Статті в журналах: "Movement assistance"

1

Blondel, Jean-Luc. "Assistance to protected persons." International Review of the Red Cross 27, no. 260 (October 1987): 451–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400023147.

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The questions facing the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement today are no different from those with which the Movement began: What is the best way to help? How can we give immediate aid and also provide long-term protection? To answer these questions we have to go back to the early years of the Movement.

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2

Kramer, Kathryn D., and Kermit B. Nash. "The Sickle Cell Mutual Assistance Movement." Journal of Health & Social Policy 5, no. 3-4 (October 31, 1994): 203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j045v05n03_12.

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3

Cancrini, Adriana, Paolo Baitelli, Matteo Lavit Nicora, Matteo Malosio, Alessandra Pedrocchi, and Alessandro Scano. "The effects of robotic assistance on upper limb spatial muscle synergies in healthy people during planar upper-limb training." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 8, 2022): e0272813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272813.

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Background Robotic rehabilitation is a commonly adopted technique used to restore motor functionality of neurological patients. However, despite promising results were achieved, the effects of human-robot interaction on human motor control and the recovery mechanisms induced with robot assistance can be further investigated even on healthy subjects before translating to clinical practice. In this study, we adopt a standard paradigm for upper-limb rehabilitation (a planar device with assistive control) with linear and challenging curvilinear trajectories to investigate the effect of the assistance in human-robot interaction in healthy people. Methods Ten healthy subjects were instructed to perform a large set of radial and curvilinear movements in two interaction modes: 1) free movement (subjects hold the robot handle with no assistance) and 2) assisted movement (with a force tunnel assistance paradigm). Kinematics and EMGs from representative upper-limb muscles were recorded to extract phasic muscle synergies. The free and assisted interaction modes were compared assessing the level of assistance, error, and muscle synergy comparison between the two interaction modes. Results It was found that in free movement error magnitude is higher than with assistance, proving that task complexity required assistance also on healthy controls. Moreover, curvilinear tasks require more assistance than standard radial paths and error is higher. Interestingly, while assistance improved task performance, we found only a slight modification of phasic synergies when comparing assisted and free movement. Conclusions We found that on healthy people, the effect of assistance was significant on task performance, but limited on muscle synergies. The findings of this study can find applications for assessing human-robot interaction and to design training to maximize motor recovery.

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4

Couto, Berenice Rojas. "Social Assistance in relief: a necessary movement." Revista Katálysis 18, no. 1 (June 2015): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1414-49802015000100001.

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5

Yang, Min-hyeok, Seung-un Chae, and Jong-hoon Kim. "Performance Evaluation of Horizontal Movement Support Devices for the Vulnerable in Fire Incidents." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 22, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2022.22.1.135.

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In the event of a fire in nursing homes and hospitals, those unable to move by themselves should seek the help of an assistant. However, there are not enough staff to help evacuate everyone at the hospital, making it difficult to depend on the help of assistants to evacuate everyone. Therefore, an autonomous movement that does not require an assistant can be a very effective means of evacuation in such cases. In this study, an evaluation of the accuracy, required time, obstacle avoidance, and passing performance of the aid device to arrive at the set target point were presented. The test results show that it is necessary to position the parking area considering safety factors such as the error range of the designated arrival point of the horizontal evacuation assistance device and the waiting point for vertical movement.

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6

Hong, Jing-Chen, Hiroki Ohashi, and Hiroyasu Iwata. "High-Dorsiflexion Assistive System for Passive Swing Phase Dorsiflexion Training and Preventing Compensatory Movements." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 34, no. 1 (February 20, 2022): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2022.p0121.

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Over the last few years, numerous robotic ankle-foot orthoses have been developed to help stroke patients optimize gait rehabilitation. In this paper, we present a study on the effects of assistance on dorsiflexion-restricted gait. Our high-dorsiflexion assistive system aims to provide full assistance to realize passive training of dorsiflexion during the swing phase and prevent compensatory movements. This system, which includes a McKibben-type artificial muscle and an air source, is lightweight and provides a high-dorsiflexion torque. The device could help boost overground gait rehabilitation in stroke patients. With this system, we conducted an experiment on five healthy participants whose dorsiflexion movements were restricted, and the extent of their compensatory movements differed. The results of the processed surface electromyography data differed significantly when dorsiflexion movement was assisted by our system. The spatial parameters also showed significantly improved compensatory movement inclination with sufficient assistance. These results indicate the potential of our system to assist in passive training of ankle dorsiflexion movements and to prevent incorrect gait in patients with low dorsiflexion abilities.

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7

Zhang, Xia, and Minoru Hashimoto. "Interaction Approach for Movement-Assist Control Using Neural Oscillators." International Journal of Automation Technology 3, no. 6 (November 5, 2009): 741–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2009.p0741.

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In this paper we propose a framework of realizing natural assist behavior with a movement-assist suit inspired by human interaction. Since human interaction can be thought as synchronization behavior common in movement assistance between human beings, to achieve human-like movement assistance, synchronization-based control is applied to a movement-assist suit. We use neural oscillators to entrain and synchronize suit movement with that of users. To determine validity and feasibility, we examine the proposal for whether (1) synchronization of action between human and movement-assist suit can be realized, (2) the assist effect can be obtained, and (3) the proposed method is comfortable for users. To determine these points, we simulated movement assistance and conducted experiments with a joint-torque-sensing assist suit. Results demonstrated that synchronized movement was realized and that a movement-assistance effect was implemented. Results of evaluation experiments showed the good usability the suit has as proposed, confirming the proposal's applicability and performance.

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Bertossi, Dario, Dario Donadello, Giamaica Conti, Luca Calogero Carletta, Andrea Sbarbati, Claudia Corega, Alessandra Luise Marie Magistretti, et al. "Orthodontics Surgical Assistance (Piezosurgery®): Experimental Evidence According to Clinical Results." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031048.

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Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is based on intermitted or continuous forces applied to teeth, changing the mechanical loading of the system and arousing a cellular response that leads to bone adaptation. The traditional orthodontic movement causes a remodeling of the alveolar bone and changes in the periodontal structures that lead to tooth movement. The use of a piezoelectric instrument in orthodontic surgery has already shown great advantages. The purpose of this study is to rank the behavior of inflammatory mediators in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Ten patients with malocclusion underwent orthodontic surgical treatment, which included a first stage of surgically guided orthodontic movement (monocortical tooth dislocation and ligament distraction, MTDLD) to accelerate orthodontic movements. In all cases, corticotomy was performed by Piezosurgery. Bone and dental biopsy was executed to evaluate changes in the cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-2 in different time intervals (1, 2, 7, 14 and 28 days). The molecular mediators are IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-2. Immediately after the surgical procedure there was a mild expression of the three molecular markers, while the assertion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha reached the maximum value after 24 h and 48 h, indicating a strong activation of the treated tissues. The Piezosurgery® surgical technique induces an evident stress in short times, within 24–48 h from the treatment, but it decreases significantly during the follow-up.

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9

Kadivar, Zahra, Christopher E. Beck, Roger N. Rovekamp, and Marcia K. O’Malley. "Single limb cable driven wearable robotic device for upper extremity movement support after traumatic brain injury." Journal of Rehabilitation and Assistive Technologies Engineering 8 (January 2021): 205566832110024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20556683211002448.

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Introduction Recently, soft exosuits have been proposed for upper limb movement assistance, most supporting single joint movements. We describe the design of a portable wearable robotic device (WRD), “Armstrong,” able to support three degrees-of-freedom of arm movements, and report on its feasibility for movement support of individuals with hemiparesis after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods We introduce Armstrong and report on a pilot evaluation with two male individuals post-TBI (T1 and T2) and two healthy individuals. Testing involved elbow flexion/extension with and without robotic-assisted shoulder stabilization; shoulder abduction with and without robotic-assisted elbow stabilization; and assisted shoulder abduction and flexion. Outcome measures included range of motion and root mean square trajectory and velocity errors. Results TBI subjects performed active, passive, hybrid and active assistive movements with Armstrong. Subjects showed improvements in movement trajectory and velocity. T1 benefited from hybrid, active, and assistive modes due to upper extremity weakness and muscle tone. T2 benefited from hybrid and assistive modes due to impaired coordination. Healthy subjects performed isolated movements of shoulder and elbow with minimal trajectory and velocity errors. Conclusions This study demonstrates the safety and feasibility of Armstrong for upper extremity movement assistance for individuals with TBI, with therapist supervision.

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10

Adkar, Vrunda, Sachin Bhat, Krishna Kumar P, Shareen Noronha, and Chetan R. "Tongue driven wireless assistance technology for wheelchair movement." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 49, no. 6 (July 25, 2017): 345–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v49p252.

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11

Kemp, Michael U., Judy Shamoun-Baranes, E. Emiel van Loon, James D. McLaren, Adriaan M. Dokter, and Willem Bouten. "Quantifying flow-assistance and implications for movement research." Journal of Theoretical Biology 308 (September 2012): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2012.05.026.

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12

Abramov, A. M., and N. B. Petrov. "“Park-Assistant” - parking assistance system for a road train." Вестник гражданских инженеров 20, no. 3 (2023): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.23968/1999-5571-2023-20-3-88-96.

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Almost daily drivers of road trains (RT) have to maneuver in cramped conditions, including moving in reverse, which is a significant difficulty. The existing electronic parking sensors systems are implemented only for single cars. The available publications concerning the RT are devoted to the search for optimal control algorithms without the driver participation. The purpose of this study is to develop «Park Assistant» (PA) system that helps the driver to maneuver the RT in reverse in difficult conditions. To do this, using the «navigation system», the current situation is estimated and modeled, the initial coordinates of the RT and the planned parking place are determined. Using the mathematical model of the RT, the trajectory of the «optimal movement of the tractor and semi-trailer» is calculated. The optimal trajectory of the RT in reverse and the steering wheel rotation algorithm are calculated using a specially developed program. The actions of the driver to perform the parking maneuver of the RT are reduced to the implementation of recommendations on the screen of the PA. The theoretical and practical results obtained contribute to the development of promising autonomous motor transport.

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13

Alouane, Mohamed Amine, Hala Rifai, Kwangtaek Kim, Yacine Amirat, and Samer Mohammed. "Hybrid impedance control of a knee joint orthosis." Industrial Robot: the international journal of robotics research and application 46, no. 2 (March 18, 2019): 192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-08-2018-0165.

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Purpose This paper aims to deal with the design of new hybrid approach for the assistance of the flexion extension movement of the knee joint. Design/methodology/approach The control approach combines the use of a knee joint orthosis along with functional electrical stimulation (FES) within an assist-as-needed paradigm. An active impedance controller is used to assist the generation of muscular stimulation patterns during the extension sub-phase of the knee joint movement. The generated FES patterns are appropriately tailored to achieve flexion/extension movement of the knee joint, which allows providing the required assistance by the subject through muscular stimulation. The generated torque through stimulation is tracked by a non-linear disturbance observer and fed to the impedance controller to generate the desired trajectory that will be tracked using a standard proportional derivative controller. Findings The approach was tested in experiments with two healthy subjects. Results show satisfactory performances in terms of estimating the knee joint torque, as well as in terms of cooperation between the FES and the orthosis actuator during the execution of the knee joint flexion/extension movements. Originality/value The authors designed a new hybrid approach for the assistance of the flexion extension movement of the knee joint, which has not been studied yet. The control approach combines the use of a knee joint orthosis along with FES within an assist-as-needed paradigm.

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14

Spies, Karoline. "Influence of International Mutual Assistance on EU Tax Law." Intertax 40, Issue 10 (October 1, 2012): 518–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2012052.

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ECJ case law shows that the free movement of capital requires Member States to treat only those external capital movements equal to EU-internal capital movements which involve cooperative third countries. Based on this ECJ case law, Member States are trying to protect their tax revenues by making tax benefits in third-country situations conditional upon the entering into an agreement on mutual assistance by third countries. This article deals with the question whether and to which extent Member States are permitted to ask for agreements on exchange of information as well as on tax collection under EU law, and how these bilateral agreements need to be designed to qualify for equal treatment. In this respect, the potential impact of the new EU Mutual Assistance Directives, strengthening the efficiency of cooperation within the EU, is also taken into account.

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15

Liu, Chang, Hongbo Liang, Naoya Ueda, Peirang Li, Yasutaka Fujimoto, and Chi Zhu. "Functional Evaluation of a Force Sensor-Controlled Upper-Limb Power-Assisted Exoskeleton with High Backdrivability." Sensors 20, no. 21 (November 9, 2020): 6379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216379.

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A power-assisted exoskeleton should be capable of reducing the burden on the wearer’s body or rendering his or her work improved and efficient. More specifically, the exoskeleton should be easy to wear, be simple to use, and provide power assistance without hindering the wearer’s movement. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the backdrivability, range of motion, and power-assist capability of such an exoskeleton. This evaluation identifies the pros and cons of the exoskeleton, and it serves as the basis for its subsequent development. In this study, a lightweight upper-limb power-assisted exoskeleton with high backdrivability was developed. Moreover, a motion capture system was adopted to measure and analyze the workspace of the wearer’s upper limb after the exoskeleton was worn. The results were used to evaluate the exoskeleton’s ability to support the wearer’s movement. Furthermore, a small and compact three-axis force sensor was used for power assistance, and the effect of the power assistance was evaluated by means of measuring the wearer’s surface electromyography, force, and joint angle signals. Overall, the study showed that the exoskeleton could achieve power assistance and did not affect the wearer’s movements.

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LU, Xiaodan, Yuki MIYAMOTO, Hiroyuki HAMADA, Tomoko OTA, Kengo YANO, Yoshihiko TOKUMOTO, Takashi YOSHIKAWA, Yuka TAKAI, and Akihiko GOTO. "Movement Analysis of Transfer Assistance Using a Slide Board." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2016 (2016): S0450202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2016.s0450202.

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17

Giovacchini, Francesco, Federica Vannetti, Matteo Fantozzi, Marco Cempini, Mario Cortese, Andrea Parri, Tingfang Yan, Dirk Lefeber, and Nicola Vitiello. "A light-weight active orthosis for hip movement assistance." Robotics and Autonomous Systems 73 (November 2015): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2014.08.015.

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18

Kirchner, Elsa Andrea, Marc Tabie, and Anett Seeland. "Multimodal Movement Prediction - Towards an Individual Assistance of Patients." PLoS ONE 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2014): e85060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0085060.

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19

Brock, C. Peter. "Alcohol Problems in the Workplace." Public Personnel Management 16, no. 4 (December 1987): 345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009102608701600407.

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The history of the employee assistance movement has its roots in the worker's health movement of the early 1900s and the employee alcohol assistance programs of the 1940s. The author discusses the important role alcohol assistance programs played in the evolution of current employee assistance programs and makes a very important distinction between programs that deal with alcohol-related problems and those that are currently being used for drug-related problems. The issue is raised of the fine line between using urinalyses as a method of rehabilitation and using it as a form of policing.

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Dusold, Laurence R., and John A. G. Roach. "Computer Assistance in Food Analysis." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 69, no. 5 (September 1, 1986): 754–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/69.5.754.

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Abstract Laboratory computer links are a key part of acquisition, movement, and interpretation of certain types of data. Remote information retrieval from databases such as the Chemical Information System provides the analyst with structural and toxicologicai information via a laboratory terminal. Remote processing of laboratory data by large computers permits the application of pattern recognition techniques to the solution of complex multivariate problems such as the detection of food adulteration.

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Poppendieck, Janet Elizabeth. "Reformist, progressive, radical: The case for an inclusive alliance." Canadian Food Studies / La Revue canadienne des études sur l'alimentation 9, no. 2 (July 15, 2022): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.15353/cfs-rcea.v9i2.534.

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Scholars of food regimes and food movements have argued that the capacity of the contemporary food movement to achieve significant change is dependent upon the nature of the alliances formed by the progressive, food justice component of the broader array of food change organizations. They have urged alliances primarily with the more radical food sovereignty branch of the food movement. I argue that in the United States, which provides far more assistance to poor people as food assistance than as cash welfare, alliances with reformist food security organizations, and specifically the anti-hunger organizations focused on protecting and expanding federal food assistance, must be an essential part of any significant food justice agenda. These programs are essential to the survival of millions of Americans in the present while we are trying to build a better world for the future. Mobilized and informed public policy advocacy has an impressive track record of successful defense and incremental improvement of food programs. Several of these programs are entitlements that actually create justiciable rights. The collective procurement associated with school food and other public meal programs creates levers for fundamental food system change. And the network of federal, state and local anti-hunger organizations is potentially a portal through which people can enter the movement for a just food future. Food justice activists should include anti-hunger advocates among their allies and partners.

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22

Graby, Steve. "Personal assistance co-operatives: Possibilities and pitfalls of alternative models of ‘independent living’." Journal of Co-operative Studies 54, no. 3 (December 2021): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.61869/eqwe4378.

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Personal assistance for disabled people is a field in which co-operatives have not yet had large-scale involvement in the UK. However, in other European countries such as Sweden and Norway there is a well-established co-operative sector providing personal assistance services. This paper draws on evidence from those contexts and on the author’s doctoral research. Conducted in the UK, the research used semi-structured qualitative interviews to explore how personal assistance provision could be improved both for disabled people and for those who work as personal assistants. The paper argues that there is significant potential for developing co-operatives in this field in the UK, which as yet is only starting to be realised in some small-scale experiments. There is also a potentially productive resonance between the Disabled People’s Movement concept of ‘independent living’ and the values and principles of the co-operative movement, which may suggest ways forward in challenging the political economics of austerity. However, the use of co-operative forms in this context is not without its limitations and dilemmas, and needs to be recognised as only a partial solution to disabling barriers that have deep material and ideological roots.

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23

LU, Xiaodan, Yuki MIYAMOTO, Hiroyuki HAMADA, Tomoko OTA, Kengo YANO, Yoshihiko TOKUMOYO, Takashi YOSHIKAWA, Yuka TAKAI, and Akihiko GOTO. "1C3-6 Movement Analysis of Transfer Assistance by Slide Board." Japanese journal of ergonomics 52, Supplement (2016): S136—S137. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.52.s136.

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24

SUNAGA, Kinsaburo. "American Technical Assistance Programs and the Productivity Movement in Japan." Japanese Yearbook on Business History 12 (1996): 23–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5029/jrbh1984.12.23.

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Bazbauers, Adrian Robert. "World Bank technical assistance: participation, policy movement, and sympathetic interlocutors." Policy Studies 41, no. 6 (March 4, 2019): 567–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442872.2019.1581156.

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Suncheol Kwon, Yunjoo Kim, and Jung Kim. "Movement Stability Analysis of Surface Electromyography-Based Elbow Power Assistance." IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 61, no. 4 (April 2014): 1134–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbme.2013.2295381.

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Reinkensmeyer, David J., Craig D. Takahashi, Wojciech K. Timoszyk, Andrea N. Reinkensmeyer, and Leonard E. Kahn. "Design of robot assistance for arm movement therapy following stroke." Advanced Robotics 14, no. 7 (January 2001): 625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156855301742058.

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Eizentals, Peteris, Alexei Katashev, Alexander Oks, and Guna Semjonova. "Smart shirt system for compensatory movement retraining assistance: feasibility study." Health and Technology 10, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 861–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12553-020-00420-x.

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Bazbauers, Adrian Robert. "World Bank Technical Assistance: The Relational Dynamics of Policy Movement." Public Administration and Development 37, no. 4 (February 24, 2017): 246–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.1796.

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Mosconi, Denis, Yecid Moreno, and Adriano Siqueira. "Exploring Human–Exoskeleton Interaction Dynamics: An In-Depth Analysis of Knee Flexion–Extension Performance across Varied Robot Assistance–Resistance Configurations." Sensors 24, no. 8 (April 21, 2024): 2645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s24082645.

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Knee rehabilitation therapy after trauma or neuromotor diseases is fundamental to restore the joint functions as best as possible, exoskeleton robots being an important resource in this context, since they optimize therapy by applying tailored forces to assist or resist movements, contributing to improved patient outcomes and treatment efficiency. One of the points that must be taken into account when using robots in rehabilitation is their interaction with the patient, which must be safe for both and guarantee the effectiveness of the treatment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the interaction between humans and an exoskeleton during the execution of knee flexion–extension movements under various configurations of robot assistance and resistance. The evaluation encompassed considerations of myoelectric activity, muscle recruitment, robot torque, and performed movement. To achieve this, an experimental protocol was implemented, involving an individual wearing the exoskeleton and executing knee flexion–extension motions while seated, with the robot configured in five distinct modes: passive (P), assistance on flexion (FA), assistance on extension (EA), assistance on flexion and extension (CA), and resistance on flexion and extension (CR). Results revealed distinctive patterns of movement and muscle recruitment for each mode, highlighting the complex interplay between human and robot; for example, the largest RMS tracking errors were for the EA mode (13.72 degrees) while the smallest for the CR mode (4.47 degrees), a non-obvious result; in addition, myoelectric activity was demonstrated to be greater for the completely assisted mode than without the robot (the maximum activation levels for the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles were more than double those when the user had assistance from the robot). Tracking errors, muscle activations, and torque values varied across modes, emphasizing the need for careful consideration in configuring exoskeleton assistance and resistance to ensure effective and safe rehabilitation. Understanding these human–robot interactions is essential for developing precise rehabilitation programs, optimizing treatment effectiveness, and enhancing patient safety.

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Goubert, Magali. "‘The dance of drawing’ and the limits of digital assistance." Drawing: Research, Theory, Practice 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2023): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/drtp_00115_1.

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By looking at ‘the dance of a drawing’, this paper questions the interest and limits of digital technologies in the world of drawing and, more broadly, the visual arts. Based on the system of Effort conceived by the movement theorist Rudolf Laban (1879–1956), the author proposes a new way of apprehending pictorial and graphic form, from its expressive movements. This approach leads the author to distinguish between two modes of graphic expression, the sensory and the rational, which are both opposed and complementary. By inviting the viewer to observe the dance of paintings by Van Gogh and Seurat on the one hand and children’s drawings on the other, the paper underlines how digital technology cannot completely replace traditional drawing techniques.

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Fukui, Kiyotaka, and Katsuyoshi Tsujita. "A Suitable Design of Assist System for Human Meal by Reducing Maneuverability Variance in Workspace." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 28, no. 6 (December 20, 2016): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2016.p0781.

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[abstFig src='/00280006/01.jpg' width='300' text='A suitable design for the assist system for human meal' ] Some persons require assistance with their movements during meals. A support system for such persons would be invaluable. However, in designing such a system, crucial challenges such as freedom of movement arrangement and maneuverability of the system without disturbing human body movement have to be overcome. In this study, we extracted the major modes of human meal movement from meal movement motion-capture data and derived a suitable and feasible arrangement that reduces maneuverability variance in the workspace via iterative calculations based on inverse kinematics. The results of analyses indicate that the shoulder’s extension/flection and external/internal motions and the elbow’s extension/flection are suitable arrangements that give the freedom to equalize maneuverability in the workspace.

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Hong, Jing-Chen, Kazuhiro Yasuda, Hiroki Ohashi, and Hiroyasu Iwata. "Optimal Assistance Timing to Induce Voluntary Dorsiflexion Movements: A Preliminary Study in Healthy Participants." Applied Sciences 12, no. 4 (February 21, 2022): 2248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12042248.

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Swing-phase dorsiflexion assistance with robotic ankle–foot orthosis could improve toe clearance and limb shortening such that compensatory movements are suppressed. However, facilitating voluntary effort under assistance remains a challenge. In our previous study, we examined assistance effects of swing-phase dorsiflexion with different delay times after toe-off on a dorsiflexion-restricted gait with a high-dorsiflexion assistive system. Results showed that later dorsiflexion assistance could lead to an increase in the tibialis anterior’s surface electromyography but could also deteriorate compensatory movement. Thus, we concluded that there is a suitable assistance timing to simultaneously achieve voluntary effort and optimal gait. In the present research, we derived a method to identify a suitable dorsiflexion assistance delay time via a multiple linear regression analysis on ankle data of stroke patients with a pathological gait with insufficient dorsiflexion. With the identification method, an experiment was conducted on six healthy participants with restricted dorsiflexion. Results showed that the identified assistance timing improved the amplitude of the tibialis anterior’s surface electromyography while also suppressing limb shortening during circumduction and hip hiking. Although a practical study of stroke survivors is required, observations from this research indicate the potential to successfully induce voluntary efforts with the identified dorsiflexion assistance timing.

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Geonea, Ionuț Daniel, Alexandru Margine, Nicolae Dumitru, and Cristian Copiluși. "Design and Simulation of a Mechanism for Human Leg Motion Assistance." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 811–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.811.

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Legs are the mostimportant elements for accomplishing human physical work includingtransportation or displacement. In this paper, a new mechanism for human legmotion assistance has been proposed for rehabilitation purposes. The structureof human leg and its motions have been used as inspiration for design purposes.For a simple control algorithm, the proposed mechanism for the legs mustgenerate an ovoid path of the foot, by uniform rotating of actuating crank. Themechanism must generate an approximately linear trajectory of foot duringpropulsion. The resulting linkage is a single degree-of-freedom (DOF)mechanism, which exemplifies the shape and movement of a human leg. Theactuator of the mechanism is located in the upper portion of the linkagesimilar to it in a human leg. The mechanism is simulated and tested to verifythe proposed synthesis. A 3D model of the proposed system has been elaboratedin Solid Works®, booth for design and simulation purposes. Simulation resultsshow that the proposed mechanism performs movements similar to those of a humanleg. Maple and Adams software packages are used to simulate and validate the usabilityof the mechanism. The proposed mechanism demonstrates that a one DOF closedloop mechanical linkage can be designed to the shape and movement of the bipedhuman walking apparatus. The proposed mechanism is suitable for the fabricationof legged robots. Proportions of the linkage are estimated utilizinganthropometric measures of the human leg.

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Barkin, Solomon. "Institutional Economics and the American Trade Union Movement." Articles 43, no. 3 (April 12, 2005): 491–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050429ar.

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Romansyah, Mukhlis Rahmanto, Mahli Zainuddin, and Anidah Robani. "Living Hadith of the Lazismu Movement and Its Influence on Indonesian Society." Religia 26, no. 1 (March 30, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.28918/religia.v26i1.908.

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Poverty is an essential issue for Muhammadiyah as a socio-religious and social organization in Indonesia. Poverty is caused by ignorance and underdevelopment and has occurred from the past to the present. To solve this problem, Muhammadiyah through Lazismu takes social action based on hadith. Muhammadiyah revives and implements hadith in the form of genuine assistance. This paper aimed to address the problem of poverty through Lazismu based on the hadith of social action. This research used qualitative scientific methods based on field research through observation, interviews, and library research. The results of this study indicated that the social activities carried out by Lazismu are a manifestation of tajdid/renewal and efforts to revive hadiths. The Lazismu assistance program includes direct assistance to the poor, natural disaster relief, educational issues, and the economy. Lazismu has a major influence on the welfare of the Indonesian people, especially the poor and underdeveloped and those affected by disasters. Poor and unemployed people receive productive alms assistance from Lazismu to facilitate their innovation and creativity in creating business opportunities that are able to develop and be sustainable.

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Li, Junqiang, Huanhuan Liu, Yanlai Yan, and Dong Yang. "Design of foot-wheel cooperation walking assistance robot and control method for human-robot coordination movement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2557, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2557/1/012063.

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Abstract To meet the walking demand of people who is less able to exercise, a foot-wheel cooperation walking assistance robot is designed, a control method of human-robot coordination movement is proposed, and then the walking on-the-wheel system is realized. Firstly, the structure of the foot-wheel cooperation walking assistance robot is designed, the kinematics of human lower limbs is analyzed, and the movement relationship between the foot system and wheel system is established. Secondly, the control methods of the foot system and wheel system are studied respectively, composite control method is used to realize the function that the motion of the human foot is followed by the pedal. Based on the user’s walking information and the motion relationship between the foot system and the wheel system, the coordinated motion control of the foot system and the wheel system is realized. Finally, an experimental prototype of foot-wheel cooperation walking assistance robot is developed, then the foot-wheel cooperation walking assistance experiment is completed. Experimental results show that the function of walking on the wheeled system can be realized by the proposed human-robot coordination movement method.

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Barkovska, Olessia, and Vitalii Serdechnyi. "Intelligent assistance system for people with visual impairments." INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND SCIENTIFIC SOLUTIONS FOR INDUSTRIES, no. 2(28) (June 30, 2024): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/2522-9818.2024.28.006.

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Subject of the Research: The creation of an intelligent assistance system for people with visual impairments. Nowadays, the task of developing effective intelligent assistance systems that allow people with vision problems to achieve maximum independence is important and relevant, as existing systems have a number of drawbacks, such as limited autonomy, limited integration with other devices and systems, limited analysis of dynamic obstacles, and limited user feedback capabilities, which in most cases are restricted to voice guidance. Objective: The objective of this work is to create a generalized functional model of an intelligent assistance system for people with visual impairments, which has enhanced autonomy, integration with other devices and systems, the ability to analyze dynamic objects and predict their movement trajectory, and provide diverse feedback to the user. Tasks: To achieve the set objective, the following tasks were accomplished: a generalized functional model of the proposed intelligent assistance system for people with visual impairments was created; the functional dependencies of the components of the developed model were substantiated; a review of the basic modules of the proposed system model was conducted. Methods: The methods used include functional modeling methods and system analysis methods. Results: The following results were obtained: a functional model of an intelligent assistance system for people with visual impairments was proposed. This system surpasses existing analogs in a number of functional capabilities: detection of static and dynamic obstacles with prediction of dynamic obstacles’ movement trajectory, the ability to operate in various conditions (indoors, outdoors, in light or dark, in different weather conditions), support for integration with other systems and devices, and a high level of autonomy. Conclusions: The developed system model has enhanced autonomy, integration with other devices and systems, the ability to analyze dynamic objects and predict their movement trajectory, and provides diverse feedback to the user.

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Tang, Xinyao, Xupeng Wang, Yanmin Xue, and Pingping Wei. "An Unpowered Knee Exoskeleton for Walking Assistance and Energy Capture." Micromachines 14, no. 10 (September 22, 2023): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14101812.

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In order to reduce the energy consumption of human daily movement without providing additional power, we considered the biomechanical behavior of the knee during external impedance interactions. Based on the theory of human sports biomechanics, combined with the requirements of human–machine coupling motion consistency and coordination, an unpowered exoskeleton-assisted device for the knee joint is proposed in this paper. The effectiveness of this assisted device was verified using gait experiments and distributed plantar pressure tests with three modes: “not wearing exoskeleton” (No exo.), “wearing exoskeleton with assistance “ (Exo. On), and “wearing exoskeleton without assistance” (Exo. Off). The experimental results indicate that (1) This device can effectively enhance the function of the knee, increasing the range of knee movement by 3.72% (p < 0.001). (2) In the early stages of the lower limb swing, this device reduces the activity of muscles in relation to the knee flexion, such as the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and soleus muscles. (3) For the first time, it was found that the movement length of the plantar pressure center was reduced by 6.57% (p = 0.027). This basic principle can be applied to assist the in-depth development of wearable devices.

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Le Bihan, Stéphanie. "Addressing the protection and assistance needs of migrants: The ICRC approach to migration." International Review of the Red Cross 99, no. 904 (April 2017): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383118000036.

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AbstractThe vulnerability of migrants and the threats to which they are exposed during their journey, on land, at sea, or in countries where they have settled, raise serious humanitarian concerns that cannot be ignored. In view of the transregional nature of migration, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other components of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (the Movement) draw on their presence all along migration routes to contribute to the humanitarian response and alleviate the suffering of vulnerable migrants. The Movement's proximity to vulnerable migrants through its solid and experienced network of responders along migratory routes is one of its specific advantages. The aim of this article is to explain the ICRC's view on and approach to migration. It underlines that the ICRC's response is dictated by humanitarian needs, and stresses that these needs can be greatly reduced when States abide by their commitments under international law and adopt and implement policies that take into account the protection and assistance needs of migrants. It acknowledges the diverse and complex human realities behind migration and outlines the main protection and assistance concerns of migrants in countries and regions where the ICRC operates.

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von Koppenfels, Amanda Klekowski. "Second-Class Citizens? Restricted Freedom of Movement for Spätaussiedler is Constitutional." German Law Journal 5, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 761–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200012852.

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The right to the freedom of movement for all Germans is one of the nineteen so-called Grundrechte (Fundamental Rights) and is enshrined in Article 11(1) of the German Grundgesetz (Basic Law): “All Germans enjoy freedom of movement throughout the Federal territory.” On 17 March 2004, however, the Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court) handed down a decision in which it concluded that the restriction of freedom of movement for one clearly defined group of German citizens is constitutional. Pursuant to the Wohnortzuweisungsgesetz, or Residence Assignment Act, as amended in 1996, Spätaussiedler (ethnic German migrants from the former Soviet Union who are eligible for full citizenship status), may have their freedom of movement restricted during the first three years of their residency in Germany. The restriction on their freedom of movement is triggered if they seek to avail themselves of any of a range of social benefits, including: welfare, some forms of unemployment assistance (Arbeitslosenhilfe), or integration assistance directed at Spätaussiedler, such as a six-month language course. Confronted with the loss of these social benefits, Spätaussiedler who nonetheless choose to exercise their freedom of movement are eligible to receive only a subsistence level of support. This restriction applies, nearly without exception, to all Spätaussiedler for the first three years of their residence in Germany due to the high rate of reliance among Spätaussiedler in their initial years in Germany upon these forms of public assistance.

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Rahman, Mohammad H., Maarouf Saad, Jean P. Kenné, Philippe S. Archambault, and Thierry K. Ouimet. "Development of a 4DoFs exoskeleton robot for passive arm movement assistance." International Journal of Mechatronics and Automation 2, no. 1 (2012): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijma.2012.046587.

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Güven, Ali Burak. "The World Bank and transferring development: policy movement through technical assistance." International Affairs 94, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): 1186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiy171.

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Zhao, Song, and Shiwei Cheng. "Adaptive navigation assistance based on eye movement features in virtual reality." Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware 5, no. 3 (June 2023): 232–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vrih.2022.07.003.

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Shree, Vidya, and Sharanabasappa. "WEARABLE REAL TIME HEALTH TRACKERS AND ASSISTED-MOBILITY FOR NON-AMBULANT PATIENTS." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 4RACSIT (April 30, 2017): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i4racsit.2017.3349.

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This paper presents an approach to facilitate mobility for the non-ambulant patients using eye movements and wearable health tracking. The patient’s wheelchair movement is controlled using eye ball movements and also some biomedical assistance functionalities are considered to match the current day needs. The proposed work first detects face from input video, then eye portion will be localized, and finally eye ball (pupil) is detected and tracked using computer vision techniques. The direction of movement is assessed and a command is disseminated to the wheelchair control system. The wearable sensors and\or alarms mounted on patients will update current health status indications on to the monitoring panels. The wearable devices have evolved very smartly which are capable enough to take care of the patient health in real time even during assisted mobility.

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Guinnane, Timothy W. "State Support for the German Cooperative Movement, 1860–1914." Central European History 45, no. 2 (June 2012): 208–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938912000039.

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Germany's cooperative movement grew and thrived from its inception in the late 1840s to World War I and beyond. Cooperatives were divided along several lines, and perhaps the most serious point of contention concerned the role of the state in the movement. Cooperative leaders in the two decades before World War I especially debated whether they should accept direct grants and subsidized credit from the Reich and the Länder. The several parts of the cooperative movement construed the question differently; much internecine conflict turned on the answers. The cooperative movement's historiography has largely framed the question as did Hermann Schulze-Delitzsch and other cooperative leaders opposed to state assistance. To him, the issue was whether cooperatives would be based on “self-help” or “state help.”

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L.Suriya Kala and S.Nirmal. "AI FOR HUMAN ASSISTANCE." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences 7, no. 2 (2023): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2023.v07i02.018.

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A robot has been designed to assist humans in reaching their desired destination. The majority of people today are freshers and unfamiliar with new places. With very little to no awareness of the specific locations, people waste a lot of time navigating through the different available paths. This seems to be a drawback in an arena where all the focus is on getting instantaneous solutions to problems. So, our designed robots assist humans to travel the shortest distance from one place to another place. These types of robots are planned to be implemented in colleges, airports, supermarkets, and many other public places. In the present work, a path following control for assistance robots is designed. The driver is designed to help blind people reach a destination through a path. This work is on the premise that person must choose the moment when the robot must move due to its is using as support. Plus, a linear velocity is generated by an angular velocity which guides the person along the path, whenever the movement is desired by the user. A simulation is performed to verify that the operation of the controller is correct, and finally, experiments are performed on an experimental platform.

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Bretsko, Іryna, Tetiana D. Shcherban, and Taisa Yamchuk. "Modern psychological assistance technologies for internally displaced persons." Scientific Bulletin of Mukachevo State University Series “Pedagogy and Psychology” 9, no. 4 (December 5, 2023): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52534/msu-pp4.2023.35.

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Since the full-scale invasion of Ukraine by Russia, many Ukrainians have fled their homes in search of safer places, thus the problem of developing convenient and effective methods of providing psychological support to the maximum number of citizens has become urgent. The research aims to develop a technology for helping internally displaced persons based on exposure therapy methods. The study sample consisted of 84 respondents who had the official status of internally displaced persons. To quantify the parameters of the stressful state, the PCL-5 post-traumatic stress disorder diagnostic tool was used, and the updated Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) was used to determine the emotional state. At the beginning of the study, 67% of respondents in the sample had a level of symptoms sufficient to diagnose post-traumatic stress disorder, which indicates a high level of psychological distress. The methods of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing were used for psychotherapeutic procedures. The use of both methods proved to be effective in improving the overall psychological state of the respondents. The use of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy led to a 9.0% reduction in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and a 37.73% increase in happiness compared to the control group. The method of desensitisation and eye movement processing led to a 15.41% reduction in symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder and a 35.30% increase in subjective indicators of happiness compared to the control group. The combined use of both methods showed the best results: after three months, there was a 19.72% reduction in post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and a 42.54% increase in happiness scores compared to the control group. Based on the data demonstrated in this paper, the combined use of trauma-focused cognitive behavioural therapy and eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing can be recommended to reduce the severity of post-traumatic stress symptoms and improve the well-being of internally displaced persons

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Verschueren, Herwig. "Free Movement or Benefit Tourism: The Unreasonable Burden of Brey." European Journal of Migration and Law 16, no. 2 (May 23, 2014): 147–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718166-12342052.

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Abstract This article analyses the Brey judgment of the eu Court of Justice, in which the cj had to rule on a claim for a social assistance benefit in a host Member State by an economically inactive migrant person. The legal context within which the Court had to deal with these questions differs from other cases regarding the politically highly sensitive question of the right to access to social benefits for economically inactive migrant Union citizens. It had to deal with the interpretation of the provisions in Social Security Coordination Regulation 883/2004 on the so-called ‘special non-contributory cash benefits’. This article examines the judgment in the light of previous political compromises and agreements on the relationship between Regulation 883/2004 and Citizens Directive 2004/38. It also looks into the consequences of the judgment for the concept of ‘social assistance’ in both these instruments and for the concept of ‘conflict rule’ in Regulation 883/2004. The issue of what claim should be considered as an ‘unreasonable burden’ on the host State’s social assistance system under Directive 2004/38 is assessed in more detail. The conclusion of the article is that this judgment has not only overruled previous political compromises but has also created more confusion than ever on the entitlement to social minimum benefits for economically inactive eu migrants.

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The Review. "Development of National Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and co-operation." International Review of the Red Cross 28, no. 264 (June 1988): 203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400073800.

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This year marks the 125th anniversary of the founding of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement. The theme for World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day on 8 May was “125 years at work…and still developing”. This theme was chosen to underline the universalization of the Movement and the continuous growth in its activities on behalf of the victims of armed conflict and natural disaster. But development is also an expression of the solidarity between the Movement's components as soon as it is necessary to bring immediate assistance to the victims of man-made or natural catastrophy and to put forward medium or long-term plans aimed, in accordance with the Movement's Fundamental Principles, at preventing these calamities and ensuring the welfare of communities.

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