing with traffic jam management. The proposal can tackle the traffic jam problem whether on system level or on individual vehicle providing better control and perception systems aimed at reducing time response and/or at increasing the road capacity.On the vehicle side, one promising solutions is vehicles platoons (vehicles-train) making possible a huge reduction of the longitudinal distance between vehicles and thus allowing an increase of roads capacity. Basically, two main trends can be found literature. On one side, global approaches are based on a common reference frame, generally tied to the vehicles playground, shared by all vehicles of the train. Then, each vehicle behaves according to this shared reference which can be either the trajectory of the first vehicle of the train or a reference trajectory built offline. On the other side, local approaches are based on vehicle local perception abilities. Some methods, based on classical control algorithms or physical-inspired and inter-vehicular interaction link, are developed.Despite numerous research works on this subject, which are focusing on individual vehicle control, few of them consider the platoon control solution on the system point of view. However, this system point of view is particularly important when several platoons have to share the road network and meet at critical nodes such as crossroads and roundabouts. This introduces new issues such as (1) how to organize vehicles and trains of vehicle, (2) the interactions between trains of vehicles and (3) the strategies of sharing the road infrastructure efficient, reliable and safe. Solving these problems will then allow considering vehicles-train solution as a good candidate for solving traffic flow issues at transportation system level.The goal of this thesis is to propose an approach, based on multi-agent paradigm, which aims at dealing with systems level issues focusing mainly on intersections between vehicles-trains of vehicles. Thus, we propose a cooperative control system which relies on multi-level decision processes aimed at dealing with the interaction of platoons at road network nodes. This cooperative control system allows both to maintain the coherence and the safety condition of each involved train of vehicles and to adapt each train components behavior so as to make train shared the road, and especially roundabouts and crossroads, efficiently (i.e. without stopping any vehicle). This cooperative control system is divided into three different levels. The global train state is managed at the train-level decision process based on the train level perceptions. The vehicle-level process makes the decision concerning each individual vehicle according to data provided by the train-level and to the interaction between vehicles. Finally, the motor-level process makes the link between the vehicle-level command and hardware level of vehicles. In this thesis, we focus on the train-level and vehicle-level. When encountering, trains exchange information such as one part of their perceptions.Besides the goal of having an efficient approach so as to enable several vehicles-trains to share the road infrastructure, we also strategies to transform the meetings of vehicles-trains at road nodes into reconfiguration spots where trains can reconfigure and recombine.The developed algorithm are tested in simulation so as to obtain proper evaluation of our proposal using suitable indicators
Ayache, Mohamed. "Modélisation d’éléments traces (T, 3He, Nd, 14C) en mer Méditerranée pour l’étude des cycles biogéochimiques et de la circulation océanique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV138/document.
Повний текст джерелаUseful diagnostics of the ventilation of the ocean’s interior are derived from geochemical tracers characterized by simple boundary conditions at the ocean’s surface, and a conservative behavior in marine waters. In this thesis, we simulated explicitly some trace elements distribution in the Mediterranean to better constrain the thermohaline circulation and biogeochemical cycles. We used a high resolution physical/biogeochemical model NEMO-MED12-PISCES.The Mediterranean offers a particularly attractive setting for studying geochemical tracers. It’s a semi-enclosed basin, which makes it easier to quantify the various sources and sinks of the elements (atmospheric dust, rivers ...). In particular, we modeled tritium (3H), a transient tracer currently used for the study of the interannual variability of the thermohaline circulation. We also simulated helium isotopes (3He, 4He), useful tracers for investigating the deep ocean circulation.We have simulated the isotopic composition of neodymium (Nd), tracer adapted to investigate the exchanges between dissolved/particulate phases, with the continental margins, and to constrain the modern and paleo thermohaline circulation, as well as radiocarbon (14C), an ideal tracer for studying air-sea gas exchange and for assessing the ventilation rate of the deep water masses over very long timescales.This study is part of the work carried out to assess the robustness of the NEMO-MED12 model, which will be used to study the evolution of the climate and its effect on the biogeochemical cycles in the Mediterranean Sea, and to improve our ability to predict the future evolution of the Mediterranean Sea under the increasing anthropogenic pressure
Touhbi, Saâd. "Élaboration d’un modèle multi-agents pour la génération synthétique de trafic : application à la mobilité urbaine de la ville de Marrakech." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS326.
Повний текст джерелаTraffic generation is an important process in traffic simulation. It defines a series of vehicle arrival at a road. This series is proven to be random since 1930. However, its distribution explains at a level the behavior of the motorists. The goal of this thesis is to establish a traffic generation toolbox to produce a series of vehicle arrival characterized by their entry point, their type, arrival time and their initial speed. A first step was to establish an analysis protocol for the time headway (TH) of the arriving vehicles consisting of four steps : (i) data processing and calculating TH, (ii) sampling of data according to different levels of traffic, (iii) model choice and estimation, (iv) and the comparison of the estimated models and the empirical data. The application of the latter on four roads with three lanes interrupted by a signalized intersection showed that : The Pareto IV model is not rejected for all levels of traffic in these roads, the Exponential model is proven to be inadequate for all levels of traffic, the Log-Normal and Pearson III are best suited for intermediate to high levels of traffic. These results helped in testing the traffic generation toolbox proving that it generates coherent level of traffic compared to the desired configuration. The latter was integrated in the simulation MarrakAir that estimated the level of pollution based on traffic. This was done to eliminate the necessity to have punctual data from sensors about vehicle arrivals
Ali, Ahmad. "L' approche multi-agents pour le pilotage des systèmes complexes appliquée aux systèmes du trafic urbain." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725327.
Повний текст джерелаKsontini, Feirouz. "Modèle d'agent fondé sur les affordances : application à la simulation de trafic routier." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0027/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work described in this thesis aims to improve the validity of traffic simulations in urban and suburban areas. We propose to consider the driving context, the heterogeneity of vehicles (motorized two-wheelers, vehicle, truck, etc.) and the driver behavior in terms of space occupation. The purpose is to produce in simulation the observed real world phenomena such as faufilement behavior (two-wheelers, emergency vehicles, cases of intersections). We address the traffic simulation byconsidering a behavioral approach based on multi-agent systems. Previous work have proposed non- generic solutions, for the particular case of motorized two-wheelers. We propose a new agent model to better take into account the context of driving and driver behavior in terms of space occupation. We endow agent driver with an ego-centered representation of the environment based on the concept of affordances. We use the affordances to identify the possible actions, in terms of space occupation, afforded by environment. The proposed agent model was implemented with ArchiSim. This implementation has allowed to reproduce a real traffic situation and to compare the results to real data. Different experiments were conducted to assess the quality of the proposed solution
Palash, Polina. "Organizing transnational social protection in times of crisis : Ecuadorian families in between Ecuador, Spain and England." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0601.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses the transnational social protection arrangements deployed as strategies developed and sustained by people living across different countries to cope with risks and cover their needs. The thesis focuses on Ecuadorian transnational families managing social protection concerns between Europe and their country of origin, drawing on a multi-sited, partly matched-sample ethnographic study conducted across Spain, England and Ecuador. Families in this study have had to deal with two financial crises – at the end of 1990s in Ecuador and the global 2008 recession, which again destabilized the life of Ecuadorian migrants abroad. This implied various spatial reconfigurations, such as the onward move of dual EU (Ecuadorian-Spanish) citizens from Spain to England, where there has been a small Ecuadorian community since the 1980s. The 2008 recession also prompted readjustments of protective arrangements for Ecuadorian migrants, including reverse economic flows from Ecuador aimed at providing for their daily needs in Europe. In their multiple adaptations migrants accumulate vulnerabilities, while dealing with inadequacies of the different welfare systems with respect to the needs of their transnational families. The predominant risks of the management of social protection concerns across several countries is partly compensated by a diffuse circulation of support in family networks, entailing multidirectional flows of resources
Breil, Romaric. "Système multi-agents pour l'auto-structuration du trafic aérien." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30359/document.
Повний текст джерелаAir Traffic Flow Management (ATFM) aims at structuring traffic in order to reduce congestion in airspace. Congestion being linked to aircraft located at the same position at the same time, ATFM organizes traffic in the spatial dimension (e.g. route network) and in the time dimension (e.g. sequencing and merging of aircraft flows taking off or landing at airports). The objective of this thesis is to develop a methodology that allows the traffic to self-organize in the time and space dimensions when demand is high. This structure disappears when the demand diminishes. In order to reach this goal, a multi-agent system has been developed, in which aircraft cooperate to structure traffic. Multi-agent systems have several advantages, including a good resilience when confronted with disruptive events, resilience being the ability of the system to adapt its decisions in order to get back to a stable state when confronted to a disruption in its environment. In this system, three algorithms have been implemented, aiming at reducing traffic complexity in three different ways. The first algorithm allows aircraft agents flying on a route network to regulate speed in order to reduce the number of conflicts, a conflict occurring when two aircraft do not respect separation norms. The second algorithm allows aircraft to solve conflicts when the traffic is not structured by a route network. The third algorithm creates temporary local route networks allowing to structure traffic. The three algorithms implemented in this multi-agent system allow to decrease overall traffic complexity, which becomes easier to manage by air traffic controllers. This algorithm was applied on realistic examples and was able to structure traffic in a resilient way
Malas, Anas. "Contributions à la résolution du transport à la demande fondées sur les systèmes multi-agents." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMIR07/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis addresses the problem of on-demand transport (ODT). We propose three decentralized approaches based on multi-agent systems to solve this problem. The first multi-agent approach uses the algorithm A* in order to find an optimal solution in a road network characterized by constant travel speeds. Experiments are carried out on the road network of a Lebanese city called Tripoli and good results are obtained. However, in a city like Tripoli, travel speeds depend heavily on the dynamic situation of road traffic. For this reason, the second multi-agent approach massif comes to remedy the first taking into account the evolution of traffic. The road network is considered as dynamic deterministic. It is characterized by travel speeds dependent on the usual traffic situation. These speeds are pre-calculated on the basis of historical knowledge of road traffic. The experimental results show that the number of dissatisfied customers is greater than 50 % if the speeds are considered to be constant. Nevertheless, historical knowledge is not sufficient to reflect the actual traffic situation, especially in case of an unexpected event (such as an accident) occurring on the network. For this, a self-organized massive multi-agent approach is proposed. The road network is considered as a dynamic stochastic characterized by travel speeds dependent on the actual traffic situation. This approach represents the dynamic organization of traffic on its scale based on historical traffic knowledge and real-time traffic information. Vehicle trajectories and their durations are calculated and recalculated online whenever an unexpected event disrupts the usual traffic situation. The experimental results show that up to 39 % of customers will be dissatisfied if a road accident is not considered during the processing of their demands. Otherwise, 50 % to 100 % of these customers are satisfied
Nguyen, Quoc Tuan. "Plate-forme de simulation pour l'aide à la décision : application à la régulation des systèmes de transport urbain." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS003/document.
Повний текст джерелаTransport systems are becoming more complex and must incorporate not only technological components, but also sociological and political ones. In particular, they should be easy to adapt in order to incorporate the goals set by decision makers, such as the integration of sustainable development settings. The main objective of our research is to propose software architecture of a simulation tool to help a decision maker, responsible for the regulation of an urban transportation system to analyze and evaluate the impacts of regulatory strategies. We propose a system to assist in the definition of an urban transportation policy. Our system is based on an agent-based simulation integrating spatial and temporal information to evaluate regulatory scenarios. In terms of system architecture, we adopted a “system of systems” approach, mainly structured in layers, in order to model the main elements of the system. The validation of our simulation tool could be done from a case study of significant size and complexity because we have travel surveys, census, and traffic measurements. We made a prototype for the movement of people in the city of La Rochelle from statistical data of INSEE and the BD TOPO 2 of IGN using the GAMA platform
Sainct, Rémi. "Étude des instabilités dans les modèles de trafic." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1067/document.
Повний текст джерелаHighway traffic is known to be unstable when the vehicle density becomes too high, and to create stop-and-go waves, with an alternance of free flow and congested traffic. First-order traffic models can't reproduce these oscillations, but higher-order models can, both microscopic (car-following models) and macroscopic (systems of conservation laws).This thesis analyses the representation of unstable traffic states and oscillations in various traffic models. At the microscopic level, because of the flux concavity, the average flow of these oscillations is lower than the equilibrium flow for the same density. An algorithm is given to stabilize the flow with multi-anticipation, using an intelligent autonomous vehicle.At the macroscopic level, this work introduces averaged models, using the fact that the spatio-temporal scale of the oscillations is too small to be correctly predicted by simulations. The averaged LWR model, which consists of two conservation laws, enables a macroscopic representation of the density variance in a heterogeneous traffic, and gives the correct average flow of these states. A comparison with the ARZ model, also of order 2, shows that the averaged model can reproduce a capacity drop in a more realistic way.Finally, this thesis presents the SimulaClaire project of real-time traffic prediction on the ring road of Toulouse, and its parallelized parameter optimization algorithm
Gasparin, Florent. "Caractéristiques des Masses d'Eau, Transport de masse et Variabilité de la circulation océanique en mer de Corail." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00840821.
Повний текст джерелаFrançois, Axel. "Interopérabilité des modèles géométriques pour les Systèmes d'Information Géographique : applications de la norme ISO 19107." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX22078/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the current economic context, the representation and the analysis of 3D data is growing more and more in the field of Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The number of GIS applications is constantly increasing in many industries, such as Defense, Regional Development and Civil Security. However, we can point out the emergence of an important request for 3D analysis in GIS. These developments require a standardization of data and exchange structures. This is carried out by Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO). A recent standard (ISO 19107:2003) describes the complex objects to be taken into consideration and the associated treatments that can be used. It aims to develop interoperable exchange and analysis of geometric and topological data in GIS. Currently, no complete implementation on a computer of this standard has been done yet, regarding the level of abstraction sought. However, a simplified version was exclusively developed for 2D objects (ISO 19137:2007). This thesis proposes the modeling and the analysis of complex objects in three dimensional space, with their associated treatments. The objective is to create a first library whose the features are conform to ISO19107. Moreover, this standard is currently under review within the OGC Consortium (Open Geospatial Consortium) with a need for correction and evolution. The work done until now have enabled us to make a meaningful contribution with the addition of new geometrical primitives, the harmonization of primitives through the use of rational parametric curves and surfaces. The works on this standard also allowed the development of an application within the GEOMATYS company, making possible the 3D modeling and analysis for traffic simulation based on GIS data
Wei, Lijun. "Multi-sources fusion based vehicle localization in urban environments under a loosely coupled probabilistic framework." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01004660.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Jin. "Contribution à la commande d'un train de véhicules intelligents." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586081.
Повний текст джерелаOuld, Sidi Mohamed Mahmoud. "Contribution à l'amélioration des systèmes d'aide à la décision pour la régulation du trafic dans les réseaux de transport collectif." Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2006/50376-2006-Ould_Sidi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis doctoral thesis contributes to the implementation of a decision support system for the traffic control in the disrupted transport networks, aiming to help the developers of these networks to dissipate the disturbances which can appear and degrade the quality of services offered to the travellers. This report is consisted of four chapters. It begins with a bibliographical study on the management of collective transport networks. So, we approach the various problems related to transport systems, to processes planning and regulation. The second chapter presents various models attributed to the multimodal transport systems such as those based on the theory of graphs, on multi-agents systems, and on Petri nets. We also propose a new mathematical formulation of the problem of regulation and a help module to the generation and to the evaluation of the regulation strategies. This module is constituted with four sub-modules; each one realizes a very precise task: the evaluation of impact of disturbances and the actions of regulation on the state of the traffic, the determination of the spatiotemporal horizon of regulation, the generation of practicable decisions and their construction. Four evolutionary-fuzzy approaches proposed for the resolution of this problem are presented in the chapter 3. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the results of the implemented of approaches and methods proposed through the tests of simulation, to evaluate their performances on some real scenarios of different natural disturbances and stemming from the transport network of our industrial partner of the SART project : the SEMURVAL
Tchappi, haman Igor. "Dynamic Multilevel and Holonic Model for the Simulation of a Large-Scale Complex System with Spatial Environment : Application to Road Traffic Simulation." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCA004.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, with the emergence of connected objects and cars, road traffic systems become more and more complex and exhibit hierarchical behaviours at several levels of detail. The multilevel modeling approach is an appropriate approach to represent traffic from several perspectives. Multilevel models are also an appropriate approach to model large-scale complex systems such as road traffic. However, most of the multilevel models of traffic proposed in the literature are static because they use a set of predefined levels of detail and these representations cannot change during simulation. Moreover, these multilevel models generally consider only two levels of detail. Few works have been interested on the dynamic multilevel traffic modeling.This thesis proposes a holonic multilevel and dynamic traffic model for large scale traffic systems. The dynamic switching of the levels of detail during the execution of the simulation allows to adapt the model to the constraints related to the quality of the results or to the available computing resources.The proposal extends the DBSCAN algorithm in the context of holonic multi-agent systems. In addition, a methodology allowing a dynamic transition between the different levels of detail is proposed. Multilevel indicators based on standard deviation are also proposed in order to assess the consistency of the simulation results
Fisco, Stefano. "Modelling of decentral DHW preparation in large multi-family buildings." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18295/.
Повний текст джерелаZgaya, Hayfa. "Conception et optimisation distribuée d'un système d'information d'aide à la mobilité urbaine : Une approche multi-agent pour la recherche et la composition des services liés au transport." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00160802.
Повний текст джерелаCes travaux de recherche visent à mettre en œuvre un Système d'Information de Transport Multimodal (SITM) pour optimiser la gestion de flux des requêtes utilisateurs qui peuvent être nombreuses et simultanées. Dans ce cas, le SITM doit pouvoir procéder par des processus de décomposition des requêtes simultanées en un ensemble de tâches indépendantes. Chaque tâche correspond à un service qui peut être proposé par plusieurs fournisseurs d'information, en concurrence, avec différents couts, formats et temps de réponse. Un fournisseur d'information voulant proposer ses services via le SITM, doit d'abord y enregistrer son système d'information, en assumant la responsabilité des aspects juridiques et qualitatifs de ses données. Le SITM est donc lié à un Réseau informatique Etendu et distribué de Transport Multimodal (RETM) qui comporte plusieurs sources d'information hétérogènes des différents services proposés aux utilisateurs de transport.
L'aspect dynamique, distribué et ouvert du problème, nous a conduits à adopter une modélisation multi-agent pour assurer au système une évolution continue et une flexibilité pragmatique. Le système multi-agent proposé s'appuie sur les métaheuristiques pour la recherche et la composition des services; la recherche des services se base sur le paradigme Agent Mobile (AM) utilisant un algorithme d'optimisation dynamique de construction des Plans De Routes (PDR). Cette première étape d'optimisation prépare les parcours des AMs en prenant en considération l'état du RETM. La composition des services utilise les algorithmes évolutionnistes pour optimiser les réponses en termes de coût et de temps, sachant qu'une réponse à une requête utilisateur ne doit pas dépasser un temps maximum autorisé et qu'un utilisateur cherche toujours à avoir le meilleur rapport qualité prix pour les services qu'il demande.
Enfin, le SITM prend en considération les éventuelles perturbations sur le RETM (pannes, goulets d'étranglements, etc.) pour satisfaire les requêtes utilisateurs dans tous les cas de figure. Dans ce contexte, nous avons créé un protocole de négociation entre les agents mobiles et les agents responsables des choix des fournisseurs d'information pour les services demandés, ces agents sont appelés agents Ordonnanceurs. Le protocole proposé dépasse les limites d'une communication agent traditionnelle, ce qui nous a incités à associer au système une ontologie flexible qui permet d'automatiser les différents types d'échanges entre les agents grâce à un vocabulaire approprié.
Les résultats expérimentaux présentés dans cette thèse justifient l'utilisation du paradigme agent mobile dans notre système qui remplace parfaitement bien les paradigmes classiques telle que l'architecture client/serveur. Les simulations présentées montrent différents scénarios de gestion d'un nombre des requêtes simultanées plus ou moins important. En effet, quelque soit le nombre de requêtes utilisateurs formulées pendant un court laps de temps , le système se charge de leur décomposition, de l'identification des services demandés et des fournisseurs d'information susceptibles d'y répondre.
Malevich, Steven Brewster, and Steven Brewster Malevich. "Cool-Season Moisture Delivery and Multi-Basin Streamflow Anomalies in the Western United States." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624160.
Повний текст джерелаAlonso, Belen Maria. "Analyse des tâches mono et multi-opérateurs du contrôle aérien par le formalisme MAD pour la spécification ergonomique de l'interface." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05H045.
Повний текст джерелаExploitation of data from task analysis for interface specification is a problem in ergonomics. The ergonomist can choose the model or method he or she wants to apply to the task analysis, but the problem is to make explicit the transfer of data from task analysis to ergonomic interface specification. Many task description methods lack a methodology relative to the steps which are to be used for interface specification. In general, task analysis models or methods focus on the execution of tasks depending on the system used. These limits are due to the fact that task-analysis methodology generally is based on system evaluation through users' execution performance. Furthermore, few task-analysis approaches do take into account collective work aspects. In this thesis, the mad formalism has been used because it allows to take into account these collective work aspects and the cognitive processes wich are used in task execution and are based on users' mental representations ; the formalism was applied on air-traffic control in order to analyse both individual ("mono-user") and collective ("multi-user") tasks. On the basis of mad task descriptions, we wanted to show that it was possible to define treatment steps on the data collected (task descriptions and other task-related data) in order to make explicit the conceptual choices with respect to the interface. Relative to the visual presentation of the functionality based on these conceptual choices, the method proposed makes available ergonomic recommendations allowing the proposal of the interaction interface which is most appropriate to the task characteristics identified previously in the mad task descriptions. In order to execute this method, a selection and classification of ergonomics recommendations has been made in order to establish an easy correspondence between both the task characteristics and the user characteristics with the interaction interface
Leon, Ojeda Luis. "Short-term multi-step ahead traffic forecasting." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT081/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis dissertation falls within the domain of the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In particular, it is concerned with the design of a methodology for the real-time multi-step ahead travel time forecasting using flow and speed measurements from a instrumented freeway. To achieve this objective this thesis develops two main methodologies. The first one, a model-free, uses only speed measurements collected from the freeway, where a mean speed is assumed between two consecutive collection points. The travel time is forecasted using a noise Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) approach. The process noise statistics are computed using an online unbiased estimator, while the observations and their noise statistics are computed using the clustered historical traffic data. Forecasting problems are reformulated as filtering ones through the use of pseudo-observations built from historical data. The second one, a model-based, uses mainly traffic flow measurements. Its main appealing is the use of a mathematical model in order to reconstruct the internal state (density) in small road portions, and consequently exploits the relation between density and speed to forecast the travel time. The methodology uses only boundary conditions as inputs to a switched Luenberger state observer, based on the ``Cell Transmission Model'' (CTM), to estimate the road initial states. The boundary conditions are then forecasted using the AKF developed above. Consequently, the CTM model is run using the initial conditions and the forecasted boundaries in order to obtain the future evolution of densities, speeds, and finally travel time. The added innovation in this approach is the space discretization achieved: indeed, portions of the road, called ``cells'', can be chosen as small as desired and thus allow obtaining a finer tracking of speed variations. In order to validate experimentally the developed methodologies, this thesis uses as study case the Grenoble South Ring. This freeway, enclosing the southern part of the city from A41 to A480, consists of two carriageways with two lanes. For this study only the direction east-west was considered. With a length of about 10.5 km, this direction has 10 on-ramps, 7 off-ramps, and is monitored through the Grenoble Traffic Lab (GTL) that is able to provide reliable traffic data every 15 s, which makes it possible for the forecasting strategies to be validated in real-time. The results show that both methods present strong capabilities for travel time forecasting: considering the entire freeway, in 90% of the cases it was obtained a maximum forecasting error of 25% up to a forecasting horizon of 45 min. Furthermore, both methods perform as good as, or better than, the average historical. In particular, it is obtained that for horizons larger than 45 min, the forecasting depended exclusively on the historical data. For the dataset considered, the assessment study also showed that the model-based approach was more suitable for horizons shorter than 30 min
Wu, Yongqi. "Multi-parameter Fluorescent Analysis of Magnetically Enriched Circulating Tumor Cells." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1408633549.
Повний текст джерелаMejri, Hinda. "Un système d’aide à la régulation d’un réseau de transport multimodal perturbé : réponse au problème de congestion." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ECLI0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаTransport networks have been amplified by the increasing number of vehicles and stations and the emergence of new concepts essentially multimodal and intermodal. Thus, the task of managing public transport systems has become very complex and difficult for regulators.To cope with these difficulties, there is the development of systems decision support as an effective solution to traffic control. They can transmit real-time traffic information on transport networks. Our work is based on designing a control system of multimodal transport networks. It may be as an essential tool for effective solutions and real-time to the problem of traffic congestion. It can provide the necessary information to the user in making its decision to move with or without his car. The proposed system is a hybrid between a graph modeling the network and a multi-agent system. This will be supported by an evolutionary approach for generating an optimal control solution. This is justified by the open, distributed and complex network of multimodal transport
Torres, Calderon Rosa Maria. "Multi-objective environmentally-friendly departure procedures for civil aircraf : modeling, optimization and robustness assessment." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU30320.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph. D. Work introduces the MCDP (Multi-Criteria Departure Procedure) concept, the aim of which is to optimize civil aircraft departure procedures in order to minimize their environmental impact, mainly represented by noise, local air quality and greenhouse gas emissions. It is not possible to determine a single departure procedure minimizing the three objectives simultaneously. Therefore, the concept is modeled as a multi-objective, constrained optimization problem. The MADS direct search optimization technique is used to obtain the Pareto optimal departure procedures associated with this problem. Robustness indicators have then been built to determine the impact of uncertainty on the Pareto front. Application to Airbus aircraft of the methodologies developed shows the potential interest of optimizing the departure phase in terms of environmental benefits
Mukka, Santosh Kumar. "Computation of fluid circulation in a cryogenic storage tank and heat transfer analysis during jet impingement." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001103.
Повний текст джерелаWortham, Cimarron James Lemuel IV. "A multi-dimensional spectral description of ocean variability with applications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79296.
Повний текст джерела"February 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 175-184).
Efforts to monitor the ocean for signs of climate change are hampered by ever-present noise, in the form of stochastic ocean variability, and detailed knowledge of the character of this noise is necessary for estimating the significance of apparent trends. Typically, uncertainty estimates are made by a variety of ad hoc methods, often based on numerical model results or the variability of the data set being analyzed. We provide a systematic approach based on the four-dimensional frequency-wavenumber spectrum of low-frequency ocean variability. This thesis presents an empirical model of the spectrum of ocean variability for periods between about 20 days and 15 years and wavelengths of about 200-10,000 km, and describes applications to ocean circulation trend detection, observing system design, and satellite data processing. The horizontal wavenumber-frequency part of the model spectrum is based on satellite altimetry, current meter data, moored temperature records, and shipboard ADCP data. The spectrum is dominated by motions along a "nondispersive line". The observations considered are consistent with a universal [omega] -² power law at the high end of the frequency range, but inconsistent with a universal wavenumber power law. The model spectrum is globally varying and accounts for changes in dominant phase speed, period, and wavelength with location. The vertical structure of the model spectrum is based on numerical model results, current meter data, and theoretical considerations. We find that the vertical structure of kinetic energy is surface intensified relative to the simplest theoretical predictions. We present a theory for the interaction of linear Rossby waves with rough topography; rough topography can explain both the observed phase speeds and vertical structure of variability. The improved description of low-frequency ocean variability presented here will serve as a useful tool for future oceanographic studies.
by Cimarron James Lemuel Wortham, IV.
Ph.D.