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1
Lowman, Paul D. "Review of Outpost on Apollo's Moon, by Eric Burgess." Icarus 108, no. 2 (April 1994): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/icar.1994.1067.
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Dhingra, Deepak. "The New Moon: Major Advances in Lunar Science Enabled by Compositional Remote Sensing from Recent Missions." Geosciences 8, no. 12 (December 18, 2018): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120498.
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Volatile-bearing lunar surface and interior, giant magmatic-intrusion-laden near and far side, globally distributed layer of purest anorthosite (PAN) and discovery of Mg-Spinel anorthosite, a new rock type, represent just a sample of the brand new perspectives gained in lunar science in the last decade. An armada of missions sent by multiple nations and sophisticated analyses of the precious lunar samples have led to rapid evolution in the understanding of the Moon, leading to major new findings, including evidence for water in the lunar interior. Fundamental insights have been obtained about impact cratering, the crystallization of the lunar magma ocean and conditions during the origin of the Moon. The implications of this understanding go beyond the Moon and are therefore of key importance in solar system science. These new views of the Moon have challenged the previous understanding in multiple ways and are setting a new paradigm for lunar exploration in the coming decade both for science and resource exploration. Missions from India, China, Japan, South Korea, Russia and several private ventures promise continued exploration of the Moon in the coming years, which will further enrich the understanding of our closest neighbor. The Moon remains a key scientific destination, an active testbed for in-situ resource utilization (ISRU) activities, an outpost to study the universe and a future spaceport for supporting planetary missions.
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Casini, Andrea E. M., Paolo Maggiore, Nicole Viola, Valter Basso, Marinella Ferrino, Jeffrey A. Hoffman, and Aidan Cowley. "Analysis of a Moon outpost for Mars enabling technologies through a Virtual Reality environment." Acta Astronautica 143 (February 2018): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.11.023.
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Wawrzyniak, Geoffrey G., and Kathleen C. Howell. "Generating Solar Sail Trajectories in the Earth-Moon System Using Augmented Finite-Difference Methods." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/476197.
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Using a solar sail, a spacecraft orbit can be offset from a central body such that the orbital plane is displaced from the gravitational center. Such a trajectory might be desirable for a single-spacecraft relay to support communications with an outpost at the lunar south pole. Although trajectory design within the context of the Earth-Moon restricted problem is advantageous for this problem, it is difficult to envision the design space for offset orbits. Numerical techniques to solve boundary value problems can be employed to understand this challenging dynamical regime. Numerical finite-difference schemes are simple to understand and implement. Two augmented finite-difference methods (FDMs) are developed and compared to a Hermite-Simpson collocation scheme. With 101 evenly spaced nodes, solutions from the FDM are locally accurate to within 1740 km. Other methods, such as collocation, offer more accurate solutions, but these gains are mitigated when solutions resulting from simple models are migrated to higher-fidelity models. The primary purpose of using a simple, lower-fidelity, augmented finite-difference method is to quickly and easily generate accurate trajectories.
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Gerałt, Bartłomiej. "US legal developments in outer space mining." Civitas Hominibus. Rocznik Filozoficzno-Społeczny 16, no. 1 (March 14, 2022): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25312/2391-5145.16/2021_07bg.
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In December 2020 NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) announced a contract with a private company to deliver Moon material to Earth, the first and only contract of this type to be concluded to date. The sum that will be paid for the services of Lunar Outpost company was set at 1 US dollar. Although the arrangement may seem like a publicity stunt to catch international media attention, it spurs a legal discussion on the actual degree of freedom to utilized outer space. This article is focused on describing the USA’s policy and legislation concerning the utilization of natural resources of outer space, and comparing it to the international legal framework of outer space activities. Keywords: space mining, outer space treaty, space industry, appropriation
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Akisheva, Yulia, and Yves Gourinat. "Utilisation of Moon Regolith for Radiation Protection and Thermal Insulation in Permanent Lunar Habitats." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 3853. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11093853.
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In the context of a sustainable long-term human presence on the Moon, solutions for habitat radiation and thermal protection with regolith are investigated. Regolith compression is studied to choose the optimal density-thickness combination in terms of radiation shielding and thermal insulation. The applied strategy is to protect the whole habitat from the hazards of galactic cosmic rays and design a dedicated shelter area for protection during solar particle events, which eventually may be a lava tube. Simulations using NASA’s OLTARIS tool show that the effective dose equivalent decreases significantly when a multilayer structure mainly constituted of regolith and other available materials is used instead of pure regolith. The computerised anatomical female model is considered here because future missions will be mixed crews, and, generally, more sex-specific data are required in the field of radiation protection and human spaceflight. This study shows that if reasonably achievable radioprotection conditions are met, mixed crews can stay safely on the lunar surface. Compressed regolith demonstrates a significant efficiency in thermal insulation, requiring little energy management to keep a comfortable temperature inside the habitat. For a more complete picture of the outpost, the radiation protection of lunar rovers and extravehicular mobility units is considered.
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Eads, Ryker W., and J. Roger P. Angel. "A 20 m wide-field diffraction-limited telescope." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 379, no. 2188 (November 23, 2020): 20200141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2020.0141.
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A 20 m space telescope is described with an unvignetted 1° field of view—a hundred times larger in area than fields of existing space telescopes. Its diffraction-limited images are a hundred times sharper than from wide-field ground-based telescopes and extend over much if not all the field, 40 arcmin diameter at 500 nm wavelength, for example. The optical system yielding a 1°, 1.36 m diameter image at f/3.9 has relatively small central obscuration, 9% by area on axis, and is fully baffled. Several carousel-mounted instruments can each access directly the full image. The initial instrument complement includes a 400 gigapixel silicon imager with 2 µm pixels (0.005 arcsec), and a 60 gigapixel HgCdTe imager with 5 µm pixels (0.012 arcsec). A multi-object spectrograph with 10 000 fibres will allow spectroscopy with 0.02 arcsec resolution. Direct imaging and spectroscopy of exoplanets can take advantage of the un-aberrated, on-axis image (5 nm RMS wavefront error). While this telescope could be built for operation in free space, a site accessible to a human outpost at the Moon's south pole would be advantageous, for assembly and repairs. The lunar site would allow also for the installation of new instruments to keep up with evolving scientific priorities and advancing technology. Cooling to less than 100E K would be achieved with a surrounding cylindrical thermal shield. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Astronomy from the Moon: the next decades’.
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Lestari, Riksa Sugia, and Sambas Ali Muhidin. "Pengaruh penerapan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe mood, understand, recall, detect, elaborate, review terhadap hasil belajar siswa." Jurnal Pendidikan Manajemen Perkantoran 4, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jpm.v4i1.14959.
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Teaching and learning model is one of the factors influencing students’ learning outputs. This article discusses results of a quasi-experimental study which aims to investigate the influence of Cooperative Learning Model Mood, Understand, Recall, Detect, Elaborate, Review Type on learning outputs of 86 vocational high school students, in the subject of Public Relations Administration and Protocol (in the competence of explain Public Relations Professional Organization). Using non-equivalent control group design, results of data analysis show that Cooperative Learning Model Mood, Understand, Recall, Detect, Elaborate, Review Type is more suitable to improve students’ learning output in the competence of explain Public Relations Professional Organization, compare to Discovery Learning model. Thus, Cooperative Learning Model Mood, Understand, Recall, Detect, Elaborate, Review Type is worth using by teachers of the subject to improve the learning outputs of their students in this subject.ABSTRAKModel pembelajaran adalah salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa. Artikel ini membahas hasil penelitian kuasi eksperimen yang ditujukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Mood, Understand, Recall, Detect, Elaborate, Review terhadap hasil belajar 86 orang siswa di sebuah SMK di Kota Bandung pada mata pelajaran Administrasi Humas dan Protokol, kompetensi dasar Menguraikan Organisasi Profesi Humas. Dengan menggunakan non-equivalent control group design, hasil analisa data menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Mood, Understand, Recall, Detect, Elaborate, Review lebih cocok dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam mempelajari kompetensi dasar Menguraikan Organisasi Profesi Humas, dibandingkan dengan model Discovery Learning. Dengan demikian model pembelalajaran kooperatif tipe Mood, Understand, Recall, Detect, Elaborate, Review dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif bagi para guru Mata Pelajaran Adm. Humas dan Protokol dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran tersebut.
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Glynn, Peter W., and Donald L. Iglehart. "Simulation Output Analysis Using Standardized Time Series." Mathematics of Operations Research 15, no. 1 (February 1990): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.15.1.1.
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York, Jennifer E., Andrew J. Young, and Andrew N. Radford. "Singing in the moonlight: dawn song performance of a diurnal bird varies with lunar phase." Biology Letters 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 20130970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2013.0970.
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It is well established that the lunar cycle can affect the behaviour of nocturnal animals, but its potential to have a similar influence on diurnal species has received less research attention. Here, we demonstrate that the dawn song of a cooperative songbird, the white-browed sparrow weaver ( Plocepasser mahali ), varies with moon phase. When the moon was above the horizon at dawn, males began singing on average 10 min earlier, if there was a full moon compared with a new moon, resulting in a 67% mean increase in performance period and greater total song output. The lack of a difference between full and new moon dawns when the moon was below the horizon suggests that the observed effects were driven by light intensity, rather than driven by other factors associated with moon phase. Effects of the lunar cycle on twilight signalling behaviour have implications for both pure and applied animal communication research.
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Jumaat, Siti Amely, Ong Wei Liang, Mohd Noor Abdullah, Nur Hanis Radzi, Rohaiza Hamdan, and Suriana Salimin. "Modeling of 185W of mono-crystalline solar panel using MATLAB/Simulink." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i4.pp2005-2012.
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This paper presents a modeling of 185W Mono-crystalline Solar Panel Using Matlab/Simulink approach. The objective of this project to carried out the efficiency and performance of Solar Panel. The type of solar panel in this project is a mono-crystalline by the SC Origin Company. A temperature and irradiance are the input parameters of the system. The outputs of the system are voltage, current and power. In addition, the data of temperature and irradiance from August to December 2017 by RETScreen Website. This data are used as an inout for PV System and the curve of I-V and P-V as the output. The data are collected at location 1.86° N, 103.09° E which is in Bandar Penggaram, Johor. The output result of I-V and P-V will be used to compare with the reference.
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Stylios, George K., and Dan Ying Yang. "The Concept of Mood Changing Garments Made from Luminescent Woven Fabrics and Flexible Photovoltaics “MoodWear”." Advances in Science and Technology 80 (September 2012): 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.80.22.
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In this project, solar harvesting and sound sensing are inputs for energy and mood, whilst power consumption for electronic devices and colour changing through lighting are the corresponding outputs. Between each set of input and output, there are key steps in processing, computing and testing which determine the working of the system. Purposed built printed-circuit boards (PCBs) are designed and made by integrating, programming and implementing ICs. For the energy system, a PCB is required for storing and conditioning the power from the PVs, and it uses a programmable microcontroller to decode the wearer’s mood intelligibly through a microphone in the information system. In this paper, the operation of the SMART clothing photonic system named “MoodWear” in energy harvesting and mood changing will be described, and the garment collection will be presented.
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Annesi, James J. "Longitudinal Effects of Supported Exercise on Elevated Anxiety and Depression Scores in Formerly Sedentary Adults With Severe Obesity." Journal of Prevention and Health Promotion 3, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/26320770211056858.
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Persistent anxiety and depression may be particularly high in individuals with obesity. Increasing exercise reliably improves mood in the general population; however, it has rarely been tested specifically in adults with severe obesity. Volunteer participants (60% women) of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral weight-management treatment with severe obesity and elevated (highest 10% based on normative values) depression ( N = 89) or anxiety ( N = 60) were assessed at baseline and Month 6 on measures of exercise output (overall, and whether the equivalent of three moderate sessions/week [i.e., ≥ 15 METs/week] were completed), corresponding mood, and exercise barriers self-efficacy. There were significant improvements (large effect sizes) in exercise outputs and mood. Increase in exercise outputs was significantly associated with reduced depression (β = −.52) and anxiety (β = −.67) scores. At least 15 METs/week of exercise was reached by 61% and 60% of participants, respectively. Participants demonstrated significantly greater reductions in depression and anxiety scores over 6 months than those completing lower amounts. Change in exercise barriers self-efficacy significantly mediated the following: (a) the prediction of depression change by change in exercise output and (b) the prediction of change in anxiety by completion/non-completion of ≥ 15 METs/week of exercise. Findings suggest substantial benefits for depression and anxiety in adults with severe obesity under conditions of moderate exercise supported by a community-based cognitive-behavioral treatment. Because of its identified mediation properties, future behavioral treatments should seek to increase barriers self-efficacy to maximize effects on elevated depression and anxiety and possibly weight.
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Ikejiofor, Onyinye Emmanuella, Yeboah Emmanuel Asuamah, Howard O. Njoku, and Samuel O. Enibe. "Detection of Hotspots and Performance Deteriotations in PV Modules under Partial Shading Conditions Using Infrared Thermography." Engineering Proceedings 2, no. 1 (November 14, 2020): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-7-08201.
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Operating photovoltaic (PV) modules are frequently shaded by nearby structures, vegetation, droppings, etc., and this reduces the effective incident solar radiation received by the modules. Shading also reduces the power output of PV modules and, under certain conditions, causes the formation of hotspots. In this study, a wide variety of partial shading scenarios were investigated to evaluate their effects on the output current, voltage and efficiencies, and hotspot formation in mono-crystalline and poly-crystalline PV modules operating under the ambient conditions experienced in Nsukka, Nigeria. Sixteen shading cases were considered, including 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% of the modules’ surface areas shaded parallel to the long sides, parallel to the short sides, diagonally and randomly. Test ambient conditions, module outputs and surface thermal patterns were simultaneously monitored using a digital solarimeter, multimeter and infrared thermal imager, respectively. The outputs of the modules decreased to almost zero when as little as 40% of the module surfaces were shaded, with the reductions in performance being more severe in the mono-crystalline modules than in the poly-crystalline modules. The infrared thermography revealed the thermal patterns under the different shading conditions and showed that the random shading of the modules was the most likely to result in hotspots.
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Li, Yong. "Evaluation of Learning Efficiency of Massive Open Online Courses Learners." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 17, no. 17 (September 8, 2022): 50–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i17.33849.
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This study selected 175 massive open online courses (MOOC) learners of the School of Marxism in a university in Henan Province as respondents. A hierarchical clustering analysis was carried out using SPSS22.0, and the learning styles of learners were classified by k-means clustering. The learning efficiency of learners was estimated by data envelopment analysis (DEA), and the differences of learning styles in learning inputs and learning outputs were analyzed through a variance test. Results demonstrated that according to hierarchical clustering analysis, the learning behavioral indicators of MOOC learners could be divided into four classes. According to the results of k-means clustering, learning styles could be divided into four types, namely, high-input-high-output, high-input-low-output, low-input-high-output, and low-input-low-output. Clustering results could explain significant differences in learning inputs well, thus showing significance (P<0.05). A total of 125 respondents were non-DEA effective, accounting for 71.43%. Moreover, 114 respondents had fixed or increasing returns to scale, accounting for 65.14%. The conclusions of this research are of important significance to analyze the progress effectiveness of students, increase the scientificity and rationality of teaching evaluation theory, train teaching managers to control the teaching effects, and make scientific evaluations of the learning efficiency of university students.
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Mane, Shreya. "Moon Colonization for Human civilization: Theoretical Overview." 1 1, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.46632/ese/1/1/8.
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Space colonization or space settlement or extra-terrestrial colonization is hypothetical permanent habitation and exploitation of natural resources from outside spaceflight or operating space outputs. The primary argument calling for space colonization is the long-term survival of human civilization and terrestrial life. By developing alternative locations off Earth, the planet’s species, including humans, could live on in the event of natural or human made disasters on our own planet. Colonizing a natural body would provide an ample source of material for construction and other uses in space, including shielding from cosmic radiation. The energy required to send objects from the Moon to space is much less than from Earth to space. The objective of this paper is to study the basic requirements and environment and issues (medical and technical) to face while colonizing the moon. Its base, sides of the moon, soil,gravity requirements, water form particles, etc. This paper also presented the internal structure of the Moon, its design criteria, gravitation, challenges, risk/safety, etc.
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Rodríguez-Fdez, Sonia, Carmen Citterio, L. Francisco Lorenzo-Martín, Jesús Baltanás-Copado, Clara Llorente-González, Senena Corbalán-García, Miguel Vicente-Manzanares, and Xosé R. Bustelo. "Phosphatidylinositol Monophosphates Regulate Optimal Vav1 Signaling Output." Cells 8, no. 12 (December 16, 2019): 1649. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121649.
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Phosphatidylinositol–5 phosphate (PI5P) and other mono-phosphoinositides (mono-PIs) play second messenger roles in both physiological and pathological conditions. Despite this, their intracellular targets and mechanisms of action remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that Vav1, a protein that exhibits both Rac1 GDP/GTP exchange and adaptor activities, is positively modulated by PI5P and, possibly, other mono-PIs. Unlike other phospholipid–protein complexes, the affinity and specificity of the Vav1–lipid interaction entail a new structural solution that involves the synergistic action of the Vav1 C1 domain and an adjacent polybasic tail. This new regulatory layer, which is not conserved in the Vav family paralogs, favors the engagement of optimal Vav1 signaling outputs in lymphocytes.
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Damerdji, Halim. "Strong Consistency of the Variance Estimator in Steady-State Simulation Output Analysis." Mathematics of Operations Research 19, no. 2 (May 1994): 494–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/moor.19.2.494.
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Rovira-Navarro, Marc, Isamu Matsuyama, and Hamish C. F. C. Hay. "Thin-shell Tidal Dynamics of Ocean Worlds." Planetary Science Journal 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/psj/acae9a.
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Abstract Several solar system moons harbor subsurface water oceans; extreme internal heating or solar irradiation can form magma oceans in terrestrial bodies. Tidal forces drive ocean currents, producing tidal heating that affects the thermal−orbital evolution of these worlds. If the outermost layers (ocean and overlying shell) are thin, tidal dynamics can be described using thin-shell theory. Previous work assumed that the ocean and shell's thickness and density are uniform. We present a formulation of thin-shell dynamics that relaxes these assumptions and apply it to several cases of interest. The tidal response of unstratified oceans of constant thickness is given by surface gravity and Rossby waves, which can resonate with the tidal force. The oceans of the outer solar system are too thick for gravity wave resonances, but high-amplitude Rossby waves can be excited in moons with high orbital obliquity. We find that meridional ocean thickness variations hinder the excitation of Rossby waves, decreasing tidal dissipation and increasing the inclination damping timescale, which allows us to reconcile the present inclination of the Moon with the existence of a past long-lived magma ocean and to explain the inclination of Titan and Callisto without invoking a recent excitation. Stratified oceans can support internal gravity waves. We show that dissipation due to internal waves can exceed that resulting from surface gravity waves. For Enceladus, it can be close to the moon’s thermal output, even if the ocean is weakly stratified. Shear due to internal waves can result in Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities and induce ocean mixing.
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Nolan, T., and J. Connolly. "Mixed v. mono-grazing by steers and sheep." Animal Production 48, no. 3 (June 1989): 519–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100004049.
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ABSTRACTThe effects of mixed v. mono-grazing by steers and sheep on individual animal growth rate, pasture carrying capacity and live-weight output per ha were measured in a 4-year (1978 to 1981) experiment, after a preliminary familiarization year, 1977. Annual stocking rate treatments consisted of three monosteer, three mono-sheep and seven mixtures of steers and sheep. Annual average stocking rates were 2·11 steers † 8·1 ewes per ha under mixed grazing and, under mono-grazing, 4·44 steers and 15·2 ewes per ha. The range from low to high in stocking rate in mono- or mixed grazing was close to 40%. Over the 4 years a total of about 280 steers, 900 ewes and 1100 lambs were used.Overall, mixed grazing increased average lamb daily live-weight gain (ADG) to weaning and to drafting from 246 to 265 g (P < 0001) and from 211 to 223 g (P < 0·001) respectively. Steer ADG for these periods was increased from 1·419 to 1·520 kg (P < 0·01) and from 0·950 to 1·094 kg (P < 0·001). The choice of reference mono-grazing stocking rates for comparisons of mixed v. mono-grazing ADG can affect these results. Average live-weight outputs (kg/ha) from grazing for the mono-steers, mono-sheep, and mixed grazing were 663, 690 and 714, the range in the latter over the seven mixed grazing treatments being from 605 to 805. Stocking rate was the main factor affecting output per ha. Because of the management rules used in this experiment mixed grazing effects are more appropriately assessed through ADG and measures based on it than on output per unit of area.Models were fitted relating steer and lamb ADG to lamb weaning and lamb and steer drafting to stocking rates of steers and ewes. Mixed grazing benefits to steer and lamb ADG to drafting were greater as their proportion in the mix declined and increased with stocking rate. At the 50% proportion, lamb and steer ADG were improved by 5·2 and 3·4% respectively at low stocking rate and 9·4 and 6·6 at high stocking rate. Predicted steer ADG to lamb weaning for a given steer stocking rate increased with increases in ewe proportion up to five ewes per ha and decreased rapidly with further increments in ewe proportion.Mixed grazing efficiency was also evaluated through the Relative Resource Total. This showed that under mono-grazing 10 to 13% more area was required to produce the same grazing season output as under mixed grazing. The 10% improvement in carrying capacity was exceeded for ewe: steer frequencies ranging from 1·5: 1 to 10: 1. Explanations for this greater efficiency in resource capture/use under mixed grazing are discussed.Substitution rates for lamb ADG to weaning (2·35) and to drafting (2·86) and for steer ADG to drafting (0·21) were fairly constant over the 4 years 1978 to 1981.Selection of mixed stocking rates to suit growth rate targets for different animal types and to match food supply with demand under varying soil/climatic/topographical conditions is discussed.
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FORSTER, M. E. "Myocardial Oxygen Consumption and Lactate Release by the Hypoxic Hagfish Heart." Journal of Experimental Biology 156, no. 1 (March 1, 1991): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.156.1.583.
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Myocardial oxygen consumption (MOO2)and lactic acid release were measured in the isolated heart of a hagfish (Eptatretus cirrhatus Forster) perfused in vitro. Two different ranges of partial pressures of oxygen were employed (PIOO2 3.87-5.87 and 1.60-2.67 kPa). All hearts released lactate into the perfusate, but the rate of release was greater and MOO2 was depressed at the lower PIOO2. When energy production through the glycolytic pathway to lactate is converted to oxygen equivalents and added to measured oxygen consumption rates, over a wide range of power outputs and different values of POO2, the data can be fitted to a single linear regression line. The rate of oxygen consumption of the hagfish myocardium, so obtained, is similar to values reported for teleost fish. The unusual ability of the hagfish myocardium to support perhaps up to 50 + of its maximal power output through anaerobic metabolism is related to its extremely low cardiac energy demand.
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How, Jason Richard, and Simon de Lestang. "Acoustic tracking: issues affecting design, analysis and interpretation of data from movement studies." Marine and Freshwater Research 63, no. 4 (2012): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf11194.
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Acoustic telemetry systems are an increasingly common way to examine the movement and behaviour of marine organisms. However, there has been little published on the methodological and analytical work associated with this technology. We tested transmitters of differing power outputs simultaneously in several trials, some lasting ~50 days, to examine the effects of power output and environmental factors (water movement, temperature, lunar cycle and time of day). There were considerable and volatile changes in detections throughout all trials. Increased water movement and temperature significantly reduced detection rates, whereas daytime and full-moon periods had significantly higher detection rates. All nine transmitters (from seven transmitter types tested) showed a sigmoidal trend between detection frequency and distance. Higher-powered transmitters had a prolonged detection distance with near-maximal detections, whereas lower-powered transmitters showed an almost immediate decline. Variation of detection frequency, transmitter type and the modelled relationship between distance and detection frequency were incorporated into a positioning trial which resulted in markedly improved position estimates over previous techniques.
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Abdul-Ganiyu, Saeed, David A. Quansah, Emmanuel W. Ramde, Razak Seidu, and Muyiwa S. Adaramola. "Investigation of Solar Photovoltaic-Thermal (PVT) and Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Performance: A Case Study in Ghana." Energies 13, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 2701. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112701.
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The main objective of this paper is to experimentally assess the real-life outdoor performance of a photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module against a conventional photovoltaic (PV) system in a hot humid tropical climate in Ghana. An experimental setup comprising a water-based mono-crystalline silicon PVT and an ordinary mono-crystalline silicon PV was installed on a rooftop at the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology in Kumasi and results evaluated for the entire year of 2019. It was observed that the annual total output energy of PV module was 194.79 kWh/m2 whereas that of the PVT for electrical and thermal outputs were 149.92 kWh/m2 and 1087.79 kWh/m2, respectively. The yearly average daily electrical energy yield for the PV and PVT were 3.21 kWh/kWp/day and 2.72 kWh/kWp/day, respectively. The annual performance ratios for the PV and PVT (based on electrical energy output only) were 79.2% and 51.6%, respectively, whilst their capacity factors were, respectively, 13.4% and 11.3%. Whereas the highest monthly mean efficiency recorded for the PV was 12.7%, the highest combined measured monthly mean electrical/thermal efficiency of the PVT was 56.1%. It is also concluded that the PVT is a worthy prospective alternative energy source in off-grid situations.
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Ding, Yixing, Huadong Guo, Guang Liu, Chunming Han, Haolv Shang, Zhixing Ruan, and Mingyang Lv. "Constructing a High-Accuracy Geometric Model for Moon-Based Earth Observation." Remote Sensing 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 2611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11222611.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Moon provides us with a long-term, stable, and unique place for Earth observation. Space agencies of various countries, including the United States, China, and Italy, have made the realization of Moon-based Earth observation an objective of their lunar missions. To date, although some conceptual studies have been presented, an accurate geometric model for Moon-based Earth observation has not yet been described. This paper introduces such a geometric model, whichconnects the attitude of a Moon-based sensor with a corresponding field of view on the Earth’s surface. The aberration and light time correction are involved. Due to the lack of high-qualityexperimental data, one qualitative comparison with Chang’E lander images and another quantitative comparison with software output are made. The comparison results show good similarity. The overallmodel accuracy is evaluated to be better than 400 at current stage and will be better than 1.500 if the seleno-graphic position is accurately determined. In direct geolocation process, the aberration and light time will cause a total 0.7 km deviation on the ground near the sublunar point. In SAR range history simulation, the light time eect will lead to a linear error, as large as tens of meters, throughoutthe integration time.
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Patel, Taran. "Promoting multi-paradigmatic cultural research in international business literature." Journal of Organizational Change Management 29, no. 4 (July 4, 2016): 599–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-07-2015-0120.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to address four questions: what are the drawbacks of an over reliance on the objectivist tradition in culture in international business (CIB) scholarship? Is a shift from mono-paradigmatic to multi-paradigmatic cultural research justified? What explains scholars’ hesitation in engaging in multi-paradigmatic studies? What arguments can we offer to convince them otherwise? Design/methodology/approach – Informed by the critical perspective, this paper encourages a shift from mono-paradigmatic to multi-paradigmatic cultural studies. Guided by an emancipatory interest, and treating the field of culture studies as a complex system, this paper offers an integrative complexity (IC) based argument in favor of multi-paradigmatic studies. It argues that multi-paradigmatic studies allow scholars to employ higher IC than mono-paradigmatic studies, resulting in more innovative research outputs. Findings – While mono-paradigmatic studies can achieve either predictability of output or in-depth understanding of cultural phenomena, multi-paradigmatic studies are capable of attaining both. The authors illustrate this through the example of a recent multi-paradigmatic study. Research limitations/implications – This paper does not offer insights for operationalizing multi-paradigmatic research, nor does it address factors other than IC that may impede scholars from engaging in such studies. Practical implications – Shifting from mono-paradigmatic to multi-paradigmatic studies will enable scholars to address questions hitherto left unaddressed in CIB literature, facilitate a better understanding of new organizational forms, and redress the power disequilibrium between different paradigmatic schools. Implications are also offered for the training of cultural researchers in business schools. Originality/value – This paper is the first of its kind to relate IC to merits of multi-paradigmatic cultural studies.
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Choi, S. H., J. H. Lee, W. E. Meador, and E. J. Conway. "A 50-kW Module Power Station of Directly Solar-Pumped Iodine Laser." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 119, no. 4 (November 1, 1997): 304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conceptual design of a 50 kW directly solar-pumped iodine laser (DSPIL) module was developed for a space-based power station which transmits its coherent-beam power to users such as the moon, Martian rovers, or other satellites with large (>25 kW) electric power requirements. Integration of multiple modules would provide an amount of power that exceeds the power of a single module by combining and directing the coherent beams to the user’s receiver. The model developed for the DSPIL system conservatively predicts the laser output power (50 kW) that appears much less than the laser output (93 kW) obtained from the gain volume ratio extrapolation of experimental data. The difference in laser outputs may be attributed to reflector configurations adopted in both design and experiment. Even though the photon absorption by multiple reflections in experimental cavity setup was more efficient, the maximum secondary absorption amounts to be only 24.7 percent of the primary. However, the gain volume ratio shows 86 percent more power output than theoretical estimation that is roughly 60 percent more than the contribution by the secondary absorption. Such a difference indicates that the theoretical model adopted in the study underestimates the overall performance of the DSPIL. This fact may tolerate more flexible and radical selection of design parameters than used in this design study. The design achieves an overall specific power of approximately 5 W/kg and total mass of 10 metric tons.
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Chen, Guoqiang, Huadong Guo, Yixing Ding, Haolu Shang, Mingyang Lv, and Ke Zhang. "Influence of Topography on the Site Selection of a Moon-Based Earth Observation Station." Sensors 21, no. 21 (October 29, 2021): 7198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21217198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Moon provides a long-term, stable, and unique location for Earth observation. Several space agencies, such as NASA, ESA, and CNSA, have conducted lunar explorations. To build a Moon-based observation station, site selection is the first step. The time coverage of Earth observation, e.g., the whole Earth disc observation or Earth-related plasmasphere and magnetosphere, the duration of sunlight coverage, and topography (i.e., slope) are the three major factors influencing site selection, especially in the Moon’s south pole region. In this study, we used the Chang’E digital elevation model (DEM) together with Earth, Moon, and Sun positions deduced from JPL ephemeris for site selection. Two craters, Faustini and Shoemaker, were chosen for the fuzzy evaluation of these three factors based on a multiple-input single-output (MISO) model during a 19-year period. The results show that the edge regions of craters and small hills, potholes, or uplifts inside craters are unsuitable for a Moon-based observation station. The south pole area, including these two craters, has relatively low time coverage of sunlight and some unevenly distributed, permanent shadow areas. This indicates a low thermal environment for radiation protection, whereas the relatively flat topography and the ability to cover a field of view several times the Earth’s radius enable observations of the plasmasphere and magnetosphere.
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Asrori, Asrori, Imam Mashudi, and Suyanta Suyanta. "Pengujian Rasio Kinerja Instalasi Panel Surya Tipe Silikon–Kristal pada Kondisi Cuaca Kota Malang." Jurnal Energi dan Teknologi Manufaktur (JETM) 2, no. 02 (December 31, 2019): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33795/jetm.v2i02.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indonesia has the potential of global solar radiation reaching 4.5 to 5.5 kWh /m2/day. Due to this fact, the utilization of solar energy using solar panel technology is an alternative to use energy from renewable resources. In the present study, the performance of crystalline silicon solar panels (mono and polycrystalline) under malang city climate (7,944o S ;112,613o E) were experimentally compared. The solar radiation, ambient temperature, current and voltage output, were monitored to determine normalized power output efficiency and the performance ratio of the two different solar panels. The obtained results indicate that the performance of solar panel is influenced by solar radiation, weather condition (cloudy and clear day), wind velocity and type of solar panel installation. Finaly, the normalized power output efficiency of the mono and polycrystalline by 70.79% and 66.33%, respectively. In addition, the performance ratio of mono and polycrystalline by 0.63 and 0.61, respectively. Its showed that, the performance of mon
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Jabbarpoor, Shadab, and Zia Tajeddin. "Enhanced input, individual output, and collaborative output: Effects on the acquisition of the English subjunctive mood." Revista signos 46, no. 82 (August 2013): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-09342013000200003.
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Liu, Xia, Yongqiu Liu, and Mohammad Eslami. "On the Determination of the Output Power in Mono/Multicrystalline Photovoltaic Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2021 (May 7, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6692598.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the present work, two artificial intelligence-based models were proposed to determine the output power of two types of photovoltaic cells including multicrystalline (multi-) and monocrystalline (mono-). Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and Least-squares support vector machine (LSSVM) are applied for the output power calculations. The estimation results are very close to the actual data based on graphical and statistical analysis. The coefficients of determination ( R 2 ) of monocrystalline cell output power for LSSVM and ANFIS models are as 0.997 and 0.962, respectively. Additionally, multicells have R 2 values of 0.999 and 0.995 for LSSVM and ANFIS, respectively. The acceptable values for R 2 and various error parameters prove the accuracy of suggested models. The visualization of these comparisons clarifies the accuracy of suggested models. Additionally, the proposed models are compared with previously published machine learning methods. The accurate performance of proposed models in comparison with others showed that our models can be helpful tools for the estimation of output power. Moreover, a sensitivity analysis for the effects of inputs parameters on output power has been employed. The sensitivity output shows that light intensity has more on output power. The outcomes of this study provide interesting tools which have potential to apply in different parts of renewable energy industries.
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Martínez-Díaz, Inmaculada C., and Luis Carrasco. "Neurophysiological Stress Response and Mood Changes Induced by High-Intensity Interval Training: A Pilot Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 8, 2021): 7320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147320.
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This pilot study, conducted in advance of a future definitive randomized controlled trial, aimed to investigate the feasibility of using a HIIT-based intervention to induce neurophysiological stress responses that could be associated with possible changes in mood. Twenty-five active male college students with an average age of 21.7 ± 2.1 years, weight 72.6 ± 8.4 kg, height 177 ± 6.1 cm, and BMI: 23.1 ± 1.4 kg/m2 took part in this quasi-experimental pilot study in which they were evaluated in two different sessions. In the first session, subjects performed a graded exercise test to determine the cycling power output corresponding to VO2peak. The second session consisted of (a) pre-intervention assessment (collection of blood samples for measuring plasma corticotropin and cortisol levels, and application of POMS questionnaire to evaluate mood states); (b) exercise intervention (10 × 1-min of cycling at VO2peak power output); (c) post-intervention assessment, and (d) 30-min post-intervention evaluation. Significant post-exercise increases in corticotropin and cortisol plasma levels were observed whereas mood states decreased significantly at this assessment time-point. However, a significant increase in mood was found 30-min after exercise. Finally, significant relationships between increases in stress hormones concentrations and changes in mood states after intense exercise were observed. In conclusion, our HIIT-based intervention was feasible to deliver and acceptable to participants. A single bout of HIIT induced acute changes in mood states that seems to be associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation.
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Kirmizis, Antonis, Helena Santos-Rosa, Christopher J. Penkett, Michael A. Singer, Roland D. Green, and Tony Kouzarides. "Distinct transcriptional outputs associated with mono- and dimethylated histone H3 arginine 2." Nature Structural & Molecular Biology 16, no. 4 (March 8, 2009): 449–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.1569.
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Abdullah, A. Z., M. H. Amlus, N. Azizan, I. M. Sali, and M. H. Rahim. "Performance Analysis of Different Type PV Module for 3kW Residential Roof Top PV System using PVSyst Simulation tool." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2312, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2312/1/012042.
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Abstract The purpose of this article is to discuss a performance comparison of solar panel between mono crystalline, poly crystalline and HIT photovoltaic for roof top solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Residential PV power generation is a growing fast nowadays due to technology transfer success to everyone while also serving as a renewable energy source. Correct selection of PV modules possible to get a fast return of investment while wrong selection is vice versa. Three type of PV panel was applying in 3.12kW rooftop PV design in Selangor, Malaysia residential this work for comparison analysis. To make a fair comparison, the PV module analyse with same location, weather, orientation and losses. Simulation was performed fully under PVSyst software and looking at performance ratio system, a yearly balanced, effective output energy, daily output generation, system output generation, and yearly system losses. In this article the performance of three different types of PV panels is demonstrated. The HIT PV module shows the highest yearly performance ratio up to 81 % compare to mono and poly type. The normalized production with standardized variable to evaluate the PV output including collection losses, device losses and energy generated show the HIT type produces lowest losses while highest output. The performance of HIT PV module was good compared to PV module mono and poly type; this is due to the lower losses and high output produce significantly. The PV system’s payback period can be shortened, and the PV system can perform better, if the PV panels are more efficient.
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Fillingim, Kenton B., Hannah Shapiro, Catherine J. Reichling, and Katherine Fu. "Effect of physical activity through virtual reality on design creativity." Artificial Intelligence for Engineering Design, Analysis and Manufacturing 35, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890060420000529.
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AbstractA deeper understanding of creativity and design is essential for the development of tools to improve designers’ creative processes and drive future innovation. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of physical activity versus movement in a virtual environment on the creative output of industrial design students. This study contributes a novel assessment of whether the use of virtual reality can produce the same creative output within designers as physical activity has been shown to produce in prior studies. Eighteen industrial design students at the Georgia Institute of Technology completed nine design tasks across three conditions in a within-subjects experimental design. In each condition, participants independently experienced one of three interventions. Solutions were scored for novelty and feasibility, and self-reported mood data was correlated with performance. No significant differences were found in novelty or feasibility of solutions across the conditions. However, there are statistically significant correlations between mood, interventions, and peak performance to be discussed. The results show that participants who experienced movement in virtual reality prior to problem solving performed at an equal or higher level than physical walking for all design tasks and all designer moods. This serves as motivation for continuing to study how VR can provide an impact on a designer's creative output. Hypothesized creative performance with each mode is discussed using trends from four categories of mood, based on the combined mood characteristics of pleasantness (positive/negative) and activation (active/passive).
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Chakraborty, Suprava, and Rajesh Kumar. "Comparative analysis of NOCT values for mono and multi C-Si PV modules in Indian climatic condition." World Journal of Engineering 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1708-5284.12.1.19.
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The power output of Photo-voltaic modules is generally rated at STC (Standard Test Condition), 1000W/m2 irradiance, 25°C temperature and 1.5G Air Mass. But in actual field condition the situation is different from STC. Output of PV module is a function of Irradiance, ambient temperature, wind speed and module temperature. It is well established that power output of PV module decreases with increase of module temperature. So it is important to know the temperature of PV module to determine the reduction in power output due to temperature. Module temperature can be determined if irradiance at that instant and NOCT value of that module is known. This work presents the variation in NOCT value with respect to rated power output of PV module and comparison of NOCT values for same rated power mono and multi crystalline Si modules from various manufacturers. According to this study NOCT value increases with the wattage of PV module. For same rated power modules, NOCT value of mono crystalline Si is more than multi crystalline Si.
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Hendriksen, Pauline A., Johan Garssen, Elisabeth Y. Bijlsma, Ferdi Engels, Gillian Bruce, and Joris C. Verster. "COVID-19 Lockdown-Related Changes in Mood, Health and Academic Functioning." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 1440–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11040103.
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The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns were accompanied by an abrupt transition from face-to-face education to online education. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on academic functioning and mood in Dutch pharmacy students and PhD candidates. A total of n = 341 participants completed an online survey including questions on mood and academic functioning, assessed retrospectively for before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, during COVID-19 lockdown, significantly more time was spent on academic activities, and study grades/output significantly improved. However, the overall effects were of small magnitude, and there was great variability among students, reporting either improved, unchanged or poorer academic functioning. Compared to before COVID-19, the lockdown periods were associated with significantly increased levels of stress, anxiety, depression, fatigue, and loneliness, and a significant reduction in optimism and happiness. Significant negative correlations were found between ‘performance quality’ and stress, ‘performance quality’ and fatigue, ‘study grades/output’ and stress, and between ‘study grades/output’ and fatigue. Correlations of mood and items related to academic interactions were not statistically significant. Differential effects were seen when the data was analyzed according to sex, living situation, and ethnicity, revealing that women, students living alone, and those with a migration background reported that COVID-19 lockdowns had greater negative mood effects and a more negative impact on academic functioning. Poorer sleep quality and reduced quality of life were significantly associated with reduced mood, as well as reduced academic performance quality and role satisfaction. Regression analysis revealed that being young and not having a non-Western migration background were predictors of improved performance quality. However, only being young was a significant predictor of improved study grades/output during the COVID-19 pandemic. Increased levels of stress and fatigue were significant predictors of both reduced performance quality and poorer study grades/output during the COVID-19 pandemic. In conclusion, for the sample as a whole, the transition to online education during the COVID-19 lockdown was judged as having significant positive effects on academic performance. The lockdown periods were associated with significantly reduced mood and reduced social interactions. It should be taken into account that about one third of students reported academic functioning to be poorer during the COVID-19 pandemic. This represents a substantial group of students who require more attention and guidance to make a successful transition to online education and cope with lockdown-associated stress and fatigue.
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McCLEERY, J. M., Z. BHAGWAGAR, K. A. SMITH, G. M. GOODWIN, and P. J. COWEN. "Modelling a loss event: effect of imagined bereavement on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 1 (January 2000): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799001361.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Loss events are the stressors most closely associated with the onset of depressive illnesses. The acute cortisol response to loss has been little studied although it could be an important mediator of the effects of environmental stress on psychological state.Methods. The salivary cortisol response to an established negative mood induction procedure involving music and an imagined bereavement was measured in 30 healthy volunteers.Results. Considerable but transient mood lowering in response to the negative mood induction was associated with a small increase in cortisol output over 30 min.Conclusions. This procedure has some potential as a tool to investigate individual differences in the neuroendocrine response to loss events, but this is limited. There remains a need for laboratory models of relevant psychosocial stressors in mood disorders research.
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Moorkens, Joss, Antonio Toral, Sheila Castilho, and Andy Way. "Translators’ perceptions of literary post-editing using statistical and neural machine translation." Translation Spaces 7, no. 2 (November 28, 2018): 240–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ts.18014.moo.
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Abstract In the context of recent improvements in the quality of machine translation (MT) output and new use cases being found for that output, this article reports on an experiment using statistical and neural MT systems to translate literature. Six professional translators with experience of literary translation produced English-to-Catalan translations under three conditions: translation from scratch, neural MT post-editing, and statistical MT post-editing. They provided feedback before and after the translation via questionnaires and interviews. While all participants prefer to translate from scratch, mostly due to the freedom to be creative without the constraints of segment-level segmentation, those with less experience find the MT suggestions useful.
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Sano, Hideki. "Exponential stability of a mono-tubular heat exchanger equation with output feedback." Systems & Control Letters 50, no. 5 (December 2003): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6911(03)00193-2.
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Chen, Jian-Hua, Wen-Ying Lu, and Dao-Lin Peng. "Strong stability of the mono-tubular heat exchanger equation with output feedback." Systems & Control Letters 60, no. 1 (January 2011): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sysconle.2010.10.002.
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Xu, Xiaodong, and Stevan Dubljevic. "Finite-dimensional output feedback regulator for a mono-tubular heat exchanger process." IFAC-PapersOnLine 49, no. 8 (2016): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.418.
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Ren, Sha, and Gao Wa. "Preparation and Luminescent Properties of Na2Sr(MoO4)2: Eu3+, Gd3+ Red Phosphors." Applied Mechanics and Materials 343 (July 2013): 107–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.343.107.
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Red phosphors Eu3+- doped and Eu3+, Gd3+ co-doped Na2Sr (MoO4)2 were prepared by sol-gel method, the crystal structural, morphology and composition were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the synthesized Na2Sr (MoO4)2: Eu3+, Gd3+ crystallites with stability tetragonal scheelite structure after sintering temperature at 800°C. The particle size distributions of phosphor sample are irregular and the granule size about 0.5μm.The excitation and emission spectra were investigated that the influence of Gd3+ ions on the luminescent properties of Eu3+ in Na2Sr (MoO4)2: Eu3+ system. Luminescent intensity of Eu3+ on the Na2Sr (MoO4)2: Eu3+, Gd3+ phosphor is much stronger than that of Eu3+ single doped. It is indicated that the sensitizing effect of Gd3+ for luminescence of Eu3+ obviously. The highest excitation intensity of Na2Sr (MoO4)2: Eu3+, Gd3+ at 466 nm, matching the output wavelengths of blue LED chips.
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Zhou, Zhiyong, Haiwei Zhang, Weiyang Qin, Pei Zhu, and Wenfeng Du. "Improving Energy Harvesting from Bridge Vibration Excited by Moving Vehicles with a Bi-Stable Harvester." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062237.
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To monitor the health status of the bridge, many sensors are needed to be mounted on it. Converting bridge vibration energy to electrical energy is considered as a potential solution to the problem of providing reliable electric power to these sensors. The objective of this work is to present an operable strategy for improving the electric energy output of a piezoelectric energy harvester installed on a bridge by introducing bi-stable characteristics. A bi-stable harvester is proposed. By adjusting the tip and fixed magnets, different types of potential energy can be generated, and then the harvester can exhibit the linear, mono-stable and bi-stable characteristics. In the bi-stable state, the harvester triggers snap-through motions easily and generates large outputs. The corresponding prototype was fabricated, and the experiment was carried out to validate the advantage of the bi-stable energy harvester. The experiment results show that the bi-stable energy harvester outperforms the classical linear harvester over the whole range of vehicle speed. As the vehicle speed exceeds a critical one, the snap-through motion will happen, which is beneficial to enhancing the electricity output. This conceptual design may provide guidance for promoting the performance of bridge energy harvesting.
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Takyi, G., A. S. Adunyah, and A. Agyei-Agyemang. "Performance evaluation of monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon solar photovoltaic modules under low and high irradiance conditions in Kumasi, Ghana." Nigerian Journal of Technology 40, no. 3 (October 20, 2021): 414–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v40i3.8.
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One of the biggest drawbacks of photovoltaic (PV) for many applications is the uncertainty in the energy output due to losses attributed to efficiency loss at low irradiance levels. In this study, the electrical performance of as received monocrystalline silicon (mono-c-Si) and polycrystalline silicon (poly-c-Si) PV modules were evaluated at high and low irradiance conditions in Kumasi, Ghana using I-V Tracer. The low irradiance level of 200W/m2 was achieved by covering the surface of the PV modules with a calibrated mesh screen. Maximum output power (Pmax) of 87.9 W and 136.7 W were recorded for the mono-c-Si and poly-c-Si modules at high irradiance respectively. The corresponding average values at low irradiance were 8.29 W and 12.13 W representing percentage reductions of 90.57% and 91.60% respectively for the two technologies. These results indicate that when irradiance drops to 200 W/m2 and below, the PV modules generate around only 10% of their nominal output power. This has implications for the number of modules that are required for installation in areas that experience many hours of low irradiance. Efficiency reductions of 64.4% and 59.01% for the mono-c-Si and poly-c-Si modules respectively at low irradiance is reported. The results also indicate that the mono-c-Si is affected more by light induced degradation effect than the poly-c-Si module after a few hours of exposure to the natural light. The novelty of this work is that knowledge of the performance at low irradiance will enable designers determine the number of modules required during the sizing of PV plants.
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Chen, Zhaoxi, and Zidan Chen. "The Identification of Impact Craters from GRAIL-Acquired Gravity Data by U-Net Architecture." Remote Sensing 14, no. 12 (June 10, 2022): 2783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14122783.
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The identification of impact craters on the Moon and other planetary bodies is of great significance to studying and constraining the dynamical process and evolution of the Solar System. Traditionally, this has been performed through the visual examination of images. Due to the effect of overburden, some structural features cannot be effectively identified from optical images, resulting in limitations in the scope, efficiency and accuracy of identification. In this paper, we investigate the viability of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to perform the detection of impact craters from GRAIL-acquired gravity data. The ideal values of each hyperparameter in U-net architecture are determined after dozens of iterations of model training, testing and evaluation. The final model was evaluated by the Loss function with the low value of 0.04, indicating that the predicted output of the model reached a relatively high fitting degree with the prior labelled output. The comparative results with different methods show that the proposed method has a clear detection of the target features, with an accuracy of more than 80%. In addition, the detection results of the whole image account for 83% of the number of manually delineated gravity anomalies. The proposed method can still achieve the same quality for the identification of the gravity anomalies caused by impact craters under the condition that the resolution of GRAIL gravity data are not superior. Our results demonstrate that the U-net architecture can be a very effective tool for the rapid and automatic identification of impact craters from gravity map on the Moon, as well as other Solar System bodies.
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Mastrika Giri, Gst Ayu Vida, and Agus Harjoko. "Music Recommendation System Based on Context Using Case-Based Reasoning and Self Organizing Map." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i2.pp459-464.
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Effective music recommendation can decrease listener’s effort in choosing music that will be listened. Music recommendation is not only can be obtained based on genre or audio similarity, because listener’s music choices are also influenced by the listener’s context (mood, occasion, part of day, date, weather, region, month, and weekday). This research used Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) for determining music recommendation based on listener’s context data and also Self Organizing Map (SOM) which is used as an indexing method in CBR. Inputs given by user to the system are user’s occasion and mood desired by user. The system output is a playlist consists of music that suitable with user’s context and desired mood.
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Sarabia, Jose Manuel, Jaime Fernandez-Fernandez, Casto Juan-Recio, Hector Hernández-Davó, Tomás Urbán, and Manuel Moya. "Mechanical, Hormonal and Psychological Effects of a Non-Failure Short-Term Strength Training Program in Young Tennis Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 45, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study examined the effects of a 6-week non-failure strength training program in youth tennis players. Twenty tennis players (age: 15.0 ± 1 years, body height: 170.9 ± 5.1 cm, body mass: 63.3 ± 9.1 kg) were divided into experimental and control groups. Pre and post-tests included half squats, bench press, squat jumps, countermovementjumps and side-ball throws. Salivary cortisol samples were collected, and the Profile of Mood States questionnaire was used weekly during an anatomical adaptation period, a main training period and after a tapering week. The results showed that, after the main training period, the experimental group significantly improved (p<0.05) in mean and peak power output and in the total number of repetitions during the half-squat endurance test; mean force, power and velocity in the half-squat power output test; Profile of Mood States (in total mood disturbance between the last week of the mean training period and the tapering week); and in squat-jump and countermovement-jump height. Moreover, significant differences were found between the groups at the post-tests in the total number of repetitions, mean and peak power during the half-squat endurance test, mean velocity in the half-squat power output test, salivary cortisol concentration (baselines, first and third week of the mean training period) and in the Profile of Mood States (in fatigue subscale: first and third week of the mean training period). In conclusion, a non-failure strength training protocol improved lower-limb performance levels and produced a moderate psychophysiological impact in youth elite tennis players, suggesting that it is a suitable program to improve strength. Such training protocols do not increase the total training load of tennis players and may be recommended to improve strength.
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Akerlof, Robert, Niko Matouschek, and Luis Rayo. "Stories at Work." AEA Papers and Proceedings 110 (May 1, 2020): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pandp.20201093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Organizational stories are commonplace and a crucial force shaping employee behavior. We show how an organization's choice of story can be formally incorporated into its design problem. In our simple model, the organization optimally becomes either “purpose driven,” which involves pairing flat money incentives with a story that emphasizes the importance of generating output (e.g., saving lives, putting a person on the moon), or “incentive driven,” which involves pairing steep money incentives with a narrower story that emphasizes the importance of maintaining ethical standards (e.g., maintaining quality, helping peers). We illustrate the applicability of these results using a variety of examples.
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FUJIHARA, Kento, Yusaku EMOTO, Hiroshi ITO, Naomi KANEKO, Hideyuki KANEKO, Hideyuki KAWAI, Atsushi KOBAYASHI, and Takahiro MIZUNO. "Evaluation of Position Resolution for a Prototype Whole-Body PET Detector Based on Suppressing Backgrounds by Compton Scattering." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 09004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817009004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Existing PET (Positron Emission Tomography) systems make clear images in demonstration (measuring small PET reagent in pure water), however images in real diagnosis become unclear. The authors suspected that this problem was caused by Compton scattering in a detector. When PET systems observe plural photomultiplier tube outputs, an original emission point is regarded as centroid of the outputs. However, even if plural emission in Compton scattering occur, these systems calculate original point in the same way as single emission. Therefore, the authors considered that rejecting Compton scattering events makes PET systems much better, and made prototype counter. Main components of the prototype counter are plate-like high-growth-rate (HGR) La-GPS scintillators and wavelength shifting fibers (WLSF). HGR crystals grow 10 times as fast as a mono-crystal (a normal mono-crystal grows at 2 – 3 mm an hour). Thus, it includes microbubble and its transparency get worth. Consequently, HGR crystals usually are not used in radiation measuring instruments. However, this time they are used on the purpose. Because of their low transparency, scintillation lights come out right above and right under of emission position. Therefore, Compton scattering events is rejected easily. The prototype detector has an effective area of 300 by 300 square mm. The detector consists of 24 layers. One layer consists of HGR La-GPS scintillator of 1 mm thickness. Top and bottom surface of scintillator were covered by dual sheets of WLSF with a diameter of 0.2 mm. Sheets of WLSF on top and bottom of the scintillator make a right angle with each other, and measure X- and Y-components. Z-component is measured by difference of WLSF outputs between top and bottom. If plural layers output signals, this counter regards the event as Compton scattering event, and reject the event. Even if only a layer output signals, the event is rejected when number output signals from WLSF is more than 1.5 times of single emission. Material cost of this system is, 0.2M$ for HGR La-GPS, 0.03M$ for WLSF, 0.03M$ for 600 units of 6 by 6 mm SiPM's, 0.12M$ for 12000 units of 1 by 1 mm SiPM's, and 0.09M$ for 1800 channel of signal readout circuits. Considering total cost, price of this PET will be set 1M$ or less. This idea was confirmed with numerical simulation and experimentation. In experimentation, position resolution in photoelectric absorption was 0.2 mm, and minimum distance that this detector could recognize plural emission in Compton scattering was 1 mm. In parallel, three kinds of model were made: a prototype detector, all the signals readout method, and resistance delay method. Simulation setting was 2 MBq/L in normal tissue and 10 MBq/L in cancer. As a result of simulation, a prototype detector identified 3 mm cancer, however the others made unclear image and was not able to identified cancer. That is to say, the prototype detector is able to reject Compton scattering events and inexpensive. Therefore, whole-body PET system with this detector must diagnose cancer with a diameter of 3 mm or more and be priced 1M$ or less
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Berger, Bonnie G., Robert W. Motl, Brian D. Butki, David T. Martin, John G. Wilkinson, and David R. Owen. "Mood and Cycling Performance in Response to Three Weeks of High-Intensity, Short-Duration Overtraining, and a Two-Week Taper." Sport Psychologist 13, no. 4 (December 1999): 444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/tsp.13.4.444.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined changes in mood and performance in response to high-intensity, short-duration overtraining and a subsequent taper. Pursuit cyclists (N = 8) at the United States Olympic Training Center completed the POMS and simulated 4-km pursuit performance tests throughout a six-week period. The six-week period included a baseline week, three weeks of overtraining that consisted primarily of high-intensity interval training, and a two-week taper. Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) scores displayed a quadratic polynomial effect across the three weeks of overtraining (p < .01), with the highest TMD scores occurring in the second week. Average TMD scores were lower during the taper than at baseline (p < .02) and lower at taper than overtraining (p < .0005). Cycling performance (pursuit time and average power output) improved during the three weeks of overtraining; additional improvements were observed during the taper. There were no significant correlations between TMD and performance. However, pursuit time, average power output, and mood disturbance scores were at optimal levels throughout the taper period. These findings suggest that high-intensity, short-duration overtraining may not result in an overtraining syndrome in 4-km pursuit cyclists.