Статті в журналах: "Monopolar antenna"

1

Han, T. Y., and C. T. Huang. "Reconfigurable monopolar patch antenna." Electronics Letters 46, no. 3 (2010): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2010.3242.

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2

Ha, Youngseok, Jae-il Jung, Sunghee Lee, and Seongmin Pyo. "Extremely Low-Profile Monopolar Microstrip Antenna with Wide Bandwidth." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 5, 2021): 5295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165295.

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In this paper, we propose a new monopolar microstrip antenna for a high-speed moving swarm sensor network. The proposed antenna shows an extremely thin substrate thickness supported with an omni-directional radiation pattern and wide operation frequency bandwidth. First, to achieve the low-profile monopolar microstrip antenna, the symmetrical center feeding network and the gap-coupled six arrayed patches which form a hexagonal microstrip radiator were utilized. The partially loaded ground-slots under the top patches were employed to improve the radiation performance and adjust the impedance bandwidth. Second, to obtain the broad bandwidth of the low-profile monopolar microstrip antenna, the degenerated non-fundamental TM02 modes, that is, even and odd TM02 modes, were carefully analyzed. To verify the feasibility of the degenerated TM02 mode operation, the parametric study of the proposed antenna was theoretically investigated and implemented with the optimized parameter dimensions. Finally, the fabricated antenna showed a 0.254 mm-thick substrate and demonstrates 1.5-wavelength resonant monopolar radiation with broad impedance bandwidth of 855 MHz and its factional bandwidth of 15.24% at the resonant frequency of 5.57 GHz.

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3

Lau, K. L., K. C. Kong, and K. M. Luk. "Super-wideband monopolar patch antenna." Electronics Letters 44, no. 12 (2008): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20080866.

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4

Row, J. S., and S. H. Chen. "Wideband Monopolar Square-Ring Patch Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 54, no. 4 (April 2006): 1335–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2006.872660.

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5

Lau, Pui-Yi, and Edward K. N. Yung. "Compact wide band monopolar patch antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 49, no. 7 (2007): 1581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.22535.

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6

ANDREEV, Yu A., V. P. GUBANOV, A. M. EFREMOV, V. I. KOSHELEV, S. D. KOROVIN, B. M. KOVALCHUK, V. V. KREMNEV, V. V. PLISKO, A. S. STEPCHENKO, and K. N. SUKHUSHIN. "High-power ultrawideband radiation source." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 2 (April 2003): 211–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603212088.

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The article presents a source producing high-power ultrawideband electromagnetic pulses. The source includes a generator of monopolar pulses, a bipolar pulse former, and a combined ultrawideband transmitting antenna. Monopolar 150-kV, 4.5-ns pulses are transformed into bipolar 120-kV, 1-ns pulses, which are emitted by the antenna. The pulse repetition rate of the setup is up to 100 Hz. The peak power of the source is 170 MW as measured with a TEM-type receiving antenna having 0.2–2 GHz passband. The pattern width of the transmitting antenna at a half-level of peak power is 90° and 105° for the H- and E-planes, respectively. The electric field strength measured 4 m from the transmitting antenna in the direction of the main radiation maximum is 34 kV/m.

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7

He, Wei, Yejun He, Long Zhang, Sai-Wai Wong, Wenting Li, and Amir Boag. "A Low-Profile Circularly Polarized Conical-Beam Antenna with Wide Overlap Bandwidth." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (February 27, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6648887.

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In this paper, a low-profile circularly polarized (CP) conical-beam antenna with a wide overlap bandwidth is presented. Such an antenna is constructed on the two sides of a square substrate. The antenna consists of a wideband monopolar patch antenna fed by a probe in the center and two sets of arc-hook-shaped branches. The monopolar patch antenna is loaded by a set of conductive shorting vias to achieve a wideband vertically polarized electric field. Two sets of arc-hook-shaped parasitic branches connected to the patch and ground plane can generate a horizontally polarized electric field. To further increase the bandwidth of the horizontally polarized electric field, two types of arc-hook-shaped branches with different sizes are used, which can generate another resonant frequency. When the parameters of the arc-hook-shaped branches are reasonably adjusted, a 90° phase difference can be generated between the vertically polarized electric field and the horizontally polarized electric field, so that the antenna can produce a wideband CP radiation pattern with a conical beam. The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth ( ∣ S 11 ∣ < − 10 dB ) of 35.6% (4.97-7.14 GHz) and a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth at phi = 0 ° and theta = 35 ° of about 30.1% (4.97-6.73 GHz). Compared with the earlier reported conical-beam CP antennas, an important feature of the proposed antenna is that the AR bandwidth is completely included in the impedance bandwidth, that is, the overlap bandwidth of ∣ S 11 ∣ < − 10 dB and AR < 3 dB is 30.1%. Moreover, the stable omnidirectional conical-beam radiation patterns can be maintained within the whole operational bandwidth.

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8

Zhu, Ji-Xu, Peng Bai, and Jia-Fu Wang. "Ultrasmall Dual-Band Metamaterial Antennas Based on Asymmetrical Hybrid Resonators." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7019268.

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A new type of hybrid resonant circuit model is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The resonant model consists of a right hand (RH) patch part and a composite right and left handed (CRLH) part (RH + CRLH), which determines a compact size and also a convenient frequency modulation characteristic for the proposed antennas. For experimental demonstration, two antennas are fabricated. The former dual-band antenna operating at f-1=3.5 GHz (Wimax) and f+1=5.25 GHz (WLAN) occupies an area of 0.21λ0×0.08λ0, and two dipolar radiation patterns are obtained with comparable gains of about 6.1 and 6.2 dB, respectively. The latter antenna advances in many aspects such as an ultrasmall size of only 0.16λ0×0.08λ0, versatile radiation patterns with a monopolar pattern at f0=2.4 GHz (Bluetooth), and a dipole one at f+1=3.5 GHz (Wimax) and also comparable antenna gains. Circuit parameters are extracted and researched. Excellent performances of the antennas based on hybrid resonators predict promising applications in multifunction wireless communication systems.

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9

Delaveaud, Ch, Ph Leveque, and B. Jecko. "New kind of microstrip antenna: the monopolar wire-patch antenna." Electronics Letters 30, no. 1 (January 6, 1994): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940057.

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10

Jeen-Sheen Row, Shih-Huang Yeh, and Kin-Lu Wong. "A wide-band monopolar plate-patch antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 50, no. 9 (September 2002): 1328–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2002.804452.

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11

Zhang, Qiao, Tongbin Yu, and Jundong Ye. "MICROSTRIP MONOPOLAR PATCH ANTENNA FOR BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT." Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 53 (2015): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2528/pierl15030401.

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12

Chen, Xi, Guang Fu, Li Xi, and Simin Zhang. "Super wideband characteristics of monopolar patch antenna." Journal of Engineering 2013, no. 12 (December 1, 2013): 86–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/joe.2013.0131.

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13

Zheng, Shu-Feng, Ying-Zeng Yin, Xue-Shi Ren, Zhen-Yang Liu, and Le Kang. "A wideband low-profile monopolar patch antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 53, no. 1 (November 22, 2010): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.25631.

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14

Lacik, Jaroslav, Tomas Mikulasek, Zbynek Raida, and Tomas Urbanec. "Substrate integrated waveguide monopolar ring-slot antenna." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 56, no. 8 (May 24, 2014): 1865–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.28465.

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15

Burberry, R. A., and P. R. Foster. "Comment: New kind of microstrip antenna: the monopolar wire patch antenna." Electronics Letters 30, no. 10 (May 12, 1994): 745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940525.

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16

Dai, Xi Wang, Sheng Wen Mao, and Tao Zhou. "Broadband circular patch antenna with monopolar radiation pattern for indoor wireless communication." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 9, no. 4 (August 18, 2016): 953–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078716000908.

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A circular patch antenna with wide impedance bandwidth and monopolar radiation pattern for indoor wireless communication is proposed and analyzed in this paper. The antenna is a combination of circular patch and four capacitive feeds. By incorporating a cross-connected shorted conducting strip over the circular patch, the proposed antenna provides an enhanced impedance width of 65.4%, ranging from 1.46 to 2.88 GHz. Four capacitive feeds improve the design flexibility and make the ripple of horizontal radiation pattern less than 3 dB. A prototype of the proposed structure has been fabricated and measured. Both the simulated and measured results show that the proposed design has a stable monopolar radiation pattern over a wideband frequency range and a peak gain of 5.0 dBi, which can be widely applied for indoor wireless communication such as GSM1800, CDMA2000, WCDMA, and TD-LTE systems.

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17

Lei Ge and Kwai-Man Luk. "Frequency-Reconfigurable Low-Profile Circular Monopolar Patch Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 7 (July 2014): 3443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2014.2318077.

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18

Lee, Kim, and Pyo. "Mesh-Grounded Monopolar Hexagonal Microstrip Antenna for Artillery-Launched Observation Round." Electronics 8, no. 11 (November 3, 2019): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8111279.

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This paper presents a novel low-profile microstrip antenna with an omnidirectional radiation pattern for an artillery-launched observation round. The proposed antenna consists of one centered hexagonal patch for a feeding network and six periodic arrays of a trapezoid patch for a radiator. The trapezoid patch is equal to a half-sized hexagonal patch based on geometrical symmetry. A gap-coupled one-hexagonal patch and six trapezoid patches are supported on a nonfundamental TM02 mode for vertically polarized omnidirectional radiation patterns. In addition, a meshed ground structure for the proposed antenna is employed to improve the impedance bandwidth. The thin metal wires that are formed by the meshed ground structure yield six trapezoid slot arrays for the feeding network and three triangular slot arrays for the radiator on the ground plane. To verify the feasibility of the meshed ground structure, the mesh width, denoted by w, was investigated theoretically and optimized carefully to enlarge the impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna. Finally, the proposed antenna, with a mesh width of 0.2 mm, successfully demonstrated excellent monopolar radiation at a resonant frequency of 5.84 GHz, a realized gain of 5.27 dBi, and an impedance bandwidth of 452 MHz from 5.583 GHz to 6.035 GHz with respect to 7.78% at a center frequency of 5.809 GHz.

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19

Zhang, Yuanyuan, Juhua Liu, Zhixi Liang, and Yunliang Long. "A Wide-Bandwidth Monopolar Patch Antenna with Dual-Ring Couplers." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/980120.

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A new center-fed circular patch antenna with two coupled annular rings is presented. When the two annular rings are coupled properly, a wide band from 5.45 GHz to 7.16 GHz is achieved with a monopole-like radiation pattern. Measured results show that the antenna with a low profile of 0.027 wavelengths (at 5.45 GHz) has a bandwidth of 27.1% and a measured maximum gain of 6 dBi. The radiation pattern is omnidirectional and remains relatively stable within the operating band.

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20

Lau, K. L., P. Li, and K. M. Luk. "A monopolar patch antenna with very wide impedance bandwidth." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 53, no. 2 (February 2005): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2004.841322.

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21

Lau, Ka-Leung, Pei Li, and Kwai-Man Luk. "A monopolar patch antenna with very wide impedance bandwidth." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 53, no. 3 (March 2005): 1004–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2005.7542273.

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22

Lin, Siou-Jhen, and Jeen-Sheen Row. "Monopolar Patch Antenna With Dual-Band and Wideband Operations." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 56, no. 3 (March 2008): 900–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2008.917019.

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23

Han, T. Y., and C. Y. D. Sim. "Reconfigurable Monopolar Circular Patch Antenna for Wireless Communication Systems." Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 22, no. 5-6 (January 2008): 635–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156939308784159426.

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24

Nguyen-Trong, Nghia, Andrew Piotrowski, and Christophe Fumeaux. "A Frequency-Reconfigurable Dual-Band Low-Profile Monopolar Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 65, no. 7 (July 2017): 3336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2017.2702664.

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25

Tak, Jinpil, and Jaehoon Choi. "A flush-mounted monopolar patch antenna for UAV applications." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 59, no. 5 (March 27, 2017): 1202–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.30501.

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26

Dai, Xi-Wang, Tao Zhou, and Guan-Feng Cui. "Dual-Band Microstrip Circular Patch Antenna With Monopolar Radiation Pattern." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15 (2016): 1004–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2015.2490079.

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27

Paramayudha, Ken, Shengjian Jammy Chen, Thomas Kaufmann, Withawat Withayachumnankul, and Christophe Fumeaux. "Triple-Band Reconfigurable Low-Profile Monopolar Antenna With Independent Tunability." IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and Propagation 1 (2020): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojap.2020.2977662.

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28

Tak, Jinpil, Do-Gu Kang, and Jaehoon Choi. "A compact dual-band monopolar patch antenna using TM01and TM41modes." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 58, no. 7 (April 23, 2016): 1699–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.29889.

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29

Lau, K. L., P. Lei, and K. M. Luk. "Errata to “A Monopolar Patch Antenna With Very Wide Impedance Bandwidth”." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 53, no. 7 (July 2005): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2005.853179.

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30

Juhua Liu, Shaoyong Zheng, Yuanxin Li, and Yunliang Long. "Broadband Monopolar Microstrip Patch Antenna With Shorting Vias and Coupled Ring." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 13 (2014): 39–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2013.2295686.

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31

Azaro, R., F. De Natale, M. Donelli, E. Zeni, and A. Massa. "Synthesis of a Prefractal Dual-Band Monopolar Antenna for GPS Applications." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 5 (2006): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2006.880695.

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32

Sun, Jie, and Kwai‐Man Luk. "Miniature water monopolar patch antenna using transparent high‐permittivity liquid substrate." Electronics Letters 56, no. 10 (May 2020): 475–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2020.0159.

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33

Wang, Quanxin, Zhongxiang Shen, and Erping Li. "Modal-Expansion Analysis of Multiple Monopole Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/76930.

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The modal-expansion method is employed to analyze an array of multiple monopole antennas. A perfectly conducting plate is introduced at the top of the monopole array to facilitate the modal-expansion analysis. Expansion coefficients in the field expressions are found by enforcing continuity conditions of the tangential field components across the regional surfaces. Cylindrical function's addition theorem is employed to realize the transformation of field expressions in different coordinate systems. Numerical results for theS-parameters of a two-monopole antenna are presented and they are in good agreement with experimental ones. Also examined is the effect of the distance between two monopoles on the antenna's mutual coupling and radiation pattern. A four-monopole antenna is studied for its beam-steering capability and simulated results for its radiation properties are compared with those obtained by high frequency structure simulator (HFSS).

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34

Zhang, H., R. Chantalat, F. Torres, M. Thevenot, T. Monediere, and B. Jecko. "Low-Profile Array of Wire Patch Antennas." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2009 (2009): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/830931.

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A low-profile antenna over a ground plane that radiates a directive lobe in the end fire direction is described in this paper. An array of 16 wire patch antenna (WPA) fed by an integrated 16 ways power divider has been designed. Owing to its low height, low cost, high robustness, and monopolar radiation pattern, the WPA has been chosen as unit cell of the array that must be placed on the vehicle roof. A gain higher than 18.9 dB was achieved in the end fire direction over a 4.5% bandwidth. However, the antenna has been tilted in order to compensate the beam deviation caused by the edge diffraction. Moreover, a vertical metallic plane has been inserted to eliminate the back fire radiation. Its position and the disposition of the WPAs are explained in this paper. A prototype with four elements has been manufactured in order to validate the antenna principle. A gain difference lower than 0.5 dB is achieved between the measurements and the simulations.

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35

Dogusgen, Erbas. "Sustainable dual-band microstrip patch antenna with paper-based substrate and aluminum for multipoint distribution systems and WiMAX application." Thermal Science 26, Spec. issue 2 (2022): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci22s2753d.

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In this study, a microstrip patch antenna design with a U-shaped patch and a paper-based substrate is presented. Metallic parts such as the patch, ground plane and microstrip line feed are designed in aluminum. Utilization of recyclable paper and aluminum yields a sustainable and environmentally friendly design. The dual-band antenna operates between 1.950-2.125 GHz and 2.650-2.825 GHz with a bandwidth of 0.175 GHz for both frequency ranges. It is suitable for multipoint distribution systems (2.076-2.111 GHz) and WiMAX application (2.700-2.800 GHz). Monopolar radiation patterns are obtained for the operation frequencies of both frequency ranges. Maximum gain values are 5.009 dBi and 5.413 dBi for the operation frequencies of multipoint distribution systems and WiMAX application, respectively. While the antenna can be used indoors and outdoors, radome design is not considered in the structure. No parasitic elements or slots are included in the antenna. All simulations are carried out by using AN-SYS HFSS software package.

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36

Ren, Junyi, Shuxi Gong, and Wen Jiang. "Low-RCS Monopolar Patch Antenna Based on a Dual-Ring Metamaterial Absorber." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 17, no. 1 (January 2018): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2017.2776978.

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37

Lau, K. L., and K. M. Luk. "A wide-band monopolar wire-patch antenna for indoor base station applications." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 4 (2005): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2005.847432.

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38

Ray, K. P. "Design Aspects of Printed Monopole Antennas for Ultra-Wide Band Applications." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2008 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/713858.

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This paper presents the design equations for lower band-edge frequency for all the regular shapes of printed monopole antennas with various feed positions. The length of the feed transmission line is a critical design parameter of these monopole antennas. Design curves for the length of the feed transmission line for various lower band-edge frequencies for all these regular shaped monopoles have been generated. A systematic study has been presented to explain the ultra-wide bandwidth obtained from these antennas with an example of elliptical monopole antenna.

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39

Azaro, R., F. Viani, L. Lizzi, E. Zeni, and A. Massa. "A Monopolar Quad-Band Antenna Based on a Hilbert Self-Affine Prefractal Geometry." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 8 (2009): 177–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2008.2001428.

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40

Liu, Juhua, Quan Xue, Hang Wong, Hau Wah Lai, and Yunliang Long. "Design and Analysis of a Low-Profile and Broadband Microstrip Monopolar Patch Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 61, no. 1 (January 2013): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2214996.

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41

Liu, Le, Yuan-Ming Cai, Luyu Zhao, Yingzeng Yin, and Wei Hu. "A multi-mode wideband omnidirectional monopolar patch antenna for indoor wireless communication systems." International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 27, no. 9 (June 22, 2017): e21137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mmce.21137.

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42

Chan, C. H., T. K. Lee, and W. S. Chan. "Printed UWB pellet-shape microstrip-fed monopolar antenna for 3.1 to 17 GHz." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 50, no. 2 (February 2008): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.23128.

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43

IBRAHIM, NUR. "Pendeteksian Lokasi Sumber Noise (Partial Discharge) secara Tiga Dimensi menggunakan Antenna Array." ELKOMIKA: Jurnal Teknik Energi Elektrik, Teknik Telekomunikasi, & Teknik Elektronika 3, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/elkomika.v3i2.106.

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ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini akan dilakukan simulasi teknik pendeteksian lokasi sumber noise berupa partial discharge (PD) pada peralatan tegangan tinggi, dengan menggunakan susunan antena yang terdiri dari empat buah antena monopole sebagai sensor untuk mendeteksi gelombang elektromagnetik (EM) yang dipancarkan dari partial discharge (PD). Algoritma yang digunakan mengacu kepada time difference of arrival (TDOA) dari sinyal yang diterima antar antena (dengan menjadikan salah satu antena sebagai antena referensi). Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan TDOA adalah metode Akaike Information Criterion, metode Energy Criterion, metode Gabor Centroid, metode threshold detection, metode peak detection, dan metode cross-correlation. Sistem pendeteksian lokasi sumber noise ini menggunakan konfigurasi susunan antena membentuk Y. Jarak antar antena diatur sejauh 2 meter dan 4 meter. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan analisis, konfigurasi susunan antena membentuk Y memiliki tingkat akurasi 97.67%. Metode yang paling akurat untuk menentukan TDOA adalah metode cross-correlation.Kata kunci: PD, TDOA, susunan antena.ABSTRACTThis paper presents a simulation of locating noise source (Partial Discharge) on high-voltage apparatuses, by using antenna array that consisted of four monopole antennas as sensor to record the electromagnetic waves (EM) emitted from Partial Discharge (PD). The detection algorithm is based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the signals received between antennas (by using one of four antennas as reference antenna). The methods to determine TDOAs are Akaike Information Criterion method, Energy Criterion method, Gabor Centroid method, threshold detection method, peak detection method, and/or cross-correlation method. These system use Y-shaped array configuration. The adjusted distance between antennas are 2 meter and 4 meter. From the observation and analysis results, Y-shaped array antenna configuration has accuracy 97.76%. The best method to get TDOA is the cross-correlation method.Keywords: PD, TDOA, antenna array.

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44

Fedorov, Vladimir M., Mikhail V. Efanov, Vasiliy Ye Ostashev, Vladimir P. Tarakanov, and Aleksander V. Ul’yanov. "Antenna Array with TEM-Horn for Radiation of High-Power Ultra Short Electromagnetic Pulses." Electronics 10, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091011.

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An antenna array with short shielded transverse electromagnetic horns (S-TEM-horns) for emitting high-power radiation of ultra-short electromagnetic pulses (USEMP) has been created and researched. The antenna unit consists of an ultra-wideband antenna array with four S-TEM horns, with each connected to a two-wire HF transmission line, and these four lines are connected to an antenna feeder. This feeder is connected to a semiconductor generator with the following parameters: a 50 Ohm connector, 10–100 kV high-voltage monopolar pulses, a rise time of about 0.1 ns, FWHM = 0.2–1 ns, and pulse repetition rates of 1–100 kHz. The antenna array was designed and optimized to achieve a high efficiency of about 100% for the antenna aperture by using a 2 × 2 array with S-TEM-horns, with shielding rectangular plates for the return current. The transient responses were studied by simulation using the electromagnetic 3D code “KARAT” at the time domain and experimentally with the use of our stripline sensor for measurement of the impulse electrical field with a 0.03 ns rise time and a 7 ns duration at the traveling wave. The radiators were emitting USEMP waves with a hyperband frequency spectrum of 0.1–6 GHz. The radiation with an amplitude of 5–30 kV/m of the E-field strength at a distance of up to 20 m was successfully applied to test the electronics for immunity to electromagnetic interference.

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45

Michishita, Naobumi, Woo-Jin Kim, and Yoshihide Yamada. "Broadband feeding structure for composite right/left- handed leaky wave antenna with monopolar radiation." IEICE Communications Express 2, no. 10 (2013): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.2.466.

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46

Bag, Biplab, Priyabrata Biswas, Sushanta Biswas, Partha Pratim Sarkar, and Dibyendu Ghoshal. "Novel Monopole Microstrip Antennas for GPS, WiMAX and WLAN Applications." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 29, no. 03 (May 29, 2019): 2050050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126620500504.

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In this paper, two novel low-profile monopole antennas are presented for simultaneous operation in GPS (Global Positioning System), WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) and WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) applications. The antennas constitute of a T-shaped microstrip feed line and directly coupled strips to generate multiple bands. The proposed antennas are printed on one side of a low-cost FR4 epoxy substrate and partial ground plane (metal plane is etched partially) are fabricated on the other side of the substrate. The overall dimension of antenna is [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mm3. Measured results show that the antenna1 (quad band) covers the four distinct operating bands of 320[Formula: see text]MHz (2.17–2.49[Formula: see text]GHz), 190[Formula: see text]MHz (3.31–3.50[Formula: see text]GHz), 270[Formula: see text]MHz (5.18–5.45[Formula: see text]GHz) and 700[Formula: see text]MHz (5.5–6.20[Formula: see text]GHz). Antenna2 (penta band) covers the frequency bands of 1.29–1.98[Formula: see text]GHz (center frequency 1.61[Formula: see text]GHz), 2.78–2.91[Formula: see text]GHz (center frequency 2.83[Formula: see text]GHz), 3.59–3.94[Formula: see text]GHz (center frequency 3.75[Formula: see text]GHz), 5.15–5.33[Formula: see text]GHz (center frequency 5.24[Formula: see text]GHz) and 5.39–6.06[Formula: see text]GHz (center frequency 5.56[Formula: see text]GHz). The detail antenna design and parametric analyses are discussed in steps. The characteristic of radiation pattern and gain are measured. The measured and simulated results are in good agreement. The antennas are designed using a simulation software HFSS v.15.

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47

Chen, Xiaodong, Jianxin Liang, Pengcheng Li, and Choo C. Chiau. "UWB Electric and Magnetic Monopole Antennas." African Journal of Information & Communication Technology 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2006): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajict.v2i1.6.

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This paper summarizes our recent advances in antenna designs for ultra wideband (UWB) applications. Two types of monopoles are studied and developed in our research group. The first type belongs to the electric monopole with a circular disc fed by three different feeding structures. The second type is the magnetic monopole with an elliptical slot. The performances of these two types of antennas are evaluated in both frequency and time domains. The important design parameters for achieving optimal operations are also analyzed. It is shown that both electric and magnetic monopoles can provide ultra wide bandwidth with nearly omni-directional radiation patterns over the entire frequency band. In addition, the impulse responses of the selected antennas are shown to correspond well to the frequency domain characteristics.

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48

Azaro, R., G. Boato, M. Donelli, A. Massa, and E. Zeni. "Design of a Prefractal Monopolar Antenna for 3.4-3.6 GHz Wi-Max Band Portable Devices." IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 5 (2006): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2006.872427.

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49

Mehdipour, Aidin, Tayeb A. Denidni, and Abdel-Razik Sebak. "Multi-Band Miniaturized Antenna Loaded by ZOR and CSRR Metamaterial Structures With Monopolar Radiation Pattern." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 62, no. 2 (February 2014): 555–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2013.2290791.

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50

Palantei, Elyas, Arif Hidayat, Wardi Wardi, Intan Sari Areni, Sunarno Sunarno, Eko Setijadi, Dewiani Jamaluddin, et al. "6 Monopole Elements Array Intelligent Antennas for IoT Based Environmental Surveillance Network." EPI International Journal of Engineering 3, no. 2 (January 22, 2021): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25042/epi-ije.082020.06.

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Three types of 6 monopoles array intelligent antennas was numerically and practically examined. The main purposes of the investigation is to guarantee that those designed antennas are feasible to implement and to install in a particular IoT based environmental surveillance network configuration. The basic differences of the three intelligent antennas lied on the frequency operations (i.e. 433 MHz, 875-915 MHz and 2.5 GHz) and the actual environment operations (whether for indoor or outdoor). The extreme differences of such frequency operations, of course, affecting the differences on the whole antenna physical dimension. The higher the frequency operation determined then the smaller the physical size of the designed antennas produced. However, the deep intelligent antenna evaluations presented in the paper is the one that operated on frequency band of 875 -915 MHz. The intelligent electronic part of six monopole wire elements arrayed on a circular ground plate was composed of LoRa chip module, Android Uno microcontroller, and the switching network part. The three parts determined whole antenna operation throughout the IoT network. The results of whole antenna examinations are thoroughly discussed in the paper.

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