Дисертації з теми "Mouvement de matière"
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Goldman, Bertrand. "Recherche d'étoiles du voisinage solaire par mouvement propre." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066307.
Повний текст джерелаJugnon, Alain. "Le théâtre du vivant : matière et mouvement dans la philosophie de la vie de Nietzsche et Simondon." Lyon 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO31005.
Повний текст джерелаMontana, Nicolas. "Calcul robuste d'enveloppe de solides en mouvement : application à la simulation de l'enlèvement de matière en usinage." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112340.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, the simulation of machining a workpiece by a CNC machine is an essential component of Computer Aided Manufacturing. It ensures that the workpiece meets the specifications imposed by the user and that no collision between machine elements occurs. Because of its industrial importance, numerous studies on this subject have been conducted, from the exact computation of the volume swept by a tool using differential equations, to volumic approaches such as Octrees or voxels. We propose to model polyhedral solids using mathematical objects called polyhedral chains. These objects, widely studied in geometric measure theory, allow us to present an unified framework for computing swept volumes and Minkowski sums. In order to do that, we introduce a concept similar to that of critical points for multivalued functions defined on polyhedral operands. We then describe our boolean algorithm that simulates the removal of the volume swept by the tool from the initial stock. This boolean algorithm takes into account solids described from the paradigm of polyhedral chains. The combinaison of this paradigm and geometric predicates based on multiprecision arithmetic provides this algorithm with performance and robustness. We finally present a innovative and reliable algorithm for machining simulation derived from our works on the computation of swept volumes and boolean operations, and various optimizations that make this algorithm fully efficient in an industrial context
Lesage, François. "Modélisation et expérimentation des transferts de matière et de quantité de mouvement dans les réacteurs à lit fixe." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00790847.
Повний текст джерелаRachih, Azeddine. "Étude numérique du transfert de matière à travers l'interface d'une goutte sphérique en mouvement : mise en évidence des effets 3D." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019INPT0033.
Повний текст джерелаThe space propulsion has been a political issue in the midst of the Cold War and remainsnowadays a strategic and industrial issue. The chemical propulsion on rocket engines is limited byits ejection velocity and its lifetime. Electric propulsion and more particularly Hall effect thrustersappear then as the most powerful and used technology for space satellite operation. The physicsinside a thruster is complex because of the electromagnetic fields and important collisionprocesses. Therefore, all specificities of the engine operation are not perfectly understood. Afterhundreds of hours of tests, thruster walls are curiously eroded and electromagnetic instabilities aredevelopping within the ionization chamber. The measured electron mobility is in contradiction withthe analytical models and raises issues on the plasma behavior inside the discharg chamber. As aresult, the AVIP code was developed to provide a massively parallel and unstructured 3D code toSafran Aircraft Engines modeling unsteady plasma inside the thruster. Lagrangian and Eulerianmethods are used and integrated in the solver and my work has focused on the development of afluid model which is faster and therefore better suited to industrial conception. The model is basedon a set of equations for neutrals, ions and electrons without drift-diffusion hypothesis, combinedwith a Poisson equation to describe the electric potential. A rigorous expression of collision termsand a precise description of the boundary conditions for sheaths have been established. Thismodel has been implemented numerically in an unstructured formalism and optimized to obtaingood performances on new computing architectures. The model and the numerical implementationallow us to perform a real Hall effect thruster simulation. Overall operating properties such as theacceleration of the ions or the location of the ionization zone are captured. Finally, a secondapplication has successfully reproduced azimuthal instabilities in the Hall thruster with the fluidmodel and justified the role of these instabilities in the anomalous electron transport and in theerosion of the walls
Candelier, Fabien. "Étude du mouvement libre d'une particule dans un fluide en rotation solide à faibles nombres de Reynolds : mise en évidence des forces d'histoire et d'inertie." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2005_CANDELIER_F.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe motion of a spherical inclusion released in a vertical solid-body rotation flow is investigated theoretically and experimentally. Solid spheres, bubbles and drop are considered. The particle Reynolds number and the Taylor number nimber are smaller than unity. The motion equations of the inclusion are obtained by revisiting the hydrodynamic equations. The axial (vertical) motion and the horizontal motion are uncoupled, even though they are sensitive to the rotation rate of the flow. Analytical solutions of the particle motin equation are compared to experimental results obtained by releasing a particle in a rotating tank filled-up with silicone oil. For solid spheres and bubbles, both the terminal velocity and the particle ejection rate (or trapping rate) predicted by the theory agree with experiments, without any empirical adjustment. Ln particular, the experimental device enables to check the validity of various theories involving solid or fluid inclusions with or without inertia or history effects. Ln agreement with Miyazaki's theory (1995), the mobility tensor of Herron, Davis and Bretherton (1975), obtained by writing the fluid motion equations in the rotating frame, accurately predicts the horizontal particle trajectory, like the Boussinesq-Basset equation obtained by writing the fluid motion equations in the non-rotating frame and neglecting the horizontal contribution of inertia effects
Geyer, Delphine. "Du mouvement au blocage collectif dans des assemblées de rouleurs colloïdaux : hydrodynamique et solidification des liquides polaires actifs." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN026/document.
Повний текст джерелаSpontaneous collective motion arises in many different systems, from assembly of synthetic shaken grains to living bird flocks. In order to understand the generic features of those collective behaviours, physisicts describe the flocks of motile units as ordered materials. In this thesis we study experimentally the dynamics of synthetic flocks and explore their hydrodynamic properties. We take advantage of the Quincke mechanism to motorize millions of colloids. Those Quincke rollers self-organize into a polar liquid, where all the particles, on average flow in the same direction. We provide the first experimental proof that the dynamics of polar liquids is well described by a theoretical prediction established more than twenty-five years ago. In particular, we demonstrate that two sound modes propagate along all directions of the fluid and we design a non invasive spectroscopic method to measure its hydrodynamics constants.Finally, we show that collective motion can be arrested in a dense flock. An active solid can nucleate, grow and propagate in a polar liquid. We establish that this solidification is a first order phase transition and demonstrate that the formation of this active solid is the first experimental proof of a complete motility induced phase separation of active particles (also known as MIPS)
Rebière-Cornet, Martine. "La société comme matière romanesque : convergences naturalistes dans les romans de Zola, Clarín, Pérez Galdos et Emilia Pardo Bazán." Bordeaux 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR30019.
Повний текст джерелаThis study entitled, "Society as a subject for a novel". The convergence of elements of Naturalism in the novels of Zola, Clarín, Pérez Galdós and Emilia Pardo Bazán, endeavours to analyze the influence of the author of the Rougon-Macquart series on his fellow spanish authors. The Second Empire and the Spanish Restoration period will be shown to have been at the forefront of the literary scene. In Zola's works and those of the spanish naturalist writers, the middle class and the working class will express the economic and social changes in each country and in modern society. In their novels, Zola and the spanish naturalists manage to depict the society in which they lived from a literary point of view through the use of naturalist description, free indirect speech and everyday language. Both physiological or sociological determinism will play their part in the creation of Zola's Characters and those of the Spanish naturalists. However Galdós, Clarín and doña Emilia Pardo Bazán will never portray their characters in the same primitive way as Zola. Finally, spanish naturalism will soon develop into a form of spiritualism that is more characteristic of the French literature of the second half of the nineteenth century, the period which heralded the Decadent movement
Kouassi, Kouadio. "La mise en mouvement de l'action civile devant les juridictions répressives en matière d'accidents de la circulation routière survenus en Côte d'Ivoire." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR30005.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is composed of two parts. The first one deals with the general rules of admissibility laid down in the code of criminal procedure. In this part the requirements of admissibility prescribed by section 2 subjection 1 are analysed. These conditions are two : first a criminal fault and secondly a direct and personal injury. But this study is not limited to the requirements of admissibility contained in the code of criminal procedure. In the second part, it also examines different other rules having an influence on the admissibility of the civil action. For, when there are particular rules establishing a special system of compensation of the victim or when there is a clash between bankruptcy rules and rules of the code of criminal procedure, the admissibility of the civil action is not submitted to the latter but to the demands of the social, political and economical background of the Ivory Coast
Bellini, Boris. "MOUVEMENT PHOTO-INDUIT : ETUDE EN MICROSCOPIE A FORCE ATOMIQUE ET MODELISATION PAR UNE MARCHE ALEATOIRE." Phd thesis, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011978.
Повний текст джерелаDans ce mémoire de thèse, nous proposons et discutons un modèle de marche aléatoire piloté par la lumière dans lequel la fonction azobenzène entraîne dans son mouvement la molécule à laquelle elle est attachée.
La partie expérimentale de ce travail repose sur des mesures en microscopie à force atomique des déformations photo-induites et sur l'étude de l'évolution des propriétés d'absorption des azo-molécules. Elle permet ainsi de dégager les principales caractéristiques du mouvement. Nous mettons également en évidence le phénomène de photo-blanchiment des fonctions azobenzène
La partie théorique commence par une présentation des hypothèses du modèle. Il s'agit d'un mouvement de diffusion pour lequel chaque pas de la marche aléatoire de la fonction azobenzène est induit par une absorption. Appliqué aux conditions expérimentales utilisées, c'est-à-dire à des couches de molécules, ce modèle rend compte de façon satisfaisante des déformations photo-induites observées.
Dans le cadre de ce modèle, et tenant compte de la durée d'activité optique des chromophores, nous estimons la distance sur laquelle peut être déplacée une molécule dotée d'une fonction azobenzène.
Nous discutons également l'origine microscopique de ce moteur moléculaire en le comparant au cliquet thermique largement utilisé par les biologistes.
Ishaque, Muhammad zahid. "Effets d'asymétrie structurale sur le mouvement induit par courant de parois de domaines magnétiques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00952766.
Повний текст джерелаCasiulis, Mathias. "Étude d'un modèle Hamiltonien de liquide non-Galiléen : du mouvement collectif sans activité." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS647.
Повний текст джерелаCollective motion, the spontaneous ordering of the velocities across a macroscopic system, is a hallmark of living systems like flocks of birds.It is captured by models of self-propelled particles, that are usually active: they do not conserve energy nor momentum. In my thesis, using notions from the theory of liquids, magnetism, and statistical mechanics, I study a conservative model of collective motion, composed of particles that carry spins, which are coupled to their velocities. I show that the alignment of spins creates an effective attraction, that is responsible for a phase separation between an isotropic gas and a ferroliquid. This phase separation ends in a tricritical point, from which stems the Curie line. I then establish the full phase diagram of the model with a spin-velocity coupling, varying its amplitude, the number of particles, the density, and the temperature.The conservation of momentum imposes that all polar phases move collectively. At low temperatures and densities, I show that the system spontaneously generates alignment defects so as to stop moving, and thus escapes a high kinetic energy cost. I also show that the system can go from an apolar state to a polar one as the temperature increases, betraying an order-by-disorder phenomenon. Finally, I show that the dynamics of the system is well described by an effective model of self-propelled particles, with a rotational inertia that soars at the rigidity transition. At high inertia, the system moves with spontaneous turns and rotations caused by the conservation of angular momentum
Boutillon, Isabelle. "Le traité de coopération en matière de brevets (PCT) : à la recherche d'un équilibre en mouvement sans cesse réinventé : le modèle d'un système fondamentalement international et multilatéral." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAA003/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) is the basis for the only international system for the filing of international patent applications (with almost 150 Contracting States at the beginning of 2016, more than 100 patent offices, more than 20 international authorities and more than 200,000 filings per year). A system whose basic principles are both so simple and clear, while being so complex and detailed in its functioning. How does its 1960-70 pioneer character still manifest itself today? How does its legal framework composed of numerous texts evolve while the treaty has not changed? Mastering the legal architecture of its texts and its evolution mechanism requires a deep study, calling upon both the letter and the spirit of the text of the treaty, and an analysis which will lead well beyond its spirit, and possibly even against its letter. The letter and the spirit of the text, considered in space and time, as well as the numerous actors sharing power, in an attempt to understand how the system as a whole never stops reinventing its equilibrium in an international and multilateral context
Li, Xiaozhao. "Étude numérique du mouvement et de la déformation d'une capsule suspendue dans un écoulement visqueux." Compiègne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987COMPD088.
Повний текст джерелаGarrido, Olivia. "Etude des propriétés cinématiques et de la distribution de matière d'un échantillon de galaxies spirales et irrégulières." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010386.
Повний текст джерелаMartinez, Carreaux Francisco Javier. "Force de résistance au mouvement d'un objet dans un milieu granulaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00968674.
Повний текст джерелаTruchot, Pierre. "Peinture et durée : l'évolution sémantique du mouvement et du temps dans l'histoire de la peinture occidentale (de l'icône à la peinture contemporaine)." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010582.
Повний текст джерелаGlencross, James. "Un thème médiéval dans le romantisme français : la "matière de Bretagne" dans la critique littéraire et dans l'érudition de 1800 à 1860." Grenoble 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE39025.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis aims to examine the views of literary critics and scholars of the first half of the nineteenth century on one of the theree branches of medieval french literature in jehan bodel's classification, the "matter of britain". The study of the contribution of literary criticism to the understanding of medieval and in particular arthurian texts takes as its framework the literary debate on romanticism and its consequences. Against this background it attempts to show how attitudes towards the texts reflect some of the general trends of french romanticism. In relation to works of scholarship of the period the thesis studies to what extent the views of scholars, especially in the areas of the aesthetic value of the texts and the origins of the matter of britain, are also a reflection of concerns which can be called "romantic"
Palermo, Chiara. "Peindre la chair : le mouvement de l'image dans l'oeuvre de Chaïm Soutine." Thesis, Dijon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013DIJOL020.
Повний текст джерелаThe work of painters who lived in Paris at the beginning of the 20th century mainly consisted in a negation of representation which was not unrelated to the negation of the object-painting itself: Chaïm Soutine brings a deep radical change to this artistic approach. The purpose of our study, according to Soutine’s work, is not its painting, but the action of painting, of "painting the flesh," in order to redefine thereby painting as praxis, and, in turn, philosophy as a practice which must create its own making. Indeed, the denial of the paradigm of representation in painting led us to extend our work to the expressive dynamic reflection of contemporary art and especially to the foundations of philosophical practice considered in the essence of his expressive movement. In this regard, the theme of ‘Flesh’ is a perfect illustration, within painting and philosophy, of a dualism. Our work ambition is to go beyond this dualism. A critical dualism which polarises itself around the opposition between the image as a print-copy/ reproduction and the image as a self –referential. The ontological approach to the 'image' and the 'sensible', drawn by Merleau-Ponty's thought, defines the flesh as pregnancy, that is to say as a Being differentiating of itself which we can only apprehend by renewing our thought following the same differentiation of itself. Our analysis of Chaïm Soutine’s painting lead us to rethink the phenomenon of aesthetics, and, beyond that, to rethink the Being of every phenomena and every appearance without making reference to oppositional forms and ways of thinking from the idealist legacy of philosophy and aesthetics
Declerck, Gunnar. "Phénoménologie et psychologie du tangible : éléments pour une théorie de la valeur cognitive et pratique de la résistance." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1865.
Повний текст джерелаMan, even though hem ay sometimes dream of being a pure spirit free from all materialconstraints, actually exists as a body in a world which is itself essentially constructed as a spatialized system of bodies ; and in this constructed world features such as resistance, impenetrability, inertia, weight and forces are not accidents or exceptions but the rule. The reflexions presented in this work aim at elucidating on a phenomenological level the relation that man entertains with the tangible aspects of his environment, and the function that this relation plays in the construction of the differents sectors of his existence. The first of the sectors is perception : the opening on an ambient world that is pregnant with organisation and meaning. On the one hand, we shall take into account and conceptualize the way in which the tangibility of the world (the testing experience that the individual can have of resistance of his environment in the frame of a direct bodily relation with that environment, but more generally the understanding that the individual possesses of the very possibility of such a relation) participates in setting up the rationality by which man renders his world intelligible. On the other hand, we shall identify the structures of « subjectivity » (to speak the language of psychology, the structures of cognition) which make possible the specific way in which man constructs his experience and understanding of tangible resistance – whether this resistance is perceived in the context of an actual bodily engagement, or whether it is envisaged « indirectly » in the guise of a « simple » possibility. We shall show here, on the basis of phenomenological analyses as well as elements coming from empirical psychology (experimental psychology as well as neuropsychology), that the relation that ma has with the resistance of his ambient world depends on an opening towards the possible; and that the organisation of the ambient world in the form of a space which can contain material structures, or structures capable of opposing a resistance to the body, depends on a rationality which consists of making phenomena intelligible by interpreting them with reference to those capacities for action and for passion which the body confers on us, to the power that the body provides us with and the constraints to which it submits us. Thus, even though the realm of material things – tangible objects, bodies – functions as an archetype of « presense » and of « being » (indeed, what is more « real » than a body ?), in the last resort it gains its phenomenal character form the fact that it crystallizes for the person who perceives it a stream of virtual possibilities; hence, the here-and-now presence of the « tangible world » is in an essential way indebted to the realm of that which is not actually realized
Mac, Thi-Bich-Ngoc. "Modélisation des suspensions de particules actives : application à la motilité séminale." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2581/.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis wc study collective motions of self-propelled particles. This work consists of three parts. In the first part, we consider an lndividual-Based Model for self-rotating particles interacting through local alignment and investigate its macroscopic Iimit. We study the mean-field kinetic and hydrodynamic limits of this system within two different scalings. In the small angular velocity regime, the resulting model is a slight modification of the " Self-Organised Hydrodynamic " model which has been previously inltroduced by Degond and Motsch. In the large angular velocity Case, the macroscopic model obtained is more complex. A preliminary study of the linearized stability is proposed. In the second part, we study a macroscopic model for a system of self-propelled particles which interact with their neighbors via alignment and repulsion. We provide a numerical validation of the continuum model by comparison with the particle model. The existence of local solutions of this macroscopic model is also studied. The last part concerns experimental investigation of collective behavior of simple robots in a confined ring
Malhan, Khyati. "Stellar streams as probes of dark matter : search and dynamical analysis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAE027/document.
Повний текст джерелаTidal stellar streams are pristine star structures that play central role in addressing long standing mysteries of the Galactic archaeology. Since streams are orbital in nature, they inherently possess the characteristics of unravelling the underlying mass distribution of the galaxy, and can be used to probe the shape of the dark matter halo. Besides testing the ‘hierarchical merging’ scenario of galaxy formation, stream gaps can also provide indirect evidence for the existence of dark matter sub-halos (thereby, in principle, constraining the nature of the dark matter particle itself). Due to all these reasons, the dynamical analysis of stellar streams of the Milky Way Galaxy naturally becomes one of the interesting problems. However, the foremost challenge is to detect these structures. During the thesis, STREAMFINDER algorithm (a state of the art algorithm) was designed to systematically process the Gaia dataset (ESA’s novel astrophysical catalogue containing unprecedented astrometric solutions of over 1.6 billion stars) for the detection of the stellar streams of the Milky Way. This hefty endeavour led to the detection of 10 high confidence stream structures, of which 5 were reported as new discoveries.This harvest of structures also facilitated, for the first time, creation of a panoramic structural and kinematic map of the stellar streams of the Milky Way halo, taking our community a step further in unravelling the complex formation history of our Galaxy. This project was instantly followed by the orbital analysis of one of the detected streams (namely GD-1) to explore the improvements in the gravitational potential models of our Galaxy. The constraints on the Milky Way’s mass and that on the shape of its dark matter halo, that were obtained by simply employing this single stream, revealed the potential power the analysis of an ensemble of streams would hold in in probing the overall galactic mass distribtuion of our Galaxy. Thereby, the thesis paved way for new discoveries of the stellar substructures, also highlighting the future prospects in this field
Khalifé, Maya. "Mesure de pression non-invasive par imagerie cardiovasculaire et modélisation unidimensionnelle de l'aorte." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00998386.
Повний текст джерелаDucasse, Lauris. "Mouvements collectifs de particules en turbulence : collisions et concentration préférentielle." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4115.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis encompasses numerical studies of problems concerning the dynamics of particles in turbulent flows. Turbulence has been modelised using a random Fourier modes method known as kinematic simulations allowing us to change the parameters of the problem for a low numerical cost. The main part of the dissertation analyses the properties of the collision rate of inertial particles in dilute systems compatible which meteorogical situations. The collision rate is estimated using a Lagrangian method recently proposed by Falkovich and Pumir (2007) and systematically compared which direct numerical measurements. The contribution of the sling effect, originally introduced by Falkovich et al. (2002), to the collision rate has been quantified following this approach. The results show that this latter is negligible in the limit of very small Stokes numbers (adimensionned relaxation time of the particles), so that the enhancement of the collision rate with respect to the case of tracers can only be explained by preferential concentration. On the other hand, the sling contribution increases sharply when the Stokes number exceeds a threshold around St = 0. 3 and can become dominant if the gravity is not too strong. A second part concerns the properties of the distributions of tracers on compressible surface flows. The second moment of these distributions has been computed explicitly in both inertial and dissipative range allowing us to quantify the fluctuations of the coarse grained concentration field (preferential concentration) with respect to the scale. The results let appear some similitudes with the case of inertial particles in incompressible flows
Loutia, Amine. "La financiarisation des matières premières et des marchandises : formation des prix et co-mouvements." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01E045.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this doctoral thesis is to examine the commodity's financialization impact on the commodity markets. ln particular, we focus on its two main consequences; namely the informational role and the correlation between the commodities markets. This thesis consists of three chapters that can be read independently. ln the first chapter, we examine the OPEC's production announcements' informational impact on crude oil's price between 1991 and 2015. ln this analysis, we employ the event study methodology in association with an EGARCH (Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedastic) model, unlike the relevant literature, to take into consideration the volatile nature of crude oil prices. ln addition, we use two different crude oil price benchmarks (The Western Texas Intermediate (WTI) and the BRENT). Our methodology provides us with some new results. Especially, OPEC's role depends on the crude oil's price level and is more pronounced when this level is low. Moreover, the maintain and the cut production announcements are the most influential. However, their effect is different depending on the benchmark used. The second chapter is very similar to the previous chapter as it employs the same methodology to analyze the effects of OPEC' s announcements. Nevertheless, in sharp contrast to the previous chapter and unlike the existing literature, this chapter examines OPEC's production decisions impact on stocks prices including ail the economic sectors by appropriately using a 3-factor Fama French model. Our results indicate that OPECs announcements effect is higher during oil price's turbulent times and depends on industries specific characteristics. Furthermore, the increase and cut production announcements are the most significant respectively. The last chapter is dedicated to the second aspect of the financialization phenomenon examined in this thesis that is the commodities dependence structure. In this study, we employ the ADCC (Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlations) to mode! the correlations in association with a Markovian changing regimes model to highlight the correlations cycles evolution over time. Our results show a greater integration of the commodities markets and an alteration of the price discovery process
Boulier, Philippe. "Cosmologie et science de la nature chez Francis Bacon et Galilée." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040152.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, historians of science usually considered that Francis Bacon and Galileo had respectively played their role in the merging of modern science, but, at the end of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century, Scientific Revolution has been strictly reduced to the elaboration of mathematical physics, which had for consequence to exclude Bacon from the history of science. Our aim is to underline the exact nature of the difference between those two authors. In the first part, we deal with the cosmological problems. What arguments did Galileo produce to sustain his public commitment for the Copernican system, from 1610 to 1616, until the first condemnation of copernicanism by the Roman Church ? For what reasons did Bacon reject most of Galileo’s astronomical discoveries ? Why Bacon, who clearly perceived the fact that the geocentric theory lacked systematic character, refused heliocentrism ? In the second part, we deal with the methodological questions, we analyse matter theories and the science of motion. What is the role of sense perception and what is the fonction of mathematics in Bacon’s theories ? What is the significance of his theory of motion, which multiplies the objects of study, proposing a typology of concrete movements, while mathematical physics aims at reducing any motion to the rectilinear inertial movement ? What is the fonction of the mathematical atomism proposed by Galileo ? In what measure does his science of motion distinguish from the baconian approach ? We think that the fondamental difference between the science of Galileo and the theories of Bacon consists in the nature of the experiments and observations used, and in the type of abstraction they are looking for in natural philosophy
BENDARAG, ABDESADIK. "Etude complete du mouvement collectif de la matiere nucleaire dans les collisions centrales d'ions lourds avec le detecteur fopi." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CLF22143.
Повний текст джерелаCisse, Ousmane. "L’assistance administrative, en matière fiscale, dans l’union européenne." Thesis, Paris 13, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA131045.
Повний текст джерелаThe administrative assistance, in tax matters, in the European Union
Bruneleau, Natacha. "Le dispositif PIRENEA dans l'étude des interactions gaz/grain dans la chimie interstellaire : mise en place d'une procédure expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00262417.
Повний текст джерелаCe travail de thèse s'inscrit dans ce cadre et vise à explorer expérimentalement les interactions gaz/grain sur des nanograins de type molécules polycycliques aromatiques hydrogénées (PAH) à différentes températures. Il utilise le dispositif expérimental PIRENEA (Piège à Ions pour la Recherche et l'Étude de Nouvelles Espèces Astrochimiques) qui présente l'originalité de coupler les performances d'un instrument de spectrométrie de masse à résonance cyclotronique ionique à transformée de Fourier (FTICR-MS) avec un environnement cryogénique. Grâce à ce dispositif, le PAH peut être isolé de son environnement comme dans l'espace interstellaire et ses propriétés peuvent être étudiées à l'aide d'une interface photophysique (lampe UV-visible) et d'une interface chimique pour l'injection de gaz.
Notre étude concerne la réactivité de C24H11+ (cation du coronène déshydrogéné) avec la molécule H2O à basses températures entre 35 K et 300 K. Dans un premier temps, nous montrerons comment la densité de molécules d'H2O dans la cellule ICR peut être quantifiée à toutes ces températures par mesure traditionnelle de la pression et par mesure de l'amortissement du mouvement cyclotronique des ions. Ces résultats nous ont permis de tracer l'évolution du taux de réaction de C24H11+ + H2O avec la température du piège. Aucune dépendance avec la température n'a été mise en évidence. Nous confronterons et discuterons les résultats obtenus avec des calculs ab-initio.
Jia, Yabo. "Numerical simulation of steady states associated with thermomechanical processes." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEE007.
Повний текст джерелаIn the numerous thermomechanical manufacturing processes such as rolling, welding, or even machining involve either moving loads with respect to the fixed material or moving material with respect to fixed loads. In all cases, after a transient regime which is generally quite short, the thermal, metallurgical, and mechanical fields associated with these processes reach a steady state. The search for these stationary states using the classical finite element method requires the implementation of complex and expensive models where the loads move with respect to the material (or vice versa). The steady-state simulation in one increment has been the subject of much researches over the past thirty years. Methods are now available and some are integrated into calculation codes commercial. Thus, a so-called Moving Reference Frame method proposed by various authors is available in the SYSWELD software. This method makes it possible to calculate the steady-state of thermal, metallurgical, and mechanical states associated with a welding process, by solving a thermal diffusion-convection problem in thermal-metallurgy and by integrating, in mechanics, the constitutive equations of the material along the streamline. Moreover, this method has been used successfully in many applications, it nevertheless has some limitations. Thus the mesh must be structured and the convergence of computations is generally quite slow. In this thesis, we propose to solve the mechanical problem in a frame linked to the solicitations, by relying on a finite element calculation method based on nodal integration and the SCNI (Stabilized Conforming Numerical Integration) technique. This method allows the use of tetrahedron meshes (or 2D triangles) without encountering a locking problem resulting from the plastic incompressibility associated with the von Mises plasticity criterion. Rather than directly calculating the steady-state, the general idea here is to construct the steady-state from a transient analysis by bringing material step by step upstream and by making it exit downstream of a fixed mesh related to the solicitations and of the limited mesh size. The steady-state is therefore only achieved after certain steps of analysis. Apart from a general introduction (Chapter 1) and a state of the art on the existing methods (Chapter 2), we present an approach of simulation of the movement of material within the framework of the classical finite element method on a welding problem (Chapter 3). We also provide relevant thermal boundary conditions for directly calculating the steady-state of temperature distribution. The finite element method based on the nodal integration technique is then described in Chapter 4. The advantages and disadvantages of the method are discussed. The nodal-integration-based finite element is validated by comparing its simulation results with classical finite element methods in large elastoplastic strains, a bending problem, and a thermomechanical simulation of welding. The nodal-integration-based finite element is then developed and applied to simulate material motion (Chapter 5). Three types of movement are considered: translational, circular, and helical. Different methods of field transport are approached and discussed as well as thermomechanical coupling. Perspectives for this work are presented in Chapter 6. The envisaged perspectives aim, on the one hand, to improve the proposed method and on the other hand, to develop the method to simulate other processes. A first application of the material motion method to the simulation of the orthogonal cut is presented there
Metzler, Jan Christian. "De/Formationen : Autorschaft, Körper und Materialität im expressionistischen Jahrzehnt /." Bielefeld : Aisthesis Verl, 2003. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39287746j.
Повний текст джерелаMahault, Benoît. "Outstanding problems in the statistical physics of active matter." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS250/document.
Повний текст джерелаActive matter, i.e. nonequilibrium systems composed of many particles capable of exploiting the energy present in their environment in order to produce systematic motion, has attracted much attention from the statistical mechanics and soft matter communities in the past decades. Active systems indeed cover a large variety of examples that range from biological to granular. This Ph.D. focusses on the study of minimal models of dry active matter (when the fluid surrounding particles is neglected), such as the Vicsek model: point-like particles moving at constant speed and aligning their velocities with those of their neighbors locally in presence of noise, that defines a nonequilibrium universalilty class for the transition to collective motion. Four current issues have been addressed: The definition of a new universality class of dry active matter with polar alignment and apolar motion, showing a continuous transition to quasilong-range polar order with continuously varying exponents, analogous to the equilibrium XY model, but that does not belong to the Kosterlitz-Thouless universality class. Then, the study of the faithfulness of kinetic theories for simple Vicsek-style models and their comparison with results obtained at the microscopic and hydrodynamic levels. Follows a quantitative assessment of Toner and Tu theory, which has allowed to compute the exponents characterizing fluctuations in the flocking phase of the Vicsek model, from large scale numerical simulations of the microscopic dynamics. Finally, the establishment of a formalism allowing for the derivation of hydrodynamic field theories for dry active matter models in three dimensions, and their study at the linear level
Duclos, Guillaume. "Active Cellular Nematics." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066498.
Повний текст джерелаElongated, weakly interacting, apolar cells cultured at confluence align together, forming large domains where they are perfectly ordered. Using concepts from the active matter theory and the physics of liquid crystals, we study the emergence of this mesoscopic nematic order by quantifying the ordering dynamics in two-dimensional infinite monolayers or under confinement. Topological defects have been found to play a crucial role in the self-organization of active biological systems. We study the dynamics of the disclinations that form in these cellular contractile nematics. Being driven out of equilibrium by the consumption of energy by individual cells, the monolayer exhibits complex flow patterns as defects migrate spontaneously and annihilate pairwise. By comparing our experimental results to a nematic drop model, we show that the self-organization of the cellular nematic layer with no boundary conditions or under circular confinement is dictated by the minimization of the splay and bend distortions of the tissue
Vaux, Richard. "L' Europe face aux mouvements d'objets d'art : orientations et limites de la coopération européenne en matière de régulation des flux commerciaux et de lutte contre les trafics illicites de biens culturels mobiliers." Paris 8, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA081908.
Повний текст джерелаRodrigues, Ferreira Elizabete. "Finite-amplitude waves in deformed elastic materials." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210464.
Повний текст джерелаAprès un rappel des équations de base de l'élasticité non linéaire (Chapitre 1), on considère tout d'abord la classe générale des matériaux incompressibles. Pour ces matériaux, on montre que la propagation d'ondes transversales polarisées linéairement est possible pour des choix appropriés des directions de polarisation et de propagation. De plus, on propose des généralisations des modèles classiques de "Mooney-Rivlin" et "néo-Hookéen" qui conduisent à de nouvelles solutions. Bien que le contexte soit tri-dimensionnel, il s'avère que toutes ces ondes sont régies par des équations d'ondes scalaires non linéaires uni-dimensionelles. Dans le cas de solutions du type ondes simples, on met en évidence une propriété remarquable du flux et de la densité d'énergie.
Dans les Chapitres 3 et 4, on se limite à un modèle particulier de matériaux compressibles appelé "modèle restreint de Blatz-Ko", qui est une version compressible du modèle néo-Hookéen.
En milieu infini (Chapitre 3), on montre que des ondes transversales polarisées linéairement, faisant intervenir deux variables spatiales, peuvent se propager. Bien que la théorie soit non linéaire, le champ de déplacement de ces ondes est régi par une version anisotrope de l'équation d'onde bi-dimensionnelle classique. En particulier, on présente des solutions à symétrie "cylindrique elliptique" analogues aux ondes cylindriques. Comme cas particulier, on obtient aussi des ondes planes inhomogènes atténuées à la fois dans l'espace et dans le temps. De plus, on montre que diverses superpositions appropriées de solutions sont possibles. Dans chaque cas, on étudie les propriétés du flux et de la densité d'énergie. En particulier, dans le cas de superpositions il s'avère que des termes d'interactions interviennent dans les expressions de la densité et du flux d'énergie.
Finalement (Chapitre 4), on présente une solution exacte qui constitue une généralisation non linéaire de l'onde de Love classique. On considère ici un espace semi-infini, appelé "substrat" recouvert par une couche. Le substrat et la couche sont constitués de deux matériaux restreints de Blatz-Ko pré-déformés. L'onde non linéaire de Love est constituée d'un mouvement non atténué dans la couche et d'une onde plane inhomogène dans le substrat, choisies de manière à satisfaire aux conditions aux limites. La relation de dispersion qui en résulte est analysée en détail. On présente de plus des propriétés générales du flux et de la densité d'énergie dans le substrat et dans la couche.
The context of this thesis is the non linear elasticity theory, also called "finite elasticity".
Results are obtained for finite-amplitude waves in non linear elastic materials which are first subjected to a large homogeneous static deformation. Although the materials are assumed to be isotropic, anisotropic behaviour for wave propagation is induced by the static deformation.
After recalling the basic equations of the non linear elasticity theory (Chapter 1), we first consider general incompressible materials. For such materials, linearly polarized transverse plane waves solutions are obtained for adequate choices of the polarization and propagation directions (Chapter 2). Also, extensions of the classical Mooney-Rivlin and neo-Hookean models are introduced, for which more solutions are obtained. Although we use the full three dimensional elasticity theory, it turns out that all these waves are governed by scalar one-dimensional non linear wave equations. In the case of simple wave solutions of these equations, a remarkable property of the energy flux and energy density is exhibited.
In Chapter 3 and 4, a special model of compressible material is considered: the special Blatz-Ko model, which is a compressible counterpart of the incompressible neo-Hookean model.
In unbounded media (Chapter 3), linearly polarized two-dimensional transverse waves are obtained. Although the theory is non linear, the displacement field of these waves is governed by a linear equation which may be seen as an anisotropic version of the classical two-dimensional wave equation. In particular, solutions analogous to cylindrical waves, but with an "elliptic cylindrical symmetry" are presented. Special solutions representing "damped inhomogeneous plane waves" are also derived: such waves are attenuated both in space and time. Moreover, various appropriate superpositions of solutions are shown to be possible. In each case, the properties of the energy density and the energy flux are investigated. In particular, in the case of superpositions, it is seen that interaction terms enter the expressions for the energy density and the energy flux.
Finally (Chapter 4), an exact finite-amplitude Love wave solution is presented. Here, an half-space, called "substrate", is assumed to be covered by a layer, both made of different prestrained special Blatz-Ko materials. The Love surface wave solution consists of an unattenuated wave motion in the layer and an inhomogeneous plane wave in the substrate, which are combined to satisfy the exact boundary conditions. A dispersion relation is obtained and analysed. General properties of the energy flux and the energy density in the substrate and the layer are exhibited.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Imbert, David. "Propagation d'ondes acoustiques dans une suspension de grains mobiles immergés : couplage de modèles discret et continu par la méthode des domaines fictifs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00955389.
Повний текст джерелаLee, Ga-Young. "Création d'une pratique théorique, d'une théorie pratique à partir des quatre éléments : les quatre éléments comme expérience des matières corporelles et comme idées qui stimulent les sensations et l'imagination pour la danse." Nice, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NICE2015.
Повний текст джерелаThis project of research - creation is born from the desire to make intelligeble the logic of the birth of the movement such as the dancer feels it. The birth of the dance movement works with the birth of ideas. How do the physical materials give birth to ideas? How can the ideas produce physical materials? To answer these questions, the experiences of the choreographer dancer are analyzed during the process of a creation on the four elements. The work on the element « Earth » clarifies the relationship between the dancer and gravity. It is the emotional dimension of gravity's effects which triggers each of the movements of the choreography. The work on the element « Air » examines the question of the kinesthetic empathy. A dance is offered which is not to be looked at any more but listened to. The emotional state of the sick body is the raw material of the work on the element « Fire ». The analysis of the way in which society behaves in front of the strangeness of this body brings to light the theoretical violence which is inflicted on the emotional flesh. A choreography attempts to give back a voice to this emotional body. From the experience of the weightlessness such as lived in the water, the work on the element « Water » advances towards the realization of a videography which expresses the intimate and vertiginous experience of the body melting with the water. This first stage of the work, descriptive and experimental, enables a specific method to be established: «the intimate look», which searches in the depths of the sensitive layers of the body and which gives up the concepts inherited from the outside the world. The second section of the work relies on this look to describe the experience which the dancer has of the spatiality and temporality. Through the fold, the dancer looks inwards and feels the interior space. This inward look is also a further recall of past experiences. Dance lives in this intimate past. In the heart of this intimacy, the dynamics which bind the impulse of the flesh to the impulse of the mind can then be described. The creations are presented during the defense and reveal these dynamics
Nowak, Jean-Jacques. "Le syndrôme néerlandais : quelques développements par la théorie du commerce international." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010073.
Повний текст джерелаThe dutch disease is that phenomenon whereby a boom in one tradable sector of the economy cause distress in other tradable sectors as both output and factor incomes fall. The purpose of this thesis was first to study if all tradables were in fact affected by the same manner : must a boom necessarily create a contraction in all other traditional tradables? The answer is no if one consider the interindustry flows in the booming economy. Some empirical results on the Nigerian experience tend to confirm the main characteristics of our model. The second purpose of this thesis was to analyse the consequences from the welfare point of view of some particular distorsions (real wage rigidity, increasing returns to scale. . . ) In a small open economy affected by a boom. It appears that the so-called dutch disease may be a matter of concern only in the presence of distorsions. This study is also an attempt to join the analysis of the dutch disease to those of immiserising growth
Zilber, Nicolas. "ERF and scale-free analyses of source-reconstructed MEG brain signals during a multisensory learning paradigm." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00984990.
Повний текст джерелаMorin, Alexandre. "Colloidal flocks in challenging environments." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN047/document.
Повний текст джерелаDirected collected motion within herds, swarms and flocks, is a phenomenon that takes place at all scales in living systems. Physicists have rationalized the emergence of such collective behavior. They have described these systems as active materials. These materials are assembled from self-propelled units that spontaneously move in the same direction. By experimentally studying synthetic flocks, this work uncovers some properties of polar active materials in situations that disfavor their self-organization: their dynamics in disordered environments and their response to external perturbations. Colloidal rollers with alignment interactions are confined within microfluidic devices. At high density, they spontaneously form a flock which is characterized by the emergence of orientational long-ranged order. These colloidal flocks are prototypical realizations of polar active matter. We have studied the response of a polar active liquid assembled from colloidal rollers. We have shown that they display a hysteretic response to longitudinal perturbations. We have theoretically accounted for this non-linear behavior. We have used this behavior to realize autonomous microfluidic oscillators. We have also studied the dynamics of colloidal flocks that propagate through heterogeneous environments. Randomly positioned obstacles focalize flocks along favored channels that form a sparse and tortuous network. Increasing disorder leads to the destruction of flocks. We have demonstrated that the suppression of collective motion is a discontinuous transition generic to all polar active materials
Allard, Baptiste. "Gaz bidimensionnels désordonnés : diffusion et transition superfluide." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00777687.
Повний текст джерелаGauvin, Ludovic. "Essais sur l’interdépendance internationale et la propagation des chocs." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100182.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough international cooperation has been improved, national political issues are often outweighing international ones. Keeping in mind all this complexity which comes with international relations, we will explore several avenues of research on international linkages and economic policy spillovers.First, in order to better understand the international issue of forward guidance in case of ZLB, we develop a two-country general equilibrium model with price rigidities. We show that the augmented Taylor rule when the economy is at the zero bound, and the commitment to follow this rule, may help the economy to react in a smoother way to adverse productivity news shocks.Second, we examine the extent to which uncertainty with regard to macroeconomic policies in advanced countries spills over to emerging markets via gross portfolio bond and equity flows. We find that the impact of fluctuations in policy uncertainty on portfolio equity flows differs markedly depending on whether changes in policy uncertainty originate from the US or the EU. The size and direction of these spillover effects depends on the level of global risk, with increased European policy uncertainty only having a negative impact on bond inflows into EMEs when global risk is high. For equity inflows, the level of country-specific sovereign default risk also matters for nonlinearities.Finally, given the dependence of some commodity exporters to Chinese investment-led growth policies, we assess the potential impact of a Chinese hard-landing. According to our estimates, Latin American countries would be hardest hit, followed by Asia (ex. China); advanced economies would be less affected
Deseigne, Julien. "Système expérimental modèle d'un fluide actif polaire." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00567513.
Повний текст джерелаMarchetti, Benjamin. "Sédimentation de particules : effets collectifs et filaments déformables." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0364/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first part, a jointed experimental and numerical study examining the influence of vortical structures on the settling of a cloud of solid spherical particles under the action of gravity at low Stokes numbers is presented. We use electro-convection to generate a two-dimensional array of controlled vortices which mimics a simplified vortical flow. Particle image-velocimetry and tracking are used to examine the motion of the cloud within this vortical flow. The cloud is modeled as a set of point-particles for which the hydrodynamic interaction is preponderant. The cloud behavior (trajectory, velocity, aspect ratio, break-up time …) is compared to the predictions of a two-way-coupling numerical simulation. In the second part, a jointed experimentally and numerical study on the dynamics of slender flexible filaments settling in a viscous fluid at low Reynolds number is presented. The equilibrium state of a flexible fiber settling in a viscous fluid is examined using a combination of macroscopic experiments, numerical simulations and scaling arguments. We identify three regimes having different signatures on this equilibrium configuration of the elastic filament: a weak deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling perpendicular to the gravity; a large deformation regime wherein the drag is proportional to the fiber velocity settling parallel to the gravity and an intermediate elastic reconfiguration regime where the filament deforms to adopt a shape with a smaller drag which is no longer linearly proportional to the velocity but to the square root of the velocity
Wang, Yan. "Etude de la méthode de Boltzmann sur réseau pour la segmentation d'anévrismes cérébraux." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0078/document.
Повний текст джерелаCerebral aneurysm is a fragile area on the wall of a blood vessel in the brain, which can rupture and cause major bleeding and cerebrovascular accident. The segmentation of cerebral aneurysm is a primordial step for diagnosis assistance, treatment and surgery planning. Unfortunately, manual segmentation is still an important part in clinical angiography but has become a burden given the huge amount of data generated by medical imaging systems. Automatic image segmentation techniques provides an essential way to easy and speed up clinical examinations, reduce the amount of manual interaction and lower inter operator variability. The main purpose of this PhD work is to develop automatic methods for cerebral aneurysm segmentation and measurement. The present work consists of three main parts. The first part deals with giant aneurysm segmentation containing lumen and thrombus. The methodology consists of first extracting the lumen and thrombus using a two-step procedure based on the LBM, and then refining the shape of the thrombus using level set technique. In this part the proposed method is also compared with manual segmentation, demonstrating its good segmentation accuracy. The second part concerns a LBM approach to vessel segmentation in 2D+t images and to cerebral aneurysm segmentation in 3D medical images through introducing a LBM D3Q27 model, which allows achieving a good segmentation and high robustness to noise. The last part investigates a true 4D segmentation model by considering the 3D+t data as a 4D hypervolume and using a D4Q81 lattice in LBM where time is considered in the same manner as for other three dimensions for the definition of particle moving directions in the LBM model
Gareau, Marc-André D. "Association entre les mouvements périodiques des jambes au cours du sommeil et l’intégrité de la matière blanche cérébrale." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18907.
Повний текст джерелаLeclerc-Chevrier, Marie-Évelyne. "Modeler l'image et le mouvement en animation en volume : quand la matière entraîne le corps dans une relation d'échange." Thesis, 2008. http://spectrum.library.concordia.ca/976030/1/MR45469.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLorrain, Olivier. "ANALYSES EXPERIMENTALES ET NUMERIQUES DU PROCEDE DE SOUDAGE PAR FRICTION MALAXAGE FSW." Phd thesis, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00515112.
Повний текст джерела