Статті в журналах з теми "Monsoonal floods"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Monsoonal floods.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Monsoonal floods".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Ladavia, Chirag. "Estimation of Fluctuations and Global Tele-connections in the Monsoonal Rainfall and Associated Floods for Barmer District." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 2221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: This paper is about the fluctuations and global teleconnections in the monsoonal rainfall and associated floods of Barmer district, Rajasthan, India. For investigation of precipitation and related floods, the precipitation information for period of 1901-2002 is collected from India Meteorological Department (IMD) for Barmer district. Inter-monsoon rainfall variability analysis, percent departure from mean, Normalized Accumulated Departure from Mean (NADM) and conditional probability technique for El Nino and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) have been used for the analyses of monsoonal rainfall data and its effect on floods. The outcomes demonstrate year to year varieties in the precipitation with huge takeoff from mean precipitation. It is seen that greater part of the floods are related with positive takeoff from mean precipitation. The NADM shows epochal conduct of high and low monsoon precipitation of the basin. For analysis of ENSO Sea Surface Temperature (SST) data is obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for years 1950-2019. It is observed that, during La Nina years the rainfall is higher than average annual rainfall. The analysis of ENSO reveals that the probability of the occurrence of the floods is high during cold (La Nina) events and it is very low during warm (El Nino) events. Keywords: Monsoon rainfall, Global Tele-connection, SST, ENSO effect, floods
2
Dempster, J. I. M., and H. Brammer. "Flood Action Plan – Bangladesh." Outlook on Agriculture 21, no. 4 (December 1992): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003072709202100409.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Situated on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers, with a monsoonal climate and at the mercy of tropical cyclones that sweep up from the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh has had no alternative but to live and cope with floods. However, it took the two major floods of 1987 and 1988 to mobilize the Government and the donor community into making a major effort to look for a permanent solution to Bangladesh's chronic flood problem. This paper describes the planning and development of the Flood Action Plan that resulted.
3
S. N. PANDEY, R. BHATLA, MANOJ K. SRIVASTAVA, and R. K. MALL. "Floods and hazardous heavy rainfall in India: Comparison between local versus oceanic impact." Journal of Agrometeorology 12, no. 1 (June 1, 2010): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v12i1.1265.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
India, leading to heavy rainfall. Such heavy rainfall result in floods for wider region of northern India, and, which, finally, causes loss of agriculture, human and animal’s life, outbreak of diseases/ epidemics, and thus affecting national economy. An attempt has therefore, been made to analyze the disastrous events that occurred in the summer monsoon months over different states in India for the period 1981-2000. The analyses included the raining event which were active, but, caused due to- or without the monsoonal-systems that were formed in north Indian Ocean. Results showed that West Bengal was the mostly affected state during monsoon season, where both, local as well as monsoonal systems were equally responsible for heavy rainfall/ flood events. The local atmospheric phenomenon affected highly to Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Gujarat, and Maharashtra, whereas for systems that were associated with the north Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal, the states of West Bengal and Orissa were the mostly affected states. From the study, it may be concluded that all the heavy rainfall related disastrous weather events formed over different states in India was not only due to systems developed over Oceans, rather, local atmospheric phenomena had equally important contributor of similar affects, particularly for northern and western India.
4
Khan, Muhammad Barkat Ali, and Atta-ur-Rahman. "Extent and Evaluation of Flash Flood Resilience in Mountainous Communities of Daral and Chail Valleys, District Swat, Pakistan." Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: A. Physical and Computational Sciences 59, no. 1 (June 27, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53560/ppasa(59-1)618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to explore the extent and evaluation of flash flood resilience in mountainous communities of Daral and Chail valleys of Swat. After collecting data from primary and secondary sources, the parameters of Disaster Resilience Capacity (DRC) model was applied for data analysis. The analysis reveals that stream discharge increases during summer mainly because of the rapid melting of snow, ice, glaciers and monsoonal rains, which results in flash floods. The communities living in the mountainous areas of Daral and Chail valleys face problems of multitudes of socio-economic and infrastructural flash flood damages almost every year. However, limited communities have adopted indigenous resilience strategies to bounce back from the recurrent adverse impacts of flash floods. It was found from the analysis that due to indigenous resilience practices by the local communities and the location of most mountainous communities, Daral valley is more resilient to flash floods as compared to Chail valley. Contrary to this, the extent and level of flash flood resilience in Chail valley are low as most of the mountainous communities are more vulnerable to seasonal flash floods. Some wise practices can enhance resilience to flash floods, especially land use planning, community preparedness, afforestation, and improved accessibility and communications.
5
Bremner, Lindsay. "Planning the 2015 Chennai floods." Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 3, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 732–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2514848619880130.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper approaches the floods of 2015 in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, as the consequence of policies, plans and procedures that, over many years, had erased monsoon water and wetness from the city and its imaginary. In order to do this, it examines a number of plans that authorized spatial development in Chennai from the early 20th century onwards. It approaches them as urban cosmograms, in which heterogeneous entities were accommodated, congealed, concealed or expelled in the description of the urban territory and the composition of the urban world. The paper undertakes this analysis in order to deepen understanding of the relations between spatial planning, capitalist urbanization and the more-than-human vitalities of the monsoon. It approaches the flood waters that rose and fell in 2015 as a cosmopolitical situation and cause for thinking, which, putting people in the presence of the monsoon and its potency in new ways, forced them to confront the precariousness of their co-existence with it and experiment with ways to re-compose the urban monsoonal world differently. This discussion draws from Stenger’s notion of cosmopolitics as a mode of collective practice that proceeds in the company of those who would otherwise be likely to be disqualified as having idiotically nothing to propose, including the more-than-human. The paper makes some critical observations about these experiments and concludes by speculating on whether planning itself might be envisaged as a more inclusive, cosmopolitical project.
6
Asri, Ummi Hajidah Mohamad, and Mohd Rizaludin Mahmud. "44% of the flash flood in Klang Valley occurred coincidentally during the typhoon period: A review on 2015." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1135, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1135/1/012016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper reviewed the occurrences of all the flood events that happened in the Klang Valley of Malaysia in 2015. The aim is to identify the sources of the heavy and extreme rainfall that triggered the flood; either it was attributed to the seasonal monsoon flows or other plausible factors. The major concern of flash floods is that many of them had frequently occurred regardless of the seasonal monsoon period; as it seems to be influenced by other factors. Therefore, besides the three monsoonal seasons with common heavy and extreme rainfall in Klang Valley which includes the Northeast Monsoon (Nov. – Feb.), Inter-monsoon 1 (Mar.-Apr.), and Inter-monsoon 2 (Oct.), this study also takes into account the typhoon season which occurred from April to December. There are 43 flash flood cases and most of them occurred during the wet period of the Northeast monsoon (Nov. – Feb.). 44% of the flash flood events did occur during the typhoon season (Apr. – Dec.) with its distribution varied via different monsoon seasons. The majority of the flash flood during the dry season (Southwest Monsoon) and wet season (Northeast Monsoon) happened during the same period of strong typhoons. Severe flash flood cases that occurred coincidentally with strong typhoons (category 4 and above) during the Northeast Monsoon had impacted larger spatial coverage, increased rainfall intensity and longer duration. The hypothetical explanation offered is that the occurrence of strong typhoons (category 4 and 5) with trajectory near the Philippines in the South China Sea could affect the regional weather of Peninsular Malaysia; in which resulting in stronger wind flows and accelerating the transportation of moist air parcels from regional ocean or seas to land areas. Such information is required for adaptation, mitigation and preventive actions including early warning systems.
7
Nickum, James E. "Is China Living on the Water Margin?" China Quarterly 156 (December 1998): 880–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000051377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Is there a water crisis in China? Certainly there are many sub-crises, many of them hardly new to that hydrologically complex, densely settled monsoonal landscape. Droughts, floods, befouled flows, and water-short northern cities have long been integral to the Chinese experience. The last half-century has witnessed remarkable efforts to control and reshape waters to ameliorate the traditional ravages of flood and drought. Yet many of these projects, and their water sources, are ageing at the same time that state financial capacity is diminishing. Simultaneously, economic development – especially industrialization, urbanization, chemical agriculture and livestock production – have placed increasing stresses on the quantity and quality of water.
8
Diyana, F. A. Noor. "Attitude and flood preparedness of households in Pasir Mas, Kelantan, Malaysia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1091, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1091/1/012022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kelantan is a state that is often impacted by the yearly monsoonal floods resulting in the displacement of a large number of households as well as damages to crops, livestock and properties. The flood is a yearly occurrence that necessitates the community to prevent loss of lives and extensive property damage; however, previous studies have found that communities are unprepared to face flood disasters, especially in flood-prone areas. Thus this study aims to determine the relationship between attitude towards flood preparedness and the level of flood preparedness of households in Pasir Mas, Kelantan. A total of 220 respondents from 10 villages were selected with the assistance of the District Office to ensure the selection of villages with experience of flood or is flood-prone. Descriptive analysis was conducted to determine the level of attitude and flood preparedness. Results from the analysis found that the attitude and preparedness level was moderate. Therefore, it is suggested that the community’s attitude and preparedness level can be further enhanced with the assistance of the responding agencies and local authorities to empower a more resilient community.
9
Kale, Vishwas S. "Fluvial geomorphology of Indian rivers: an overview." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 26, no. 3 (September 2002): 400–433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133302pp343ra.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rivers of India reveal certain special characteristics because they undergo large seasonal fluctuations in flow and sediment load. The rivers are adjusted to an array of discharges, and most rivers exhibit morphologies that are related to high-magnitude floods. In the last 100 years primarily hydraulic engineers have contributed to the understanding of the fluvial forms and processes. Though this trend has continued even today, in recent decades some interesting fluvial research has also been carried out by earth scientists. Four large rivers, namely Brahmaputra, Kosi, Indus and Narmada, have received greater attention from fluvial geomorphologists. The major themes in Indian fluvial geomorphology include the hydrology of monsoonal rivers; forms and processes in alluvial channels; causes of avulsion, channel migration; and anomalous variations in channel patterns; dynamics of suspended sediment; and the geomorphic impacts of floods. Studies of bedrock channels are far less than similar studies in alluvial channels. Only a few rivers have been investigated in this respect. Studies indicate that the Himalayan rivers are different in many respects from those of the Indian Peninsula. The former occupy a highly dynamic environment with extreme variability in discharge and sediment load. Earthquakes and landslides also have a great impact on these rivers from time to time. Consequently, the rivers are characterized by frequent changes in shape, size, position and planform. In comparison, the adjustments in Peninsular rivers are less frequent and of a much smaller magnitude. An inescapable conclusion is that in the tropical monsoonal environment, large floods are important geomorphic agents that temporarily affect the forms and behavioural characteristics of some rivers, but leave a lasting effect on others. In magnitude-frequency terms, large floods are major formative events in many rivers of the Indian region in general and the Indian Peninsula in particular.
10
Kelley, Lisa C., and Agung Prabowo. "Flooding and Land Use Change in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia." Land 8, no. 9 (September 17, 2019): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8090139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Flooding is a routine occurrence throughout much of the monsoonal tropics. Despite well-developed repertoires of response, agrarian societies have been ‘double exposed’ to intensifying climate change and agro-industrialization over the past several decades, often in ways that alter both the regularity of flood events and individual and community capacity for response. This paper engages these tensions by exploring everyday experiences of and responses to extreme flood events in a case study village in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, which has also been the site of corporate oil palm development since 2010. We first reconstruct histories of extreme flood events along the Konawe’eha River using oral histories and satellite imagery, describing the role of these events in straining the terms of daily production and reproduction. We then outline the ways smallholder agriculturalists are responding to flood events through alterations in their land use strategies, including through the sale or leasing of flood-prone lands, the relocation of riverine vegetable production to hillside locations, and adoption of new cropping choices and management practices. We highlight the role of such responses as a driver of ongoing land use change, potentially in ways that increase systemic vulnerability to floods moving forward.
11
Huber, Marius L., Maarten Lupker, Sean F. Gallen, Marcus Christl, and Ananta P. Gajurel. "Timing of exotic, far-traveled boulder emplacement and paleo-outburst flooding in the central Himalayas." Earth Surface Dynamics 8, no. 3 (September 22, 2020): 769–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-8-769-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Large boulders, ca. 10 m in diameter or more, commonly linger in Himalayan river channels. In many cases, their lithology is consistent with source areas located more than 10 km upstream, suggesting long transport distances. The mechanisms and timing of “exotic” boulder emplacement are poorly constrained, but their presence hints at processes that are relevant for landscape evolution and geohazard assessments in mountainous regions. We surveyed river reaches of the Trishuli and Sunkoshi, two trans-Himalayan rivers in central Nepal, to improve our understanding of the processes responsible for exotic boulder transport and the timing of emplacement. Boulder size and channel hydraulic geometry were used to constrain paleo-flood discharge assuming turbulent, Newtonian fluid flow conditions, and boulder exposure ages were determined using cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating. Modeled discharges required for boulder transport of ca. 103 to 105 m3 s−1 exceed typical monsoonal floods in these river reaches. Exposure ages range between ca. 1.5 and 13.5 ka with a clustering of ages around 4.5 and 5.5 ka in both studied valleys. This later period is coeval with a broader weakening of the Indian summer monsoon and glacial retreat after the Early Holocene Climatic Optimum (EHCO), suggesting glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) as a possible cause for boulder transport. We, therefore, propose that exceptional outburst events in the central Himalayan range could be modulated by climate and occur in the wake of transitions to drier climates leading to glacier retreat rather than during wetter periods. Furthermore, the old ages and prolonged preservation of these large boulders in or near the active channels shows that these infrequent events have long-lasting consequences on valley bottoms and channel morphology. Overall, this study sheds light on the possible coupling between large and infrequent events and bedrock incision patterns in Himalayan rivers with broader implications for landscape evolution.
12
Gawali, Praveen B., B. V. Lakshmi, and K. Deenadayalan. "Climate Change and Monsoon: Looking Into Its Antecedents." SAGE Open 9, no. 1 (January 2019): 215824401882224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244018822246.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change is a tricky issue. The Indian subcontinent has experienced many regional and local climatic changes in its past. There is overwhelming geological evidence of global climatic changes which are associated with extinctions and new life form adaptations. The Indian subcontinent is governed by monsoonal precipitation inextricably linked with the socioeconomic conditions of its citizenry. The subcontinent has a long coastline which is prone to sea level changes having potential to displace millions of people. The agriculture, dependent on the monsoonal precipitation, is already showing signs of disarray. Floods and droughts have been visiting regions that were hitherto immune to these hazards. The fast-eroding green cover and forests has unleashed extinctions of life forms that are so vital to the well-being of the environment. In climate change dynamics, many variables, and not a single one, have a role to play. Humans have the capacity to tackle this situation, and all the nations need to come together to fight the menace of climate change, that is part natural and part man-made. The technological innovations are long overdue to mitigate the hazards faced.
13
Dudgeon, D. "An inventory of riverine biodiversity in monsoonal Asia: present status and conservation challenges." Water Science and Technology 45, no. 11 (June 1, 2002): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are few parts of the planet where human impacts on riverine biodiversity are more apparent than in monsoonal Asia. Flow regulation, drainage-basin degradation and conversion of riverine wetlands to agriculture have been occurring for centuries, while pollution and over-harvesting have become important in recent decades. Concomitant species loss appears both ongoing and rampant. Uncertainty over rates of loss is imposed by the fact that the extremely rich biodiversity of Asian rivers has not been inventoried adequately. It is nevertheless evident that some taxa are gravely threatened. Specialist riverine birds have declined, turtles are highly endangered, and over-harvesting has severely impacted fishes - an effect that is exacerbated by pollution and flow regulation. A particular conflict that constrains biodiversity conservation is the tendency for dam construction, which damages river ecosystems, to produce tangible benefits for humans through hydropower generation and relief from floods and droughts. Resolution of such conflicts requires changes in perception: for instance, realistic economic valuations of the ecosystem goods and services provided by rivers, and promotion of flagship species as conservation icons to increase citizen awareness. Translation of awareness and knowledge to action, however, remains the essential prerequisite for societal commitment to the conservation of freshwater ecosystems.
14
Weerakoon, K. G. P. K., and J. A. D. U. Dharmapriya. "Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Flood Resilience Plan for Urban Sustainability of Ratnapura Municipal Council Area." International Journal of Real Estate Studies 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/intrest.v15n2.127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Natural disasters adversely affect urban built-up areas all over the world. Flood is the most destructive natural disaster that affects Ratnapura, the provincial capital of the Sabaragamuwa Province in Sri Lanka. This monsoonal flooding is a prolonged problem that arises mainly due to the overspill of River Kalu and other water bodies connected to the river during heavy rainy seasons. It causes short-term and long-term damages to human lives, properties, the economy, and the environment. Floods cause severe damages to private residential buildings. Hence, the availability of a flood resilience plan is a significant feature of the good governance of the Local Authorities. There are many factors to consider when preparing a flood resilience plan. This study aims to assess the factors affecting the effectiveness of the existing flood resilience plan in the Ratnapura Municipal Council Area. The main data instrument used is a questionnaire survey from residents in the flood-prone area. It assessed the effectiveness of actions taken by the government pre-disaster, during a disaster, and post-disaster. Various factors affecting the flood resilience plan were identified and categorized: community resilience, economic resilience, ecological resilience, emergency readiness and responsiveness, infrastructure resilience, and social and cultural resilience. Findings revealed that the respondents were more satisfied with emergency readiness and responsiveness out of the five main categories. In addition, respondents address the effectiveness of the existing flood resilience plan and its affected factors like community resilience, economic resilience, emergency readiness and responsiveness, infrastructure resilience and social, and cultural resilience. Findings will be helpful for town planners and the Municipal Council of Ratnapura to identify flood resilience strategies through community perspectives to mitigate the flood hazard and propose innovative strategies to achieve urban sustainability and build resilient communities.
15
Rees, H. G., M. G. R. Holmes, A. R. Young, and S. R. Kansakar. "Recession-based hydrological models for estimating low flows in ungauged catchments in the Himalayas." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 5 (October 31, 2004): 891–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-8-891-2004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Himalayan region of Nepal and northern India experiences hydrological extremes from monsoonal floods during July to September, when most of the annual precipitation falls, to periods of very low flows during the dry season (December to February). While the monsoon floods cause acute disasters such as loss of human life and property, mudslides and infrastructure damage, the lack of water during the dry season has a chronic impact on the lives of local people. The management of water resources in the region is hampered by relatively sparse hydrometerological networks and consequently, many resource assessments are required in catchments where no measurements exist. A hydrological model for estimating dry season flows in ungauged catchments, based on recession curve behaviour, has been developed to address this problem. Observed flows were fitted to a second order storage model to enable average annual recession behaviour to be examined. Regionalised models were developed, using a calibration set of 26 catchments, to predict three recession curve parameters: the storage constant; the initial recession flow and the start date of the recession. Relationships were identified between: the storage constant and catchment area; the initial recession flow and elevation (acting as a surrogate for rainfall); and the start date of the recession and geographic location. An independent set of 13 catchments was used to evaluate the robustness of the models. The regional models predicted the average volume of water in an annual recession period (1st of October to the 1st of February) with an average error of 8%, while mid-January flows were predicted to within ±50% for 79% of the catchments in the data set. Keywords: Himalaya, recession curve, water resources, ungauged catchment, regionalisation, low flows
16
Lechleitner, Franziska A., Sebastian F. M. Breitenbach, Hai Cheng, Birgit Plessen, Kira Rehfeld, Bedartha Goswami, Norbert Marwan, Deniz Eroglu, Jess Adkins та Gerald Haug. "Climatic and in-cave influences on δ18O and δ13C in a stalagmite from northeastern India through the last deglaciation". Quaternary Research 88, № 3 (21 вересня 2017): 458–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qua.2017.72.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractNortheastern (NE) India experiences extraordinarily pronounced seasonal climate, governed by the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The vulnerability of this region to floods and droughts calls for detailed and highly resolved paleoclimate reconstructions to assess the recurrence rate and driving factors of ISM changes. We use stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios (δ18O and δ13C) from stalagmite MAW-6 from Mawmluh Cave to infer climate and environmental conditions in NE India over the last deglaciation (16–6ka). We interpret stalagmite δ18O as reflecting ISM strength, whereas δ13C appears to be driven by local hydroclimate conditions. Pronounced shifts in ISM strength over the deglaciation are apparent from the δ18O record, similarly to other records from monsoonal Asia. The ISM is weaker during the late glacial (LG) period and the Younger Dryas, and stronger during the Bølling-Allerød and Holocene. Local conditions inferred from the δ13C record appear to have changed less substantially over time, possibly related to the masking effect of changing precipitation seasonality. Time series analysis of the δ18O record reveals more chaotic conditions during the late glacial and higher predictability during the Holocene, likely related to the strengthening of the seasonal recurrence of the ISM with the onset of the Holocene.
17
Mehmood, Asif, Shaofeng Jia, Aifeng Lv, Wenbin Zhu, Rashid Mahmood, Muhammad Saifullah, and Rana Muhammad Adnan. "Detection of Spatial Shift in Flood Regime of the Kabul River Basin in Pakistan, Causes, Challenges, and Opportunities." Water 13, no. 9 (April 30, 2021): 1276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091276.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent evidence of regional climate change impacts on hydrological cycle directed us to study the floods in a high elevated and rapidly urbanized river basin, the Kabul River basin (KRB), Pakistan, which is susceptible to frequent flooding. Therefore, we analyzed the changes in flood regime at various spatial and temporal scales and their possible causes, which is accomplished by using flood indicators, trend analysis, change point analysis, and hydrological modeling. The results showed that the northern and northwestern parts of the KRB were more exposed to flood hazard than the southern parts under long-term scenario (1961/64-2015). However, after the change points, the flood risk decreased in the northern and increased in the southern regions. This spatial shift increased the vulnerability of population to the flood hazard, because the majority of population resides in the southern region. The extreme precipitation has also increased, especially the maximum one-day rainfall and maximum five-day rainfall throughout the basin. Particularly, the major cause of the decrease in different flood indicators in the northern parts of the KRB is the corresponding decrease in the annual and monsoonal rainfall and corresponding positive mass balance of glaciers in the northern region after the occurrence of change point in flood regime. However, the major cause of the increase in flood hazard on the southern part of the KRB is associated with maximum five-day rainfall. A 68% variability of annual maximum flood for the Kabul River at Nowshera and an 84% variability of annual maximum flood for Bara River at Jhansi post are explained by maximum five-day rainfall. In addition, a considerable decrease in forests (–5.21%) and increase in the urban area (88.26%) from 1992–2015 also amplifies the risk of higher flood peaks. The results of hydrological modeling suggest that the six-hourly flood peak increased by 6.85% (1992–2010) and 4.81% (2010–2015) for the extreme flood of 2010 for the Kabul River at Nowshera. The flood peak per decade will increase by 8.6%, as compared to the flood peak under the land use scenario of 2010. Therefore, consideration of proper land use planning is crucial for sustainable flood management in the KRB.
18
Sentian, Justin, Carolyn Melissa Payus, Franky Herman, and Vivian Wan Yee Kong. "Climate change scenarios over Southeast Asia." APN Science Bulletin 2022, no. 1 (September 20, 2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2022.1927.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Southeast Asia is one of the world’s regions most vulnerable to climate change impacts with low-lying land, more severe floods and droughts, larger populations, higher dependency on agriculture for the economic sector, and low resilience of communities. Therefore, a study on how future climate change will affect this region has been conducted, and the results are provided in this paper. Projected surface temperatures and total precipitation from the baseline period of 2013 up to 2100 for Southeast Asia were investigated using the Global Climate Model (GCM) and the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) v3.9.1.1 modelling systems under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 future climate scenarios. The results showed that future temperatures were projected to increase under both climate scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5; however, precipitation was projected to decrease. The temperature was projected to increase by 0.93C and 2.50C under RCP4.5 and 8.5. Meanwhile, precipitation greatly varied under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 climate scenarios in both monsoonal seasons. We conclude that the change in climate variables, particularly the temperature and precipitation, could potentially increase the vulnerability of this region.
19
Morshed, Shahriar, Md Tahidur Rahman, Sheikh Rokonuzzaman, and Altaf Hossain. "The Economic Impact of Monsoon Flood and Its Spillover on the Households of Bangladesh." Journal of Sustainable Development 15, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v15n3p23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bangladesh experiences mild to devastating floods during the monsoon season of every year due to its geographical location. Whatever nature these floods may possess, they can be both a curse and a blessing for the people of this country. Self-reporting of Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) 2016 provides us with an opportunity to analyze the direct impact of the flood on the households’ development outcomes, such as income, expenditure, assets, and labor market outcomes at a microlevel. We also use the government report to identify the households that were treated in the report as being flooded but did not report as so in the HIES 2016. We use these two measures of flood exposure to estimate the full economic impact of monsoon floods and investigate any spillover effect to verify the preciseness of flood identification measure of self-reporting. Our modified control group meticulously strengthen the argument of flood impact and inaccuracy of its self-reporting by revealing households’ inhuman displacement in education and health expenditures. Though some river-centric trade centers offer employment and income increases for households, Bangladesh seems to lose its antique blessing of silt-laden flood water to replenish the fertility of flooded crop fields.
20
Kumar, Vinay, K. Sunilkumar, and Tushar Sinha. "Proportional Trends of Continuous Rainfall in Indian Summer Monsoon." Remote Sensing 13, no. 3 (January 24, 2021): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13030398.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A comprehensive study on the Indian summer monsoonal rainfall (ISMR) is performed in the light of decadal changes in the continuous rainfall events and the number of rainy days using 68 years (1951–2018) of gridded rain gauge data. Non-parametric Mann–Kendall’s test is applied on total rainfall amount, the number of rainy days, number of continuous rainfall events, and rainfall magnitude to find trends over different climatic zones of India for the two periods, 1951–1984 and 1985–2018. Our results found a decreasing trend for more than 4-days of continuous rainfall events during the recent 34 years (1985–2018) compared to 1951–1984. The rate of increase/decrease in extreme/continuous rainfall events does not follow a similar trend in number of continuous rainfall events and magnitude. Moreover, the rainfall is shifted towards a lesser number of continuous rainfall days with higher magnitudes during 1985–2018. During the crop’s sow season (i.e., the first 45 days from the onset date of Indian monsoon), the total number of rainy days decreased by a half day during the last 34 years. Over the Central and North East regions of India, the number of rainfall days decreased by ~0.1 days/yr and ~0.3 days/yr, respectively, during 1985–2018. Overall, the decreasing trends in continuous rainfall days may escalate water scarcity and lead to lower soil moisture over rain-fed irrigated land. Additionally, an upsurge in heavy rainfall episodes will lead to an unexpected floods. On a daily scale, rainfall correlates with soil moisture and evaporation up to 0.87 over various land cover and land use regions of India. Continuous light-moderate rainfall seems to be a controlling factor for replenishing soil moisture in upper levels. A change in rainfall characteristics may force the monsoon-fed rice cultivation period to adopt changing rainfall patterns.
21
Ruzza, Guerriero, Grelle, Guadagno, and Revellino. "Multi-Method Tracking of Monsoon Floods Using Sentinel-1 Imagery." Water 11, no. 11 (October 31, 2019): 2289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods cause great losses in terms of human life and damages to settlements. Since the exposure is a proxy of the risk, it is essential to track flood evolution. The increasing availability of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery extends flood tracking capabilities because of its all-water and day/night acquisition. In this paper, in order to contribute to a better evaluation of the potential of Sentinel-1 SAR imagery to track floods, we analyzed a multi-pulse flood caused by a typhoon in the Camarines Sur Province of Philippines between the end of 2018 and the beginning of 2019. Multiple simple classification methods were used to track the spatial and temporal evolution of the flooded area. Our analysis indicates that Valley Emphasis based manual threshold identification, Otsu methodology, and K-Means Clustering have the potential to be used for tracking large and long-lasting floods, providing similar results. Because of its simplicity, the K-Means Clustering algorithm has the potential to be used in fully automated operational flood monitoring, also because of its good performance in terms of computation time.
22
Liu, Qiao, Wanqin Guo, Yong Nie, Shiyin Liu, and Junli Xu. "Recent glacier and glacial lake changes and their interactions in the Bugyai Kangri, southeast Tibet." Annals of Glaciology 57, no. 71 (March 2016): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2016aog71a415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractGlaciers in the Bugyai Kangri are located in a transition zone from southeast Tibet, where monsoonal temperate glaciers dominate, to inner Tibet, where continental glaciers dominate. Here we analyze glacier and glacial lake changes in this region using multi-year inventories based on Landsat images from 1981–2013. Results show that the total area of 141 glaciers in the region decreased by 30.44 ±0.89 km2 from 198.35 ±9.54 km2 (1980s) to 167.93 ±4.52 km2 (2010s). The annual area shrinkage rate (–0.48% a–1) is lower than that reported for southeastern Tibet but higher than that of inner Tibet. Both the number and total area of glacial lakes increased between 1981 and 2013. Among all lakes, proglacial lakes contribute most (~81 %) to the expansion. The total area of ten proglacial lakes increased by 150.3 ± 13.17% and of these ten lakes the four that expanded most sharply showed increased calving at their upper margins, resulting in more rapid retreat of lake-terminating glaciers than land-terminating glaciers. Owing to rapid calving, several lakes may undergo further growth in the near future, increasing the potential risk of glacial lake outburst floods.
23
Singh, Abujam Manglem. "Flood Mapping in Valley Districts of Manipur Using Satellite-based Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Images." Ecology, Environment and Conservation 28 (2022): 481–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i07s.079.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Impacts from flood pose high risk to lives and properties of river plain inhabitants across the globe. Plains of Northeast India, including central valley in Manipur, often experience floods of variable intensities in different seasons of the year. Current flood mitigation measures of the region scarcely consider the dissimilarity in inundation patterns produced by floods of different seasons. Considering this, the current study examined the inundation pattern of pre-monsoon and monsoon floods in five valley districts of Manipur using Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data of Sentinel-1 satellite. SAR images of April (premonsoon) and July (monsoon), and a pre-flood image (March) of the year 2017 were employed for the analysis. The results indicate that the extent of inundation during monsoon flood (20222 ha) was about four times larger than the pre-monsoon flood (4297 ha). Imphal West and Thoubal districts witnessed largest area under inundation during pre-monsoon and monsoon flood respectively. And moving from premonsoon to monsoon, Kaching, Thoubal Imphal East, and Bisnupur experienced the largest percentage climb in inundation area while it only changed slightly in Imphal West. This suggest that spatial pattern of flooding exhibited significant variations among the districts between the floods. Therefore, to be more effective in future, flood management strategies need inputs from flood mapping studies performed using space-based SAR data.
24
Curtis, Scott, Thomas Crawford, Munshi Rahman, Bimal Paul, M. Miah, M. Islam, and Mohin Patel. "A Hydroclimatological Analysis of Precipitation in the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna River Basin." Water 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2018): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10101359.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Understanding seasonal precipitation input into river basins is important for linking large-scale climate drivers with societal water resources and the occurrence of hydrologic hazards such as floods and riverbank erosion. Using satellite data at 0.25-degree resolution, spatial patterns of monsoon (June-July-August-September) precipitation variability between 1983 and 2015 within the Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna (GBM) river basin are analyzed with Principal Component (PC) analysis and the first three modes (PC1, PC2 and PC3) are related to global atmospheric-oceanic fields. PC1 explains 88.7% of the variance in monsoonal precipitation and resembles climatology with the center of action over Bangladesh. The eigenvector coefficients show a downward trend consistent with studies reporting a recent decline in monsoon rainfall, but little interannual variability. PC2 explains 2.9% of the variance and shows rainfall maxima to the far western and eastern portions of the basin. PC2 has an apparent decadal cycle and surface and upper-air atmospheric height fields suggest the pattern could be forced by tropical South Atlantic heating and a Rossby wave train stemming from the North Atlantic, consistent with previous studies. Finally, PC3 explains 1.5% of the variance and has high spatial variability. The distribution of precipitation is somewhat zonal, with highest values at the southern border and at the Himalayan ridge. There is strong interannual variability associated with PC3, related to the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Next, we perform a hydroclimatological downscaling, as precipitation attributed to the three PCs was averaged over the Pfafstetter level-04 sub-basins obtained from the World Wildlife Fund (Gland, Switzerland). While PC1 was the principal contributor of rainfall for all sub-basins, PC2 contributed the most to rainfall in the western Ganges sub-basin (4524) and PC3 contributed the most to the rainfall in the northern Brahmaputra (4529). Monsoon rainfall within these two sub-basins were the only ones to show a significant relationship (negative) with ENSO, whereas four of the eight sub-basins had a significant relationship (positive) with sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the tropical South Atlantic. This work demonstrates a geographic dependence on climate teleconnections in the GBM that deserves further study.
25
Ghogare, Siddhi S., Sudarshan B. Ghangale, Prachi S. Borhade, and Abhijit V. Dawkhar. "Case Study of Mahad Flood." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 3367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42080.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract: The case study deals with their solution of the problem of managing flood risk with the aim of effective management focusing on reducing flood risks and thus increasing the measure of flood Protection. Maharashtra’s Konkan region and several other western parts—especially, Raigad, Kolhapur and Sangali districts—are flooded every monsoon for the last five years. The inhabitants of this region live in constant fear of floods, which destroy lives and businesses. In this case of flood occurred in Mahad, we are going to study about what causes flood? & what are the measure actions we can take to control the flood or to manage the flood. Keywords: Flood, flood risk, rivers, Mahad, flood protection
26
Duan, Hongyu, Xiaojun Yao, Dahong Zhang, Miaomiao Qi, and Juan Liu. "Glacial Lake Changes and Identification of Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes in the Yi’ong Zangbo River Basin." Water 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The southeastern Tibetan Plateau, where monsoonal temperate glaciers are most developed, has a huge number of glacial lakes. Based on Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) images, 192 glacial lakes with a total area of 45.73 ± 6.18 km2 in 2016 were delineated in the Yi’ong Zangbo River Basin. Glacial lakes with areas of less than 0.1 km2 accounted for 81.77% of the total number, and glacial lakes located above 4500 m elevation comprised 83.33%. Dramatic glacier melting caused by climate warming has occurred, resulting in the formation and expansion of glacial lakes and the increase of potential glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) risk. From 1970 to 2016, the total area of glaciers in the basin has decreased by 35.39%, whereas the number and total area of glacial lakes have, respectively, increased by 86 and 1.59 km2. In that time, 110 new glacial lakes emerged, whereas 24 of the original lakes disappeared. The newly formed lakes have a smaller mean area but higher mean elevation than the lakes that disappeared. Based on five indicators, a first-order method was used to identify glacial lakes that pose potential threats. We identified 10 lakes with very high, 7 with high, 31 with medium, and 19 with low GLOF susceptibility, out of 67 moraine-dammed glacial lakes with areas larger than 0.02 km2. Understanding the behavior of glaciers and glacial lakes is a vital aspect of GLOFs disaster management, and the monitoring of glacial lakes should be strengthened.
27
Soomro, Riaz Ahmed, Zafarullah Nizamani, Akihiko Nakayama, and Kok Weng Tan. "Geospatial analysis of river flood hazard assessment." E3S Web of Conferences 347 (2022): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234705006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods are one of the most damaging natural disasters which occur frequently in the world. They occur every year in Malaysia due to higher precipitation rates, river meandering, and heavily populated suburban areas. Monsoon rains are the major cause of floods and occur two times per year. The heavy floods in the Kelantan River Basin have shown an increasing trend in recent years. Terrain characteristics of the land and meteorological properties of the region are the main natural factors for this disaster. In this study, the Kuala Krai district of the Kelantan River is selected to be reviewed as the case study for flood risk analysis. Geographical Information System (GIS) integrated with Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) can be used to evaluate the potential flood risk areas. Historically flooded areas can be extracted from the satellite images to determine flood causing factors for the analysis. At the end of the study, a map of flood risk areas can be generated and validated to assist decisionmakers on the menace posed by the disaster. The expected results obtained from the study will help the guidance city planners and administrators to choose safe sites for construction and development. This study will also help to provide flood mitigation and quick relief response for the red zone areas which are more likely to hit badly from flood hazards. The study will help the Malaysian government to reduce natural flood risks in Malaysia which are one of the top causes of damage.
28
Goswami, Kartika, Mahadev Rawat, Manoj K. Jaiswal, and Vishwas S. Kale. "Luminescence chronology of late-Holocene palaeofloods in the upper Kaveri basin, India: An insight into the climate–flood relationship." Holocene 29, no. 6 (March 5, 2019): 1094–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683619831436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Instrumental/historic records have helped to understand the extreme flood–climate relationship in the modern environment; however, few studies are available to understand their long-term relation (102–103 years) due to the poor preservation and lack of dating techniques. It remains uncertain whether extreme flooding is linked with long-term wet phases of climate or a random event caused by an unusual downpour irrespective of climate. Luminescence analysis of quartz grains from river/floodplain sediments in the Kaveri basin, southern India, showed heterogeneous bleaching. We demonstrated the successful application of various statistical age models in estimating ages of heterogeneously bleached young sediments. This study shows distinct flood clusters occurred during the times of major shifts in the monsoon climate, from fluvial dormancy to sudden outburst of monsoons (~2 ka), from warmer to colder (onset of ‘Little Ice Age’ (LIA) ~ 14th century), from colder to warmer (end of LIA ~ 19th century) and ~20th century, indicating that climatic pattern can be associated with more frequent occurrences of extreme flood events. The study also shows that the two major flood events of the 20th century reported from the upper Kaveri were produced by high intensity short duration storms, suggesting that not all wet phases are associated with major floods and all dry phases with low floods/droughts. The excellent match of the chronology with the historical data, instrumental data and published literature based on proxy data on the Indian summer monsoon validates the chronology and the potential of sedimentary archives for future palaeoenvironmental reconstruction of the study area.
29
Latt, Zaw Zaw, and Hartmut Wittenberg. "Hydrology and flood probability of the monsoon-dominated Chindwin River in northern Myanmar." Journal of Water and Climate Change 6, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 144–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the third largest river of Myanmar, the Chindwin River has great importance as a water resource and transport artery. At 113,800 km2 the basin is comparable in size to the Elbe basin in Europe, although with higher rainfall and runoff. During the southwest monsoon high rainfall intensities with spatial and temporal variation causing severe floods are threatening the region. The study aims to analyze the hydrologic aspects of monsoon floods using statistical and frequency analysis. Flood responses vary due to the complex topography and rainfall distribution over the catchment. Time series of annual maximum floods shows no trend of the mean value. The deviation of annual maxima from the respective mean values, however, has increased significantly in recent decades. Flood quantiles are determined for return periods of 2 to 1,000 years using the data covering the period 1966 to 2011. Flood probability analysis shows that the upper and middle parts of the basin have particularly high flood risks. To analyze the change in flood values, the relative differences of flood quantiles in two time phases, 1966–1990 and 1991–2011, with respect to the entire observation period are compared. The expected floods of the latter period are the highest.
30
Eberth, David A. "Origins of dinosaur bonebeds in the Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 52, no. 8 (August 2015): 655–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2014-0200.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Upper Cretaceous dinosaur bonebeds are common in Alberta, Canada, and have attracted continuous scientific attention since the 1960s. Since its inception, the Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology has documented the presence of hundreds of these sites and has been involved directly in the scientific study of many tens. Because many of these bonebeds have been used to address questions about the paleobiology and paleoecology of dinosaurs, questions have arisen about bonebed origins and preservation in the Cretaceous of Alberta. This study of 260 bonebeds delineates broad paleoenvironmental settings and associations, and taphonomic signatures of assemblages as a first step in assessing patterns of dinosaur bonebed origins in the Upper Cretaceous of Alberta. Bonebeds are known predominantly from the Belly River Group and the Horseshoe Canyon, lower St. Mary River, Wapiti, and Scollard formations. In these units, bonebeds are mostly associated with river channel and alluvial wetland settings that were influenced by a subtropical to warm-temperate, monsoonal climate. Most bonebeds formed in response to flooding events capable of killing dinosaurs, reworking and modifying skeletal remains, and burying taphocoenoses. The “coastal-plain-flooding hypothesis,” proposed in 2005, suggested that many bonebeds in the Dinosaur Park Formation formed in response to the effects of recurring coastal-plain floods that submerged vast areas of ancient southern Alberta on a seasonal basis. It remains the best mechanism to explain how many of the bonebeds were formed and preserved at Dinosaur Provincial Park, and here, is proposed as the mechanism that best explains bonebed origins in other Upper Cretaceous formations across central and southern Alberta.
31
Lu, Weiwei, Huimin Lei, Wencong Yang, Jingjing Yang, and Dawen Yang. "Comparison of Floods Driven by Tropical Cyclones and Monsoons in the Southeastern Coastal Region of China." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 1589–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0002.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIncreasing evidence indicates that changes have occurred in heavy precipitation associated with tropical cyclone (TC) and local monsoon (non-TC) systems in the southeastern coastal region of China over recent decades. This leads to the following questions: what are the differences between TC and non-TC flooding, and how do TC and non-TC flooding events change over time? We applied an identification procedure for TC and non-TC floods by linking flooding to rainfall. This method identified TC and non-TC rainfall–flood events by the TC rainfall ratio (percentage of TC rainfall to total rainfall for rainfall–flood events). Our results indicated that 1) the TC rainfall–flood events presented a faster runoff generation process associated with larger flood peaks and rainfall intensities but smaller rainfall volumes, compared to that of non-TC rainfall–flood events, and 2) the magnitude of TC floods exhibited a decreasing trend, similar to the trend in the amount and frequency of TC extreme precipitation. However, the frequency of TC floods did not present obvious changes. In addition, non-TC floods decreased in magnitude and frequency while non-TC extreme precipitation showed an increase. Our results identified significantly different characteristics between TC and non-TC flood events, thus emphasizing the importance of considering different mechanisms of floods to explore the physical drivers of runoff response. Also, our results indicated that significant decreases occurred in the magnitude, but not the frequency, of floods induced by TC from the western North Pacific, which is the most active ocean basin for TC activity, and thus can provide useful information for future studies on the global pattern of TC-induced flooding.
32
KUMAR, J. RAJENDRA, and S. K. DASH. "Inter-annual and intra-seasonal variation of some characteristics of monsoon disturbances formed over the Bay." MAUSAM 50, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v50i1.1804.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The characteristics of monsoon disturbances during drought and flood years for the period 1971-96 are studied to find out their inter-annual variations. Variations of some of the characteristics of monsoon disturbances formed over Bay during 1979-88, with respect to different monsoon conditions such as strong, weak and break monsoons, are also studied. The results show that monsoon disturbance days are higher during flood years than during drought years. Drought years are associated with higher chances of low pressure areas to intensity into depressions, less westward movement, more horizontal extent, intense pressure departure from normal in comparison with flood years. However, more monsoon disturbances tilt significantly during flood years. The rainfall associated with these disturbances is highly variable and does not depend on the density, horizontal and vertical extent of the individual system. More number of lows intensify into depressions during strong monsoon conditions compared to those of weak monsoon conditions. Lows and depressions during strong monsoons have more westward movement and longer life period. Generally, very few lows form during break monsoon and none of them intensify into depression. Hence, the presence of mid-tropospheric heating during strong and weak monsoons is essential for the formation of depression. Synoptic systems which abate break monsoon condition and re-establish normal monsoon are also discussed.
33
CALLA, OPN, KISHANLAL GADRI, RAHUL SHARMA, SUNILKUMAR AGRAHARI, ABHISHEK KALLA, and GAURAV RATHORE. "Microwave remote sensing application for monitoring of floods." MAUSAM 65, no. 2 (April 1, 2014): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v65i2.955.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many times heavy and continuous rains give rise to flooding in the rivers. Devastating floods occurred in rivers Ganga and Kosi in Bihar (India) and in Damodar and Hooghly rivers in West Bengal (India) during 2011. In the present paper, passive microwave remote sensing data is utilized for detection and monitoring of floods that occurred in Darbhanga (Bihar) and Midnapore (West Bengal) India, in the year 2011during monsoon season. Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMIS) brightness temperature (Tb) data at 19 GHz & 91 GHz in both vertical and horizontal polarisations and Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) Tb data at 1.4 GHz are used to detect and monitor the flood occurrences. An attempt has been made to detect and monitor the flood events using 19 GHz Tb, difference of 19 and 91 GHz Tbs, and 1.4 GHz Tb, with both horizontal and vertical polarizations. Highest sensitivity to flood occurrence is observed for (19 GHz - 91 GHz) Tbs in horizontal polarization. Flood affected areas are mapped using (19 GHz - 91 GHz) Tbhs (Brightness temperatures with horizontal polarisation) values and compared with the Radarsat-1 images to show a general agreement between passive and active microwave remote sensing data. The comparison also shows an over-estimation of flooded area from passive microwave data.
34
Porio, Emma. "Vulnerability, Adaptation, and Resilience to Floods and Climate Change-Related Risks among Marginal, Riverine Communities in Metro Manila." Asian Journal of Social Science 39, no. 4 (2011): 425–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853111x597260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study examines the vulnerability, adaptation, and resilience of urban poor households living in the riverine communities of the three flood prone areas in Metro Manila, namely, (1) Pasig-Marikina River basin, (2) West Mangahan, and (3) the KAMANAVA area (Kalookan, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela). Based on a survey of 300 urban poor households in 14 communities located in these flood basins, the study found that the environmental-ecological vulnerability of the low-lying flood prone areas interacts strongly with the social vulnerability of urban poor households, highlighting the effects of climate related changes (sea level rise, increased typhoons, intensity of monsoon rains, floods and tidal/storm surges) on this vulnerable population. Most of the households have low-incomes, live in slum/squatter settlements and do not have adequate access to potable water, electricity, health, sewage and sanitation facilities. About two-thirds of them suffered losses (e.g., income, work, health/sickness, household appliances/things, housing damage) from typhoons, floods, and tidal/storm surges but only a small portion of them obtained help from formal institutions (e.g., local government units or LGUs, charitable agencies) and informal support networks (relatives/neighbors/friends). Of these, a third of these households appeared more vulnerable and consistently incurred higher losses (e.g., income and workdays) and intense inconveniences (e.g., water source buried by floods, toilets blocked and overflowed with wastes/large worms to their floors) compared to their neighbors. Both urban poor households and their local governments have formulated adaptation strategies in response to the increasing effects of climate change. Few of the local governments built river barriers, improved their drainage systems, installed water diversion techniques (e.g., “bombastic”) and disaster warning systems and increased the capacity of their officials to assist during evacuations. Meanwhile, some urban poor households have adapted to a “water-based lifestyle” (e.g., raising the floors/increasing the number of floors of their homes, building makeshift bridges among households in swampy areas, building Styrofoam boats for transport, etc.). But on the whole, both the urban poor residents and the formal institutions (LGUs, national agencies) need resources and capability building to increase their capacity to adapt to the effects of climate change.
35
Buslima, F. S., R. C. Omar, Tajul Anuar Jamaluddin, and Hairin Taha. "Flood and Flash Flood Geo-Hazards in Malaysia." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.35 (November 30, 2018): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.35.23103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods are natural phenomena of geo-hazards that usually happened when experiencing prolonged heavy rainfalls. Floods in Malaysia can be categorized into monsoon floods and flash floods. Monsoon floods is caused of Northeast Monsoon season commences in early November and ends in March that brings heavy rainfall, particularly to the east coast states of Peninsular Malaysia and western Sarawak. Flash floods usually occur in areas with rapid development by a rapid rise in water level, high velocity, and large amounts of debris. Flooding that occurred in December 2014 can be classified as worst floods that affected several states in Peninsular Malaysia, and the worst affected is Kelantan state. This disaster was recorded more than 200,000 people were affected with 21 people were killed and gives a massive impact on people, properties, agriculture, livestock, and infrastructure facilities. Following the worst floods that hit Malaysia in 2014, the opinions and views from various parties such as subject matter experts was needed to produce mitigations and prevents of the flood disaster at once to minimize vulnerability to hazard.
36
Nurashikin Sungip, Fauzi, Mohd Khairul Amri Kamarudin, Muhammad Hafiz Md Saad, Noorjima Abd Wahab, Ahmad Puad Mat Som, Roslan Umar, Loh Ing Hoe, et al. "The Impact of Monsoon Flood Phenomenon on Tourism Sector in Kelantan, Malaysia: A Review." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.34 (December 13, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.34.23577.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The northeast monsoon flood phenomenon is a natural disaster especially around East Peninsular Malaysia such as Kelantan. The main objective of this study is to identify the impact of the northeastern monsoon flood of Malaysia on the tourism sector. The climatology factors for tourism sector especially for the coastal zone tourism segment. Large floods as in 2014 have seen a lot of destroying local areas. Both the government and the non-government should formulate strategies to address the flood issue as a process of improvement for the future. Flood effects such as damage to building infrastructure, coastal beauty, facilities, interrupted services and tourist attractions. The findings show that floods that are among the most frequent climate change in all countries in Malaysia. However, the impact of this disaster will not only affect flood-damaged areas but also indirectly affect the growth of the tourism sector as it requires a reconstruction process. The study was conducted to illustrate the impact of the flood disaster that has affected the tourism sector.
37
Älgå, Andreas, Thi Dang, Dell Saulnier, Gia Nguyen, and Johan von Schreeb. "Hope for the Best, Prepare for the Worst—An Assessment of Flood Preparedness at Primary Health Care Facilities in Central Vietnam." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122689.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Floods affect over 85 million people every year and are one of the deadliest types of natural disasters. The health effects of floods are partly due to a loss of access to health care. This loss can be limited with proper flood preparedness. Flood preparedness is especially needed at the primary health care (PHC) level. Flood preparedness assessments can be used to identify vulnerable facilities and help target efforts. The existing research on PHC flood preparedness is limited. We aimed to assess the flood preparedness of PHC facilities in a flood-prone province in central Vietnam. Methods: Based on flood experience, the PHC facilities in the province were grouped as “severe” (n = 23) or “non-severe” (n = 129). Assessments were conducted during monsoon season at five facilities from each group, using a pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire. Data were checked against official records when possible. Results: Nine of the ten facilities had a flood plan and four received regular flood preparedness training. Six facilities reported insufficient preparedness support. Half of the facilities had additional funding available for flood preparedness, or in case of a flood. Flood preparedness training had been received by 21/28 (75%) of the staff at the facilities with severe flood experience, versus 15/25 (52%) of the staff at the non-severe experience facilities. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the assessed PHC facilities were not sufficiently prepared for the expected floods during monsoon season. PHC flood preparedness assessments could be used to identify vulnerable facilities and populations in flood-prone areas. More research is needed to further develop and test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire.
38
Yang, Long, James Smith, Mary Lynn Baeck, Efrat Morin, and David C. Goodrich. "Flash Flooding in Arid/Semiarid Regions: Dissecting the Hydrometeorology and Hydrology of the 19 August 2014 Storm and Flood Hydroclimatology in Arizona." Journal of Hydrometeorology 18, no. 12 (December 2017): 3103–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-17-0089.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The hydroclimatology, hydrometeorology, and hydrology of flash floods in the arid/semiarid southwestern United States are examined through empirical analyses of long-term, high-resolution rainfall and stream gauging observations, together with hydrological modeling analyses of the 19 August 2014 storm based on the Kinematic Runoff and Erosion Model (KINEROS2). The analyses presented here are centered on identifying the structure and evolution of flood-producing storms, as well as the interactions of space–time rainfall variability and basin characteristics in determining the upper-tail properties of rainfall and flood magnitudes over this region. This study focuses on four watersheds in Maricopa County, Arizona, with contrasting geomorphological properties. Flash floods over central Arizona are concentrated in both time and space, reflecting controls of the North American monsoon and complex terrain. Thunderstorm systems during the North American monsoon, as represented by the 19 August 2014 storm, are the dominant flood agents that determine the upper tail of flood frequency over central Arizona and that also shape the envelope curve of floods for watersheds smaller than 250 km2. Flood response for the 19 August 2014 storm is associated with storm elements of comparable spatial extent to the drainage area and slow movement for the three compact, headwater watersheds. Flood response for the elongated and relatively flat Skunk Creek highlights the importance of the spatial distribution of rainfall for transmission losses in arid/semiarid watersheds.
39
Othman, Faridah, Noor Farahain Muhammad Amin, Lau Mi Fung, and Alaa Eldin Mohamed Elamin. "Utilizing GIS and Infoworks RS in Modelling the Flooding Events for a Tropical River Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2281–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2281.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The large-scale atmospheric circulations and anomalies have been shown to have asignificant impact on seasonal weather over many parts of the world including Malaysia. Malaysia is located in the South East Asia with Southwest and Northeast Monsoons, experiences numerous flooding from year 1926 to 2012.Flood has become a regular disaster in Malaysia which happens every year in different states especially during the northeast monsoon. In December 2006 and January 2007, the Northeast Monsoon brought heavy rain through series of continuous extreme storms that caused devastating floods in the southern region of Peninsular Malaysia particularly to Kota Tinggi, Johor. The storms had occurred in two separate phases in late December 2006 and early January 2007 with atotal precipitation in four days exceeding twice of the monthly rainfall in which some places recorded a higher number. Johor River originates from Mt. Gemuruh and flows through the southeastern part of Johor and finally into the Straits of Johor. The 2006 average rainfall return period is 50-years while the 2007 gives more than 100-years return period. The objective of this study is to perform a flood simulation of the river basin using InfoWorks RS. The rainfall and stream flow data have been used as the hydrological input for the model. There are over 140 nodes representing the cross section throughout the length of the river. From the study, the main finding from the flood mapping process is that the simulated flood depth and flood risk map. Comparison between the simulated flood depth and observed flood depth has been done and shown a reasonable agreement.
40
TOMAR, M. S. "An insight into the severe floods in India during 2005, 2006 & 2007." MAUSAM 63, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v63i1.1456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper severe flood during South West monsoon seasons of 2005, 2006 & 2007 have been identified with the related synoptic features. A total of 22 states reeled under severe floods during 2005, 2006 & 2007. In the south peninsula only Karnataka and Kerala were affected by severe floods. During 2006 & 2007 severe floods continued for a longer period and affected many states where as during 2005 severe floods affected most of the states except peninsular India but they continued for short periods comparatively.Formation of excess No’s of low pressure areas and depressions in the Bay of Bengal during July, Aug and Sept 2006, in succession , and their WNW movements upto M.P. and east Rajasthan caused severe floods in Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Orissa and Andhra Pradesh for a longer period i.e. from 28 July to 12 September 2006. During 2007, Shifting of monsoon trough, presence of secondary monsoon trough and trough in westerly, caused severe floods in most of the North eastern states from 12 July to 10 October 2007.
41
CHOWDHURY, A., and S. V. MHASAWADE. "Variations in meteorological floods during summer monsoon over India." MAUSAM 42, no. 2 (February 28, 2022): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v42i2.3075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study, rainfall data of 31 mteorological sub-divisioins in India for 113 years (1875-1987) have been used to develop a flood index and statistical properties of the Index are discussed. Relationship of the index with the seasonal rainfall, number of depressions and El-N/no phenomenon are examined.
The study revealed that 1971-80 decade, had more number of flood years than the drought years. The flood index was found to be significantly related to flood situation over India. It IS difficult to associate any particular phase of the quasi-biennial oscillations (QBO) with occurrence of floods.
42
Tiwari, Abhishek, Khurshid Parveen, Shivendra Kumar Singh, and Manish Manar. "Urban Flood Relief Management in COVID-19 Pandemic." Indian Journal of Community Health 34, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i02.028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: Urban floods were addressed as a separate disaster after the historical 2005 Mumbai floods. Urban flood peaks are 2-8 times and volume 6 times when compared with rural floods. We are now handling multiple disasters simultaneously due to the Covid-19 Pandemic. The river plains of north India are prone to floods in the monsoon season and geographical location of Prayagraj doubles the damage because it faces wrath from two sides. Very few researches have been conducted on urban floods and evidence needs to be generated from the field. Methodology: This qualitative research was planned with an objective to identify the difficulties faced in operating an urban flood relief camp during superimposed burden of COVID-19 Pandemic and to suggest remedial measures from the public health aspect. We conducted in-depth interviews of nodal officers, health staff and beneficiaries of the identified camps. Informed consent was taken from participant after explaining them about the research. Results: The findings from the interviews were categorized into 3phases of flood relief i.e. before the floods, during floods and lastly post flood. The most crucial work before floods is to spread awareness about do’s and don’ts in detail. Next was identification of the local people actually affected by flood. The space and facilities at few centers was low for the population load. Urban flood management needs a major overhauling of public health infrastructure to handle such disasters in future. Conclusion: The officials were working hard to make the homeless feel as if they are on a picnic. The database of beneficiaries should be strengthened and should also include students and labourers, anyone who is a flood victim and not only local flood victims.
43
Kale, Vishwas, Hema Achyuthan, Manoj Jaiswal, and Somasis Sengupta. "Palaeoflood Records from Upper Kaveri River, Southern India: Evidence for Discrete Floods During Holocene." Geochronometria 37, no. -1 (January 1, 2010): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10003-010-0026-0.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Palaeoflood Records from Upper Kaveri River, Southern India: Evidence for Discrete Floods During Holocene A record of six discrete middle Holocene floods has been established based on sedimentological and stratigraphical studies in the upper Kaveri catchment at Siddapur. The flood events are represented by six discrete, sharp-bounded, sand-silt couplets. Texturally and geochemically the suite of couplets is quite distinct from the overlying and underlying structureless fluvial deposits. Based on OSL ages the suite of couplets cover the Holocene from ~8 to ~2 ka. Such evidence is not present or reported from any other river originating in the Western Ghat in the Indian Peninsula. We argue that the six couplets represent short-term, high discharge events or flash floods. The initiation of this phase of flash floods broadly corresponds with the southward migration of ITCZ and a gradual decline in Indian summer monsoon precipitation starting at ~7.8 ka. Comparison of the elevation of the highest couplet with the high flood level (HFL) of the 1961 extraordinary flood on Kaveri demonstrates that the 20th century flood was higher than the mid-Holocene palaeofloods.
44
Delgado, J. M., B. Merz, and H. Apel. "A climate-flood link for the lower Mekong River." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 29, 2012): 1533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-1533-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Mekong River in Southeast Asia thanks its regular annual flood to the southwest monsoon. At longer time scales, the monsoon is a spatially and temporally variable circulation, with different annual to millennial variation for different regions. In this paper, the Indian and the Western Pacific components of the monsoon were analyzed to draw a light on the interannual flood variability of the Mekong River. The focus is on the variance of flood season flows at 8 stations on the Mekong River, as well as on well-known climate indexes that reflect the dynamics of the monsoon circulation and ocean temperature anomalies. An effort was made to identify the temporal resolution that contains most of the interannual variability of both flood regime of the Mekong and monsoon intensity. We found a close connection between the Western Pacific monsoon and the discharge in Kratie and other stations in the Southern Mekong region. In the frequency domain, the interannual to decadal variance of the Mekong discharge closely follows that of the Western Pacific monsoon. More importantly, the well-known regime shift of 1976 in the North Pacific is detectable in the frequency domain for flood discharge and monsoon intensity. This suggests a relationship between Pacific sea surface temperature and monsoon variance, which is a good predictor for flood variance. This dependence influences the probability of occurrence of floods in the Mekong Delta.
45
Delgado, J. M., B. Merz, and H. Apel. "A climate-flood link for the lower Mekong River." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (November 16, 2011): 10125–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-10125-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Mekong River in Southeast Asia thanks its regular annual flood to the southwest monsoon. At longer time scales, the monsoon is a spatially and temporally variable circulation, with different annual to millennial variation for different regions. In this paper, the Indian and the Western Pacific component of the monsoon were analyzed to draw a light on the interannual flood variability of the Mekong River. The focus is on the variance of flood season flows at 8 stations on the Mekong River, as well as on well-known climate indexes that reflect the dynamics of the monsoon circulation and ocean temperature anomalies. An effort was made to identify the temporal resolution that contains most of the interannual variability of both flood regime of the Mekong and monsoon intensity. We found a close connection between the Western Pacific monsoon and the discharge in Kratie and other stations in the Southern Mekong region. In the frequency domain, the interannual to decadal variance of the Mekong discharge closely follows that of the Western Pacific monsoon. More importantly, the well-known regime shift of 1976 in the North Pacific is detectable in the frequency space for flood discharge and monsoon intensity. This suggests a relationship between Pacific sea surface temperature and monsoon variance, which is a good predictor for flood variance. This dependence influences the probability of occurrence of floods in the Mekong Delta.
46
Delgado, J. M., B. Merz, and H. Apel. "Projecting flood hazard under climate change: an alternative approach to model chains." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 6 (June 23, 2014): 1579–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-1579-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Flood hazard projections under climate change are typically derived by applying model chains consisting of the following elements: "emission scenario – global climate model – downscaling, possibly including bias correction – hydrological model – flood frequency analysis". To date, this approach yields very uncertain results, due to the difficulties of global and regional climate models to represent precipitation. The implementation of such model chains requires major efforts, and their complexity is high. We propose for the Mekong River an alternative approach which is based on a shortened model chain: "emission scenario – global climate model – non-stationary flood frequency model". The underlying idea is to use a link between the Western Pacific monsoon and local flood characteristics: the variance of the monsoon drives a non-stationary flood frequency model, yielding a direct estimate of flood probabilities. This approach bypasses the uncertain precipitation, since the monsoon variance is derived from large-scale wind fields which are better represented by climate models. The simplicity of the monsoon–flood link allows deriving large ensembles of flood projections under climate change. We conclude that this is a worthwhile, complementary approach to the typical model chains in catchments where a substantial link between climate and floods is found.
47
Delgado, J. M., B. Merz, and H. Apel. "Projecting flood hazard under climate change: an alternative approach to model chains." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 6 (December 10, 2013): 7357–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-7357-2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Flood hazard projections under climate change are typically derived by applying model chains consisting of the following elements: "emission scenario – global climate model – downscaling, possibly including bias correction – hydrological model – flood frequency analysis". To date, this approach yields very uncertain results, due to the difficulties of global and regional climate models to represent precipitation. The implementation of such model chains requires large efforts, and their complexity is high. We propose for the Mekong River an alternative approach which is based on a shortened model chain: "emission scenario – global climate model – non-stationary flood frequency model". The underlying idea is to use a link between the Western Pacific monsoon and local flood characteristics: the variance of the monsoon drives a nonstationary flood frequency model, yielding a direct estimate of flood probabilities. This approach bypasses the uncertain precipitation, since the monsoon variance is derived from large-scale wind fields which are better represented by climate models. The simplicity of the monsoon-flood link allows deriving large ensembles of flood projections under climate change. We conclude that this is a worthwhile, complementary approach to the typical model chains in catchments where a substantial link between climate and floods is found.
48
R S, Sharma, Mandal B K, and Das G K. "DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF CATASTROPHIC FLOOD OVER EASTERN INDIA IN JULY 2017 - A CASE STUDY." MAUSAM 71, no. 3 (August 3, 2021): 513–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v71i3.53.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods are very common in eastern India during southwest monsoon season. It brings a lot of misery to the people of this region. Every year eastern Indian states namely West Bengal, Odisha and Bihar witness such types of flood during monsoon period. Major river basins in eastern India are Ganga river basin in Bihar and West Bengal area, Odisha has three river basins namely Mahanadi, Subarnarekha, Brahmani and Baitarani [Fig. 1(a)]. As majority of tributary rivers of Ganga passing through Bihar and West Bengal; these two states are more prone to massive flood during monsoon season. The abnormal occurrence of rainfall generally causes floods. It occurs when surface runoff exceeds the capacity of natural drainage. The heavy rainfall is frequently occurring event over the area during South-West Monsoon (SWM) every year. The geographical location of the area, orography and its interaction with the basic monsoon flow is considered as one of prime factors of these heavy rainfall activities. Synoptically, the latitudinal oscillation of eastern end of the Monsoon Trough and the synoptic disturbances formed or passing over the eastern India region and / or its neighbourhood that brings moisture laden Easterly or South-Easterly winds over the area are the main causes responsible for heavy rainfall in this area.
49
Khokhar, Malik Abid Hussain, Sadaf Javed, Hisham Bin Hafeez Awan, Ishtiaq Yousaf, Amir Iqbal, and Liaqat Ali Waseem. "Damage Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Mapping Using Object Based Image Analysis Technique on Floods-2015 in Southern Punjab, Pakistan." European Journal of Geosciences 3, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2021-ejgs-0013/euraass.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods are the natural disasters which not only harm human lives but also damage entire structure in the inundated area. Pakistan has been witnessing extensive floods since very long because of long and severe spells of monsoon rainfalls with abrupt diurnal and seasonal disparity in the temperature level every year. Floods of 2010 and 2014 were so severe that they had broken the disaster record of earthquake-2005 in Pakistan and floods of 2015 had devastated the southern Punjab badly. These floods have damaged socioeconomic activities and people were displaced from the flood prone areas. Southern Punjab has been facing this calamity frequently from 2010 onward which resulting to huge destruction and gigantic loss of human lives every year. An immaculate large area of the Southern Punjab was damaged with crop land, built-up areas and road networks. To assess the damages and spatio-temporal mapping during flood period, remote sensing and GIS techniques have been incorporated by using spatial statistical and object-based image classification techniques. These techniques have been applied for estimating damages, mapping and extracting flood extents by embedding NDVI, NDBI and NDWI methods into object-based image analysis. This paper concludes assessment of damages, various extents of flood and accuracy assessment (79.3% and Khat0.72). Outcomes of the paper would be very beneficial for disaster management authorities for mitigating future floods and helpful for flood monitoring departments to guide competent management authorities at all tiers for quick response and rehabilitation programmes.
50
Yu, Guo, Julianne J. Miller, Benjamin J. Hatchett, Markus Berli, Daniel B. Wright, Craig McDougall, and Zhihua Zhu. "The Nonstationary Flood Hydrology of an Urbanizing Arid Watershed." Journal of Hydrometeorology 24, no. 1 (January 2023): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-22-0117.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Las Vegas metropolitan area in Nevada has experienced extensive urban growth since 1950 coincident with regional and local climate change. This study explores the nonstationary flood history of the Las Vegas Wash (LVW) watershed by deconstructing it into its constituent physical drivers. Observations and reanalysis products are used to examine the hydroclimatology, hydrometeorology, and hydrology of flash flooding in the watershed. Annual peak flows have increased nonlinearly over the past seven decades, with an abrupt changepoint detected in the mid-1990s, which is attributed to the implementation of flood conveyance systems rather than changes in land use. The LVW watershed exhibits two pronounced flood seasons, associated with distinct synoptic atmospheric circulations: winter floods linked to inland-penetrating atmospheric rivers and summer floods linked to the North American monsoon. El Niño–Southern Oscillation also plays a role in modulating extreme rainfall and the resultant floods because annual maximum daily rainfall totals positively correlate with El Niño, with Spearman’s correlation coefficient of 0.36 (p value < 0.05). Winter maximum daily rainfall totals have increased since 1950, whereas summer daily rainfall maxima have decreased. The trends in hydrometeorological drivers interact with urbanization to shift flood seasonality toward more frequent winter floods in the LVW watershed. A process-based understanding of the flood hydrology of the watershed also provides insights into flood frequency analysis and flood forecasting.