Дисертації з теми "Mouvements collectifs de rotation"
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Roesz, Germain. "Contre l'heroique et solitaire image de l'artiste duos groupes collectifs." Strasbourg 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR20001.
From a catalogue of artists'duos and groups in the 20 century, the author analyses the artists' features through texts and manifestos : identities, transformations, quarrels, recurrences. The question is to differentiate the working mode between groups and duos. The question is to try an explanation of a collective creation from consciousness of separation. For ending, the author shows his own artistic attempts in this fields. Six parts are joined together in this thesis : volume 1 - taxonomy with no epilogue volume 2 ~ indexes of duos, reviews, pseudonyms (tracking list) volume 3 - index of groups volume 4 - l'epongistes volume 5 - roesz & c0 volume 6 - appendixes
Haddad, Ferid. "Dynamique et mouvements collectifs dans les collisions d'ions lourds." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2052.
Dagois-Bohy, Simon. "Le Chant des Dunes, Mouvements Collectifs dans un Écoulement Granulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770253.
Avez, Benoît. "Mouvements collectifs dans les noyaux : des vibrations à la fusion." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00492067.
Calvez, Vincent. "Modèles et analyses mathématiques pour les mouvements collectifs de cellules." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00255811.
Dans une première partie nous étudions plusieurs variantes du modèle PKS classique, incluant notamment une diffusion non-linéaire des cellules, ou bien une loi de diffusion chimique à noyau de Green logarithmique. Puis nous montrons l'existence globale pour une masse sous-critique du modèle PKS classique dans tout l'espace $\mathbb{R}^2$.
On complexifie ensuite le modèle de base en ajoutant un intermédiaire chimique réactionnel, ce qui modifie l'homogénéité du système. Enfin les conditions d'existence globale pour le modèle cinétique ODA avec effets délocalisants sont affaiblies par rapport aux travaux précédents.
Dans une deuxième partie nous appliquons le modèle phénoménologique de PKS, et son principe de masse critique, à un processus d'auto-organisation remarquable dans le cerveau: la sclérose concentrique de Baló. Un couplage adéquat entre un front de propagation et une instabilité de PKS décrit raisonnablement les motifs en anneaux de la maladie.
La troisième partie adopte le point de vue du transport optimal de masse pour analyser le modèle de PKS unidimensionnel modifié auparavant (afin de partager les caractéristiques de PKS 2D). Bien que la fonctionnelle d'énergie ne soit pas convexe par déplacement, nous démontrons la convergence vers un unique état d'équilibre, lorsqu'il existe. Ces nouvelles idées sont mises en oeuvre numériquement~: un flot gradient discret pour la distance de Wasserstein est analysé, puis simulé en dimension un d'espace.
Plusieurs annexes viennent compléter ce travail, dont une annexe qui regroupe tous les aspects numériques de la thèse.
Dagois, Simon. "Le chant des dunes : mouvements collectifs dans un écoulement granulaire." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077081.
The song of dunes is a natural phenomenon that have arisen men's curiosity for a long time, from Marco Polo to R. A. Bagnold. Scientific observations in the XXth century have shown that the sound is emitted by a coherent vibration of the free surface of a flow in these special singing grains, and that this sound is linked to a threshold effect that depends on many parameters. In order to understand the synchronization mechanism that links the movements of the grains, we have made two missions in Morocco and in Oman to study on field these singing dunes, from which we brought back many samples. On the basis of a study of their microscopic properties, we showed that these grains are covered by a varnish that increases their friction and adhesion properties. In an experiment with varying shear rate, we characterized the threshold dependency on relative humidity as well as on flow parameters. In an avalanche experiment, we reproduced with high fidelity the song of dunes that can be heard on field and our observations showed that the flow has a part at the surface where the velocity is homogeneous like a solid movement. This experiment also showed that the synchronization is not due to an acoustic wave propagating inside the granular layer. We then developed a mode! based on the interaction between the force chains in the shear part of the flow and the plug part of the flow. This model have a good quantitative agreement with the experiments, and it also explains all the qualitative observations that have been made on this subject
Ducasse, Lauris. "Mouvements collectifs de particules en turbulence : collisions et concentration préférentielle." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4115.
This thesis encompasses numerical studies of problems concerning the dynamics of particles in turbulent flows. Turbulence has been modelised using a random Fourier modes method known as kinematic simulations allowing us to change the parameters of the problem for a low numerical cost. The main part of the dissertation analyses the properties of the collision rate of inertial particles in dilute systems compatible which meteorogical situations. The collision rate is estimated using a Lagrangian method recently proposed by Falkovich and Pumir (2007) and systematically compared which direct numerical measurements. The contribution of the sling effect, originally introduced by Falkovich et al. (2002), to the collision rate has been quantified following this approach. The results show that this latter is negligible in the limit of very small Stokes numbers (adimensionned relaxation time of the particles), so that the enhancement of the collision rate with respect to the case of tracers can only be explained by preferential concentration. On the other hand, the sling contribution increases sharply when the Stokes number exceeds a threshold around St = 0. 3 and can become dominant if the gravity is not too strong. A second part concerns the properties of the distributions of tracers on compressible surface flows. The second moment of these distributions has been computed explicitly in both inertial and dissipative range allowing us to quantify the fluctuations of the coarse grained concentration field (preferential concentration) with respect to the scale. The results let appear some similitudes with the case of inertial particles in incompressible flows
Seguret, Axel. "Mouvements collectifs et structure sociale chez le zebrafish en environnement fragmenté." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCC168/document.
The collective decision-making is one of the mecanisms used by social species during foraging, path optimisation, collective movements, predator avoidance or habitat selection. Zebrafish (Danio rerio), gregarious animal models in biology, have never been studied in the context of collective binary choices. We found logical to analyse their decision behaviours. The goal of this thesis is to meet the expectations of the ASSISI|bf project of creation of an andjustable experimental setup able to sustain robots and fish, of development of an adaptive and self-organised mixed society and of the caracterisation of individual and collective behaviours of the zebrafish, implementable in the robots. We show that the collective decision making and the cohesion of groups of zebrafish in an open environment, composed of two identical landmarks, are dynamical processes that vary in function of the strain of Danio rerio (AB or TL) and are related to the density of the populations. Always on the move, the fish oscillate between the two landmarks. The AB zebrafish are more attracted by the landmarks and are less cohesive than the TL zebrafish. In a contrained environment, two rooms connected by a corridor, we do the same type of experiments with only AB zebrafish and vary the density of the groups from 1 to 20 individuals. AB zebrafish swim together. The increase of the density of the groups make them split. We noticed that the density of the groups has an effect on the topology of the groups : during collective departures from a room to the other one, there is a correlation between the rank of exit of the zebrafish (followers) and the rank of the distances of each individual from the initiator of the exits. This correlation is higher when the followers are either the closest or the farest from the initiator.Using the previous experimental setup, we focused also on the topics related to leadership for groups of 2 to 10 individuals. We show that each fish intiate at least once a collective departure and that the number of initiations is proportional to the number of initiation attempts. Also, we found that all the fish have the same success rate in the initiations after an initiation attempt and that there is a positive correlation between the intiations and the average speed. A deeper analysis of the collective movements shows that the zebrafish swim in group and transit without any interruption or even without periodicity between the rooms. We are currently improving this study and will bring new points of comparison to check if the non-periodicity of the transitions could be related to the density of the groups. Finally, we developed a new version of the Y-maze based on the previous observations.This perpetual Y-maze shows many usefull features for the study of the behaviour : a low habituation rate, a reduction of the interactions between the animals and the experimentators, and allows the fish to move in a Y-maze without starting nor ending zones as in typical Y-maze
Guyomar, Tristan. "Roles of acto-myosin cortex dynamics in organoid self-organisation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STRAJ100.
In this PhD study, we investigate organoids—self-assembled mini-organs derived from a few stem cells, offering a unique perspective on organogenesis. Our research links organoid shapes and collective motions to the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of the acto-myosin cortex. At the interface between Physics and Biology, we design experiments to quantify cellular and tissue properties and use theoretical physics to integrate measurements into models revealing the self-organization of organoids. Using MDCK cysts, an organotypic model, we explore (i) the role of cortical asymmetries on cell shape and cyst structure, (ii) how tight junction proteins influence cyst morphology and mechanics, and (iii) the emergence of spontaneous 3D collective rotation of cell doublets due to symmetry breaking of acto-myosin dynamics. Our work highlights the intricate link between organoid self-organisation and acto-myosin dynamics further revealing how out-of-equilibrium properties drive morphogenesis
Frank, Cécile Sophie Nathalie. "Les collectifs de sans-papiers en France et en Espagne dans les années 2000 : Analyse comparative d'acteurs collectifs à faibles ressources." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON10057.
Guillaud, Étienne. "Contribution vestibulaire au contrôle des mouvements du bras lors d'une rotation du corps." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23976/23976.pdf.
Recent studies in human motor control have shown that vestibular signals can be used to control goal directed arm movements when an unexpected body displacement occurs during the movement. In this thesis, we investigated the specific functions of the vestibular signals to this control, and the mechanisms that are involved. This was done through behavioural studies performed with healthy human subjects and one deafferented patient, and biomechanical modelling. Our results highlight the remarkable computationnal capabilities of the brain which can process vestibular information to predict the consequences of body rotation on reaching movements. The vestibular control of arm movement i) is characterised by short latencies, ii) operates efficiently in darkness, iii) is largely automatic and iv) defines the temporal aspect of the movement. The control of the arm through vestibular information has therefore common characteristics with the vestibular control of ocular, cephalic and postural movements. Our findings bring important new insights about the functions of the vestibular because they suggest that there is a general principle underlying the contribution of vestibular signal to motor control. Keywords: Arm movements, Body rotation, Vestibular information, Multisensorial integration, Biomechanical modelling, Deafferentation.
Guillaud, Etienne. "Contribution vestibulaire au contrôle des mouvements du bras lors d'une rotation du corps." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2006AIX22063.pdf.
Recent studies in human motor control have shown that vestibular signals can be used to control goal directed arm movements when an unexpected body displacement occurs during the movement. In this thesis, we investigated the specific functions of the vestibular signals to this control, and the mechanisms that are involved. This was done through behavioural studies performed with healthy human subjects and one deafferented patient, and biomechanical modelling. Our results highlight the remarkable computationnal capabilities of the brain which can process vestibular information to predict the consequences of body rotation on reaching movements. The vestibular control of arm movement i) is characterised by short latencies, ii) operates efficiently in darkness, iii) is largely automatic and iv) defines the temporal aspect of the movement. The control of the arm through vestibular information has therefore common characteristics with the vestibular control of ocular, cephalic and postural movements. Our findings bring important new insights about the functions of the vestibular because they suggest that there is a general principle underlying the contribution of vestibular signal to motor control
Combedazou, Anne. "Caractérisation des différents mouvements collectifs au cours de la migration des cellules de bordure chez la drosophile." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30365/document.
In many biological processes, cells can move individually or in a coordinated and collective manner. Collective migrations are necessary during several embryo developmental processes, and pathologies such as inflammatory diseases or metastasis formation. During Drosophila oogenesis, border cells, a group of 6-10 cells, migrate in between nurse cell until the oocyte, within the egg chamber and provide a good model to study collective cell migration in vivo. Border cell migration is divided in to two phases. From the anterior pole of the egg chamber to the half of migrated distance, border cell adopt a linear movement, in which each cell maintain its position within the cluster and one leader cell drive the migration. Midway of the migration path, border cell clusters rotate to reach the oocyte. During this second phase, any cell can take the lead of the migration. The aim of my PhD research works was to identify mechanisms regulating the choice between linear and rotational movements. Acto-myosin cytoskeleton is one of the main regulators of cell contraction necessary for cell motility. Through our research, we demonstrated that non-muscle myosin II (NMII) regulate the switch between linear and rotational behaviour. These results led us to identify mechanisms regulating NMII activity during border cell migration. Border cells express two guidance receptors: PVR (Platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) receptor Related) and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor). Recent studies shown that PVR play a crucial role in the first phase and EGFR predominantly regulate the second phase of migration. Our data shows that NMII is antagonistically regulated by PVR and EGFR. Indeed, the inhibition of NMII in border cell over expressing EGFR completely blocks the rotational movement To conclude, my PhD works allow us to demonstrate the key role of NMII for the regulation of border cell migration. Moreover, we found that EGFR positively regulates NMII activity
Marchetti, Benjamin. "Sédimentation de particules : effets collectifs et filaments déformables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0364/document.
In the first part, a jointed experimental and numerical study examining the influence of vortical structures on the settling of a cloud of solid spherical particles under the action of gravity at low Stokes numbers is presented. We use electro-convection to generate a two-dimensional array of controlled vortices which mimics a simplified vortical flow. Particle image-velocimetry and tracking are used to examine the motion of the cloud within this vortical flow. The cloud is modeled as a set of point-particles for which the hydrodynamic interaction is preponderant. The cloud behavior (trajectory, velocity, aspect ratio, break-up time …) is compared to the predictions of a two-way-coupling numerical simulation. In the second part, a jointed experimentally and numerical study on the dynamics of slender flexible filaments settling in a viscous fluid at low Reynolds number is presented. The equilibrium state of a flexible fiber settling in a viscous fluid is examined using a combination of macroscopic experiments, numerical simulations and scaling arguments. We identify three regimes having different signatures on this equilibrium configuration of the elastic filament: a weak deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling perpendicular to the gravity; a large deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling parallel to the gravity and an intermediate elastic reconfiguration regime where the filament deforms to adopt a shape with a smaller drag which is no longer linearly proportional to the velocity but to the square root of the velocity
Stefak, Roman. "Synthèse de machines moléculaires pour le contrôle de mouvements de rotation et de translation." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2124/.
This thesis contributes to the field of nanosciences. This manuscript reports the work achieved in order to better understand the rotational and translational motions observed in molecules while those are manipulated as single molecular machines. We first studied the dissymmetrization of the stator (lower anchoring part of the motor) by means of two biphenylene moieties. These fragments were selected to reproduce the behavior of sexiphenyls that can easily move on a surface with the motion analogue to a crawling. Therefore, biphenylenes were designed to allow the molecule to drift in a linear way on the surface using the excitation from the STM tip. In this synthesis, we succeeded to obtain the bipodal bearing two biphenylene moieties. The third indazole subunit could not be added to form the desired dissymmetric stator. Starting from the initial design of the molecular motor previously developed in the group, the first goal of this work was to dissymmetrize the rotor (upper rotating part of the motor) by introducing a nitrogen tag with the purpose of being able to visualize the rotation while this latter is induced by the tip of the STM. The obtained rotor bearing five arms will be used as gears to study the transfer of rotation from one to his neighbours. The last part of this work consists in the development of a new family of rotors based on the double-decker architecture. The upper rotating part is a porphyrin ligand displaying electron donating and withdrawing moieties resulting in a strong dipolar moment with an estimated value of 8 Debye. This unique asset can be used in order to control their rotation by applying an STM tip-induced electric field. This rotor is supported on an europium naphthalocyanine fragment which disables the strong interaction between the rotor and the surface. Thus, an europium heteroleptic double-decker was synthesized and fully characterised. Double-deckers have been studied as monolayers on Cu(111) at 80 K and as single molecule on Au(111) at 5 K using an ultra high vacuum STM. Switching as well as free and synchonised rotational behaviors have been evidenced using different values of bias voltage
Merle, Hélène. "Apprentissage des mouvements de la Terre à l'école élémentaire : d'une vision géocentrique au modèle héliocentrique." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20080.
Amrani, Foued. "Génération et intéraction d'un grand nombre de solitons dans les lasers à fibre : universalité des comportements collectifs." Angers, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ANGE0077.
The work of this thesis consists of two axes. The first concerns the study of interactions of a large number of solitons in fiber laser and the second is the realization of high-power single-mode fiber laser. We observed experimentally different states in a ring fiber laser mode-locked by nonlinear rotation of polarization, where the pulses are under disordered movements, others where the movement is collective. We have identified 5 different states. We point out an analogy with the states of the matter and propose for the first time a classification of dissipative soliton complexes : soliton gas, supersonic soliton gas flow, soliton liquid, soliton pottery stat and soliton crystal. We have investigated multiple-soliton pattern formations in a figure-of-eight fiber laser passively mode-locked through non linear amplifying loop mirror. We have obtained a variety of soliton patterns and states that were previously observed in double-clad fiber lasers passively mode-locked through nonlinear polarization rotation. Our results tend to demonstrate, for the first time, the universality of such soliton states. Indeed, the patterns do not depend on the precise mode locking mechanism. A high power passively mode-locked fitter laser exploiting the nonlinear polarization rotation with an amplifier that delivers 10 W at the output was set up. In multi pulsing regime, we obtained experimentally a fascinating dynamic that combines two states of solitons at the same time, the harmonic mode locking of soliton crystals, when the basic pattern is a crystal. New records in the number of solitons have been obtained for the crystal state 900 pulses and 2. 500 pulses with harmonic mode locking
Israël, Liora. "Robes noires, années sombres : la résistance dans les milieux judiciairesSociologie historique d'une mobilisation juridique." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003DENS0029.
Kellenberger, Sonja. "Pratiques artistiques et formes de la mobilisation politique dans la ville : une approche sociologique de quatre collectifs d'artistes-activistes à Paris et à Londres." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100154.
The protest movements of the 90s comes along, in France as in other European countries, of the reactication of an original form of the political commitment based on the artistic intervention. The participation of artists highlights the aesthetic dimensions of the mobilization and reveals the contemporary stakes in the democratization of the art as well as the role of the urban environment in the collective action. The research interrogates this phenomenom in its artistic, political and urban dimensions and their interactions from an ethnographical work about four groups of activist artists in Paris and in London. The study of hybrid groups allows to understand the modes of mobilization , participation and organization which update the militant and artistic practices
Gachelin, Jeremie. "Rhéologie et comportement de suspensions de Escherichia Coli en milieux confinés." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066406/document.
If we put active particles, ie. motile particles, in suspension into a _uid, collective behaviors can occur. In this document, we present experimental works using Escherichia Coli, a biological particle, micro_uidic devices, and numerical simulations. By these ways, we caracterized these swimmers, their collective motions, the impact of an external shear on their behavior, and rheological behavior of this kind of suspensions. We show that the typical size of these collective motions increases smoothly with the volume fraction, and that a critical shear rate exist and is the same for individual and collective motion under shear. We also show for that bacterial suspensions have a non-newtonian viscosity and describe their rheological behavior
Duclos, Guillaume. "Active Cellular Nematics." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066498.
Elongated, weakly interacting, apolar cells cultured at confluence align together, forming large domains where they are perfectly ordered. Using concepts from the active matter theory and the physics of liquid crystals, we study the emergence of this mesoscopic nematic order by quantifying the ordering dynamics in two-dimensional infinite monolayers or under confinement. Topological defects have been found to play a crucial role in the self-organization of active biological systems. We study the dynamics of the disclinations that form in these cellular contractile nematics. Being driven out of equilibrium by the consumption of energy by individual cells, the monolayer exhibits complex flow patterns as defects migrate spontaneously and annihilate pairwise. By comparing our experimental results to a nematic drop model, we show that the self-organization of the cellular nematic layer with no boundary conditions or under circular confinement is dictated by the minimization of the splay and bend distortions of the tissue
Le, Huy Minh. "Le champ geomagnetique, les mouvements du fluide a la surface du noyau et les variations decennales de la rotation de la terre." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077222.
Duperré, Martine. "Constitution des acteurs collectifs et dynamique de développement régional : le cas d'une association régionale en santé et services sociaux /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2002. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Datas, Adrien. "Analyse et simulation de mouvements d'atteinte contraints en position et orientation pour un humanoïde de synthèse." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0005/document.
The simulation of human movement is an active theme of research, particularly in ergonomic analysis to aid in the design of workstations. The aim of this thesis concerns the automatic generation of reaching tasks in the horizontal plane for a virtual humanoid. An objective expressed in the task space, requires coordination of all joints of the mannequin. The main difficulties encountered in the simulation of realistic movements is related to the natural redundancy of the human. Our approach is focused mainly on two aspects: - Motion of the hand's operator in the task space (spatial and temporal aspect), - Coordination of all kinematic chains. To characterize human movement, we conducted a set of motion capture with position and orientation constraints of the hand in the horizontal plane. These acquisitions allowed to know the spatial and temporal evolution of the hand in the task space, for translation and rotation aspects. These acquired data were coupled with a playback method to analyze the intrinsic relations that link the task space to joint space of the model. The automatic generation scheme of realistic motion is based on a stack of task with a kinematic approach. The assumption used to simulate the action is to follow the shortest path in the task space while limiting the cost in the joint space. The scheme is characterized by a set of parameters. A global map of parameter adjustment enables the simulation of a class of realistic movements. Finally, this scheme is validated quantitatively and qualitatively with comparison between the simulation and the human gesture
Mahault, Benoît. "Outstanding problems in the statistical physics of active matter." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS250/document.
Active matter, i.e. nonequilibrium systems composed of many particles capable of exploiting the energy present in their environment in order to produce systematic motion, has attracted much attention from the statistical mechanics and soft matter communities in the past decades. Active systems indeed cover a large variety of examples that range from biological to granular. This Ph.D. focusses on the study of minimal models of dry active matter (when the fluid surrounding particles is neglected), such as the Vicsek model: point-like particles moving at constant speed and aligning their velocities with those of their neighbors locally in presence of noise, that defines a nonequilibrium universalilty class for the transition to collective motion. Four current issues have been addressed: The definition of a new universality class of dry active matter with polar alignment and apolar motion, showing a continuous transition to quasilong-range polar order with continuously varying exponents, analogous to the equilibrium XY model, but that does not belong to the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class. Then, the study of the faithfulness of kinetic theories for simple Vicsek-style models and their comparison with results obtained at the microscopic and hydrodynamic levels. Follows a quantitative assessment of Toner and Tu theory, which has allowed to compute the exponents characterizing fluctuations in the flocking phase of the Vicsek model, from large scale numerical simulations of the microscopic dynamics. Finally, the establishment of a formalism allowing for the derivation of hydrodynamic field theories for dry active matter models in three dimensions, and their study at the linear level
Gaborieau, Jean-Noe͏̈l. "Calcul des efforts dans une prise par empaumement pour des conditions anthropomorphes : domaine de charge optimale en vue de la planification de mouvements de rotation de la main." Poitiers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996POIT2265.
Jory, Myriam. "Approche biophysique de la fonction muco-ciliaire de l'épithélium bronchique : propriétés d'écoulement du mucus et coordination du battement ciliaire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS078.
Understanding and treating chronic respiratory diseases are growing medical challenges due to changes in our lifestyles and environment. The epithelium of the respiratory tract is the first barrier against external aggression, in particular thanks to the mucociliary function. Functional elements are the mucus layer lining the tissue and the beating of cilia from the ciliated cells of the epithelium. Mucus is a complex and heterogeneous fluid that acts as a protective barrier by trapping particles and pathogens present in the inhaled air, while the coordination of the cilia beating allows the directed transport of the mucus layer and its evacuation from the bronchi. The mechanical properties of mucus coupled with the coordination mechanisms of beating cilia are still poorly understood. My thesis work focused on two biophysical aspects of these mechanisms: i) the study of mucus rheology at two scales, in macro-rheology and by active micro-rheology using optical tweezers directly on the tissue; ii) the understanding and quantification of the spatiotemporal coordination of ciliary activity and on the associated mucus transport, by developing a new tool for processing video-microscopy images and data analysis
Wang, Ting. "Contribution à la commande de robots marcheurs bipèdes." Phd thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00789856.
Morin, Alexandre. "Colloidal flocks in challenging environments." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN047/document.
Directed collected motion within herds, swarms and flocks, is a phenomenon that takes place at all scales in living systems. Physicists have rationalized the emergence of such collective behavior. They have described these systems as active materials. These materials are assembled from self-propelled units that spontaneously move in the same direction. By experimentally studying synthetic flocks, this work uncovers some properties of polar active materials in situations that disfavor their self-organization: their dynamics in disordered environments and their response to external perturbations. Colloidal rollers with alignment interactions are confined within microfluidic devices. At high density, they spontaneously form a flock which is characterized by the emergence of orientational long-ranged order. These colloidal flocks are prototypical realizations of polar active matter. We have studied the response of a polar active liquid assembled from colloidal rollers. We have shown that they display a hysteretic response to longitudinal perturbations. We have theoretically accounted for this non-linear behavior. We have used this behavior to realize autonomous microfluidic oscillators. We have also studied the dynamics of colloidal flocks that propagate through heterogeneous environments. Randomly positioned obstacles focalize flocks along favored channels that form a sparse and tortuous network. Increasing disorder leads to the destruction of flocks. We have demonstrated that the suppression of collective motion is a discontinuous transition generic to all polar active materials
Deseigne, Julien. "Système expérimental modèle d'un fluide actif polaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567513.
Vezzani, Ilaria. "Langue et discours de la contestation. Enjeux et représentations des luttes sociales et politiques en Italie (1967 - 1980)." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01015847.
Gyawali, Prakash. "Terahertz spectroscopy of molecules and molecular complexes of atmospheric interest exhibiting large amplitude motions." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILR071.
The atmosphere comprises a diverse array of molecules and species. Among these, water vapor and its complexes have a significant role in the phenomenon of global warming and climate change. Spectroscopic analysis of such complexes is essential for understanding various atmospheric processes. However, there is still a limited knowledge on weakly bounded water complexes in the terahertz wave range due to their complex spectral features and experimental challenges. Spectral complexity often results from the large amplitude motions limited by low potential barriers.We present the development of pulsed-jet emission spectrometer intended for studies of molecular complexes in the terahertz range. Experimental developments were accompanied by benchmarking large amplitude motions models on the molecules of atmospheric interest. We started with acetyl halides exhibiting a periodic torsional motion of methyl group. We obtained accurate models of the rotational spectra of acetyl chloride and acetyl bromide within experimental accuracy. Subsequently, the rotational spectra of methylamine in its first excited torsional state were studied. Methylamine is characterized by two large amplitude motions: torsion and inversion. The rotational spectrum of methylamine was analyzed using the so-called "hybrid" model that for the first time allowed accurate assignment and modeling of the lowest excited torsional states. Finally, the high-resolution rotational spectra of ammonia-water weakly bounded complex were measured using the newly built spectrometer. For the analysis of ammonia-water which exhibits two large amplitude motions similar to methylamine, we also applied the "hybrid" approach demonstrating thus its advantage in the application to excited states and low barrier cases.Keywords: mm/sub-mm wave spectroscopy, large-amplitude motions, high-resolution, internal rotation, weakly bounded complex, pulse jet, chirped pulse
Louckx, Audrey. "Empowering voices: testimonial literature and social justice in contemporary American culture." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209257.
The purpose of this dissertation is to propose a theoretical model for the subgenre of testimonials of social empowerment. With the concept of empowerment as groundwork, the model develops a textual approach framed in a psychosocial structure. I argue that testimonials may be described as examples of Jürgen Habermas’s communicative action. As speech acts aimed at reaching understanding, testimonials capitalize both on the binding and bonding aspects of illocutionary force in the hope to secure with their audience an ongoing dialogue over issues of social justice. The volumes, as unofficial public spheres, mobilize the normative and practical dynamics at work in social movements. These dynamics express as two narrative guiding threads: an aesthetic based on impact, and an ethics based on responsibility. The texts’ aesthetic develops a form of perlocutionary realism instantiating a sense of authenticity and sincerity embodied in the narrators’ voices. The resulting impact is coupled to moral concerns based on a polysemic understanding of social responsibility, on which narrators seek to build their narratives’ ethical potential. A series of case studies allowed to demonstrate that both narrative threads are realized as an appropriation of four paradigmatic forms of rhetorical ethos, each based on a specific realm of the social world: intimacy, justice, spirituality and activism.
Doctorat en Langues et lettres
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished