Статті в журналах з теми "Months of Birth"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Months of Birth.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Months of Birth".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Nisha, Monjura Khatun, Ashraful Alam, Mohammad Tajul Islam, Tanvir Huda, and Camille Raynes-Greenow. "Risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with short and long birth intervals in Bangladesh: evidence from six Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys, 1996–2014." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e024392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectiveTo examine the effect of short (<36 months) and long (≥60 months) birth intervals on adverse pregnancy outcomes in Bangladesh.Design, setting and participantsWe analysed data from six Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (1996–1997, 1999–2000, 2004, 2007, 2011 and 2014). We included all singleton non-first live births, most recently born to mothers within 5 years preceding each survey (n=21 382). We defined birth interval according to previous research which suggests that a birth interval between 36 and 59 months is the most ideal interval. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were conducted to obtain the crude and adjusted ORs (aOR) respectively to assess the odds of first-day neonatal death, early neonatal death and small birth size for both short (<36 months) and long (≥60 months) spacing between births.Main outcome measuresFirst-day neonatal death, early neonatal death and small birth size.ResultsIn the multivariable analysis, compared with births spaced 36–59 months, infants with a birth interval of <36 months had increased odds of first-day neonatal death (aOR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.17 to 3.78) and early neonatal death (aOR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.22). Compared with births spaced 36–59 months, infants with a birth interval of ≥60 months had increased odds of first-day neonatal death (aOR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.10 to 3.73) and small birth size (aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.34). When there was a history of any previous pregnancy loss, there was an increase in the odds of first-day and early neonatal death for both short and long birth intervals, although it was not significant.ConclusionsBirth intervals shorter than 36 months and longer than 59 months are associated with increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Care-providers, programme managers and policymakers could focus on promoting an optimal birth interval between 36 and 59 months in postpartum family planning.
2
Lemay, Keith, Cheryl Parker, and Todd Blumberg. "Hip Dysplasia – Birth to 6 Months." Physician Assistant Clinics 5, no. 4 (October 2020): 487–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpha.2020.06.009.
Повний текст джерела
3
Khazan, S. Yu. "Urgent abdominal pregnancy after traumatic rupture of the uterus at 4 months. Laporotomy. Recovery." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 11, no. 9 (December 22, 2020): 1091–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd1191091-1092.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This is almost the only observation of its kind concerning a 42-year-old XII who gave birth, in whom the first 8 births, as well as the birth periods, were completely normal, the last three ended in manual separation of the placenta and severe postpartum diseases.
4
Kamal, SM Mostafa, and Md Moniruzzaman. "Birth Interval and its Association with adverse Childhood Nutritional outcomes among under-Five Children in Bangladesh: A Longitudinal Study." Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society 41, no. 3 (December 31, 2021): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnps.v41i3.33562.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Short birth spacing is reported to have health consequences for both mother and child. This study aims is to examine the effect of short birth interval on nutritional outcomes of under-five children in Bangladesh. Methods:We used data from the latest five rounds of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys conducted from 2004 to 2017-18. The short birth interval is defined as birth spacing of <24 months and 24-35 months between two subsequent births. The outcomes of interest are stunting and underweight. Both bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed. Results of the multivariate analysis are shown by odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Data were analyzed by Stata 15/IC. Results: A total of 16,100 under-five children of second and higher-order births were included for analysis. Of the children, 12% were born at a space of <24 months, and 19% were born with a space of 24-35 months. The proportion of children with short birth interval was found decreasing. Results of the logistic regression analysis show thatcompared to the birth interval of 36-59 months children born to women with birth interval <24 months were significantly (P<0.001) at higher risk of being stunted (OR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.57) and underweight (OR = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.27, 1.58). A similar result was obtained for the birth interval of 24-35 months. Conclusion: Short birth interval remains a problem of childhood nutrition in Bangladesh. Research to explore causal pathways and programs to lengthen space between inter-pregnancy should be intensified. Keywords: Birth interval, childhood nutrition, stunting, underweight, logistic regression
5
Arshad, Andleeb, Misbah Kausar Javaid, and Abida Rehman. "Comparison of Perinatal Outcome (Low Birth Weight, Preterm Delivery) in Women with <6 Month Versus 12-17 Months of IBI." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 10 (October 30, 2021): 2742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2115102742.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: To compare the perinatal outcome (low birth weight, preterm delivery) in women with <6 month versus 12-17 months of interpregnancy birth interval. Material and methods: This Cohort study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lahore General Hospital Lahore from March 2020 to September 2020. Total 420 patients with age range 18-40 years, singleton pregnancy, women with previous live birth, parity 1-4 and Gestational age > 28 weeks assessed on LMP were selected for this study. Patients were divided into two groups (A & B) according to their inter-pregnancy interval i.e. <6 months group labelled as A group and 12-17 months group labelled as B group. All patients in both groups will be followed till delivery and the perinatal outcome i.e. preterm delivery (birth occurred before completion of 37 weeks of gestation) and low birth weight (those babies whose weight less than 2.5 Kg at the time of birth) were noted. Results: The mean age of women in group A was 26.73 ± 6.56 years and in group B was 26.73 ± 6.56 years. The perinatal outcome was preterm delivery in 189 (90.0%) and low birth weight babies in 143 (68.10%) women of <6 months while in 12-17 months interpregnancy interval, it was noted in 111 (52.86%) and 102 (48.57%) women respectively Conclusion: Our study concluded that appropriate inter pregnancy interval could reduce the rate of preterm delivery and low birth weight babies and optimal interval associated with the lowest risk of adverse perinatal outcome was 12-17 months. Keywords: Birth spacing, short interval, preterm delivery, low birth weight.
6
Gonzalez-Nahm, Sarah, Cathrine Hoyo, Truls Østbye, Brian Neelon, Carter Allen, and Sara E. Benjamin-Neelon. "Associations of maternal diet with infant adiposity at birth, 6 months and 12 months." BMJ Open 9, no. 9 (September 2019): e030186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030186.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesTo assess associations between maternal prenatal diet quality and infant adiposity.DesignThe design was a prospective birth cohort.SettingWe used data from the Nurture study, a cohort of women and their infants residing in the southeastern USA.Participants and exposure assessmentBetween 2013 and 2015, we enrolled 860 women between 20 and 36 weeks’ gestation. After reconsenting at delivery and excluding women with implausible calorie intakes, we measured dietary intake using the Block food frequency questionnaire, and assessed diet quality using a modified Alternate Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010), which assessed intake of 10 food categories, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts/legumes, fats, meats, beverages and sodium (excluding alcohol).OutcomesWe assessed birth weight for gestational age z-score, small and large for gestational age, low birth weight and macrosomia. Outcomes at 6 and 12 months were weight-for-length z-score, sum of subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness (SS+TR) and subscapular-to-triceps skinfold ratio (SS:TR).ResultsAmong mothers, 70.2% were black and 20.9% were white; less than half (45.2%) reported having a high school diploma or less. Among infants, 8.7% were low birth weight and 8.6% were small for gestational age. Unadjusted estimates showed that a higher AHEI-2010 score, was associated with a higher birth weight for gestational z-score (β=0.01; 95% CI 0.002 to 0.02; p=0.02) and a greater likelihood of macrosomia (OR=1.04; 95% CI 1.004 to 1.09; p=0.03). After adjustment, maternal diet quality was not associated with infant adiposity at birth, 6 or 12 months.ConclusionsAlthough poor maternal diet quality during pregnancy was not associated with infant adiposity in our study, maternal diet during pregnancy may still be an important and modifiable factor of public health importance.
7
Ohtani, Toshiyuki, Tsukasa Sasaki, Izumi Kadomoto, Nobumasa Kato, and Chieko Yoshinaga. "Birth months and vulnerability to juvenile delinquency." Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 32, no. 1 (January 2008): 49–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.07.003.
Повний текст джерела
8
Frauenfelder, Odile, Ingrid M. van Beynum, Irwin K. M. Reiss, and Sinno H. P. Simons. "Ibuprofen for Ductus Arteriosus Months after Birth." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2016 (2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2659389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ibuprofen is a well-known agent used to treat patent ductus arteriosus in preterm neonates in the first days of life. In the current case report we illustrate the potential use of ibuprofen in two preterm neonates 60 and 88 days after birth, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the effects of ibuprofen on patent ductus arteriosus in preterm newborns after months of life. These cases suggest that the ductus arteriosus does not become refractory for ibuprofen after the first days of life. Late closure of the duct with ibuprofen might still improve the cardiorespiratory condition and prevent infants from surgical closure. Controlled trials are necessary to further study these findings.
9
Nausheen, Sidrah, Maria Bhura, Kristy Hackett, Imtiaz Hussain, Zainab Shaikh, Arjumand Rizvi, Uzair Ansari, David Canning, Iqbal Shah, and Sajid Soofi. "Determinants of short birth intervals among married women: a cross-sectional study in Karachi, Pakistan." BMJ Open 11, no. 4 (April 2021): e043786. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043786.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionBirth spacing is a critical pathway to improving reproductive health. WHO recommends a minimum of 33-month interval between two consecutive births to reduce maternal, perinatal, infant morbidity and mortality. Our study evaluated factors associated with short birth intervals (SBIs) of less than 33 months between two consecutive births, in Karachi, Pakistan.MethodsWe used data from a cross-sectional study among married women of reproductive age (MWRA) who had at least one live birth in the 6 years preceding the survey (N=2394). Information regarding their sociodemographic characteristics, reproductive history, fertility preferences, family planning history and a 6-year reproductive calendar were collected. To identify factors associated with SBIs, we fitted simple and multiple Cox proportional hazards models and computed HRs with their 95% CIs.ResultsThe median birth interval was 25 months (IQR: 14–39 months), with 22.9% (833) of births occurring within 33 months of the index birth. Women’s increasing age (25–30 years (aHR 0.63 (0.53 to 0.75), 30+ years (aHR 0.29, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.39) compared with 20-24 years; secondary education (aHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.88), intermediate education (aHR 0.62, 95% CI 0.48 to 0.80), higher education (aHR 0.69, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.92) compared with no education, and a male child of the index birth (aHR 0.81, 95% CI 0.70 to 0.94) reduced the likelihood of SBIs. Women’s younger age <20 years (aHR 1.24, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.24) compared with 20–24 years, and those who did not use contraception within 9 months of the index birth had a higher likelihood for SBIs for succeeding birth compared with those who used contraception (aHR 2.23, 95% CI 1.93 to 2.58).ConclusionStudy shows that birth intervals in the study population are lower than the national average. To optimise birth intervals, programmes should target child spacing strategies and counsel MWRA on the benefits of optimal birth spacing, family planning services and contraceptive utilisation.
10
Aleni, M., S. N. Mbalinda, and R. Muhindo. "Birth Intervals and Associated Factors among Women Attending Young Child Clinic in Yumbe Hospital, Uganda." International Journal of Reproductive Medicine 2020 (January 4, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1326596.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. Evidence suggests that both short and long birth intervals are associated with poor maternal and child health outcomes. However, current studies suggest that a number of births still occur at short intervals. The aim of this study was to document birth intervals and associated factors among women of reproductive age in rural Uganda. Materials and Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 296 women aged 15-49 years attending young child clinic at Yumbe Hospital who had at least two successive live births. Data was collected using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Birth interval was categorized according to the WHO-recommended birth interval of ≥24 months and <24 months. Results. Of the 296 participants, 86.6% desired a birth interval≥24 months with a desired median birth interval of 36 months. The actual median birth interval was 22 months. Slightly more than half of the women (52.4%) had short birth intervals. Factors which were likely to be associated with short birth intervals included being younger (15-24 years) (AOR=4.39, 95%CI=1.49‐12.93, P=0.007), not planning to have another pregnancy (AOR=0.33, 95%CI=0.18‐0.58, P=0.001), not deciding together with husband when to have the next child (AOR=3.10, 95%CI=1.53‐6.28, P=0.002), not always using contraceptives before the next pregnancy (AOR=0.28, 95%CI=0.12‐0.64, P=0.003), and lack of influence of husband on when to have the next child (AOR=2.59, 95%CI=1.44–4.64, P=0.001). Conclusion. Prevalence of short birth intervals is still high in rural Uganda (52.4%), although majority (86.6%) of the women desire optimal birth intervals. Factors which were likely to be associated with short birth intervals included young maternal age, not using contraceptives, and lack of male involvement in child spacing activities. Therefore, to optimize birth intervals, focused child spacing strategies targeting young women and men are needed.
11
Miller, Jane E. "Birth order, interpregnancy interval and birth outcomes among Filipino infants." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 2 (April 1994): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021271.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThis study examines the effects of birth order and interpregnancy interval on birthweight, gestational age, weight-for-gestational age, infant length, and weight-for-length in a sample of 2063 births from a longitudinal study in the Philippines. First births are the most disadvantaged of any birth order/spacing group. The risks associated with short intervals (<6 months) and high birth order (fifth or higher) are confined to infants who have both attributes; there is no excess risk associated with short previous intervals among lower-order infants, nor for high birth order infants conceived after longer intervals. This pattern is observed for all five birth outcomes and neonatal mortality, and persists in models that control for mother's age, education, smoking, family health history and nutritional status. Since fewer than 2% of births are both short interval and high birth order, the potential reduction in the incidence of low birthweight or neonatal mortality from avoiding this category of high-risk births is quite small (1–2%).
12
Elumalai, Balaji Thanjavur, and Vaishnavi Govindarajan. "The impact of interpregnancy interval on occurance of preterm births in the present pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 10, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20211531.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: The pregnancy outcomes are influenced by the inter pregnancy intervals. Both short and long inter pregnancy intervals are known to adversely affect the mother and the baby. The main aim of birth spacing was to achieve ideal inter pregnancy intervals and thus to decrease maternal, neonatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: It is a prospective observational study. In this study, about 500 gravida 2 women who has delivered vaginally in the index pregnancy, with gestational age more than 28 weeks of gestation and with known interpregnancy interval were included in the study. They followed up to to delivery and occurance of preterm births in relation to maternal characteristics and interpregnancy interval were analysed.Results: Our study showed that Inter pregnancy intervals of 18-24 months were found to have the least number of preterm births when compared to intervals <18 months and >24 months. This association was found to be statistically significant (p value, Pearson chi square 0.0008). This relationship between inter pregnancy intervals and preterm births persisted when stratified according to maternal age, education, residence and BMI.A previous preterm birth was associated with increased risk of recurrent preterm birth (p value -0.034) and was statistically significant. The history of PROM in present pregnancy associated with preterm birth (p value -0.001) and association was statistically significant.Conclusions: From this study it was found that the 18-24 months birth to pregnancy interval is associated with the least incidence of preterm births.
13
FOTSO, JEAN CHRISTOPHE, JOHN CLELAND, BLESSING MBERU, MICHAEL MUTUA, and PATRICIA ELUNGATA. "BIRTH SPACING AND CHILD MORTALITY: AN ANALYSIS OF PROSPECTIVE DATA FROM THE NAIROBI URBAN HEALTH AND DEMOGRAPHIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM." Journal of Biosocial Science 45, no. 6 (September 10, 2012): 779–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932012000570.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThe majority of studies of the birth spacing–child survival relationship rely on retrospective data, which are vulnerable to errors that might bias results. The relationship is re-assessed using prospective data on 13,502 children born in two Nairobi slums between 2003 and 2009. Nearly 48% were first births. Among the remainder, short preceding intervals are common: 20% of second and higher order births were delivered within 24 months of an elder sibling, including 9% with a very short preceding interval of less than 18 months. After adjustment for potential confounders, the length of the preceding birth interval is a major determinant of infant and early childhood mortality. In infancy, a preceding birth interval of less than 18 months is associated with a two-fold increase in mortality risks (compared with lengthened intervals of 36 months or longer), while an interval of 18–23 months is associated with an increase of 18%. During the early childhood period, children born within 18 months of an elder sibling are more than twice as likely to die as those born after an interval of 36 months or more. Only 592 children experienced the birth of a younger sibling within 20 months; their second-year mortality was about twice as high as that of other children. These results support the findings based on retrospective data.
14
Berg, Venla, and Anna Rotkirch. "Faster Transition to the Second Child in late 20th Century Finland: A Study of Birth Intervals." Finnish Yearbook of Population Research 49 (December 31, 2014): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.23979/fypr.48424.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Birth intervals are known to influence child and parental health and wellbeing, yet studies on the recent development of birth intervals in contemporary developed societies are scarce. We used individual-level representative register data from Finland (N=26,120; 54% women) to study the first interbirth interval of singleton births in cohorts born in 1955, 1960, 1965, 1970, and 1975. In women, the average interbirth interval has shortened by 7.8 months and in men by 6.2 months between the cohorts of 1955 and 1975. A higher age at first birth was associated with shorter birth intervals (in women, b = -1.68, p<.001; in men, b = -1.77, p<.001 months per year). Educational level moderated the effect of age at first on the first birth interval in both sexes. Due to rising ages at first birth in developed societies and the manifold ramifications of shorter birth intervals, this topic deserves more scholarly attention and studies from other countries.
15
Halli, S. S. "The seasonality of births in Canada." Journal of Biosocial Science 21, no. 3 (July 1989): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000018010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryEarlier studies on the seasonality of births indicate that a major peak occurs in August and September and a minor peak in January and February. This study uses the 1984 Canadian Fertility Survey data on reproductive history to examine birth and pregnancy seasonalities, and shows that the ‘worst’ months for births are January and February and the ‘best’ months are March, April and May. There is no systematic pattern in the seasonality of pregnancies, possibly because effective birth control allows couples to plan the timing of births.
16
Tessema, Gizachew A., M. Luke Marinovich, Siri E. Håberg, Mika Gissler, Jonathan A. Mayo, Natasha Nassar, Stephen Ball, et al. "Interpregnancy intervals and adverse birth outcomes in high-income countries: An international cohort study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): e0255000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255000.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Most evidence for interpregnancy interval (IPI) and adverse birth outcomes come from studies that are prone to incomplete control for confounders that vary between women. Comparing pregnancies to the same women can address this issue. Methods We conducted an international longitudinal cohort study of 5,521,211 births to 3,849,193 women from Australia (1980–2016), Finland (1987–2017), Norway (1980–2016) and the United States (California) (1991–2012). IPI was calculated based on the time difference between two dates—the date of birth of the first pregnancy and the date of conception of the next (index) pregnancy. We estimated associations between IPI and preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, and small-for-gestational age births (SGA) using logistic regression (between-women analyses). We also used conditional logistic regression comparing IPIs and birth outcomes in the same women (within-women analyses). Random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled adjusted odds ratios (aOR). Results Compared to an IPI of 18–23 months, there was insufficient evidence for an association between IPI <6 months and overall PTB (aOR 1.08, 95% CI 0.99–1.18) and SGA (aOR 0.99, 95% CI 0.81–1.19), but increased odds of spontaneous PTB (aOR 1.38, 95% CI 1.21–1.57) in the within-women analysis. We observed elevated odds of all birth outcomes associated with IPI ≥60 months. In comparison, between-women analyses showed elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes for <12 month and >24 month IPIs. Conclusions We found consistently elevated odds of adverse birth outcomes following long IPIs. IPI shorter than 6 months were associated with elevated risk of spontaneous PTB, but there was insufficient evidence for increased risk of other adverse birth outcomes. Current recommendations of waiting at least 24 months to conceive after a previous pregnancy, may be unnecessarily long in high-income countries.
17
., Zeenat, and Quratulain Shahzad. "Impact of Short Pregnancy Interval on Feto-Maternal Outcome in Women with Previous caesarean section." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 7 (July 30, 2022): 178–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22167178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Short inter-pregnancy interval has been associated with an increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes after caesarean section. Method: A descriptive study, carried out in tertiary care hospital on total 63 numbers of women for a duration of six months with short inter-pregnancy interval and history of previous caesarean section. Results: Among women with history of previous LSCS (n=63), mean age 26.5±4.6 years, gestational age 37.8±2.2 weeks, recommended IPI (>18 months) was observed only in 15.9% women. Most common indications for current C-section were irregular pain (20.6%), term women (12.7%), and fetal distress (11.1%). Occurrence rate of uterine scar dehiscence was 33.3%, preterm birth 19.0%, low birth weight 15.9%, and uterine rupture 3.2%. Frequency of uterine scar dehiscence was significantly higher in IPI ≤6 months than in >6 months (66.7% vs. 33.3%; p 0.040); and in IPI ≤12 months than in >12 months (81% vs. 19%; p 0.036). All two cases of uterine rupture were observed in IPI ≤6 months but the difference was not statistically significant. Frequency of preterm birth was insignificantly higher in IPI ≤18 months than in >18 months (66.7% vs. 33.3%; p 0.086). Conclusion: We found elevated risk of uterine scar dehiscence, uterine rupture, low birth weight babies along with preterm births. Keywords: IPI (Inter-pregnancy interval), LSCS (Lower Segment Cesarean Section), Scar dehiscence, Low Birth Weight.
18
Lee, Hae Kyung. "Maternal Role Attainment at Eight Months following Birth." Journal of Nurses Academic Society 25, no. 2 (1995): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1995.25.2.244.
Повний текст джерела
19
MERCER, RAMONA T., and SANDRA L. FERKETICH. "Predictors of Family Functioning Eight Months Following Birth." Nursing Research 39, no. 2 (March 1990): 76???83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006199-199003000-00003.
Повний текст джерела
20
Robertson, N. J., I. J. Cox, F. M. Cowan, S. J. Counsell, D. Azzopardi, and A. D. Edwards. "Cerebral lactic alkalosis persisting months after birth asphyxia." Pediatric Research 45, no. 6 (June 1999): 909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1203/00006450-199906000-00151.
Повний текст джерела
21
Pazderska, Agnieszka, Marta Fichna, Anna L. Mitchell, Catherine M. Napier, Earn Gan, Marek Ruchała, Mauro Santibanez-Koref, and Simon H. Pearce. "Impact of Month of Birth on the Risk of Development of Autoimmune Addison’s Disease." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 101, no. 11 (August 30, 2016): 4214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2016-2392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: The pathogenesis of autoimmune Addison’s disease (AAD) is thought to be due to interplay of genetic, immune, and environmental factors. A month-of-birth effect, with increased risk for those born in autumn/winter months, has been described in autoimmune conditions such as type 1 diabetes and autoimmune thyroid disease. Objective: Month-of-birth effect was investigated in 2 independent cohorts of AAD subjects. Design, Setting, and Patients: The monthly distribution of birth in AAD patients was compared with that of the general population using the cosinor test. A total of 415 AAD subjects from the United Kingdom cohort were compared with 8 180 180 United Kingdom births, and 231 AAD subjects from the Polish cohort were compared with 2 421 384 Polish births. Main Outcome Measures: Association between month of birth and the susceptibility to AAD. Results: In the entire cohort of AAD subjects, month-of-birth distribution analysis showed significant periodicity with peak of births in December and trough in May (P = .028). Analysis of the odds ratio distribution based on month of birth in 2 cohorts of patients with AAD versus the general population revealed a December peak and May trough, and January peak and July trough, in the United Kingdom and Polish cohorts, respectively. Conclusion: For the first time, we demonstrate that month of birth exerts an effect on the risk of developing AAD, with excess risk in individuals born in winter months and a protective effect when born in the summer. Exposure to seasonal viral infections in the perinatal period, coupled with vitamin D deficiency, could lead to dysregulation of innate immunity affecting the risk of developing AAD.
22
Ningrum, Ratih Ardiati, Indah Fahmiyah, Aretha Levi, and Muhammad Axel Syahputra. "Short birth intervals classification for Indonesia’s women." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 1535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3432.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Birth interval is closely related to maternal and infant health. According to world health organization (WHO), the birth interval between two births is at least 33 months. This study is the first to discuss the short birth interval (SBI) in Indonesia and used data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Surveys 2017 with a total of 34,200 respondents. Birth interval means the length of time between the birth of the first child and the second child. Categorized as SBI if the distance between births is less than 33 months. The variables used include mother's age, mother's age at first giving birth, father's age, household wealth, succeeding birth interval, breastfeeding status, child sex, residence, mother's education, health insurance, mother's working status, contraception used, child alive, total children, number of living children, and household members. Machine learning algorithms including logistic regression, Naïve Bayes, lazy locally weighted learning (LWL), and sequential minimal optimization (SMO) are applied to classify SBI. Based on the values of accuracy, precision, recall, F-score, matthews correlation coefficient (MCC), receiver operator characteristic (ROC) area, precision-recall curve (PRC) area, the Naïve Bayes is the best algorithm with scores obtained 0.891, 0.889, 0.891, 0.885, 0.687, 0.972, and 0.960 respectively. Additionally, 18.25% of mothers were classified as still giving birth within a short interval.
23
Saaka, Mahama, and Benjamin Aggrey. "Effect of Birth Interval on Foetal and Postnatal Child Growth." Scientifica 2021 (August 20, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6624184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Although available evidence suggests short birth intervals are associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, little is known about the extent to which birth spacing affects postnatal child growth. The present study assessed the independent association of birth interval with birth weight and subsequent postnatal growth indices. Methods. This retrospective cohort study carried out in the rural areas of Kassena-Nankana district of Ghana compared postnatal growth across different categories of birth intervals. Birth intervals were calculated as month difference between consecutive births of a woman. The study population comprised 530 postpartum women who had delivered a live baby in the past 24 months prior to the study. Results. Using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) that adjusted for age of the child, gender of the child, weight-for-length z-score (WLZ), birth weight, adequacy of antenatal care (ANC) attendance, and dietary diversity of the child, the mean length-for-age z-score (LAZ) among children of short preceding birth interval (<24 months) was significantly higher than among children of long birth interval (that is, at least 24 months) ((0.51 versus −0.04) (95% CI: 0.24–0.87), p = 0.001). The adjusted mean birth weight of children born to mothers of longer birth interval was 74.0 g more than children born to mothers of shorter birth interval (CI: 5.89–142.0, p < 0.03). Conclusions. The results suggest that a short birth interval is associated positively with an increased risk of low birth weight (an indicator of foetal growth), but birth spacing is associated negatively with the LAZ (an indicator of postnatal growth).
24
Masukume, Gwinyai, Margaret Ryan, Rumbidzai Masukume, Dorota Zammit, Victor Grech, and Witness Mapanga. "COVID-19 onset reduced the sex ratio at birth in South Africa." PeerJ 10 (August 29, 2022): e13985. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13985.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background The sex ratio at birth (defined as male/(male+female) live births) is anticipated to approximate 0.510 with a slight male excess. This ratio has been observed to decrease transiently around 3–5 months following sudden unexpected stressful events. We hypothesised that stress engendered by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic may have caused such a decrease in South Africa 3–5 months after March 2020 since in this month, South Africa reported its first COVID-19 case, death and nationwide lockdown restrictions were instituted. Methods We used publicly available, recorded monthly live birth data from Statistics South Africa. The most recent month for which data was available publicly was December 2020. We analysed live births for a 100-month period from September 2012 to December 2020, taking seasonality into account. Chi-squared tests were applied. Results Over this 100-month period, there were 8,151,364 live births. The lowest recorded monthly sex ratio at birth of 0.499 was in June 2020, 3 months after March 2020. This June was the only month during this period where the sex ratio inverted i.e., fewer male live births occurred. The predicted June 2020 ratio was 0.504. The observed June 2020 decrease was statistically significant p = 0.045. Conclusions The sex ratio at birth decreased and inverted in South Africa in June 2020, for the first time, during the most recent 100-month period. This decline occurred 3 months after the March 2020 onset of COVID-19 in South Africa. As June 2020 is within the critical window when population stressors are known to impact the sex ratio at birth, these findings suggest that the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic engendered population stress with notable effects on pregnancy and public health in South Africa. These findings have implications for future pandemic preparedness and social policy.
25
Huang, Ching-chun, and Yue Leon Guo. "P.2.39 Periconceptional exposure to ambient air pollution and congenital hypospadias." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A97.2—A97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundEvidence regarding whether prenatal exposure to air pollution increases the risk of hypospadias is limited.ObjectivesThe aim of the study is to evaluate the association between exposure to ambient air pollution during early pregnancy and occurrence of hypospadias.MethodsWe conducted a 1:10 case-control study using the Taiwanese Birth Registry database. Those male births reported to have hypospadias were defined as cases; while controls were randomly, matched by birth year, selected from those male births without any congenital anomaly. Monthly average of ambient air pollutants, including PM10, PM2.5, NO2, NOx, and O3, from three months pre- to six months post-conception were retrieved from the 76 air quality monitoring stations and interpolated to the level of township using empirical bayesian kriging. Potential covariates to be adjusted included gestational age, birth weight, birth season, maternal age, maternal diabetes and hypertension, maternal smoking, annual household income and population density of the residential township.ResultsDuring 2007–2014, a total of 265 hypospadias was reported, and 230 (87%) of them were full-term births. Results of multivariate logistic regression models revealed that for per IQR increase of O3 (8.0 p.p.b) exposure during the first months after conception increased the risk of hypospadias (aOR=1.38, 95% CI=1.07–1.78). In subgroup analysis of full-term births, we further found that PM2.5 exposure during the first three months post-conception significantly increased the risk of developing hypospadias (aOR=1.29, 95% CI=1.01–1.65, per IQR=15.4 ug/m3).ConclusionsThe results of the study suggested that early gestational exposure to ambient air pollution increased the risk of hypospadias occurrence.
26
Kingma, Elselijn. "Nine Months." Journal of Medicine and Philosophy: A Forum for Bioethics and Philosophy of Medicine 45, no. 3 (May 21, 2020): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmp/jhaa005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract When did we begin to exist? Barry Smith and Berit Brogaard argue that a new human organism comes into existence neither earlier nor later than the moment of gastrulation: 16 days after conception. Several critics have responded that the onset of the organism must happen earlier; closer to conception. This article makes a radically different claim: if we accept Smith and Brogaard’s ontological commitments, then human organisms start, on average, roughly nine months after conception. The main point of contention is whether the fetus is or is not part of the maternal organism. Smith and Brogaard argue that it is not; I demonstrate that it is. This claim in combination with Smith and Brogaard’s own criteria commits to the view that human organisms begin, precisely, at birth.
27
Alam, Nurul. "Birth spacing and infant and early childhood mortality in a high fertility area of Bangladesh: age-dependent and interactive effects." Journal of Biosocial Science 27, no. 4 (October 1995): 393–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000023002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryTo examine the effects of birth spacing on early childhood mortality, 3729 singleton births in 1983–84 were followed for 3 years in rural Bangladesh. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess whether the survival of older siblings modifies the effect of preceding birth intervals and to see if the effects of preceding and succeeding birth intervals are inter-related, controlling for the effects of sex of the child, mother's age and household economic status. With the exception of the neonatal period, birth spacing effects were highly significant. A preceding birth interval of <15 months was associated with a greater mortality risk in the post-neonatal period for children with an older sibling who survived infancy. However, a short preceding birth interval did not adversely affect post-neonatal mortality if the older sibling died in infancy. Neonatal and post-neonatal deaths were higher if older siblings had died in respective age intervals. A pregnancy interval of <12 months after childbirth raised the risk of death at ages 1–2 years considerably if the child was born after a short birth interval (<15 months). The results suggest that the high mortality risks of closely spaced children are due to sibling competition for parental resources.
28
Desbiez, Arnaud Leonard Jean, Gabriel Favero Massocato, and Danilo Kluyber. "Insights into giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus Kerr, 1792) reproduction." Mammalia 84, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2019-0018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis paper presents unique data on the reproductive behavior of the rare giant armadillo (Priodontes maximus), including gestation, inter-birth intervals, number of offspring and parental care. It also describes a potential non-parental infanticide. The study used telemetry, camera traps and track observations for over 7 years in a 300-km2 area in the central Brazilian Pantanal. Females with young were recorded 5 times. Reproductive events did not appear to be seasonal. A 5-month gestation period was estimated. Parental care is long, as the offspring is completely dependent on its mother’s milk until 6–8 months of age. Weaning was estimated to occur at 11–12 months, but the offspring continued to be dependent on its mother’s burrows until 18 months old. Three births were recorded over a 6-year period for one individual. The offspring from the first birth recorded was killed at 4 weeks of age in a potential infanticide, but 7 months after the first birth, a second offspring was born. A third birth was recorded 3 years after the second birth. Results from this study suggest that the population growth rate of giant armadillos is very low and the species can therefore easily be locally extirpated.
29
Harvey, Lesley. "Pregnancy, Birth and the Early Months: A Complete Guide." Journal of Human Lactation 9, no. 4 (December 1993): 267–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089033449300900433.
Повний текст джерела
30
Stage, Virginia C., and Frances Coletta. "The Pregnancy/Birth-24 Months Project: Background and Importance." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 50, no. 6 (June 2018): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2018.04.001.
Повний текст джерела
31
Kanai, Mika, Shinji Makino, Kozue Hozawa, Reiko Kondo, Tomoko Kumagai, Hanae Ito, and Haruko Suto. "Accommodative Esotropia With Onset Within Six Months After Birth." JAPANESE ORTHOPTIC JOURNAL 42 (2013): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4263/jorthoptic.042f004.
Повний текст джерела
32
Levy, Steven M., John J. Warren, Charles S. Davis, H. Lester Kirchner, Michael J. Kanellis, and James S. Wefel. "Patterns of Fluoride Intake from Birth to 36 Months." Journal of Public Health Dentistry 61, no. 2 (June 2001): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2001.tb03369.x.
Повний текст джерела
33
Nesayan, Abbas. "Sensory Profile in Infant/Toddler: Birth to 36 Months." Iranian Rehabilitation Journal 20, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 449–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/irj.20.3.1667.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: Sensory processing patterns refer to a person’s ability to receive and respond to sensory events which are important to succeed in daily routine activities. This study aims to determine the sensory processing patterns in infants/toddlers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 518 infants/toddlers participated in this study. Their ages ranged from birth to 36 months. Parents completed the infant/toddler sensory profile for all participants. Results: No significant difference was observed between girls and boys in sensory processing from birth to 6 months; however, there is a significant difference between girls and boys in low registration, sensory sensitivity, and sensory avoidance from 7-36 months. In addition, no significant difference was detected between children born by cesarean and those born through natural childbirth in terms of sensory processing (quadrants and scores) from birth to 6 months and 7-36 months. There is a significant difference between preterm and full-term children (birth to 6 months) in auditory processing. The findings also indicate only a significant difference in oral sensory processing between the preterm and full-term children (7-36 months). Discussion: We discussed sensory processing patterns in children and their differences based on different factors. The results of this study can provide considerations for Iranian occupational therapists and psychologists.
34
Habimana-Kabano, Ignace, Annelet Broekhuis, and Pieter Hooimeijer. "THE EFFECT OF PREGNANCY SPACING ON FETAL SURVIVAL AND NEONATAL MORTALITY IN RWANDA: A HECKMAN SELECTION ANALYSIS." Journal of Biosocial Science 48, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 358–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932015000231.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryMost studies on birth intervals and infant mortality ignore pregnancies that do not result in live births. Yet, fetal deaths are important in infant mortality analyses for three reasons: ignoring fetal deaths between two live births lengthens the measured interval between births, implying that short intervals are underestimated; the recommended inter-pregnancy interval (IPI) after a fetal loss is shorter (6 months) than after a live birth (24 months), as the effect of IPI on outcomes might differ according to the previous type of pregnancy outcome; fetal death will selectively reduce the population at risk of neonatal mortality, leading to biased results. This study uses the Heckman selection model to simultaneously estimate the combined effect of IPI duration and the type of pregnancy outcome at the start of the interval on pregnancy survival and neonatal mortality. The analysis is based on retrospective data from the Rwanda Demographic Health Surveys of 2000, 2005 and 2010. The results show a significant selection effect. After controlling for the selection bias, short (<6 months) and long (>60 months) intervals after a fetal death reduce the chances of pregnancy survival, but no longer have an effect on neonatal mortality. For intervals starting with a live birth, the reverse is true. Short intervals (<24 months) do not affect pregnancy survival but increase the odds of neonatal mortality. If the previous child died in infancy, the highest odds are found for neonatal death regardless of the IPI duration.
35
Studnicki, James, John W. Fisher, Tessa Longbons, David C. Reardon, Christopher Craver, and Donna J. Harrison. "Estimating the Period Prevalence of Publicly Funded Abortion to Space Live Births, 1999 to 2014." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 12 (January 2021): 215013272110121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21501327211012182.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction/Objectives: Although a majority of women who have an abortion report having 1 or more children, there is no published research on the number of abortions which occur between live births, after a first child but before the last. The objectives of this research, therefore, were to estimate the period prevalence of an induced abortion separating live births in a population of Medicaid eligible enrollees and to identify the characteristics of enrollees significantly associated with the use of abortion to enable child spacing. Methods: A retrospective, cross-sectional, longitudinal analysis of the pregnancy outcome sequences of eligible enrollees over age 13 from the 17 states where Medicaid included coverage of all abortions, with at least one identifiable pregnancy outcome between 1999 and 2014. Eligibles with a defined sequence of birth-abortion-birth within up to 5 consecutive pregnancies were identified to estimate the number of eligibles who could have practiced birth spacing by abortion. Logistic regression was applied to identify the significant predictor variables of the birth-abortion-birth sequence. Results: There were 50 012 (1.02%) of 4 875 511 Medicaid eligible enrollees exhibited a birth-abortion-birth sequence. Eligibles with the birth-abortion-birth sequence are more likely to be Black than White (OR 2.641, CL 2.581-2.702), less likely to be Hispanic than White (OR 0.667, CL 0.648-0.687), and more likely to have received contraceptive counseling (OR 1.14, CL 1.118-1.163). Increases in months of Medicaid eligibility (OR 1.004, CL 1.003-1.004) and months from first pregnancy to second live birth (OR 1.015, CL 1.015-1.016) are associated with the likelihood of undergoing live births separated by one or more induced abortions. Increases in the age at first pregnancy are associated with a decreased likelihood of the birth-abortion-birth sequence (OR 0.962, CL 0.959-0.964). Conclusion: Birth spacing via abortion is uncommon among a low-income population for whom the financial barriers to abortion are somewhat alleviated.
36
Christensen, Kirstine Juul, Julie W. Dreier, Line Skotte, Bjarke Feenstra, Jakob Grove, Anders D. Børglum, Mitja Mitrovic, Chris Cotsapas, and Jakob Christensen. "Seasonal Variation and Risk of Febrile Seizures: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study." Neuroepidemiology 56, no. 2 (2022): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000522065.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Onset of febrile seizures varies with calendar season. However, it has not previously been assessed, how season of birth interacts with age and peak risk of febrile seizures, and whether season of birth correlates with the cumulative risk of febrile seizures at 5 years of age (i.e., when children are no longer of risk of febrile seizures). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We identified all singleton children born in Denmark between 1977 and 2011 who were alive at 3 months of age (<i>N</i> = 2,103,232). We used the Danish Civil Registration System to identify age and sex of the children and the Danish National Patient Register to identify children hospitalized with febrile seizures from 3 months to 5 years of age. Follow-up ended on December 31, 2016, when all children had reached 5 years of age. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The relative risk of admission with a first febrile seizure varied with calendar month; in February (a winter month in Denmark), the risk was more than doubled (hazard ratio: 2.10 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03–2.18]) compared with August (a summer month in Denmark). The age-specific incidence of a first febrile seizure by birth month identified the highest peak incidence of a first febrile seizure among children born in November (reaching a peak incidence of 350 first admissions with a febrile seizure per 100,000 person months at age 16 months) as compared to children born in July (reaching a peak incidence of 200 first admissions with a febrile seizure per 100,000 person months at age 16 months). However, the cumulative incidence of any admission with febrile seizures before 5 years was not correlated with season of birth (3.69% [95% CI: 3.64–3.74%] for winter births, 3.57% [95% CI: 3.52–3.62%] for spring births, 3.55% [95% CI: 3.50–3.59%] for summer births, and 3.64% [95% CI: 3.59–3.69%] for fall births). <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The study found a significant seasonal variation in onset of the first febrile seizure and in the age-specific peak incidence of febrile seizures. However, there was no correlation between season of birth and cumulative incidence of febrile seizures at 5 years of age suggesting that children who are predisposed to febrile seizures will eventually go on to experience a febrile seizure regardless of season of birth.
37
Tessema, Gizachew A., Siri E. Håberg, Gavin Pereira, Annette K. Regan, Jennifer Dunne, and Maria C. Magnus. "Interpregnancy interval and adverse pregnancy outcomes among pregnancies following miscarriages or induced abortions in Norway (2008–2016): A cohort study." PLOS Medicine 19, no. 11 (November 22, 2022): e1004129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background The World Health Organization recommends to wait at least 6 months after miscarriage and induced abortion before becoming pregnant again to avoid complications in the next pregnancy, although the evidence-based underlying this recommendation is scarce. We aimed to investigate the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes—preterm birth (PTB), spontaneous PTB, small for gestational age (SGA) birth, large for gestational age (LGA) birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)—by interpregnancy interval (IPI) for births following a previous miscarriage or induced abortion. Methods and findings We conducted a cohort study using a total of 49,058 births following a previous miscarriage and 23,707 births following a previous induced abortion in Norway between 2008 and 2016. We modeled the relationship between IPI and 6 adverse pregnancy outcomes separately for births after miscarriages and births after induced abortions. We used log-binomial regression to estimate unadjusted and adjusted relative risk (aRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In the adjusted model, we included maternal age, gravidity, and year of birth measured at the time of the index (after interval) births. In a sensitivity analysis, we further adjusted for smoking during pregnancy and prepregnancy body mass index. Compared to births with an IPI of 6 to 11 months after miscarriages (10.1%), there were lower risks of SGA births among births with an IPI of <3 months (8.6%) (aRR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.79, 0.92, p < 0.01) and 3 to 5 months (9.0%) (aRR 0.90, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.97, p = 0.01). An IPI of <3 months after a miscarriage (3.3%) was also associated with lower risk of GDM (aRR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75, 0.96, p = 0.01) as compared to an IPI of 6 to 11 months (4.5%). For births following an induced abortion, an IPI <3 months (11.5%) was associated with a nonsignificant but increased risk of SGA (aRR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.36, p = 0.07) as compared to an IPI of 6 to 11 months (10.0%), while the risk of LGA was lower among those with an IPI 3 to 5 months (8.0%) (aRR 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72, 0.98, p = 0.03) compared to an IPI of 6 to 11 months (9.4%). There was no observed association between adverse pregnancy outcomes with an IPI >12 months after either a miscarriage or induced abortion (p > 0.05), with the exception of an increased risk of GDM among women with an IPI of 12 to 17 months (5.8%) (aRR 1.20, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.40, p = 0.02), 18 to 23 months (6.2%) (aRR 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.50, p = 0.03), and ≥24 months (6.4%) (aRR 1.14, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.34, p = 0.10) compared to an IPI of 6 to 11 months (4.5%) after a miscarriage. Inherent to retrospective registry-based studies, we did not have information on potential confounders such as pregnancy intention and health-seeking bahaviour. Furthermore, we only had information on miscarriages that resulted in contact with the healthcare system. Conclusions Our study suggests that conceiving within 3 months after a miscarriage or an induced abortion is not associated with increased risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In combination with previous research, these results suggest that women could attempt pregnancy soon after a previous miscarriage or induced abortion without increasing perinatal health risks.
38
Ling, J. K., C. Atkin, A. Barnes, A. Fischer, M. Guy, and S. Pickering. "Breeding and longevity in captive Australian sea lions Neophoca cinerea at zoos and aquaria in Australia: 1965-2003." Australian Mammalogy 28, no. 1 (2006): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am06008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Australian sea lions (Neophoca cinerea) are known to have been kept in aquaria and zoos in Australia since 1965. During that time at least 41 births were recorded, of which 19 were in Adelaide, 15 at Adelaide Zoo and 4 at Marineland of South Australia. The mean interval between successive births in Adelaide was 538.9 � 9.5 days (18.0 months; n = 10) and the mean assumed pregnancy period, including embryonic diapause, was 536.0 � 11.4 days (17.9 months; n = 9). The mean interval between parturition and presumed successful mating was 8.4 � 1.6 days (n = 5). Births occurred in all months except January, June, August and December. Figures for New South Wales and Queensland establishments are too small and scattered over time for any pregnancy periods or birth intervals to be determined. Likewise, latitudinal differences, if any, were not evident, because of the paucity of data from these more northerly places. One female at the Adelaide Zoo produced 8 pups between 1986 and 1997; she is still alive after 22 years in captivity. The youngest known-age (captive-born) female was 4 years, 8 months old when she gave birth to her first pup; and the oldest female in captivity to give birth to a pup was aged approximately 21 years, 8 months. The longest recorded captive period for a female was more than 25 years by 31 December 2003, and for a male it was 21 years, 11 months. A captive-bred female was still alive after 18 years, 2 months, 24 days; another such female died aged 18 years, 2 months, 18 days. These life spans appear to be similar to those that meagre data suggest for tagged N. cinerea in the wild.
39
Kapustka, Joanna, and Monika Budzyńska. "Reproductive Losses and Their Causes in Alpacas—A Survey-Based Study." Animals 12, no. 21 (November 3, 2022): 3030. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12213030.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The profitability of alpaca breeding depends on satisfactory reproductive results. The study aimed to analyze the frequency and causes of reproduction-related problems in alpacas, in particular miscarriages, stillbirths, preterm births, twin pregnancies, and falls of crias within 12 months after birth. This analysis was carried out with the use of questionnaires completed voluntarily by 109 alpaca owners in three regions (British Isles, Continental Europe, and North America). Cases of miscarriage and stillbirths were reported from 44% and 36% of the farms, respectively. In half of the farms, the cases of falls of crias and young alpacas within 12 months after birth were reported. Preterm births were reported from almost half of the farms. A large number of alpaca owners did not identify the cause of fetal death. An important element increasing the cria survival rate of is the birth weight (the higher cria birth weight, the lower risk of perinatal complications and less necessity of bottle feeding). Crias from dams receiving mineral supplements had higher birth weight. This study indicated a relationship between fetal death and the occurrence of infectious diseases and scabies infestation in the herd. They may be potential causes of reproduction-related problems that are not discerned in time.
40
Watanabe, Yuki, Kayo Osawa, Itsuko Sato, Sota Iwatani, Ruri Kono, Ikuyo Hayakawa, Nobuhide Hayashi, Kazumoto Iijima, Jun Saegusa, and Ichiro Morioka. "Foetal haemoglobin concentration at postmenstrual age is unaffected by gestational age at birth." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 55, no. 3 (July 20, 2017): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004563217721253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Our aim was to determine whether the postnatal age or postmenstrual age is a more appropriate criterion for evaluating foetal haemoglobin concentrations. Methods Blood samples ( n = 1095) were obtained from 394 infants and were divided into two groups based on gestational age at birth: <37 weeks ( n = 491) and ≥37 weeks ( n = 604). (1) Foetal haemoglobin concentrations divided by one month at age after birth were compared between the groups. (2) Foetal haemoglobin concentrations divided into ≤9 months from last menstruation and one month thereafter were compared between the groups. Results In samples from infants ≥37 weeks’ gestational age at birth, the median foetal haemoglobin concentrations were 69.5%, 21.4% and 3.6% at 0–1 month, 2–3 months and ≥5 months after birth, respectively. The median foetal haemoglobin concentrations in infants <37 weeks’ gestational age at birth were 75.5%, 62.7% and 5.1% at 0–1 month, 2–3 months and ≥5 months after birth, respectively. The median foetal haemoglobin concentrations in infants <37 weeks’ gestational age at birth were significantly higher than that in infants ≥37 weeks’ gestational age at birth at all postnatal age points. (2) There was no significant difference between the groups at all age points after nine months of postmenstrual age: 72.5 and 75.3% at 9–10 months, 25.1 and 26.6% at 11–12 months and 5.5 and 4.6% at >13 months after last menstruation in infants ≥37 and <37 weeks’ gestational age at birth, respectively. Conclusions Evaluation of foetal haemoglobin concentrations at postmenstrual age is unaffected by gestational age at birth.
41
Tatara, Shunya, Masako Ishii, and Reiko Nogami. "Birth weight and refractive state measured by Spot Vision Screener in children aged 40 months." BMJ Open Ophthalmology 6, no. 1 (November 2021): e000808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000808.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesChildren with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) often have myopia. Even without ROP, birth weight and refractive state are related immediately after birth, but this relationship is reduced with increasing age. Here, we examined whether refractive state and birth weight were associated in 40-month-old children.Methods and analysisOf 541 children aged 40 months in Tsubame City, Japan, who underwent a medical examination between April 2018 and March 2019, this cross-sectional study enrolled 411 whose birth weights were available (76% of all).We measured the non-cycloplegic refraction using a Spot Vision Screener and correlated this with birth weight. Children were divided into three groups according to normal (2500–3500 g), high (>3500 g) or low (<2500 g) birth weights, and mean differences in spherical equivalent (SE) between the groups were analysed.ResultsThe average SE for the right eye was 0.34 D (95% CI 0.28 to 0.40). Average birth weight was 3032.1 g (95% CI 2990.2 to 3073.9). Birth weight did not correlate with SE for the right eye (Pearson’s correlation, r=−0.015, p=0.765) or with the degree of anisometropia (Pearson’s correlation, r=−0.05, p=0.355). Furthermore, the mean SE showed no significant difference across the three groups of children with different birth weights (one-way analysis of variance, p=0.939).ConclusionData on refractive states and birth weight for 411 children of similar age in one Japanese city were analysed, showing that birth weight did not influence SE, J0, J45 and the absolute degree of anisometropia at about 40 months of age.
42
Mardenli, Omar, Mahdi Saleh Mohammad Alkerwi, and Hadi Awad Hassooni. "A Genetic Evaluation Of Some Reproductive Traits Of Holstein-Friesian Cattle In Five Syrian Dairies." ISPEC Journal of Agricultural Sciences 5, no. 1 (March 9, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.46291/ispecjasvol5iss1pp1-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many of the reproductive traits in cows are affected by a group of factors, the most important of which are climatic conditions and the management of the herds. In this paper, the reproductive status of imported Holstein - Friesian cattle breed was evaluated in terms of breeding through the investigation for some traits under the influence of some factors. The records involved cow birth to first service trait (CBFS) (1101 records), cow birth to first days open trait (CBFDO) (1091 record), and age at first calving trait (AFC) (1083 record). The results of the study showed significant differences in CBFS, CBFDO, and AFC traits according to the year and season of birth (p <0.01), the lowest values were 19.33, 21.29 and 30.29 months (the year 2000) and 19.40,21.30 and 30.32 months (winter) respectively. Also. a significant difference (p <0.01) was noticed through the interaction between the year and season of birth and between the year of birth and total milk yield level (TMYL). Estimated heritability(h2) for CBFS, CBFDO, and AFC traits were 0.22,0.25 and 0.17 respectively. The study showed variation in estimated breeding values (EBVS) across sires within the reproductive traits. The first three lowest values were achieved by the sires 13,25 and 20, the values were -1.97, -1.87 and -1.86 months (CBFS trait), -2.33, -2.21 and -2.19 months (CBFDO trait), -2.32, -2.20 and -2.18 months (AFC trait) respectively. Based on current given results, it is advised to direct and intensify births during winter and spring seasons to obtain optimal reproductive performance of the herd later.
43
Erfani, Amir, Marzieh Nojomi, and Hatam Hosseini. "PROLONGED BIRTH INTERVALS IN HAMEDAN, IRAN: VARIATIONS AND DETERMINANTS." Journal of Biosocial Science 50, no. 4 (June 19, 2017): 457–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932017000232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThe enduring sub-replacement level of fertility in Iran is the result of changing timing of births. Using data from the 2015 Hamedan Survey of Fertility, conducted in a representative sample of 3000 married women aged 15–49, this study examined variations in median lengths of birth intervals employing cumulative survival functions, and investigated the determinants of birth interval lengths using regression hazard models. The results showed that the median first, second and third birth intervals, estimated at 28, 74 and 136 months respectively, doubled between 1995 and 2015. The multivariate analysis results indicated the strong impact of contraceptive use and higher education on lengthening birth intervals, with greater effects on the timing of second and third births. The relative risks of second and third births were higher among rural migrants, unemployed women and those with shorter periods of breast-feeding and the death of a preceding birth. Only timing of the third birth was influenced by son preference. The implications of the results for low fertility and maternal and child health in Iran are discussed.
44
Agea-Cano, Irene, Manuel Linares-Abad, Antonio Gregorio Ceballos-Fuentes, and María José Calero-García. "Breastfeeding at 1, 3 and 6 Months after Birth according to the Mode of Birth: A Correlation Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 18 (September 18, 2020): 6828. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186828.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Breastfeeding is a determinant of child and maternal health. However, evidence is limited on how mode of birth influences breastfeeding. Research aim: To examine the mode of birth and breastfeeding duration and the type of lactation at one, three and six months after birth in XXX, during 2017. Methods: Correlation study on breastfeeding duration and type of lactation during the six months after birth, and mode of birth, in a randomised sample. Women ≥18 years of age with term singleton infants, were included. Collected data through interviews and hospital records. Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation analyses were conducted. SPSSv21 and α = 0.05 were used. Results: Breastfeeding duration was shorter in women with greater parity (−0.055 **) (p < 0.01) and epidural analgesia (0.057 **) (p < 0.01), and longer in mothers with episiotomy (−0.267 **) (p < 0.01). Episiotomy was associated with breastfeeding at one month (0.112 **) (p < 0.01), and at six months (0.347 *) (p < 0.01). The prevalence of breastfeeding was lower in women who received epidural analgesia at three months (−0.140 **) (p < 0.01) and higher at six months (0.013 **) (p < 0.01). The percentages of breastfeeding at three months were significantly greater in women with no perineal tears (2.1) (p < 0.05). At six months, small rates of breastfeeding were found in women with greater parity (0.051 **) (p < 0.01). No significant association was detected, neither between the type of lactation and the mode of birth, nor between breastfeeding duration and the mode of birth. Conclusions: Epidural analgesia, episiotomy, perineal tears and parity influence the type of lactation and duration of breastfeeding during the six months after birth. The results suggest no association between the type of lactation and the mode of birth or between breastfeeding duration and the mode of birth.
45
Riese, M. L., R. S. Wilson, and A. P. Matheny. "Multimethod Assessment of Temperament in Twins: Birth to Six Months." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 34, no. 1-2 (April 1985): 15–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000004888.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe predictive relationship between neonatal behavior and temperament at 6 months was assessed in 62 pairs of twins. The neonatal assessment evaluated irritability, resistance to soothing, reactivity, and activity level across various activities. Temperament at 6 months was appraised by a laboratory assessment, ratings on the Infant Behavior Record, and a questionnaire completed by the mother. Examination for temperament consistency from the neonatal period to 6 months indicated that (a) neonates rated by an examiner as irritable and difficult to soothe were reported by the mother to be more negative, irritable, and slower to adapt at 6 months; (b) neonates rated as more irritable and active were more attentive and responsive during mental testing at 6 months; (c) there was no relationship between the neonatal measures and the laboratory ratings, possibly reflecting methodological problems influenced by maturation and vegetative processes at 6 months. Analyses for patterns of concordance within the various data sets for MZ and DZ twins indicated that there was no pattern of differential concordance favoring MZ twins for the temperament measures at birth or at 6 months. It was concluded that a modest predictive relationship between temperament variables had been demonstrated from birth to 6 months, but no specific genetic effects were detected at these early ages.
46
Barreto, Grasiely Masotti Scalabrin, Sandra Lucinei Balbo, Milene Sedrez Rover, Beatriz Rosana Gonçalves de Oliveira Toso, Hugo Razini de Oliveira, and Cláudia Silveira Viera. "Growth and biochemical markers of preterm newborns up to six months of corrected age." Journal of Human Growth and Development 28, no. 1 (March 12, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.138687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Due to advances in recent decades in maternal-foetal and neonatal medicine, a greater survival of preterm infants with progressively smaller birth weight and gestational age is observed, increasing the risk of future morbidities on those infants. Among these morbidities, alterations in growth and metabolism are found. Objective: To analyze the evolution of the growth and the metabolic profile of preterm infants’ cohort from birth at six months of corrected age (CA).Methods: A descriptive and prospective study with a sample of 107 mothers and 115 preterm infants at birth and 72 preterm infants and 68 mothers at the end of follow-up. Growth (body weight, height, cephalic perimeter) was evaluated at six time points. Plasma concentrations of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose and insulin of premature infants were assessed during three periods, from birth to 6 months of CA. Comparative analysis of the initial sample and the sample that finished the follow-up was used in chi-square family tests. To Evaluate the growth over the 6-month period by using repeated measurements.Results: Sociodemographic variables and maternal biochemical profile without statistical differences in the comparison of the mothers of the initial sample with those who completed the follow-up. Linear growth of preterm infants at six months of CA, however without recovery of growth. Plasma concentrations of triglycerides (birth = 48.1, 6 months = 151.1) and cholesterol (birth = 82.7, 6 months = 139.9) increased during the evaluations. Glycaemia remained stable (birth 80.4, 6 months = 83.3) and insulin decreased from 11.0 to 4.2.Conclusion: Growth of preterm infants, although linear, was lower than expected for age. Lipid profiles presented an ascending curve from birth onward. Therefore, this group is prone to delayed growth and to developing cardiovascular changes throughout life.
47
Esbérard, CEL. "Reproduction of Phylloderma stenops in captivity (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 72, no. 1 (February 2012): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842012000100020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A reproductive colony of Phylloderma stenops was established in captivity. The bats were maintained in 1/2" wired screen cages sized 90 × 60 × 80 cm in a room with cycles of 13 hours of light and 11 hours of dark and with temperature and humidity ranging from 27 to 31 °C and 75 to 90% respectively. Bats were fed with a semi-liquid diet composed of chopped fruits, raw eggs, bovine meat, dog food, honey, dehydrated shrimp, salt and a vitamin and mineral complex offered daily. In the first two years of confinement the diet was complemented with laboratory-raised cockroaches, mealworms, young mice and seasonal fruits. Nine births occurred from three wild caught females 770-1050 days after capture and two captive-born females. Births occurred in September, February and November-December. The neonate measured 15.0 g of weight and present 34.1 mm of forearm length. Two captive-born females gave birth for the first time at 402-445 days of age. Phylloderma stenops species presents postpartum oestrus, gestation of 5.5 months, lactation of 3.3 months and sexual maturity at 8.0-8.5 months. Fetuses are palpable around two months before birth and females may present synchronisation of births.
48
Huttly, Sharon R. A., Cesar G. Victora, Fernando C. Barros, and J. Patrick Vaughan. "Birth Spacing and Child Health in Urban Brazilian Children." Pediatrics 89, no. 6 (June 1, 1992): 1049–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.89.6.1049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The associations between birth interval and a range of child health outcomes were examined in a population-based cohort of approximately 3500 urban Brazilian children. The effects of several socioeconomic and maternal confounding factors were controlled for in the analyses. Children born after shorter birth intervals (<18 and 18 through 23 months) were disadvantaged with respect to most of the health outcomes when compared with children born after intermediate birth intervals (24 through 35, 36 through 47, and 48 through 71 months). Effects were particularly marked for birth weight, postneonatal mortality, and anthropometric status at mean age 19 months. Children born after a long birth interval (>71 months) also showed some disadvantage for birth weight, perinatal mortality, and infant mortality. However, this group experienced lower risks of hospitalizations during the first 19 months of life and better anthropometric status at mean age 19 months. This study provides data that are scarce from such settings and contributes to the quantification of associations between birth spacing and child health. This information is important in the planning of appropriate intervention strategies.
49
Nelson, Aurelie Kennedy, Tali Cassidy, Laura Trivino Duran, Vivian Cox, Catherine J. Wedderburn, Janet Giddy, Pauline Pieters, et al. "An analysis of the HIV testing cascade of a group of HIV-exposed infants from birth to 18 months in peri-urban Khayelitsha, South Africa." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): e0262518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262518.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Despite the reduction of HIV mother-to-child transmission, there are concerns regarding transmission rate in the breastfeeding period. We describe the routine uptake of 6 or 10 (6/10) weeks, 9 months and 18 months testing, with and without tracing, in a cohort of infants who received HIV PCR testing at birth (birth PCR) (with and without point of care (POC) testing) in a peri-urban primary health care setting in Khayelitsha, South Africa. Methods In this cohort study conducted between November 2014 and February 2018, HIV-positive mothers and their HIV-exposed babies were recruited at birth and all babies were tested with birth PCR. Results of routine 6/10 weeks PCR, 9 months and 18 months testing were followed up by a patient tracer. We compared testing at 6/10 weeks with a subgroup from historical cohort who was not tested with birth PCR. Results We found that the uptake of 6/10 weeks testing was 77%, compared to 82% with tracing. When including all infants in the cascade and comparing to a historical cohort without birth testing, we found that infants who tested a birth were 22% more likely to have a 6/10 weeks test compared to those not tested at birth. There was no significant difference between the uptake of 6/10 weeks testing after birth PCR POC versus birth PCR testing without POC. Uptake of 9 months and 18 months testing was 39% and 24% respectively. With intense tracing efforts, uptake increased to 45% and 34% respectively. Conclusion Uptake of HIV testing for HIV-exposed uninfected infants in the first 18 months of life shows good completion of the 6/10 weeks PCR but suboptimal uptake of HIV testing at 9 months and 18 months, despite tracing efforts. Birth PCR testing did not negatively affect uptake of the 6/10 weeks HIV test compared to no birth PCR testing.
50
Wood, Nicholas, Peter McIntyre, Helen Marshall, and Don Roberton. "Acellular Pertussis Vaccine at Birth and One Month Induces Antibody Responses By Two Months of Age." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 29, no. 3 (March 2010): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/inf.0b013e3181bc98d5.
Повний текст джерела