Статті в журналах: "Motion reconstruction"

1

Cavadas, P. C., A. Pérez-García, A. Thione, and C. Lorca-García. "Single-stage reconstruction of flexor tendons with vascularized tendon transfers." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 40, no. 3 (January 15, 2014): 259–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193413520277.

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The reconstruction of finger flexor tendons with vascularized flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) tendon grafts (flaps) based on the ulnar vessels as a single stage is not a popular technique. We reviewed 40 flexor tendon reconstructions (four flexor pollicis longus and 36 finger flexors) with vascularized FDS tendon grafts in 38 consecutive patients. The donor tendons were transferred based on the ulnar vessels as a single-stage procedure (37 pedicled flaps, three free flaps). Four patients required composite tendon and skin island transfer. Minimum follow-up was 12 months, and functional results were evaluated using a total active range of motion score. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the factors that could be associated with the postoperative total active range of motion. The average postoperative total active range of motion (excluding the thumbs) was 178.05° (SD 50°). The total active range of motion was significantly lower for patients who were reconstructed with free flaps and for those who required composite tendon and skin island flap. Age, right or left hand, donor/motor tendon and pulley reconstruction had no linear effect on total active range of motion. Overall results were comparable with a published series on staged tendon grafting but with a lower complication rate. Vascularized pedicled tendon grafts/flaps are useful in the reconstruction of defects of finger flexor tendons in a single stage, although its role in the reconstructive armamentarium remains to be clearly established.

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2

Lau, Benjamin K. F., Tess Reynolds, Paul J. Keall, Jan-Jakob Sonke, Shalini K. Vinod, Owen Dillon, and Ricky T. O’Brien. "Reducing 4DCBCT imaging dose and time: exploring the limits of adaptive acquisition and motion compensated reconstruction." Physics in Medicine & Biology 67, no. 6 (March 7, 2022): 065002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6560/ac55a4.

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Abstract This study investigates the dose and time limits of adaptive 4DCBCT acquisitions (adaptive-acquisition) compared with current conventional 4DCBCT acquisition (conventional-acquisition). We investigate adaptive-acquisitions as low as 60 projections (∼25 s scan, 6 projections per respiratory phase) in conjunction with emerging image reconstruction methods. 4DCBCT images from 20 patients recruited into the adaptive CT acquisition for personalized thoracic imaging clinical study (NCT04070586) were resampled to simulate faster and lower imaging dose acquisitions. All acquisitions were reconstructed using Feldkamp–Davis–Kress (FDK), McKinnon–Bates (MKB), motion compensated FDK (MCFDK), motion compensated MKB (MCMKB) and simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction (SMEIR) algorithms. All reconstructions were compared against conventional-acquisition 4DFDK-reconstruction using Structural SIMilarity Index (SSIM), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast-to-noise-ratio (CNR), tissue interface sharpness diaphragm (TIS-D), tissue interface sharpness tumor (TIS-T) and center of mass trajectory (COMT) for difference in diaphragm and tumor motion. All reconstruction methods using 110-projection adaptive-acquisition (11 projections per respiratory phase) had a SSIM of greater than 0.92 relative to conventional-acquisition 4DFDK-reconstruction. Relative to conventional-acquisition 4DFDK-reconstruction, 110-projection adaptive-acquisition MCFDK-reconstructions images had 60% higher SNR, 10% higher CNR, 30% higher TIS-T and 45% higher TIS-D on average. The 110-projection adaptive-acquisition SMEIR-reconstruction images had 123% higher SNR, 90% higher CNR, 96% higher TIS-T and 60% higher TIS-D on average. The difference in diaphragm and tumor motion compared to conventional-acquisition 4DFDK-reconstruction was within submillimeter accuracy for all acquisition reconstruction methods. Adaptive-acquisitions resulted in faster scans with lower imaging dose and equivalent or improved image quality compared to conventional-acquisition. Adaptive-acquisition with motion compensated-reconstruction enabled scans with as low as 110 projections to deliver acceptable image quality. This translates into 92% lower imaging dose and 80% less scan time than conventional-acquisition.

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3

Atkinson, David, and Derek L. G. Hill. "Reconstruction after rotational motion." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 49, no. 1 (December 31, 2002): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrm.10333.

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4

Sch�ffter, Tobias, Volker Rasche, and Ingwer C. Carlsen. "Motion compensated projection reconstruction." Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 41, no. 5 (May 1999): 954–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199905)41:5<954::aid-mrm15>3.0.co;2-j.

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5

Quan, Hongyan, and Maomao Wu. "Reconstruction of fluid surface using physical property." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 06, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962315500063.

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A novel technique for reconstructing fluid surface from video is introduced. Both fluid motion vectors as well as Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) are employed in the study. Region-based correlation method is used to initialize motion vectors field, after clustering fluid motion vector results can be obtained. Then the height geometry information of fluid surface can be calculated from fluid motion vector further. At last, the distribution of fluid particle is interpolated and the height field can be further refined. Reconstruction results are demonstrated with several challenge videos. The experimental results show that the method is convenient and efficient. The calculation results can reflect the characteristics of the fluid movement, and it is a valid method for reconstructing fluid surface.

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6

Lewis, J. L., W. D. Lew, J. A. Hill, P. Hanley, K. Ohland, S. Kirstukas, and R. E. Hunter. "Knee Joint Motion and Ligament Forces Before and After ACL Reconstruction." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 111, no. 2 (May 1, 1989): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3168361.

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The goal of this in vitro study was to investigate the initial postoperative mechanical state of the knee with various types of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstructions. An experimental knee testing system was developed for the in vitro measurement of ligament forces and three-dimensional joint motion as external loads were applied to fresh knee specimens. Two groups of knee specimens were tested. In test series #1, two intraarticular reconstructions were performed in each of five specimens using semifree and free patellar tendon grafts with bone blocks. In test series #2, a more carefully controlled intraarticular reconstruction was performed in five specimens using a semifree composite graft consisting of the semitendinosus and gracilis tendons augmented with the Ligament Augmentation Device. Ligament force and joint motion data were collected as anteriorly directed tibial loads were applied to the normal joint, the joint with a cut ACL and the reconstructed joint. These knee joint states were compared on the basis of ACL or graft forces, joint motion and load sharing by the collateral ligaments. The dominate result of the study was that the forces and motions defining the mechanical state of the knee after the ACL reconstructions in both test series were highly variable and abnormal when compared to the normal knee state. The higher level of surgical control series #2 did not decrease this variability. There was a poor correlation between motion of the reconstructed knee relative to normal, and the ACL graft force. There was little consistent difference in force and motion results between the surgical procedures tested.

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7

Ehrhardt, J., T. Frenzel, D. Säring, W. Lu, D. Low, H. Handels, and R. Werner. "Motion Artifact Reducing Reconstruction of 4D CT Image Data for the Analysis of Respiratory Dynamics." Methods of Information in Medicine 46, no. 03 (2007): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/me9040.

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Summary Objectives: Respiratory motion represents a major problem in radiotherapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors. Methods for compensation require comprehensive knowledge of underlying dynamics. Therefore, 4D (= 3D + t) CT data can be helpful. But modern CT scanners cannot scan a large region of interest simultaneously. So patients have to be scanned in segments. Commonly used approaches for reconstructing the data segments into 4D CT images cause motion artifacts. In orderto reduce the artifacts, a new method for 4D CT reconstruction is presented. The resulting data sets are used to analyze respiratory motion. Methods: Spatiotemporal CT image sequences of lung cancer patients were acquired using a multi-slice CT in cine mode during free breathing. 4D CT reconstruction was done by optical flow based temporal interpolation. The resulting 4D image data were compared with data generated bythe commonly used nearest neighbor reconstruction. Subsequent motion analysis is mainly concerned with tumor mobility. Results: The presented optical flow-based method enables the reconstruction of 3D CT images at arbitrarily chosen points of the patient’s breathing cycle. A considerable reduction of motion artifacts has been proven in eight patient data sets. Motion analysis showed that tumor mobility differs strongly between the patients. Conclusions: Due to the proved reduction of motion artifacts, the optical flow-based 4D CT reconstruction offers the possibility of high-quality motion analysis. Because the method is based on an interpolation scheme, it additionally has the potential to enable the reconstruction of 4D CT data from a lesser number of scans.

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8

LIN, G. T., P. C. AMADIO, K. N. AN, W. P. COONEY, and E. Y. S. CHAO. "Biomechanical Analysis of Finger Flexor Pulley Reconstruction." Journal of Hand Surgery 14, no. 3 (June 1989): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0266-7681_89_90081-8.

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Fifty cadaver digits were used to study the mechanical properties of five different methods of pulley reconstruction and the effectiveness of three different pulley reconstructive arrangements in restoring a normal relationship between tendon excursion and joint motion. All reconstructed pulleys showed less stiffness and more displacement before failure than normal intact pulleys. Although reconstruction using a length of another tendon woven through the remaining fibrous rim of the pulley and both double and triple tendon graft loops around bone absorbed more energy to failure than a normal pulley, only the triple loop around bone could withstand as much load before failure as a normal pulley. No reconstruction restored a normal tendon excursion/joint motion relationship, but reconstruction of the A2 and A4 pulleys restored a more normal relationship than either the “belt loop” reconstruction or a combination belt loop, A2 and A4 reconstruction.

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9

Feuer, A., A. Allouche, and G. C. Goodwin. "Motion-aided sampling and reconstruction." IEE Proceedings - Vision, Image, and Signal Processing 152, no. 1 (2005): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-vis:20051188.

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10

Motta, Pierorazio, Laura Bruno, Alberto Maderni, Piermario Tosco, and Umberto Mariotti. "Acromioclavicular motion after surgical reconstruction." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 20, no. 6 (August 3, 2011): 1012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-011-1627-5.

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11

Rork, Peter E. "RESTRICTED MOTION AFTER ACL RECONSTRUCTION." Orthopedics 18, no. 1 (January 1995): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0147-7447-19950101-01.

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12

Cygan, Szymon, and Adriana Specyalska. "Comparison of three methods for reconstructing 3D motion from 2D video recordings for low cost gait analysis systems." Polish Journal of Medical Physics and Engineering 27, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pjmpe-2021-0032.

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Abstract Purpose: The aim of this study was to quantify the accuracy of 3D trajectory reconstructions performed from two planar video recordings, using three different reconstruction methods. Additionally, the recordings were carried out using easily available equipment, like built-in cellphone cameras, making the methods suitable for low-cost applications. Methods: A setup for 3D motion tracking was constructed and used to acquire 2D video recordings subsequently used to reconstruct the 3D trajectories by 1) merging appropriate coordinates, 2) merging coordinates with proportional scaling, and 3) calculating the 3D position based on markers’ projections on the viewing plane. As experimental verification, two markers moving at a fixed distance of 98.9 cm were used to assess the consistency of results. Next, gait analysis in five volunteers was carried out to quantify the differences resulting from different reconstruction methods. Results: Quantitative evaluation of the investigated 3D trajectories reconstruction methods showed significant differences between those methods, with the worst reconstruction approach resulting in a maximum error of 50% (standard deviation 13%), while the best resulting in a maximum error of 1% (standard deviation 0.44%). The gait analysis results showed differences in mean angles obtained with each reconstruction method reaching only 2°, which can be attributed to the limited measurement volume. Conclusions: Reconstructing 3D trajectory from 2D views without accounting for the “perspective error” results in significant reconstruction errors. The third method described in this study enables a significant reduction of this issue. Combined with the proposed setup, it provides a functional, low-cost gait analysis system.

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13

Zhang, Zonghua, and Nikolaus F. Troje. "3D Periodic Human Motion Reconstruction from 2D Motion Sequences." Neural Computation 19, no. 5 (May 2007): 1400–1421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco.2007.19.5.1400.

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We present and evaluate a method of reconstructing three-dimensional (3D) periodic human motion from two-dimensional (2D) motion sequences. Using Fourier decomposition, we construct a compact representation for periodic human motion. A low-dimensional linear motion model is learned from a training set of 3D Fourier representations by means of principal components analysis. Two-dimensional test data are projected onto this model with two approaches: least-square minimization and calculation of a maximum a posteriori probability using the Bayes' rule. We present two different experiments in which both approaches are applied to 2D data obtained from 3D walking sequences projected onto a plane. In the first experiment, we assume the viewpoint is known. In the second experiment, the horizontal viewpoint is unknown and is recovered from the 2D motion data. The results demonstrate that by using the linear model, not only can missing motion data be reconstructed, but unknown view angles for 2D test data can also be retrieved.

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14

Masiero, A., A. Guarnieri, A. Vettore, and F. Pirotti. "An ISVD-based Euclidian structure from motion for smartphones." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5 (June 6, 2014): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-401-2014.

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The development of Mobile Mapping systems over the last decades allowed to quickly collect georeferenced spatial measurements by means of sensors mounted on mobile vehicles. Despite the large number of applications that can potentially take advantage of such systems, because of their cost their use is currently typically limited to certain specialized organizations, companies, and Universities. However, the recent worldwide diffusion of powerful mobile devices typically embedded with GPS, Inertial Navigation System (INS), and imaging sensors is enabling the development of small and compact mobile mapping systems. More specifically, this paper considers the development of a 3D reconstruction system based on photogrammetry methods for smartphones (or other similar mobile devices). The limited computational resources available in such systems and the users' request for real time reconstructions impose very stringent requirements on the computational burden of the 3D reconstruction procedure. This work takes advantage of certain recently developed mathematical tools (incremental singular value decomposition) and of photogrammetry techniques (structure from motion, Tomasi–Kanade factorization) to access very computationally efficient Euclidian 3D reconstruction of the scene. Furthermore, thanks to the presence of instrumentation for localization embedded in the device, the obtained 3D reconstruction can be properly georeferenced.

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15

Yan, Gao, and Jian Zhong Xu. "Motion Path Editing Based on Constraint Detection." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3780–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3780.

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This paper introduces a method for interactive direct manipulation of motion capture animation, which allows a user to alter positional properties of a motion and preserves the motions’ quality. The algorithm contains three stages: motion analysis, motion path editing, and constraint reconstruction. Our experiments show that by using the algorithm human motion can be transformed successfully from the old path to the new path.

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16

de Roo, Marieke G. A., Marijn Muurling, Johannes G. G. Dobbe, Michelle E. Brinkhorst, Geert J. Streekstra, and Simon D. Strackee. "A four-dimensional-CT study of in vivo scapholunate rotation axes: possible implications for scapholunate ligament reconstruction." Journal of Hand Surgery (European Volume) 44, no. 5 (February 27, 2019): 479–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1753193419830924.

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Additional fixation of the palmar scapholunate interosseous ligament has been advocated to improve the long-term results of dorsal scapholunate interosseous ligament reconstruction. To investigate the validity of this approach, we determined normal scapholunate motion patterns and calculated the location of the scapholunate rotation axis. We hypothesized that the optimal location of the scapholunate interosseous ligament insertion could be determined from the scapholunate rotation axis. Four-dimensional computerized tomography was used to study the wrist motion in 21 healthy participants. During flexion–extension motions, the scaphoid rotates 38° (SD 0.6°) relative to the lunate; the rotation axis intersects the dorsal ridge of the proximal pole of the scaphoid and the dorsal ridge of the lunate. Minimal scapholunate motion is present during radioulnar deviation. Since the scapholunate rotation axis runs through the dorsal proximal pole of the scaphoid, this is probably the optimal location for attaching the scapholunate ligament during reconstructive surgery.

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17

Gravina, Paula Rocha, Daniel K. Chang, James A. Mentz, Rami Paul Dibbs, and Marco Maricevich. "Sternal defect reconstruction using a double-barrel vascularized free fibula flap: a case report." Archives of Plastic Surgery 48, no. 5 (September 15, 2021): 498–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.5999/aps.2021.00682.

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Total and subtotal sternectomy oncological defects can result in large deficits in the chest wall, disrupting the biomechanics of respiration. Reviewing the current literature involving respiratory function and rib motion after sternectomy, autologous rigid reconstruction was determined to provide the optimal reconstructive option. We describe a novel technique for sternal defect reconstruction utilizing a double-barrel, longitudinally oriented, vascularized free fibula flap associated with rib titanium plates fixation. Our reconstructive approach was able to deliver a physiological reconstruction, providing rigid support and protection while allowing articulation with adjacent ribs and preservation of chest wall mechanics.

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18

Yang, Zhi Yuan. "A Reconstruction Model for 3D Human Motion Based on Images Processing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 5021–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.5021.

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Traditional 3D reconstruction algorithms use fixes shape base which hardly expresses the change parameters of complex movement and motion law of large-scale dynamic features, thereby leading to non-realistic reconstruction results. The paper proposes a new reconstruction algorithm for 3D motion images that corrects the neighborhood system of feature points by motion parameters and reasons number base K to ensure accuracy. The simulation results show that, the proposed algorithm avoids drawbacks of sports reconstruction results caused by the great randomness of motion state, thereby complete 3D motion images' reconstruction.

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19

Sakaue, Fumihiko, Masaaki Takami, and Jun Sato. "Space Time Carving for Shape and Motion Recovery." International Journal of Virtual Reality 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2010.9.1.2755.

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Recently, a lot of methods for shape and motion reconstruction have been studied extensively. This paper describes a method for simultaneous shape and motion reconstruction without any corresponding points. We call the method space-time carving. The proposed method is based on a space carving method which can reconstruct 3D shape without any corresponding points. The method uses photo-consistency for 3D space carving. Our proposed method also uses photo-consistency for carving high dimensional space which represents not only shape but also motion. As a result, the proposed method can recover not only 3D shapes but also 3D motions of objects. The experimental results show that the proposed method works well.

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20

UNGLAUB, F., C. BULTMANN, A. REITER, and P. HAHN. "Two-Staged Reconstruction of the Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon." Journal of Hand Surgery 31, no. 4 (August 2006): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.02.014.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of two-stage reconstruction of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon. Sixteen patients who underwent reconstructive surgery of the FPL tendon were assessed retrospectively. Eight weeks after implantation of a silastic spacer, a tendon graft was used for reconstruction (thirteen palmaris longus tendons, two plantaris tendons, one half of the flexor carpi radialis tendon). Power grip, active range of motion, passive range of motion, the Buck-Gramcko assessment, the ASSH assessment and the DASH score were used to evaluate the results. Adequate function in 75% of the cases and a median of 11 on the DASH score was achieved. The results showed that two-stage reconstruction of the FPL tendon can produce satisfactory results, even if primary repair is the ideal.

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21

Park, Hyun Sik, Dong-Jin Kim, and Joing Ick Hwang. "Reconstruction of Elbow Joint and Soft Tissue Defect with Anterolateral Thigh Flap and Total Elbow Replacement: A Case Report." Archives of Hand and Microsurgery 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.12790/ahm.20.0027.

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Soft tissue and bone defect due to the machinery penetrating injury of elbow joint are a rare and challenging problem for reconstructive surgeons. After reconstructing soft tissue with anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap and external fixator, the authors planned restoration of elbow function using total elbow replacement (TER). Finally, the patient regained the soft tissue reconstruction and the motion of the elbow using TER, and satisfied with the clinical results. Therefore, the authors present the successful case of ALT flap and TER to treat the machinery penetrating the injury of the elbow.

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Du, Weinan, Jinghua Li, Fei Wu, Yanfeng Sun, and Yongli Hu. "Ordered Subspace Clustering for Complex Non-Rigid Motion by 3D Reconstruction." Applied Sciences 9, no. 8 (April 15, 2019): 1559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9081559.

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As a fundamental and challenging problem, non-rigid structure-from-motion (NRSfM) has attracted a large amount of research interest. It is worth mentioning that NRSfM has been applied to dynamic scene understanding and motion segmentation. Especially, a motion segmentation approach combining NRSfM with the subspace representation has been proposed. However, the current subspace representation for non-rigid motions clustering do not take into account the inherent sequential property, which has been proved vital for sequential data clustering. Hence this paper proposes a novel framework to segment the complex and non-rigid motion via an ordered subspace representation method for the reconstructed 3D data, where the sequential property is properly formulated in the procedure of learning the affinity matrix for clustering with simultaneously recovering the 3D non-rigid motion by a monocular camera with 2D point tracks. Experiment results on three public sequential action datasets, BU-4DFE, MSR and UMPM, verify the benefits of method presented in this paper for classical complex non-rigid motion analysis and outperform state-of-the-art methods with lowest subspace clustering error (SCE) rates and highest normalized mutual information (NMI) in subspace clustering and motion segmentation fields.

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Andhika Pramana, IGN Bagus, and IGN Wien Aryana. "Arthrofibrosis Following ACL Reconstruction: Case Report." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 3 (March 5, 2022): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220321.

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Introduction: Arthrofibrosis is a debilitating complication of loss of motion after ACL reconstruction following ACL injury with a reported incidence of 2% to 35%. Delayed ACL reconstruction has been the chosen management based on the suggestion from some studies of the risk reduction in developing arthrofibrosis and decreased range of motion (ROM) postoperatively. Case Presentation: A 51-year-old female presented with complaints of pain, stiffness, and decreased range of motion following a knee ligament reconstructive arthroscopy of her right knee. After unsuccessful rehabilitative management, the patient underwent additional surgical repairs. Following the surgery, a fibrous thick scar tissue located at the suprapatellar pouch and mainly over the medial and lateral gutter was observed, in which an adhesiolysis was performed during the arthroscopic procedure. Passive range of motion of the affected knee was checked intra-operatively, showing the knee to be able to fully extend and flexed passively comparable to non affected knee. An intensive physiotherapy and continuous passive motion was begun immediately post-operatively. A 33-year-old male sustained an isolated complete tear of the left knee anterior cruciate ligament. An arthroscopy ACL single bundle reconstruction surgery with patellar tendon bone graft was done four weeks after the injury. Intraoperative was uneventful. Each end of graft was stitched together with a high strength of non-absorbable suture. Graft fixations used bio absorbable screws and loaded with extracortical buttons. After post operation, patient was observed to be able to perform full active knee extension. The patient was very compliant to rehabilitation program and also performed the exercises at home. However, on clinic follow-up, the patient started to gradually loss his active full extension and on subsequent visit further affected his passive full extension (10 degrees extension lag) at 4 months post operation. Regional examination showed diffused firm swelling over the anteromedial aspect of the knee just above the medial joint line that was very tender. An intensive physiotherapy and continuous passive motion were begun immediately post operatively. Result: In the first patient, the functional outcome score showed improvement at the time of final follow-up, as well as the average pain scores. This case report emphasized on the importance of early recognition as well as assessment by the orthopaedic practitioners of arthrofibrosis as a complication of ACL reconstructive surgery is the key point in reducing the long-term morbidity caused by the condition in patients unable to regain flexibility at the expected rate after injury or surgical treatment. Rehabilitation protocols should mainly stress on early motion, rapid return of quadriceps function and excursion, and patella mobilization. The second patient, functional outcome was measured with KSS to assess pain and function after arthroscopy. The functional outcome score showed improvement from 68 points pre-operatively to 86 at the time of final follow-up. The average pain scores improved as well from 30 points pre-operatively to 41 at the time of final follow-up. Conclusion: Arthrofibrosis following ACL reconstruction represents a broad continuum of abnormalities, and hence a thorough understanding of the condition and a comprehensive approach to its management is of importance to achieve a functional result. Key words: Arthrofibrosis, Loss of motion, ACL Reconstruction, Arthroscopy.

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24

Tsai, Du-Ming, and Wei-Yao Chiu. "Motion detection using Fourier image reconstruction." Pattern Recognition Letters 29, no. 16 (December 2008): 2145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2008.08.005.

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25

Allouche, Amiram, and Arie Feuer. "2D motion aided sampling and reconstruction." Journal of Visual Communication and Image Representation 20, no. 1 (January 2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2008.09.005.

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26

Li, B., Q. Meng, and H. Holstein. "Articulated motion reconstruction from feature points." Pattern Recognition 41, no. 1 (January 2008): 418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2007.06.002.

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27

Tautges, Jochen, Arno Zinke, Björn Krüger, Jan Baumann, Andreas Weber, Thomas Helten, Meinard Müller, Hans-Peter Seidel, and Bernd Eberhardt. "Motion reconstruction using sparse accelerometer data." ACM Transactions on Graphics 30, no. 3 (May 2011): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1966394.1966397.

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28

Dornaika, F., and R. Chung. "Cooperative Stereo–Motion: Matching and Reconstruction." Computer Vision and Image Understanding 79, no. 3 (September 2000): 408–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cviu.2000.0867.

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29

Kang, Changgu, and Sung-Hee Lee. "Scene reconstruction and analysis from motion." Graphical Models 94 (November 2017): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gmod.2017.10.002.

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30

Yekutieli, Yoram, Rea Mitelman, Binyamin Hochner, and Tamar Flash. "Analyzing Octopus Movements Using Three-Dimensional Reconstruction." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 3 (September 2007): 1775–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00739.2006.

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Octopus arms, as well as other muscular hydrostats, are characterized by a very large number of degrees of freedom and a rich motion repertoire. Over the years, several attempts have been made to elucidate the interplay between the biomechanics of these organs and their control systems. Recent developments in electrophysiological recordings from both the arms and brains of behaving octopuses mark significant progress in this direction. The next stage is relating these recordings to the octopus arm movements, which requires an accurate and reliable method of movement description and analysis. Here we describe a semiautomatic computerized system for 3D reconstruction of an octopus arm during motion. It consists of two digital video cameras and a PC computer running custom-made software. The system overcomes the difficulty of extracting the motion of smooth, nonrigid objects in poor viewing conditions. Some of the trouble is explained by the problem of light refraction in recording underwater motion. Here we use both experiments and simulations to analyze the refraction problem and show that accurate reconstruction is possible. We have used this system successfully to reconstruct different types of octopus arm movements, such as reaching and bend initiation movements. Our system is noninvasive and does not require attaching any artificial markers to the octopus arm. It may therefore be of more general use in reconstructing other nonrigid, elongated objects in motion.

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Condorelli, F., and F. Rinaudo. "BENCHMARK OF METRIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION FOR HISTORICAL FILM FOOTAGE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-443-2019.

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Abstract. Quality assessment in photogrammetric processing is fundamental to obtain metric information and to reconstruct 3D models of Cultural Heritage, especially when it has been lost or changed over time. The determination of metric precision is technically challenging when dealing with historical films and videos that in many cases represent the only remaining traces of this heritage, which is useful for architectural, archaeological and restoration studies. This paper examines the suitability of existing photogrammetric software to evaluate the maximum possible metric accuracy for processing videos shot with fixed camera motions. In order to evaluate the metric quality obtained processing historical film footage with photogrammetric techniques, a benchmark was created on a new video dataset with the aim of reproducing the camera motions in which old video were shot. Three different camera motions were considered: Up/Down Motion-Tilting, Left/Right Motion-Trucking and Rolling Motion-Panning. The methodology was experimented on Valentino Castle in Turin, a monument inscribed in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Data were processed with the implementation of open source Structure-from-Motion algorithms and the results were analysed for the evaluation of metric quality. Results show the different maximum precision assessments according to the different typologies of camera motion. This research provides fundamental support to historical studies on Cultural Heritage, creating a sharing standard with zero-cost data and tools useful for both geomatics and restorers.

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32

Wang, Xiao Hui. "Virtual Simulation of Aerobics Movement Based on Vision." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 1997–2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1997.

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In aerobics, the motion state randomness of key feature points is great, so it is difficult to establish an accurate dynamic model for sports' shape base. Traditional 3D reconstruction algorithms use fixes shape base which hardly expresses the change parameters of complex movement and motion law of large-scale dynamic features, thereby leading to non-realistic reconstruction results. The paper proposes a new reconstruction algorithm for aerobics 3D motion images that corrects the neighborhood system of feature points by motion parameters until the parameter is stable to ensure accuracy and the stability of correction. The simulation results show that, the proposed algorithm avoids drawbacks of sports reconstruction results caused by the great randomness of aerobics' motion state, thereby complete 3D reconstruction for aerobics' motion images.

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Endo, Yui, Mitsunori Tada, and Masaaki Mochimaru. "Hand Modeling and Motion Reconstruction for Individuals." International Journal of Automation Technology 8, no. 3 (May 5, 2014): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/ijat.2014.p0376.

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In this paper, we propose a new method of reconstructing hand models for individuals including link structure models, homologous skin surface models and homologous tetrahedral mesh models in a reference posture. The skin surface model is defined as a threedimensional triangularmesh, obtained by deforming a template mesh so as to fit the landmark vertices to the corresponding marker positions obtained by a motion capture system. In this process, anatomical dimensions for the subject, manually measured by a caliper, are also used as the deformation constraints. As for the link structure model, the local coordinate system related to each link consists of the joint rotation center and the axes of joint rotation, which can be estimated based on the deformation of the skin surface of the template model relative to the one of the individual. By using obtained individual hand model, hand postures in a motion sequence are also reconstructed based on the landmark points and the corresponding marker positions obtained from the motion capture system. Virtual spring-damper models located between the landmarks and the markers are used in physically-based simulation for the posture reconstruction.

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LaPrade, Robert F., Daren J. Wickum, Chad J. Griffith, and Paula M. Ludewig. "Kinematic Evaluation of the Modified Weaver-Dunn Acromioclavicular Joint Reconstruction." American Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 11 (June 6, 2008): 2216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508319048.

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Background Few reconstructive methods to treat displaced acromioclavicular separations have been evaluated using kinematic data. Hypothesis The modified Weaver-Dunn reconstruction restores intact acromioclavicular joint motion during passive scapular plane abduction. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Acromioclavicular joint motion was recorded during passive humeral elevation in 3 states: an intact shoulder, an “injured” state in which the acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments were transected, and finally in a reconstructed state using a modified Weaver-Dunn reconstruction. Measurements were taken with an electromagnetic motion analysis system attached to rigid pins placed in the clavicle, scapula, humerus, and sternum during passive scapular plane humeral elevation. Results Total translatory motion of the acromioclavicular joint in the cut state was significantly greater than both the intact and reconstructed states in the medial/lateral (intact, 4.3 mm; cut, 7.9 mm; reconstructed, 2.6 mm), anterior/posterior (intact, 4.8 mm; cut, 6.1 mm; reconstructed, 4.9 mm), and superior/inferior (intact, 4.1 mm; cut, 8.0 mm; reconstructed, 4.8 mm) directions. The maximum and minimum positions of the reconstructed state were significantly more anterior and inferior than in the intact state. A significant increase in acromioclavicular axial rotation was also found between the intact and cut state. Conclusion The modified Weaver-Dunn reconstruction was found to restore motion of the acromioclavicular joint to near-intact values, but created a more anterior and inferior position of the clavicle with respect to the acromion. Clinical Relevance These kinematic data support the modified Weaver-Dunn reconstruction as a kinematically sound procedure to treat displaced acromioclavicular joint injuries.

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Lv, Dong Yue, Zhi Pei Huang, Li Xin Sun, Neng Hai Yu, and Jian Kang Wu. "Model-Based Golf Swing Reconstruction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 530-531 (February 2014): 919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.530-531.919.

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To increase the efficiency of golf training, 3D swing reconstruction is broadly used among golf researchers. Traditional reconstruction methods apply motion capture system (MOCAP) to gain golfers motion data and drive bio-mechanical model directly. The cost of MOCAP system restricts the application area of golf research and the reconstruction quality of swing relies on the accuracy of the motion data. We introduced the dynamical analysis into swing reconstruction and proposed a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) model with Kinect to capture the swing motion. Our model focused on modeling the bio-mechanical and dynamical relationships between key joints of golfer during swing. The positions of key joints were updated by the model and were used as motion data to reconstruct golf swing. Experimental results show that our results are comparable with the ones acquired by optical MOCAP system in accuracy and can reconstruct the golf swing with much lower cost.

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Godino-Moya, Alejandro, Rosa-María Menchón-Lara, Marcos Martín-Fernández, Claudia Prieto, and Carlos Alberola-López. "Elastic AlignedSENSE for Dynamic MR Reconstruction: A Proof of Concept in Cardiac Cine." Entropy 23, no. 5 (April 29, 2021): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23050555.

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Numerous methods in the extensive literature on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reconstruction exploit temporal redundancy to accelerate cardiac cine. Some of them include motion compensation, which involves high computational costs and long runtimes. In this work, we proposed a method—elastic alignedSENSE (EAS)—for the direct reconstruction of a motion-free image plus a set of nonrigid deformations to reconstruct a 2D cardiac sequence. The feasibility of the proposed approach was tested in 2D Cartesian and golden radial multi-coil breath-hold cardiac cine acquisitions. The proposed approach was compared against parallel imaging compressed sense (sPICS) and group-wise motion corrected compressed sense (GWCS) reconstructions. EAS provides better results on objective measures with considerable less runtime when an acceleration factor is higher than 10×. Subjective assessment of an expert, however, invited proposing the combination of EAS and GWCS as a preferable alternative to GWCS or EAS in isolation.

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Ma, Yubao, Masataka Deie, Daisuke Iwaki, Makoto Asaeda, Naoto Fujita, Nobuo Adachi, and Mitsuo Ochi. "Balance Ability and Proprioception after Single-Bundle, Single-Bundle Augmentation, and Double-Bundle ACL Reconstruction." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/342012.

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Purpose. The present study sought to determine the influences of single-bundle (SB), single-bundle augmentation (SBA), and double-bundle (DB) reconstructions on balance ability and proprioceptive function.Methods. 67 patients who underwent a single- or double-bundle ACL reconstruction or a SBA using multistranded autologous hamstring tendons were included in this study with a 1-year follow-up. Body sway and knee kinesthesia (using the threshold to detect passive motion test (TTDPM)) were measured to indicate balance ability and proprioceptive function, respectively. Additionally, within-subject differences in anterior-posterior stability of the tibia and lower extremity muscle strength were evaluated before and after surgery.Results. At 6 and 12 months after surgery, DB reconstruction resulted in better balance and proprioceptive function than SB reconstruction (P<0.05). Although no significant difference was observed in balance ability or proprioceptive function between the SBA and DB reconstructions, knee stability was significantly better with SBA and DB reconstructions than SB reconstruction (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in quadriceps and hamstrings strength among the three reconstruction techniques.Conclusions. Our findings consider that joint stability, proprioceptive function, and balance ability were superior with SBA and DB reconstructions compared to SB reconstruction at 6 and 12 months after surgery.

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McCadden, Austin, Matthew Akelman, Sophia A. Traven, Shane K. Woolf, John W. Xerogeanes, and Harris S. Slone. "Quadriceps tendon autograft is an effective alternative graft for posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in isolated or multiligament injuries: a systematic review." Journal of ISAKOS: Joint Disorders & Orthopaedic Sports Medicine 6, no. 4 (February 12, 2021): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jisakos-2020-000487.

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ImportanceHigh-grade posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears can be a significant cause of patient morbidity and knee instability. The graft of choice for operative repair remains controversial, although recently there has been increased interest in quadriceps tendon (QT) as an autologous graft option.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess reported clinical outcomes of PCL reconstructions using QT autografts.Evidence reviewA comprehensive review of clinical studies was performed evaluating PCL reconstruction with QT autograft including a systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases, and reference lists of relevant papers. Clinical results, stability results, functional outcomes, range-of-motion outcomes, complications and morbidity, and the conclusions of each study were evaluated.FindingsSeven studies were included in the review of clinical results, including 145 subjects undergoing PCL reconstructions with QT autograft. All studies evaluated quadriceps tendon bone (QT-B) grafts. Among these seven studies, two included isolated PCL reconstruction while five included multiligamentous knee injury reconstruction. These studies suggest that QT-B autograft offers a viable graft option for primary PCL reconstruction with generally favourable patient-reported outcomes, knee stability and range of motion reported along with relatively low complication rates.Conclusions and relevanceUse of the QT-B autograft may be a reasonable graft option for PCL reconstruction. However, high-quality prospective studies are required to evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy and functional outcomes.Level of evidenceLevel IV (Systematic review of Level IV studies).

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Wang, Jungao, Shixiao Fu, Rolf Baarholm, Mengmeng Zhang, and Chang Liu. "Global motion reconstruction of a steel catenary riser under vessel motion." Ships and Offshore Structures 14, no. 5 (July 25, 2018): 442–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2018.1500785.

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Varelas, Antonios N., Brandon J. Erickson, Gregory L. Cvetanovich, and Bernard R. Bach. "Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Patients With Medial Knee Instability: A Systematic Review." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 5 (May 1, 2017): 232596711770392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117703920.

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Background: The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is the most frequently injured ligament of the knee, but it infrequently requires surgical treatment. Current literature on MCL reconstructions is sparse and offers mixed outcome measures. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of isolated MCL reconstruction and multiligamentous MCL reconstruction. Our hypothesis was that in selective patients, MCL reconstruction would significantly improve objective and subjective patient knee performance measures, those being baseline valgus laxity, range of motion, objective and subjective International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores, Tegner score, and Lysholm knee activity scores. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review was performed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and utilizing 3 computer-based databases. Studies reporting clinical outcomes of patients undergoing MCL reconstruction due to chronic instability or injury with mean follow-up of at least 2 years and levels of evidence 1 to 4 were eligible for inclusion. All relevant subject demographics and study data were statistically analyzed using 2-sample and 2-proportion z tests. Results: Ten studies involving 275 patients met our inclusion criteria. Of these patients, 46 underwent isolated MCL reconstruction while another 229 underwent reconstruction of the MCL in addition to a variety of concomitant reconstructions. Overall outcomes for all patients were significant for (1) reducing the medial opening of the knee (8.1 ± 1.3 vs 1.4 ± 1.0 mm; P < .001), (2) improving the patient’s objective IKDC score (1.2% vs 88.4%; P < .001), (3) improving the patient’s subjective IKDC score (49.8 ± 6.9 vs 82.4 ± 9.6; P < .001), and (4) improving the Lysholm knee activity score (69.3 ± 5.9 vs 90.5 ± 6.6; P < .001). No differences existed between concomitant reconstruction groupings except that postoperative Lysholm scores were better for MCL/anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction than MCL/posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (94.3 ± 4.5 vs 84.0 ± 11.7; P < .001). Normal or nearly normal range of motion was obtained by 88% of all patients. Conclusion: The systematic review of 10 studies and 275 knees found that the reported patient outcomes after MCL reconstruction were significantly improved across all measures studied, with no significant difference in outcomes between concomitant reconstructions.

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Deng, Yujuan. "Fluid Equation-Based and Data-Driven Simulation of Special Effects Animation." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2021 (November 22, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7480422.

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This paper analyzes the simulation of special effects animation through fluid equations and data-driven methods. This paper also considers the needs of computer fluid animation simulation in terms of computational accuracy and simulation efficiency, takes high real-time, high interactivity, and high physical accuracy of simulation algorithm as the research focus and target, and proposes a solution algorithm and acceleration scheme based on deep neural network framework for the key problems of simulation of natural phenomena including smoke and liquid. With the deep development of artificial intelligence technology, deep neural network models are widely used in research fields such as computer image classification, speech recognition, and fluid detail synthesis with their powerful data learning capability. Its stable and efficient computational model provides a new problem-solving approach for computerized fluid animation simulation. In terms of time series reconstruction, this paper adopts a tracking-based reconstruction method, including target tracking, 2D trajectory fitting and repair, and 3D trajectory reconstruction. For continuous image sequences, a linear dynamic model algorithm based on pyramidal optical flow is used to track the feature centers of the objects, and the spatial coordinates and motion parameters of the feature points are obtained by reconstructing the motion trajectories. The experimental results show that in terms of spatial reconstruction, the matching method proposed in this paper is more accurate compared with the traditional stereo matching algorithm; in terms of time series reconstruction, the error of target tracking reduced. Finally, the 3D motion trajectory of the point feature object and the motion pattern at a certain moment are shown, and the method in this paper obtains more ideal results, which proves the effectiveness of the method.

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Brown, Richard, Christoph Kolbitsch, Claire Delplancke, Evangelos Papoutsellis, Johannes Mayer, Evgueni Ovtchinnikov, Edoardo Pasca, et al. "Motion estimation and correction for simultaneous PET/MR using SIRF and CIL." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2204 (July 5, 2021): 20200208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0208.

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SIRF is a powerful PET/MR image reconstruction research tool for processing data and developing new algorithms. In this research, new developments to SIRF are presented, with focus on motion estimation and correction. SIRF’s recent inclusion of the adjoint of the resampling operator allows gradient propagation through resampling, enabling the MCIR technique. Another enhancement enabled registering and resampling of complex images, suitable for MRI. Furthermore, SIRF’s integration with the optimization library CIL enables the use of novel algorithms. Finally, SPM is now supported, in addition to NiftyReg, for registration. Results of MR and PET MCIR reconstructions are presented, using FISTA and PDHG, respectively. These demonstrate the advantages of incorporating motion correction and variational and structural priors. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synergistic tomographic image reconstruction: part 2’.

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Stannard, James P., Stephen L. Brown, Rory C. Farris, Gerald McGwin, and David A. Volgas. "The Posterolateral Corner of the Knee." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 6 (June 2005): 881–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504271208.

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Background Injuries to the posterolateral corner of the knee are disabling. Despite improved understanding of this group of tendons and ligaments, the best surgical treatment of an unstable corner is not clear. Hypothesis Surgical repair of acute tears of the posterolateral corner has outcomes that are as good as those from reconstruction combined with an early motion rehabilitation protocol. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Sixty-three patients with 64 posterolateral corner tears were included in this study, with 39 posterolateral corner repairs and 25 reconstructions using the modified 2-tailed technique. Patients were evaluated with clinical and KT-2000 arthrometer examinations, as well as with Lysholm, International Knee Documentation Committee, and Short Form-36 scores. Results Fifty-six patients with 57 corner tears had minimum clinical follow-up of 24 months (range, 24-59 months). Acute primary repairs were performed on 35 patients, with 22 successful outcomes and 13 (37%) failures. Primary reconstructions were performed on 22 patients, with 20 successful outcomes and 2 (9%) failures. The difference in stability on clinical examination between repairs and reconstructions was significant (P <. 05). Fourteen of 15 patients with failures of the primary posterolateral corner repair or reconstruction underwent successful revision reconstruction. The final patient with failure of the primary repair elected not to have a revision reconstruction. The final mean Lysholm knee score for both repair and reconstruction patients was 88.7 (range, 53-100). Final International Knee Documentation Committee objective scores yielded 14 (26%) normal, 28 (52%) near-normal, 9 (17%) abnormal, and 3 (6%) severely abnormal knees; the mean score was 60 at the most recent clinical evaluation. Conclusion Results with repair followed by early motion rehabilitation have been significantly inferior when compared with results from reconstruction using the modified 2-tailed technique. The authors now use reconstruction rather than repair in the majority of patients who sustain posterolateral corner tears after high-energy injuries.

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Tasora, Alessandro, and Piero Simeone. "Development of a New Type of Incisal Table for Prosthetic Articulators." International Journal of Dentistry 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/458514.

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This study illustrates the effectiveness of an advanced incisal table surface, featuring adjustable curvature, in the sake of more accurate articulator kinematics in anterior teeth reconstruction. Prosthetic articulators, used by dental technicians in reconstructive dentistry, are adjustable instruments that simulate the motion of mastication between dental casts: usually, the forward motion (protrusion) of the mandible is guided by sliding a pin over a flat table in order to recreate those movements when incisal teeth are missing. However, such protrusion is an approximation of the exact motion, since flat incisal tables have a limited set of adjustments. Customized software has been developed in order to simulate the kinematics of articulators in three-dimensional space: animations and measures of the envelope of teeth profiles show the unfeasibility of reconstructing with good approximation the profile of incisive teeth, when a simple ‘flat’ incisal table is used. A new incisal table with an adjustable curvature has been proposed, simulated, and built, and computer simulations demonstrated the superior precision of the new design when compared to a conventional articulator which uses a flat incisal table.

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45

Ioannakis, George, Anestis Koutsoudis, Fotis Arnaoutoglou, Chairi Kiourt, and Christodoulos Chamzas. "On Structure-From-Motion Application Challenges." International Journal of Computational Methods in Heritage Science 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcmhs.2017070103.

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Numerous software solutions that implement the Structure-from-Motion/Multi-View Stereo (SfM/MVS) 3D reconstruction approach have been made available during the last decade. These allow the production of high quality in terms of geometry and colour information 3D models with the use of unordered image collections that depict a static scene or object from arbitrary viewpoints. Nowadays SfM/MVS-based 3D reconstruction approaches constitute a popular solution in a variety of applications within the cultural heritage domain. As with all 3D reconstruction approaches it has its limitations and application challenges. In this work, the authors attempt to compose a set of guidelines that are based on the important outcomes of important published works that propose solutions that overcome the various challenges introduced by non-friendly surface types.

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Lewis, Paul B., A. Dushi Parameswaran, John-Paul H. Rue, and R. Bach Bernard. "Systematic Review of Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Outcomes." American Journal of Sports Medicine 36, no. 10 (August 29, 2008): 2028–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546508322892.

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Background There is increasing interest in comparing the efficacy of single-bundle versus double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Challenging this comparison, however, has been the lack of an established consensus on the success of single-bundle reconstruction. Hypothesis The current outcomes of single-bundle reconstruction can be clarified from a large unbiased body of evidence for future comparisons with double-bundle reconstructions. Study Design Systematic review. Methods A systematic review of 11 randomized, controlled trials comparing patellar tendon and hamstring tendon grafting is reported. The respective outcomes of each group were combined to assist the orthopaedic surgeon in assessing the current success of single-bundle reconstruction. The primary factors assessed were tibial subluxation and side-to-side differences in laxity. Secondary outcomes included concomitant injuries and treatments, complications, graft failure, range of motion, and radiographic evidence of degenerative changes. Results In this review of 1024 single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions, 495 concomitant meniscal tears, 95 chondral injuries, and 2 posterior cruciate ligament tears were noted. The complication rate was 6%, and graft failure 4%. Reported pivot-shift test results were negative in 81 % of cases; reported Lachman tests were negative in 59% cases; and KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side differences were ≤5 mm in 86% of cases. Flexion and extension deficits were reported in 9 of 11 studies through mean range of motion or deficit ranges. Radiographic changes of articular surface abnormalities were observed in 7% of the knees at follow-up investigation. Conclusion Systematic review of a significant body of unbiased outcome data on single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction demonstrates it to be a safe, consistent surgical procedure affording reliable results. Clinical Relevance These results may be used to assist orthopaedic surgeons in evaluating the benefit and practicality of pursuing new anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques over standard single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

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Irrgang, James J., and Christopher D. Harner. "Loss of Motion Following Knee Ligament Reconstruction." Sports Medicine 19, no. 2 (February 1995): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199519020-00006.

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Li, Shirui, You Hao, Hanlin Mo, Qi Li, Yongchun Lyu, Xiangdong Wang, and Hua Li. "Fast Non-rigid Human Motion 3D Reconstruction." Journal of Computer-Aided Design & Computer Graphics 30, no. 8 (2018): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1089.2018.16723.

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Munkberg, Jacob, Karthik Vaidyanathan, Jon Hasselgren, Petrik Clarberg, and Tomas Akenine-Möller. "Layered Reconstruction for Defocus and Motion Blur." Computer Graphics Forum 33, no. 4 (July 2014): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cgf.12415.

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50

Grosso, E., G. Sandini, and M. Tistarelli. "3D object reconstruction using stereo and motion." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 19, no. 6 (1989): 1465–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/21.44065.

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