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1
Staggenborg, Suzanne, and Verta Taylor. "Whatever Happened to The Women's Movement?" Mobilization: An International Quarterly 10, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.10.1.46245r7082613312.
Анотація:
Analyses of the women's movement that focus on its "waves" and theories of social movements that focus on contentious politics have encouraged the view that the women's movement is in decline. Employing alternative perspectives on social movements, we show that the women's movement continues to thrive. This is evidenced by organizational maintenance and growth, including the international expansion of women's movement organizations; feminism within institutions and other social movements; the spread of feminist culture and collective identity; and the variety of the movement's tactical repertoires. Moreover, the movement remains capable of contentious collective action. We argue for research based on broader conceptions of social movements as well as the contentious politics approach.
2
Pourmokhtari, Navid. "Understanding Iran’s Green Movement as a ‘movement of movements’." Sociology of Islam 2, no. 3-4 (June 10, 2014): 144–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00204004.
Анотація:
This paper examines how oppositional groups go about exploiting opportunities to mobilizeen massein settings that are less than auspicious. The Green Movement is used here as a case study, the aim of which is to show that understanding how a people go about mobilizing requires, first and foremost, examining the core beliefs that motivate them toseize opportunitieswhen conditions allow. To this end, a constructivist approach will be used to demonstrate that it was the oppositional forces that took a proactive role in constructing opportunities to mobilize becausethey perceivedthe circumstances to be favorable, which suggests that greater attention ought to be focused on the sociopolitical and historical context within which a given situation is viewed as conducive to mass mobilization. Citing the examples of the student and women’s groups involved in Iran’s Green Movement, and tracing their historical trajectories and particular experiences during Ahmadinejad’s first term (2004–2008), I argue that the Green Movement may be best described as a ‘movement of movements,’ the kind of mega social movement capable of harnessing the potential, not only of Iranians but of other Middle East peoples, to mobilize with a view to pursuing specific social and political goals. This approach has the virtue of offeringa way to understandspecific traits of social movements operating in repressive settings.
3
Dr.R.B.Patil, Dr R. B. Patil. "Environmental Movements: A Case Study of Anti-Meta Strips Movement." Global Journal For Research Analysis 3, no. 2 (June 15, 2012): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/february2014/68.
4
Panchenko, Alexander. "New Religious Movements and the Study of Folklore: The Russian Case." Folklore: Electronic Journal of Folklore 28 (2004): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.7592/fejf2004.28.movement.
5
Khan, Numan, Waqar Ali Khan, and Mian Sohail Ahmad. "Social Movements in Hybrid Regimes: The Rise of PTM in Pakistan." Global Sociological Review IX, no. I (March 30, 2024): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gsr.2024(ix-i).07.
Анотація:
Scholars have ignored regime type as a crucial element affecting social movement mobilization due to political opportunity structures. Even little is known about hybrid regimes and disputes. Understanding social movement's hidden or unintentional repercussions is another gap. This study uses the Pashtun Tahafuz (protection) Movement (PTM) of Pakistan to address this academic gap by studying social movements under hybrid regimes like Pakistan. The research finds that dual (emanating from both the military and political organs of the state) and haphazard repression by a hybrid regime, characterized by military dominance and limited political opportunity structure, can temporarily slow social movement mobilization but not stop it. In the long term, the movement becomes stronger and mobilizes against the state. As a result of its mobilization and advancement, a social movement under such a regime may also affect other social movements.
6
Reayat, Nauman, Anwar-ul-Mujahid Shah, and Usman Ali. "Interplay of Two Socio-Political Movements: Khudai Khidmatgar Movement and Independence Movement." Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 19, no. 3 (October 2016): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5782/2223-2621.2016.19.3.19.
Анотація:
Khudai Khidmatgar Movement was an important historical movement which mobilized the polity in a bottom-up direction to awaken the people living in the then North Western Province and today's province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was a transformational and charismatic leader. He educated common people about non-violence as a tool for organization and accomplishment of designed objectives. The essence of whole movement was rooted in the religion Islam which is interesting against the background of inspiration drawn by Pushtuns nationalists for the legitimacy of their narratives. This work throws new light on historical legacy of Khudai Khidmatgar Movement led by Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan from a leadership perspective through historical comparative method. A new insight will be made to dig out various methods adopted by the leadership of the movement to gain the legitimacy of the movement and which had roots in religious text.
7
Hintjens, Helen. "Appreciating the Movement of the Movements." Development in Practice 16, no. 6 (November 2006): 628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09614520600958355.
8
Rosset, Peter, María Elena Martínez-Torres, and Luis Hernández-Navarro. "Zapatismo in the Movement of Movements." Development 48, no. 2 (June 2005): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.development.1100139.
9
Krause, Peter. "The Structure of Success: How the Internal Distribution of Power Drives Armed Group Behavior and National Movement Effectiveness." International Security 38, no. 3 (January 2014): 72–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/isec_a_00148.
Анотація:
When and why do national movements succeed? What explains variation in the use and effectiveness of political violence employed by nationalist groups? Groups pursue common strategic goals against external enemies, such as the founding of a new state, while engaging in zero-sum competition for organizational dominance with internal rivals in their national movement. The distribution of power within a national movement provides its structure, which serves as the key variable for both the internal and external struggle. The hierarchical position of groups within the movement drives their actions, while the number of significant groups in the movement drives its effectiveness. Contrary to existing scholarship that treats nonstate coercers as unitary or suggests that united or fragmented movements perform best, hegemonic movements with one significant group are most likely to succeed. Hegemonic movement structure incentivizes the pursuit of shared strategic goals; reduces counterproductive violent mechanisms and foreign meddling; and improves the movement's coherence in strategy, clarity in signaling, and credibility in threats and assurances to yield strategic success. Analysis of seventeen campaigns involving sixteen groups within the Palestinian and Algerian national movements reveals that the power distribution theory explains greater variation in the effectiveness of national movements than previous scholarship.
10
Pereira, Shane. "A New Religious Movement in Singapore: Syncretism and Variation in the Sathya Sai Baba Movement." Asian Journal of Social Science 36, no. 2 (2008): 250–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853108x298699.
Анотація:
AbstractThis ethnographic study of the Sathya Sai Baba Movement in Singapore situates itself within the sociological study of New Religious Movements (NRMs). Studies on the expansion of “cults” and NRMs are well documented, but little has been done to explore how such movements proceed after the initial foothold has been established in the host country. Patterns of interaction with the highly plural socio-ethnic and religious elements that exist in multicultural nations, as in Singapore, and the attendant social implications have not been sufficiently addressed. The Sai Baba movement preaches and practises ethno-religious ecumenism and allow adherents to maintain the religious affiliations and practices of their parent or current religion. This paper explores the nature of the Sathya Sai Baba Movement's religious framework and its apparent success in pluralistic Singapore by studying the impact of syncretism and ritual variations on the identity of the movement.
11
NIAKOOEE, SEYED AMIR. "Exploring the Crisis of the Reform Movement in Iran (1997–2005)." Japanese Journal of Political Science 17, no. 3 (August 12, 2016): 386–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109916000153.
Анотація:
AbstractThe Second Khordad Movement was a democratic social movement in contemporary Iran. Investigation of this movement revealed two images, of flourish and of decline, as the movement was first generally successful until early 2000 and thereafter began to regress from the spring of that year onwards. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive framework in which to examine the reasons behind the movement's failure and regression. To this end, the study utilizes the literature on social movements, especially the political process model, and attempts to explain the initial success and subsequent decline of the movement based on elements such as political opportunity, framing processes, mobilizing structures, and the repertoire of collective action.
12
Rosenthal, Naomi, David McDonald, Michele Ethier, Meryl Fingrutd, and Roberta Karant. "Structural Tensions in The Nineteenth Century Women's Movement." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 2, no. 1 (March 1, 1997): 21–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.2.1.j013483258402309.
Анотація:
The organizational affiliations of four groups of nineteenth century women in New York State provide the basis for an exploration of tensions between local and national level organizations within a social movement. Information about overlapping membership among women's organizations over a period of almost seventy years is used to map the geography of connections between organizations affiliated with the early women's movement and other voluntary groups. In particular, we explore the connections of the movement's organizations to non-insurgent voluntarism in each setting, describing the range and patterning of organizational ties, the factors that determined the movement's niche in each location, and the differential consequences for national and local organizations within the same movement. Based on this analysis, we propose an ecological model of movement heterogeneity, suggesting that organizational niche differences are a significant source of tension in successful social movements.
13
POLLICK, FRANK E., JOSHUA G. HALE, and MARIA TZONEVA-HADJIGEORGIEVA. "PERCEPTION OF HUMANOID MOVEMENT." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 02, no. 03 (September 2005): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984360500048x.
Анотація:
With the ultimate goal of producing natural-looking movements in humanoid robots and virtual humans, we examined the visual perception of movements generated by different models of movement generation. The models of movement generation included 14 synthetic motion generation algorithms based on theories of human motor production. In addition, we obtained motion from recordings of actual human movement. The resulting movements were applied to both a humanoid robot and a computer graphics virtual human. The computational efficiency of the motion production algorithms is described. In Experiment 1, we examined observers' judgments of the naturalness of a movement. Results showed that, for the humanoid robot, low ratings of naturalness were obtained for rapid movement. In addition, it was found that some movements that appeared to have unremarkable naturalness ratings were anomalous examples of the desired movement. In Experiment 2, we used naturalness ratings to study the influence of movement speed on the humanoid robot. Results indicated that the decrease in naturalness was due to motion artifacts at the ends of the movement. In Experiment 3, we returned to the issue of anomalous movements by obtaining ratings of similarity between pairs of movements, and analyzing these with multi-dimensional scaling to obtain a psychological space representation of the set of movements. Results showed that the presumed anomalous movements were indeed distinctive from the other movements, suggesting that the naturalness judgments did not completely indicate the perception of movement. We discuss these results in the context of what they suggest for the relative effectiveness of the different generation algorithms at producing natural movement, and their relative computational efficiency, as well as in terms of the effectiveness of different psychological techniques for the assessment of humanoid movement.
14
Hoffmann, Errol R., Alan H. S. Chan, and P. T. Heung. "Head Rotation Movement Times." Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, no. 6 (March 24, 2017): 986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720817701000.
Анотація:
Objective: The aim of this study was to measure head rotation movement times in a Fitts’ paradigm and to investigate the transition region from ballistic movements to visually controlled movements as the task index of difficulty (ID) increases. Background: For head rotation, there are gaps in the knowledge of the effects of movement amplitude and task difficulty around the critical transition region from ballistic movements to visually controlled movements. Method: Under the conditions of 11 ID values (from 1.0 to 6.0) and five movement amplitudes (20° to 60°), participants performed a head rotation task, and movement times were measured. Results: Both the movement amplitude and task difficulty have effects on movement times at low IDs, but movement times are dependent only on ID at higher ID values. Movement times of participants are higher than for arm/hand movements, for both ballistic and visually controlled movements. The information-processing rate of head rotational movements, at high ID values, is about half that of arm movements. Conclusion: As an input mode, head rotations are not as efficient as the arm system either in ability to use rapid ballistic movements or in the rate at which information may be processed. Application: The data of this study add to those in the review of Hoffmann for the critical IDs of different body motions. The data also allow design for the best arrangement of display that is under the design constraints of limited display area and difficulty of head-controlled movements in a data-inputting task.
15
Sandell, Rickard. "Organizational Growth and Ecological Constraints: The Growth of Social Movements in Sweden, 1881 to 1940." American Sociological Review 66, no. 5 (October 2001): 672–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000312240106600503.
Анотація:
Based on the theoretical framework of organizational ecology, it is suggested that social movement organizations are inert structures that rarely exceed their initial size. The ecological concept of organizational growth is tested using membership data for Sweden from 1881 to 1940 for virtually all local social movement organizations (29,193 organizations) in three major social movements: the temperance, free church, and trade union movements. Findings show that the organizations in two of the movements have average growth trajectories approximating zero. The ecological argument is then expanded to include information on the movements’ organizational niches and intra- and intermovement density development. After controlling for the local organization's initial size, findings reveal that the remaining variation in aggregate membership is more likely to depend on population and niche dynamics (which organizational ecologists focus on) than on the capacity of the movement's local organizations to expand. These findings are consistent for all three Swedish movements. The ecological argument and the findings presented here are contrary to almost all research on social movements, which takes for granted that social movement organizations are necessarily capable of individual growth.
16
Mahayasa, Dias Pabyantara Swandita. "Nudity as Strategy: Examining Femen Sextremism Ideology to Weaponize Women’s Body." JUSS (Jurnal Sosial Soedirman) 6, no. 1 (March 28, 2023): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/juss.v6i1.8384.
Анотація:
In the age of the new wave feminism movement, Femen stood out to be one of the heavily discussed topics of women's movements due to its controversial protest strategy. They are one of few feminist movements that utilize, or in their terms, weaponize, the naked body to deliver a political message. It generates various backlash, upon which they are accused of perpetuating western biased standards of beauty and marginalizing non-white women's experience. Despite the controversy, they gained international recognition from the birth of the movement in 2009 until recently. We explore the matters by examining the enabling factors supporting the global movement to endure the controversy over the last decade. We conclude that two factors play a crucial role in the movement's sustainability. First, how they encapsulate and translate the sextremism ideology into firm action. Second, Femen has developed a firm, organized, yet fluid social movement by establishing strong informal ties through soldier-like training.
17
Evans, Peter. "The “Movement of Movements” for Global Justice." Contexts 6, no. 3 (August 2007): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2007.6.3.62.
Анотація:
Globalization from Below: Transnational Activists and Political Networks by Donatella della Porta, Massimiliano Andretta, Lorenzo Mosca, and Herbert Reiter University of Minnesota Press, 2006, 300 pages.
18
Cox, Benjamin C., Massimo Cincotta, and Alberto J. Espay. "Mirror Movements in Movement Disorders: A Review." Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements 2 (April 16, 2012): 02. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/tohm.113.
19
McGlotten, Shaka Paul. "SEXUAL POLITICS MEETS THE MOVEMENT OF MOVEMENTS." Cultural Studies 27, no. 4 (July 2013): 653–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2013.779736.
20
Fooken, Jolande, Kathryn Lalonde, and Miriam Spering. "When hand movements improve eye movement performance." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (September 1, 2016): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.374.
21
Swanston, M. "Interaction of induced movement and eye movements." Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics 14, no. 4 (October 1994): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0275-5408(94)90188-0.
22
Orban de Xivry, Jean-Jacques, Valéry Legrain, and Philippe Lefèvre. "Overlap of movement planning and movement execution reduces reaction time." Journal of Neurophysiology 117, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00728.2016.
Анотація:
Motor planning is the process of preparing the appropriate motor commands in order to achieve a goal. This process has largely been thought to occur before movement onset and traditionally has been associated with reaction time. However, in a virtual line bisection task we observed an overlap between movement planning and execution. In this task performed with a robotic manipulandum, we observed that participants ( n = 30) made straight movements when the line was in front of them (near target) but often made curved movements when the same target was moved sideways (far target, which had the same orientation) in such a way that they crossed the line perpendicular to its orientation. Unexpectedly, movements to the far targets had shorter reaction times than movements to the near targets (mean difference: 32 ms, SE: 5 ms, max: 104 ms). In addition, the curvature of the movement modulated reaction time. A larger increase in movement curvature from the near to the far target was associated with a larger reduction in reaction time. These highly curved movements started with a transport phase during which accuracy demands were not taken into account. We conclude that an accuracy demand imposes a reaction time penalty if processed before movement onset. This penalty is reduced if the start of the movement consists of a transport phase and if the movement plan can be refined with respect to accuracy demands later in the movement, hence demonstrating an overlap between movement planning and execution. NEW & NOTEWORTHY In the planning of a movement, the brain has the opportunity to delay the incorporation of accuracy requirements of the motor plan in order to reduce the reaction time by up to 100 ms (average: 32 ms). Such shortening of reaction time is observed here when the first phase of the movement consists of a transport phase. This forces us to reconsider the hypothesis that motor plans are fully defined before movement onset.
23
McNeill, Warrick. "The Movement movement." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 21, no. 3 (July 2017): 725–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2017.06.017.
24
Aksa, Aksa. "Gerakan Islam Transnasional: Sebuah Nomenklatur, Sejarah dan Pengaruhnya di Indonesia." Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/yupa.v1i1.86.
Анотація:
Transnational Islamic movement is a terminology that belongs in the new academic study. The term has become a ' nomenclature ' is generally understood as an ideology that crosses state boundaries (nation state). The emergence of transnational Islamic movement's lively lately is part of an Islamic revival and renewal of an era that grew in the Middle East since the 18th century. The post-war collapse of the Caliphate based in Ottoman Turkey in 1924, the movement has found the right momentum by forming new forces in conducting resistance against colonialism and imperialism of the West. Presence of transnational Islamic movement in Indonesia is part of the revivalism Islamic movement in the Middle East that directly make effect against the pattern of Islam in Indonesia. Transmission lines the ideas of this movement through the social movements, education and publications
25
Tovey, Hilary. "‘Messers, Visionaries and Organobureaucrats’: Dilemmas of Institutionalisation in the Irish Organic Farming Movement." Irish Journal of Sociology 9, no. 1 (May 1999): 31–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/079160359900900102.
Анотація:
This paper asks what happens to ‘alternative’ social movements like the Irish organic farming movement, which try to promote sustainable forms of rural development, when they begin to be incorporated into state policy for farming and the countryside. Does this provide a context in which farming and the food industry can begin to be ‘restructured from below’, or does it lead instead to ‘deradicalisation’ of the movement and its ideas? The European literature on ‘new’ or alternative social movements has focused more on mobilisation of such movements than on processes of institutionalisation and their effects. Yet institutionalisation is often experienced by movement members themselves as a critical, even highly divisive development, which can result in severe damage to the movement's core ideology and values. The Irish case discussed here is a starting point from which we may develop a more general understanding of the increasing institutionalisation of environmentalism in the contemporary developed world.
26
BRUNIA, C., and E. DAMEN. "Timing of movements: Slow potentials related to movement preparation and information about movement timing." Behavioural Brain Research 26, no. 2-3 (November 1987): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0166-4328(87)90175-6.
27
Behera, Anshuman. "People’s Movement under a Revolutionary Brand: Understanding The Maoist Movement in Odisha." Millennial Asia 11, no. 2 (August 2020): 211–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0976399620925442.
Анотація:
A dominant narrative understands the Maoist movement in Odisha as a spillover effect from the neighbouring state of Andhra Pradesh. On the contrary, the Maoist movement in Odisha can be well understood through the resistance movements led by the communists, tribals, peasants and the labourers. Along with these movements, the Maoists in Odisha have evolved through many forms and shades. While the Maoist movement in Odisha, in its present form, claims to have brought together multiple people’s movements under its brand fold, many of these movements continue to be functioning without any link with the Maoists. Despite their independence in nature, these people’s movements are mostly engaged with and understood through the prism of the Maoists. The process of linking the people’s movements with the Maoists converts the ‘social’ aspects of the issues, grievances and demands to ‘security’ centric. Drawing from such understandings of the people’s movements and their interactions with the Maoists, the article critically engages with the Maoist movement in Odisha. A major objective of the article is to identify issues and contenders around people’s movements and the process through which they interact with the Maoists.
28
Kurube, Noriko. "Self-Help in a Tradition of Popular Movements - the Swedish Link Movement." Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs 15, no. 4 (August 1998): 197–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/145507259801500408.
Анотація:
The first Link Society was set up in 1945 in response to the intensive development of institutional care in Sweden. The Society was based on the working-class ideology of self-help as opposed to social engineering: the argument was that the only people who really understood alcohol abuse and who could resolve the problems of alcohol abuse were alcoholics themselves, not the scientists behind the social engineering or the temperance people. At the time that it was being formed the Link movement was very much influenced by the so-called Oxford group movement. As the movement's ideology took shape in subsequent years, the AA movement was a major influence. The Link movement's seven-point programme closely follows the AA's Twelve Steps, but the spiritual element has been replaced by the kind of profane solidarity that is typical of Swedish popular movements. The Link movement has thus extended the principle of solidarity from classical popular movements to a category of individual deviance. Primarily for reasons that had to do with securing adequate funding, the Link Society decided from the outset to follow the same principles of organization as govern Swedish associations in general: it has formal criteria for membership and the right to vote, detailed rules for decision-making and it adheres firmly to the majority rule for internal democracy. As a consequence of this the movement has undergone several organizational conflicts and breakups. Today, the movement is divided into several rival organizations, but it seems that all of them have remained viable. Over the years half of the associations involved in the Link movement have become more and more bureaucratic and evolved into interest organizations that are now incorporated into the political decision-making apparatus. The other half of the movement has opted to remain independent of the state, underlining its role as a self-help group with relatively loose organizational structures of grassroots democracy.
29
Riza, Faisal. "Echoing Syari'ah in City Spaces: The Framing Process and Political Mobilization of the Islamic Movement in North Sumatra." Ulumuna 27, no. 1 (June 12, 2023): 65–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v27i1.610.
Анотація:
This article discusses the Islamic political movement in fighting for sharia as an ethic of life in urban areas in Indonesia. In a more detailed manner, this article explores the idea of sharia as the main ingredient in the framing process and explores the movement's strategy to resonate with this frame, which then opens up opportunities for the formation of a wave of support for serial movement actions in Medan, North Sumatra. With the framing model in social movement studies, the data was collected from observations and interviews with several movement actors, and several supporting documents. This study found that the idea of this movements such as “Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Bersyari’ah” (Indonesia Nation State based on Sharia) which is close to the social psychology of the masses met with the right events to generate great support for the movement. The ability of the elites to concoct the movement ideas, and the management of social media to spread such framing, made a mass wave of supporters strengthen. The struggle for sharia in the public space played by the movement here basically does not have a clear political agenda unless, temporarily, it is used only in electoral momentum, resonating as an expressive channel of the defeat against other groups in controlling the city's political economy space. Here, I argue that the study of ideology in social movements requires an expansion of dimensions that can explain more fully why a movement immediately grows or shrinks briefly or lasts a long time.
30
Kane, Melinda. "Social Movement Policy Success: Decriminalizing State Sodomy Laws, 1969–1998." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 8, no. 3 (October 1, 2003): 313–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.8.3.q66046w34wu58866.
Анотація:
This study provides an event history analysis of the factors contributing to a social movement's ability to influence pubic policy. More specifically, the study presents a quantitative, historical examination of the influence of national, state, and local gay and lesbian movements on the decriminalization of state sodomy laws, an important goal of the movement, from 1969 to 1998. Drawing from political opportunity models, resource mobilization theory, and theories of cultural opportunity, the study explores the importance of political conditions, social movement characteristics, and the larger cultural context on the ability of the gay and lesbian movement to achieve its goals. The analyses demonstrate that all three factors have some influence on the likelihood of sodomy law decriminalization, but most importantly, political opportunity and movement characteristics work together to bring about success. During periods of political opportunity, the size and tactics of the lesbian and gay movement influenced the likelihood of success.
31
Jung, Jai. "Disentangling Protest Cycles: An Event-History Analysis of New Social Movements in Western Europe." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 15, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.15.1.86260543m3110705.
Анотація:
The theory of protest cycles has informed us that the external political environment and the internal competition among social movement organizations are distinct elements leading to the emergence, development, and decline of popular protest. This theory, however, has not been examined systematically. I conduct an event-history analysis to test and refine the theory of protest cycles using a well-known new social movement event dataset. While proposing a general way of operationalizing the core concepts in social movement studies, I show that political opportunity only matters during the initial phase of social movement mobilization, rather than throughout the movement's lifespan. What explains declining frequencies of protest occurrence during the demobilization phase is the joint effect of two internal factors: the institutionalization of social movements and the growing violence during protests.
32
LaRue, Jacques. "Initial Learning of Timing in Combined Serial Movements and a No-Movement Situation." Music Perception 22, no. 3 (2005): 509–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2005.22.3.509.
Анотація:
We investigate differences in timing errors in a task that imitated the movement sequence of a cello player. We trained a group of 17 young adults to perform a sequence of linear reversal movements of different lengths but with a constant movement time. Thus, each segment required the movement speed to be changed. The sequence had to be performed with fluidity, except for a �no-movement� segment that was embedded in the movement series. Feedback on timing was given for each segment. Results from this experiment show that the no-movement segment is more variable than any of the movement segments. There was no significant correlation between the timing errors of the successive movements and the timing error of the pause. These results provide further evidence in favor of two distinct timing processes: one used for continuous movements and one used for no-movement and discontinuous movements.
33
Wang, Chang Yuan, Bing Yao, Hong Zhe Bi, and Hong Bo Jia. "The Vestibular System Modeling in the Head and Eye Movement Research." Advanced Materials Research 605-607 (December 2012): 2434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.605-607.2434.
Анотація:
Head and eye movement is eye movement response to head movements ,the eyes are the signals generated by the vestibular system is movement.The vestibular system is important to feel the organs and tissues of the body movement,Can be said that the vestibular system response to head movement, eye movement associated with the vestibule.We can use eye movements comparing with normal eye movements to detect whether the dizziness,in this process the modeling of the vestibular system is very important.Paper summarizes the response of head and eye movement system, vestibular system in the head and eye movement systems vestibular system exercise and Research at home and abroad, raised modeling method of the head and eye movement system when turn the head.
34
Stobaugh, James E., and Sean Huss. "Before the Court and in the Press: Newspaper Coverage of Creationism and School Prayer Movements' Legal Framing." Studies in Media and Communication 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2024): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i2.6636.
Анотація:
During the last century, social movement organizations have mobilized around what role religion should play in school. These struggles have focused on teaching creationism and evolution in the science classroom and the appropriateness of school prayer and Bible reading in public schools. Court cases like Scopes and Engel are infamous in American history, while others are much less well-known. This project explores media coverage of social movements that do not engage in typical protest activity and instead choose to operate in more institutional contexts. This paper will begin by presenting the coverage patterns of each movement across the twentieth century, illustrating how the media's focus is primarily influenced by movements either initiating legal action, being compelled to appear in court, or reacting to judicial proceedings. Next, it will present a typology of coverage that these legal-based movements received. A movement's legal framing is carried in and through the media, and sometimes, the framing is all that is reflected in media attention, making this type of reporting so attractive to movement organizations. The legal constraints over framing and legitimate actors account for some of the media exposure, which was likely to be equitable in tone and quantity to both the creationism and school prayer movements. To understand media coverage of social movements, scholars must begin to account for the cycles and patterns of coverage likely to occur when a movement ends up in court.
35
Taylor, Jordan A., and Kurt A. Thoroughman. "Divided Attention Impairs Human Motor Adaptation But Not Feedback Control." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 1 (July 2007): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01070.2006.
Анотація:
When humans experience externally induced errors in a movement, the motor system's feedback control compensates for those errors within the movement. The motor system's predictive control then uses information about those errors to inform future movements. The role of attention in these two distinct motor processes is unclear. Previous experiments have revealed a role for attention in motor learning over the course of many movements; however, these experimental paradigms do not determine how attention influences within-movement feedback control versus across-movement adaptation. Here we develop a dual-task paradigm, consisting of movement and audio tasks, which can differentiate and expose attention's role in these two processes of motor control. Over the course of several days, subjects performed horizontal reaching movements, with and without the audio task; movements were occasionally subjected to transient force perturbations. On movements with a force perturbation, subjects compensated for the force-induced movement errors, and on movements immediately after the force perturbation subjects exhibited adaptation. On every movement trial, subjects performed a two-tone frequency-discrimination task. The temporal specificity of the frequency-discrimination task allowed us to divide attention within and across movements. We find that divided attention did not impair the within-movement feedback control of the arm, but did reduce subsequent movement adaptation. We suggest that the secondary task interfered with the encoding and transformation of errors into changes in predictive control.
36
Luna, Zakiya. "WHO SPEAKS FOR WHOM? (MIS) REPRESENTATION AND AUTHENTICITY IN SOCIAL MOVEMENTS*." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 435–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/1086-671x-22-4-435.
Анотація:
While many social movement studies mention the idea of authenticity, few consider the authentication processes in movements. This article examines how authenticity challenges manifest in different arenas of movement/countermovement struggles. Through a qualitative analysis of minority organizations engaged in an abortion debate, I focus on how racial minorities demonstrate authenticity to legitimate their ability to represent their community's views on abortion. I argue that both sides engage in proximity practices that emphasize their movement's congruence while pointing to perceived incongruence of the opposition. After demonstrating how these practices are used in three arenas, I suggest areas for researchers to examine in future studies on minorities in movements and beyond.
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Olson, Laura R. "Movement Commitment among Progressive and Conservative Religio-Political Activists in the United States." Politics and Religion 9, no. 2 (April 20, 2016): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048316000249.
Анотація:
AbstractIn this article, I compare progressive and conservative religio-political activists' commitment to their movements (the religious left and right, respectively). I rely on data from the Public Religion Research Institute's 2009 surveys of individuals they identified as religious left activists and religious right activists. Do these activists actually say they identify with the movement with which pollsters assume them to affiliate? How potentially influential do they perceive their movements to be? Third, to what extent do activists support their movement's core social movement organizations? I conclude by arguing that the evidence is mixed that the American religious left lacks influence because its activists tend not to be unified.
38
Jeong, Boyeong. "A Critical Discourse Analysis of Minimum Wage Politics in South Korea: Framing Strategies of the Minimum Wage Movement and Changes in Institutional Discourse." Korean Association of Cultural Studies 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2024): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.38185/kjcs.2024.12.1.5.
Анотація:
This study examines the social movement's framing strategy and the changing discourse of the institution through the case of the minimum wage movement. The discourse politics of the minimum wage began in earnest in the 2000s and has continuously changed. Social movement organizations, especially the newly emerging labor movements have been actively producing new framings related to the minimum wage. Through the framing of ‘the minimum wage is the youth wage,’ the Youth Union has made the minimum wage a important social agenda connecting the issue with the precariousness of youth generation. The Part-time Workers’ Union’s ‘minimum wage into 10,000 won’ restructured the existing minimum wage discourse through a progressive framing, stimulating the formation of public opinion necessary for a sharp increase. However, the minimum wage movement failed to respond to the rapidly growing number of people opposing the increases. As a result, the impetus for raising the minimum wage was lost. Through the analysis, it was confirmed that the frames dispute with each other and are ultimately adopted among social movement sector. Institutional discourse acts as an environment that constrains social movements when they construct framing strategies, but social movements can change existing discourse even within these constraints.
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Sriyadi, Sriyadi. "The Choreography of Bedhaya Gandakusuma Dance with Mangkunegaran Style: The Study of Movement Patterns." Jurnal Seni Tari 12, no. 1 (July 26, 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jst.v12i1.65265.
Анотація:
Movement patterns in Javanese dance works are formed from types of movement series constructed to become a unified whole. This series of movements is often called a motion motif, a motion range, or sekaran. A series of movements can be likened to a puzzle arranged in such a way as to form a unified whole. This article aims to describe the movement patterns of the Bedhaya Gandakusuma dance with Mangkunegaran style. This description is essential to know the construction of the movement pattern used. This research is a form of qualitative research with an ethnochoreological approach. Data collection techniques used are participant observation, interviews, and literature study. The results show that the construction of the Bedhaya Gandakusuma dance movement patterns consists of elements of gesture and movement that become the basic material in the arrangement of each series of movements. In the arrangement process, it is tied with a motif or a basic movement as a unifying thread. The basic movement is a series of ngenceng movements. It means that the series of ngenceng movements become the foundation in various variations of the series of movements used. The series of movements are connected by using transition movements (sendhi). The movement patterns construction of the Bedhaya Gandakusuma dance not only considers motifs, variations, and transitions but also considers repetition, climax, proportion, logical development, and unity. The purpose is to achieve wholeness to give vitality in conveying the meaning or essence being expressed.
40
Wang, Dan J., Hayagreeva Rao, and Sarah A. Soule. "Crossing Categorical Boundaries: A Study of Diversification by Social Movement Organizations." American Sociological Review 84, no. 3 (May 10, 2019): 420–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122419846111.
Анотація:
When do protest organizations borrow issues or claims that are outside their traditional domains? Sociologists have examined the consequences of borrowing claims across movement boundaries, but not the antecedents of doing so. We argue that movement boundaries are strong when there is consensus about the core claims of a social movement, which we measure by cohesion and focus. Cohesion and focus enhance the legitimacy of a movement and impede member organizations from adopting claims associated with other movements. Analyzing movement organizational activity at U.S.-based protest events from 1960 to 1995, we find that a social movement organization is less likely to adopt claims from other movements when the social movement in which it is embedded exhibits high cohesion and focus. However, when movement organizations do borrow claims, they are more likely to do so by borrowing from movements that themselves exhibit high cohesion and focus. We describe the application of our findings to organization theory, social movements, and field theoretic approaches to understanding social action.
41
Sudaryanti, Endang Tri, Kusniati Nursika Sahara, and Rohmalina Rohmalina. "MENINGKATKAN MOTORIK KASAR USIA PRASEKOLAH MELALUI GERAKAN TARI PADA KELOMPOK B TK NURANI." CERIA (Cerdas Energik Responsif Inovatif Adaptif) 1, no. 3 (July 31, 2018): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22460/ceria.v1i3.p48-51.
Анотація:
This research is aimed at increasing rough motor on early childhood. At early childhood, There are a lot of developmental aspects that must be stimulated and one of this is the rough motor movement. Children’s rough motor movement is the ability of children in moving using big muscles. Nowadays there are schools that focused more on the smooth motor movement such as writing, cutting and others that is due to factors of parents and demands of calistung (reading, writing, and counting) to enter the basic education unit. Rough motor movements become abandoned, but researcher intended to increase children’s motor movement, not only in smooth motor movement but also rough motor movement. One of the activity to increase children’s rough motor movement is through dance activities for childrens. Through this dance movement, children’s rough motor movement can be stimulated and children is given varied instruction, not only doing basic movements such as jumping, running and others but the childrens are also able to perform other dance movements accompanied with music. Therefore children is not only learning but also able to recognize fun dance movements.
42
Brown, S. H., and J. D. Cooke. "Movement-related phasic muscle activation. I. Relations with temporal profile of movement." Journal of Neurophysiology 63, no. 3 (March 1, 1990): 455–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1990.63.3.455.
Анотація:
1. The role of phasic muscle activation in determining the temporal properties of human arm movements was studied. The experiments show that subjects can modulate the triphasic electromyographic (EMG) pattern to produce movements of varied temporal structures. 2. Subjects performed horizontal forearm movements in which they varied movement accelerations and decelerations. All movements were of the same amplitude, duration, and peak velocity. A phase-plane (velocity vs. position) template of the desired movement was presented to the subject, who had to reproduce the template by appropriate movement of the forearm. 3. The ratio of the durations of acceleration to deceleration (termed the symmetry ratio, SR) was used as a measure of the temporal structure of the movements. Movements with SRs ranging from 0.4 (short acceleration-long deceleration) to 2.0 (long acceleration-short deceleration) were studied. 4. Subjects modulated the components of the triphasic EMG pattern to produce movements with different temporal profiles. As the SR was increased (increasing acceleration duration-decreasing deceleration duration), the following changes occurred: 1) the duration of the initial agonist burst (AG1) increased while its magnitude decreased; 2) the antagonist burst (ANT1) was progressively delayed relative to movement onset. ANT1 magnitude increased while its duration remained constant; and 3) the magnitude of the second agonist burst (AG2) increased and its duration decreased. 5. The triphasic EMG pattern can be modified to produce movements whose velocity profiles are not the same under simple scaling of duration or magnitude. It is concluded that previously described relations between components of the triphasic EMG pattern and movement parameters, such as amplitude, speed, and duration, are secondary to associated changes in their acceleration and deceleration characteristics.
43
Langager, Anna Louise, and Tone Roald. "Bodily and Therapeutic Movement." Journal of Phenomenological Psychology 49, no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 43–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15691624-12341336.
Анотація:
Abstract In this article we present a phenomenological single-case study of a client’s experience of her therapist’s bodily movement in the context of narrative therapy. A client was interviewed regarding her experience of selected bodily movements of the therapist based on a video recording of one of her therapeutic sessions. The movements were analyzed through Maxine Sheets-Johnstone’s cardinal structures of movement while the interview was analyzed through a modification of Giorgi’s method for phenomenological psychology. We focused on the relationship between the therapist’s bodily movement and therapeutic movement in the client and arrived at general structures of the client’s experience of being moved by movement. The experience comprises three core constituents: ‘shifts in sense of self’, ‘sense of togetherness’ and ‘feelings of mobility’, and reveals that the therapist’s bodily movements can lead to therapeutic changes compatible with the aim of narrative therapy.
44
SAWADA, MIEKO. "ECO Shirts Movement." Sen'i Gakkaishi 68, no. 8 (2012): P—239—P—244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.68.p-239.
45
Hoshino, Kiyoshi, and Tomoko Sato. "Motion Analysis by Independent Component Analysis with Phase Difference Information Among Joints." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 19, no. 6 (December 20, 2007): 705–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2007.p0705.
Анотація:
We configured a system that interpolates and extrapolates two different human movements at an arbitrary ratio for both periodic and discrete movement. This could, for example, extrapolate possible future movement from two data points from the past and present for a person with a certain disorder and enable quantitative assessment of the disorder by interpolating or extrapolating two typical movements of nondisabled and disabled persons at an arbitrary ratio and by comparing the result to the movement of subjects. We used independent component analysis involving phase difference information between joint movements. To demonstrate the system’s effectiveness, we generated three different gaits of periodic movement and conducted experiments with and without considering phase differences between joint movement. When results were implemented in a human model in computer graphics (CG) to picture movement, the system considering phase differences reconstructed the original movement naturally even with a number of independent variables as small as two. Movement analysis not considering phase differences, however, was unnatural, especially in ankle movement, due to the lack of appropriate phase differences between the knee and hip. We synthesized and evaluated discrete movement from two winning poses – one powerful and one weak – by interpolating movement I at 50% and movement II at 50%, and extrapolation of movement I at 150%. The former generated discrete movement with an in-between impression and the latter with a powerful impression. These results demonstrate that both periodic and discrete movement can be expressed by a small number of independent variables when phase difference information between joint movements is used appropriately.
46
Ismail, Ahmad, Hardiyanti Munsi, and Amril Hans. "Online Social Movement: Adopsi Teknologi Informasi dalam Melakukan Gerakan Sosial di Indonesia." ETNOSIA : Jurnal Etnografi Indonesia 4, no. 1 (June 23, 2019): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31947/etnosia.v4i1.5039.
Анотація:
This article aims to explain whether the social movements carried out on the internet are limitedto click activism or merely mere symbolic resistance, or even beyond that? The case of the social movement raised in this study is the Akademi Berbagi Movement based on the internet, especially social media. the movement that combines online and offline gives its own nuances in doing social movements. This study used a qualitative approach with the method of connected ethnography carried out for 5 months. From the results of the research, the Akademi Berbagi Movement is one of the forms of the birth of civil society. The movement that combines online and offline has provided the context, validation and attachment of more participation by volunteers in carrying out social movements, thus giving birth to what is called 'online social movements'. This also complements the concept that Nugroho (2011) refers to as "click activism", with the case of the movement raised in this study, social movements carried out on the internet exceed what is called click activism, and volunterism is done more than just being involved in movement online, but volunterism is also done in an offline context so that this movement is not just "click" but also provides real space for movement.
47
Sherwood, David E. "Separate Movement Planning and Spatial Assimilation Effects in Sequential Bimanual Aiming Movements." Perceptual and Motor Skills 105, no. 2 (October 2007): 501–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.105.2.501-513.
Анотація:
This study extended earlier work by showing spatial assimilations in sequential bimanual aiming movements when the participant preplanned only the first movement of a two-movement sequence. Right-handed participants ( n = 20, aged 18 to 22 years) made rapid lever reversals of 20° and 60° singly and sequentially with an intermovement interval of 2.5 sec. Following blocked single practice of both movements in each hand (15 trials each), two sets of 30 sequential practice trials were completed. The sequences began with either the long or the short movement and the participant always knew the goal of the first movement. During the intermovement interval, the experimenter gave instructions to complete the sequence with a short movement, a long movement, or no movement in a random order. Compared to the single trials, both movements in the sequence overshot the short-distance and undershot the longdistance goal. Spatial errors increased when a change in the movement goal was required for the second movement in the sequence. The experiment demonstrated that separate planning of sequential aiming movements can reduce spatial assimilation effects, but interference due to practice organization and switching the task's goal must also be overcome in order to produce accurate aiming movements.
48
Oostwoud Wijdenes, Leonie, Richard B. Ivry, and Paul M. Bays. "Competition between movement plans increases motor variability: evidence of a shared resource for movement planning." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1295–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00113.2016.
Анотація:
Do movement plans, like representations in working memory, share a limited pool of resources? If so, the precision with which each individual movement plan is specified should decrease as the total number of movement plans increases. To explore this, human participants made speeded reaching movements toward visual targets. We examined if preparing one movement resulted in less variability than preparing two movements. The number of planned movements was manipulated in a delayed response cueing procedure that limited planning to a single target ( experiment 1) or hand ( experiment 2) or required planning of movements toward two targets (or with two hands). For both experiments, initial movement direction variability was higher in the two-plan condition than in the one-plan condition, demonstrating a cost associated with planning multiple movements, consistent with the limited resource hypothesis. In experiment 3, we showed that the advantage in initial variability of preparing a single movement was present only when the trajectory could be fully specified. This indicates that the difference in variability between one and two plans reflects the specification of full motor plans, not a general preparedness to move. The precision cost related to concurrent plans represents a novel constraint on motor preparation, indicating that multiple movements cannot be planned independently, even if they involve different limbs.
49
Quinn, J. G., and G. E. Ralston. "Movement and Attention in Visual Working Memory." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 38, no. 4 (November 1986): 689–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640748608401621.
Анотація:
Three experiments that adopt an interference technique to investigate the involvement of movement in the production of a spatial code are described. Arm movements rather than the more commonly employed eye movements are used to provide initial information about the sorts of movements relevant to the code and to allow an empirical separation of the contributions of movement and attention. The results confirm the interference effects of incompatible movement on the generation of the spatial code and show that movement per se rather than attention to the movement can cause a performance decrement.
50
Aksa, Aksa. "GERAKAN ISLAM TRANSNASIONAL: SEBUAH NOMENKLATUR, SEJARAH DAN PENGARUHNYA DI INDONESIA." Yupa: Historical Studies Journal 1, no. 1 (January 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26523/yupa.v1i1.6.
Анотація:
Transnational Islamic movement is a terminology that belongs in the new academic study. The term 'nomenclature', generally the ideology they have crossed the State boundary of the critical limits stretcher (Nation state). The emergence of transnational Islamic movement's lively lately is part of an Islamic revival and renewal of the Era that grew in the Middle East since the 18th century. The post-war collapse of the Caliphate based in Ottoman Turkey in 1924. The transnational Islamic movement has found its momentum by forming new forces in conducting resistance against colonialism and imperialism of the West. Presence of Transnational Islamic movement in Indonesia is part of the revivalisms Islamic movement in the Middle East and influenced directly against the pattern of Islam in Indonesia. Transmission line ideas Islamism is at least via the social movements, education, and publications.