Дисертації: "Monolithics"

1

Sachse, Alexander. "Synthèses de microréacteurs à base de monolithes siliciques et zéolithiques à porosité hiérarchique pour le développement de la catalyse en flux." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0006/document.

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L'objectif de ce travail est la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation de monolithes siliciques à porosité hiérarchique et leur utilisation en tant que microréacteur en catalyse sous flux. Une synthèse reproductible de monolithes siliciques a été mise à point. La fonctionnalisation avec une variété de fonctions a été réalisée, telle que la fonctionnalisation avec des groupements aminopropyle, avec de l'oxyde d'aluminium, par incorporation des MOFs (CuBTC) et par dépôt de nanoparticules de palladium. Les monolithes fonctionnalisés ont été testés en tant que microréacteurs catalytiques sous flux pour les réactions de Knoevenagel, de Diels-Alder et de Friedländer et montrent dans plusieurs cas une augmentation de la productivité des réactions par rapport aux réacteurs batch ou à lit fixe ainsi qu'une automatisation des procédés. La transformation pseudomorphique de monolithes siliciques en monolithes zéolithiques en phase SOD et LTA a été mise a point. Nous avons ainsi montré la première utilisation d'un monolithe macroporeux à base de zéolithes en tant que microréacteur pour la synthèse de produits de chimie fine en continu. Les monolithes zéolithiques ont aussi été analysés pour l'échange d'ions en dynamique et sont prometteurs pour une application en tant que matériaux pour la décontamination d'effluents radioactifs
The aim of this work is the synthesis and the functionalization of silica monoliths with hierarchical porosity and their use as catalytic microreactors for flow-through chemistry. A reproducible synthesis of the silica monoliths was elaborated. The functionalization with a variety of functions has been performed, such as aminopropyl groups, aluminium oxide, MOFs (CuBTC), and palladium nanoparticles. These functionalized silica monoliths have been used for the Knoevenagel condensation, Diels-Alder reaction and Fiedländer reaction, where they show increasing productivities compared to classically used reactors (batch, packed-bed) and enable process automation. The pseudomorphic transformation of silica monoliths in zeolite monoliths in the SOD and LTA phase has been elaborated. We have preformed the first implementation of a macroporous zeolite monolith as microreactor for the fine chemical production in flow continuous conditions. The zeolite monoliths have been tested for dynamic ion exchange and are promising materials for the use as decontaminants of radioactive discharges

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2

Månsdotter, Matilda. "Monolithic Living." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-223636.

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3

Arnold, Peter Thomas. "A monolithic biosensor." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307060.

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4

Rabjohn, Gordon G. (Gordon Glen) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Monolithic microwave transformers." Ottawa, 1991.

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5

Pereira, Carlos M., and Craig D. Sandberg. "MONOLITHIC MINIATURIZED TELEMETRY SYSTEM." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608867.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
This paper describes developments in miniature, high shock telemetry at ARDEC using monolithic millimeter wave integrated circuit (MMIC) technology. Telemetry systems using this technology have been fabricated and gun tested at 60,000 g's with excellent results. Efforts to develop rugged telemetry systems to support testing at very high "G" levels have been underway since 1984. The initial effort was targeted at developing rugged telemetry instrumentation to engineer high performance munitions such as the 105mm and the 120mm Armor Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) which produce very high in-bore accelerations. The initial result demonstrated circuit stability and operation during very high accelerations (60,000 g's). A second phase was launched to develop a telemetry system consisting of an FM multiplex, a summing amplifier and a transmitter. These efforts demonstrated that telemetry data could be transmitted during acceleration thrust, through the ionized gases and could provide the real time projectile performance data. This paper presents the results of the work done to date and the potential for broad application in families of high performance munitions systems throughout the testing community.

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6

Said, Bilel. "Elaboration de monolithes zéolithiques à porosité hiérarchique pour le piégeage des ions strontium et césium en flux continu." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS079/document.

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L’objectif de cette thèse est la mise en œuvre de matériaux monolithiques à porosité hiérarchique pour le piégeage en continu des ions strontium et césium contenus dans des eaux de rejet de l’industrie nucléaire. Les zéolithes LTA et FAU-X sont connus pour piéger sélectivement ces cations, respectivement. Ce travail concerne d’une part la synthèse de matériaux, et d’autre part, leur utilisation en échange ionique. Nous avons d’abord optimisé la synthèse de monolithes siliciques à porosité hiérarchique méso/macroporeux qui constituent notre matériau de départ et qui présentent d’excellentes propriétés de transport. Nous avons ensuite développé la synthèse de monolithes zéolithiques par transformation pseudomorphique des monolithes de silice. L’étude des temps et températures de mûrissement et de cristallisation, a permis de suivre et de contrôler les processus de nucléation et de croissance des cristaux de zéolithes dans le squelette des monolithes. Des monolithes de zéolithe A avec un squelette formé de nanoparticules de 100 nm dans le cœur et de 400 nm en surface ont été obtenus, donnant des monolithes LTA à porosité hiérarchique trimodale (micro-/méso-/macroporeux). Des monolithes mixtes LTA/FAU micro/macroporeux ont également été obtenus. Des monolithes purement FAU-X ont été synthétisés mais s’effritent. Les monolithes LTA et LTA/FAU ont été utilisés en échange ionique en flux continu pour la capture du Sr2+ et celle simultanée du Cs+ et du Sr2+, respectivement. Les monolithes LTA à porosité hiérarchique trimodale ont montré des performances remarquables pour la capture du Sr2+ avec des courbes de percée presque idéales. L’ajout de la mésoporosité dans les monolithes LTA a permis un accès plus rapide aux sites d’échange de la zéolithe et ainsi d’augmenter le débit des solutions en maintenant un piégeage total. Les premiers résultats concernant l’utilisation des monolithes LTA/FAU pour la capture simultanée Sr2+/Cs+ sont encourageant et sont à améliorer en créant de la mésoporosité dans ces monolithes pour accroître leur vitesse d’échange en flux continu
The aim of this thesis is the implementation of monolithic materials with hierarchical porosity for trapping strontium and caesium ions from nuclear wastewater in continuous flow. LTA and FAU-X zeolites are known to selectively trap these cations, respectively. This work is focused on the materials synthesis and their application in cation-exchange. We first optimized the synthesis of silica monoliths with hierarchical porosity meso-/macroporous that constitute our starting material and which have excellent mass-transfer properties. Then, we developed the synthesis of zeolite monoliths by pseudomorphic transformation of silica monoliths. Aging and crystallization times and temperatures were studied to follow and control the processes of nucleation and crystal growth of the zeolites in the skeleton of the monoliths. Zeolite A monoliths with skeleton featuring 100 nm nanoparticles in the core and 400 nm in the shell were obtained, giving rise to LTA monoliths with trimodal hierarchical porosity (micro-/meso-/macropores). Mixed LTA/FAU zeolite monoliths featuring micro-/macropores were also synthesized. Pure FAU-X monoliths were obtained, but were very fragile and crushed. Na-LTA and Na-LTA/FAU monoliths were used in cation-exchange in continuous flow processes to capture from aqueous solutions Sr2+ and simultaneously Cs+ and Sr2+, respectively. LTA monoliths with trimodal hierarchical porosity have shown outstanding performance for the capture of Sr2+ with almost ideal breakthrough curves. The addition of mesoporosity in LTA monoliths has enabled faster access to the exchange sites of the zeolite and has allowed to increase the flow rate of the process. First results obtained with LTA/FAU monoliths for simultaneous Sr2+/Cs+ capture are encouraging and must be improved by adding mesoporosity in these monoliths to increase their cation-exchange rate to be used in rapid continuous flow processes

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7

Yakimov, Audrey-Olga. "Processing of fibrous monolithic ceramics." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0020/NQ45653.pdf.

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8

Dhirhe, Devnath. "Monolithic tuneable quantum cascade lasers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4604/.

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This thesis is concerned with the design, fabrication and characterisation of monolithic tuneable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), which are suitable for tuneable diode laser based absorption spectroscopy and polarisation dependent spectroscopy in the mid-infrared wavelength range. All investigations and device development work were carried out using the QCL structure based on strain-compensated Ga0.331In0.669As/Al0.659In0.341As grown on an InP substrate that emits light around 4500 nm wavelength. To make the QCLs electrically tuned, two laser designs were investigated: the double ring quantum cascade laser based on the Vernier-tuning effect, and the integrated tuneable birefringent waveguide utilising current controlled birefringence in quantum-wells. The key advantage of the Vernier tuning effect based the double ring laser design is that it can facilitate both a single mode and wide-tuning range operation. The Vernier tuning enhancement factor associated with the coupled waveguide is responsible for a wide-tuning range observed in double ring configuration. However, the tuning range is limited by the available gain bandwidth (i.e. FWHM of spontaneous spectra) in the material and the maximum obtainable index change of the tuner ring. Theoretically, the tuning range of 155 nm was estimated for the double ring quantum cascade laser (DRQCL) design employed in this thesis. However, experimentally, a single mode (~19 dB single sideband suppression ratio) and tuning range of 59 nm which covers almost half the bandwidth were observed. For the first time in the history of the QCL, a research into the design, fabrication and characterisation of integrated polarisation mode convertors (PMCs) has been carried out. The PMC design is based upon etching trenches, using the RIE lag effect, of sub-wavelength dimensions into one side of a waveguide in order to achieve an asymmetric cross-sectional profile, resulting in a waveplating effect. This thesis presents such PMCs integrated with QCLs that emit 69% TE light with the polarisation angle of 65 degree from one facet and a pure TM light emitted from the other facet using a 256 μm long PMC design (design D2). An integrated tunable birefringent waveguide (ITBW) consisting of two PMCs with a differential phase shift (DPS) section between them. To probe the birefringence operation, a sub-threshold electroluminescence was employed to investigate the single pass operation of the ITBW. A theory based on the electro-optic properties of birefringence in QCL waveguides was used combined with a Jones-matrix based description to gain an understanding of the electroluminescence results. With the QCL operating above threshold, polarisation and wavelength tuning of the signal output was demonstrated. By comparing the sub-threshold electroluminescence and active polarisation angle measurement result with the Jones matrix model, the material birefringence (no DPS current), 4n, was estimated to be around 0.005 for the QCL employed in this work. However, single mode emission was not observed and 24 nm discontinuous tuning was recorded. Despite this, using a QCL incorporating an ITBW device, active polarisation control over 45 degree was demonstrated, and currently, to the best of the authors knowledge there has been no other QCL device that is capable of electronically controlling the output polarisation.

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9

Li, Yuan-Yao. "Air separation with monolithic adsorbents." Thesis, University of Bath, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242787.

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10

Sebag, J., W. Gressler, M. Liang, D. Neill, C. Araujo-Hauck, J. Andrew, G. Angeli, et al. "LSST primary/tertiary monolithic mirror." SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622513.

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At the core of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) three-mirror optical design is the primary/tertiary (M1M3) mirror that combines these two large mirrors onto one monolithic substrate. The M1M3 mirror was spin cast and polished at the Steward Observatory Mirror Lab at The University of Arizona (formerly SOML, now the Richard F. Caris Mirror Lab at the University of Arizona (RFCML)). Final acceptance of the mirror occurred during the year 2015 and the mirror is now in storage while the mirror cell assembly is being fabricated. The M1M3 mirror will be tested at RFCML after integration with its mirror cell before being shipped to Chile.

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11

SUN, JING. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL MONOLITHIC MEMS COIL." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1067624824.

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12

Sandhu, Muhammad Yameen. "Monolithic integrated ceramic waveguide filters." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/7489/.

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Design techniques for a new class of monolithic integrated high permittivity ceramic rectangular waveguide microwave filters are presented in this thesis. These filters enable a size reduction of 50 % as compared to air filled coaxial resonator filters with the same unloaded Q-factor. Initially, an integrated ceramic rectangular waveguide resonator structure is investigated. It consists of a metal plated high permittivity ceramic rectangular block with Q-factor comparable to transverse electromagnetic (TEM) coaxial resonator but in a much miniaturised volume with good out of band spurious performance. The three dimensional finite element method (FEM) electromagnetic solver HFSSTM is used to analyse the resonant modes, Q-factor and field patterns of the ceramic waveguide resonator. High performance Chebyshev and generalised Chebyshev monolithic integrated ceramic rectangular waveguide filters are designed to meet the stringent electrical requirement for cellular radio base station. Inter-resonator couplings are achieved by placing various through and blind holes in the broad dimension of the waveguide. In the generalised chebyshev filter, both negative and positive cross couplings are introduced to achieve transmission zeros on both sides of the passband. Metal tuning screws are added to the generalised chebyshev design to correct any practical imperfections. The ceramic waveguide filters are excited through coaxial probes placed at the centre of the broad wall of the external resonators. An integrated ceramic rectangular waveguide diplexer design is also presented to be used at mobile base station front end to replace an existing TEM diplexer without degrading electrical performance in a much miniaturised volume. The both filters and the common junction of the diplexer consist of single metal coated ceramic block with various blind and through holes to realize a complex coupling scheme. Finally a low pass ceramic corrugated waveguide filter design is presented to be used along with diplexer at cellular base station to achieve very wide spurious free out of band bandwidth. The miniaturisation techniques discussed in this thesis will provide overall cost reduction for cellular communication systems requiring low loss narrowband bandpass filters.

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13

Öjefors, Erik. "Integrated Antennas : Monolithic and Hybrid Approaches." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Engineering Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7142.

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This thesis considers integration of antennas and active electronics manufactured on the same substrate. The main topic is on-chip antennas for commercial silicon processes, but hybrid integration using printed circuit board technology is also addressed.

The possible use of micromachining techniques as a means of reducing substrate losses of antennas manufactured on low resistivity silicon wafers is investigated. Compact dipole, loop, and inverted-F antennas for the 20-40 GHz frequency range are designed, implemented, and characterized. The results show significantly improved antenna efficiency when micromachining is used as a post-processing step for on-chip antennas manufactured in silicon technology.

High resistivity wafers are used in a commercial silicon germanium technology to improve the efficiency of dipole antennas realized using the available circuit metal layers in the process. Monolithically integrated 24 GHz receivers with on-chip antennas are designed and evaluated with regard to antenna and system performance. No noticeable degradation of the receiver performance caused by cross talk between the antenna and the integrated circuit is observed.

For low frequency antenna arrays, such as base station antennas, hybrid integration of active devices within the antenna aperture is treated. A compact varactor based phase shifter for traveling wave antenna applications is proposed and evaluated. Electrically steerable traveling wave patch antenna arrays, with the phase shifters implemented in the same conductor layer as the radiating elements, are designed and manufactured in microstrip technology. It is experimentally verified that the radiation from the feed network and phase shifters in the proposed antenna configuration is small.

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14

Öjefors, Erik. "Integrated antennas : monolithic and hybrid approaches /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7142.

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15

Furst, Sandor. "Monolithic integration of semiconductor ring lasers." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2008. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/447/.

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The interest in semiconductor ring lasers (SRLs) has been steadily growing in the last few years because of several unique properties such as ultrafast directional bistability, stable single mode operation and potential for integration. However, most of the mode dynamical behavior as well as the optimum device design are still far from a complete understanding. This thesis reports on the design, technological development and characterization of SRLs emitting at 1.55 um, which are monolithically integrated with a number of other optical elements such as tunable couplers, optical amplifiers, Bragg reflectors and distributed feedback lasers (DFBs). A detailed analysis on the device design is presented with particular emphasis on its robustness with respect to fabrication tolerances and to the optical feedback from the output waveguides. The complete processing technology is developed with a focus on selective dry etching to achieve very accurate control of the waveguide bending losses. Three completely novel and monolithically integrated SRL devices are fabricated and characterized. The first is a master-slave device based on the monolithic integration of an SRL with a DFB that shows highly efficient cavity enhanced four-wave mixing up to detuning frequencies of 1.5 THz. In a second geometry, a Bragg reflector defined on one of the output waveguides selects the lasing mode of the SRL. The device shows world-record wavelength switching speeds as low as 450 ps and strong immunity to thermal fluctuations of the grating. The third device is an SRL with tunable couplers for active Q-switching applications. Pulses as short as 120 ps at a repetition rate of 1.8 GHz are obtained by injecting only a few mA of current into the tuning section.

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16

Lohith, Penmetsa Neela. "Monolithic 3D integration of asynchronous systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53113.

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The goal of this thesis is to study the impact of 3D integration on asynchronous circuits and explore the benefits in power, performance and area compared to traditional two dimensional integration. To enable this study we develop a fully automated asynchronous design methodology and 3D integration flows for asynchronous circuits. This study is also a first one to explore the mutual benefits of asynchronous circuits and 3D integration.

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17

Tayrani, R. "GaAs monolithic control devices and circuits." Thesis, University of Kent, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376796.

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18

Loga, Rodney Izzat. "HBT/DHBTs for monolithic optoelectronic interfaces." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268719.

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19

Ferguson, D., D. Meyers, P. Gemmill, and C. Pereira. "A MONOLITHIC HIGH-G TELEMETRY TRANSMITTER." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/613752.

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International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 29-November 02, 1990 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada
Instrumentation for taking dynamic in-bore measurements during high accelerations typically has been limited to accelerations under 20,000 g’s. In munition development and testing, there is a need for telemetry instrumentation that can relay dynamic performance data at 100,000 g’s. This paper describes the development and testing of a stable, regulated, telemetry transmitter that has been successfully tested to 67,400 g’s.

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20

Fernandes, Telma Godinho Barroso Maciel. "Functional monolithic platforms for antibody purification." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11550.

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Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Química Sustentável
Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - contracts PEst-C/EQB/LA0006/2011, MIT-Pt/BS-CTRM/0051/2008, PTDC/EBB-BIO/102163/2008, PTDC/EBBBIO/ 098961/2008, PTDC/EBB-BIO/118317/2010 and doctoral grant SFRH/ BD/62475/2009, and Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian

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21

Owen, Mark. "Monolithic integration of optical space switches." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/24cce4d9-04e1-4363-843b-c0e24f547dea.

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22

Luo, Jiafu Psaltis Demetri. "Monolithic GaAs VLSI optoelectronic neuron arrays /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1996. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05012006-124513.

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23

McGee, Jonathan Adam. "Monolithic in-plane tunable optical filter." College Park, Md.: University of Maryland, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/8566.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2008.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering . Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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24

Rosenberg, Glenn Alan 1960. "Monolithic series connected solar cell array." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/276950.

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Single crystal silicon solar cells for use under high concentration sunlight presently exhibit the highest conversion efficiencies. The following paper represents further work done to improve the efficiency of crystalline silicon solar cells through improved design. Design features and processing to address the loss mechanisms encountered in silicon solar cells are discussed. An improved solar cell structure has resulted from this work along with a practical processing sequence. Experiments were performed to show the practicality of pattern formation on the walls of the V-groove structures using conventional photolithography and masking techniques. Also, new beam processing techniques are discussed to improve processing.

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25

Del'Haye, Pascal. "Optical Frequency Comb Generation in Monolithic Microresonators." Diss., lmu, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-130491.

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26

ElSayed, Ayman M. A. "Monolithic RF frequency synthesis for wireless communications." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0024/NQ51193.pdf.

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27

Eeltink, Sebastiaan. "Packed and monolithic capillary columns for LC." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2005. http://dare.uva.nl/document/79351.

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28

Munné, Vicente. "Monolithic structures formed from alumina hollow microspheres." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8636.

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29

Aga, Arshan. "Monolithic reconstruction filters for delta-sigma applications." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31042.

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Since the overall performance of the delta-sigma D/A converter is limited by the analog circuitry, the greatest design challenge when building the converter involves the implementation of the reconstruction filter. This thesis will cover the design and implementation of three monolithic reconstruction filters. The first is an audio band active-RC Butterworth filter which is realized using a leapfrog structure. The various issues related to this design are dealt with including design-for-testability circuitry and tuning circuitry. The next two filters are both implementations of a current steering semidigital FIR reconstruction filters. These implementations are meant to reveal an alternative approach to designing reconstruction filters which is simpler, consumes less silicon space and is more power efficient than the conventional analog filter approaches and the other semdigital FIR approaches. Furthermore, as will be shown in the second of the two semidigital filters, it offers the option of programmability with the addition of a minimal amount of unobtrusive digital circuitry.
The functionality of the design-far-testability circuitry incorporated in the active-RC filter will be validated experimentally. In addition, the current steering semidigital approach to designing reconstruction filters will be validated and the various pros and cons of such an approach will be examined.

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30

Dudek, Frank. "Investigation of monolithic transconductor-capacitor video-filters." Thesis, Staffordshire University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285307.

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31

Panth, Shreepad Amar. "Physical design methodologies for monolithic 3D ICs." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53542.

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The objective of this research is to develop physical design methodologies for monolithic 3D ICs and use them to evaluate the improvements in the power-performance envelope offered over 2D ICs. In addition, design-for-test (DfT) techniques essential for the adoption of shorter term through-silicon-via (TSV) based 3D ICs are explored. Testing of TSV-based 3D ICs is one of the last challenges facing their commercialization. First, a pre-bond testable 3D scan chain construction technique is developed. Next, a transition-delay-fault test architecture is presented, along with a study on how to mitigate IR-drop. Finally, to facilitate partitioning, a quick and accurate framework for test-TSV estimation is developed. Block-level monolithic 3D ICs will be the first to emerge, as significant IP can be reused. However, no physical design flows exist, and hence a monolithic 3D floorplanning framework is developed. Next, inter-tier performance differences that arise due to the not yet mature fabrication process are investigated and modeled. Finally, an inter-tier performance-difference aware floorplanner is presented, and it is demonstrated that high quality 3D floorplans are achievable even under these inter-tier differences. Monolithic 3D offers sufficient integration density to place individual gates in three dimensions and connect them together. However, no tools or techniques exist that can take advantage of the high integration density offered. Therefore, a gate-level framework that leverages existing 2D ICs tools is presented. This framework also provides congestion modeling and produces results that minimize routing congestion. Next, this framework is extended to commercial 2D IC tools, so that steps such as timing optimization and clock tree synthesis can be applied. Finally, a voltage-drop-aware partitioning technique is presented that can alleviate IR-drop issues, without any impact on the performance or maximum operating temperature of the chip.

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32

Elgaid, Khaled Ibrahim. "A Ka-Band GaAs MESFET monolithic downconverter." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1730/.

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The objective of the work of this thesis is to design, fabricate, and characterise a GaAs MESFET based monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) downconverter which operates at Ka-band frequency (35GHz). In the course of the project active and passive elements required for the MMIC were designed, fabricated, characterised and their equivalent circuit models extracted. Fabrication processes for passives, actives and MMIC were realised using mainly electron beam lithography (EBL) techniques. The main findings of this thesis were: Devices - Influence of gate recess offset on MESFETs The MESFETs were patterned by EBL and gate recessing was accomplished by selective dry etching. The influence of the gate recess offset on the small signal AC equivalent circuit, DC device characteristics, overall high frequency device performance, and low frequency noise behaviour of 0.2 m gate length GaAs MESFETs implemented in the low noise amplifier (LNA) circuit design in this thesis was investigated. Numerical simulations of the AC small signal equivalent circuit dependence were carried out in order to help understand the effects observed. Good qualitative agreement between measured and simulated response was obtained. - Schottky diodes The performance of Schottky-contact diodes used in the MMIC mixer were studied as a function of their geometry and processing conditions. Passives - CPW losses Losses in coplanar interconnect topologies (coplanar waveguide and slotline) using different metallisation processes were investigated. - CPW to slotline transitions A range of coplanar waveguide to slotline transitions required for the MMIC mixer were studied. Broadband performance with insertion loss of < 0.5dB per transition was observed. Transmission line models of the structures have been implemented to enable circuit performance to be predicted and designed to suit the application frequency. The effect of parasitic modes on transitions performance was also investigated.

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33

Yu, Zhengbo. "Monolithic and composite Li-#alpha#-sialon ceramics." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324806.

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34

Firth, Benjamin. "Biodiesel production in fixed-bed monolithic reactors." Thesis, University of Bath, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619245.

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The production of biodiesel by the transesterification reaction of glycerides (rapeseed oil) with methanol, in a continuous-flow fixed-bed catalytic reactor was explored. Based on data in the literature, lanthanum oxide and strontium oxide (SrO) catalyst systems were selected for this work. In preliminary experiments in a batch reactor (300 cm3; with 160 cm3 of oil), ceramic monoliths (61 cells cm-2; hydraulic cell diameter = 1.1 mm) acted as catalyst supports. At the conditions tested (T= 120ºC; P = 8 bar(g); molar ratio methanol:oil = 6:1), the monoliths coated with SrO (19.6 wt% SrO), were found to be sufficiently active to proceed to the continuous flow fixed-bed trials. A study of the solubility of methanol in oil, showed that in a pressurized autoclave at 100ºC, the methanol dissolved at a 6:1 molar ratio, and at 120ºC this increased up to 9:1, providing useful information for the design of a continuous flow reactor. The SrO slurry coated monolith was then tested in a single-tube fixed-bed reactor (i.d. = 6.2 mm; L = 200 mm). In experiments at a 7:1 molar ratio of methanol:oil, at T = 195 ºC, and P = 20 bar(g), although catalytic activity was cyclic in nature, it was maintained over a 300 h period (not continuous) of operation. This led to the performance of experiments in a multi-tubular reactor, which consisted of 5 tubes, connected in series (each tube with an i.d. = 22 mm; L = 550 mm). It was now possible to perform experiments with a longer overall length of monolith sections, and to take samples between each tube. Experiments were performed with a monolith bed length of 2300 mm and a molar ratio of methanol:oil = 7:1 (T = 150ºC, P = 15 bar(g)), with overall conversions ranging from 20 to 50%.

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35

Goswami, Sushmit. "Monolithic RF frontends for ubiquitous wireless connectivity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87920.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 137-144).
The desire for ubiquitous connectivity is pushing radios towards highly-integrated, multi-standard and multi-band implementations. This thesis explores architectures for next-generation RF frontends, which form the interface between the RF transceiver and antenna. RF frontend performance has important implications for the energy efficiency, frequency range and sensitivity of the radio. Ubiquitous connectivity requires bringing online previously unconnected, closed-circuit systems. Case in point, the recently ratified 802.11p standard targets wireless access in vehicular environments. The first part of this thesis presents an RF frontend for 802.11p applications. Gallium Nitride is used as an enabling technology platform for monolithic integration of high-power RF functions. A number of architectural techniques are proposed to enhance energy efficiency. Even in relatively mature use cases like smartphones, significant evolution is needed to address future needs. Emerging wireless standards specify dozens of bands covering several octaves for worldwide connectivity, which need to be supported with a single device. However, in current multi-band radio implementations, significant redundancy is still the norm in the RF frontend. In the second part of this thesis, an improved architecture for multi-band, time-division duplexed radios is introduced, which replaces multiple narrowband frontends with a frequency-agile solution, tunable over a wide frequency range. A highly digital architecture is adopted, leading to a fully integrated solution wherein both efficiency and achievable frequency range benefit from CMOS scaling.
by Sushmit Goswami.
Ph. D.

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36

Madsen, John (John David) Carleton University Dissertation Engineering Electrical. "Analysis of monolithic, fractional-n frequency synthesizers." Ottawa, 1992.

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37

Zah, Chung-en Rutledge David B. "Millimeter-wave monolithic Schottky diode imaging arrays /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1986. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-03112008-080410.

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38

De, Lisio Michael Peter Rutledge David B. Rutledge David B. "Hybrid and monolithic active quasi-optical grids /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1996. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-12132007-090419.

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39

Kelly, Daniel P. "Monolithic suspended optical waveguides for InP MOEMS." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/2941.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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40

Hofmann, Peter. "Monolithic Soft Glass Single Frequency Fiber Lasers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/268515.

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Envisioning novel fully monolithic fiber-optical devices, this dissertation investigates four fiber optical devices both, active and passive, that contribute to the goal of further integrating and miniaturizing fiber optics. An all phosphate glass fiber laser was designed in an effort to reduce laser intensity noise by reducing cavity losses and low mechanical strength that arise from intra-cavity fusion splices between silica fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) and phosphate active fiber in state of the art phosphate single frequency fiber lasers. Novel phosphate glass based FBGs have been fabricated utilizing high intensity laser pulses at 193 nm and a phase-mask. Net reflectivities of up to 70 % and a bandwidth of 50 pm have been achieved in the FBGs. The laser design comprised two of the novel FBGs and a short section of Er³⁺Yb³⁺ phosphate fiber to form a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser. The performance of the new laser has been compared to a conventional phosphate fiber laser. Particular focus was put on the laser intensity noise due to its dependence on intra-cavity losses. Relative intensity noise (RIN) amplitudes of -80 dB/Hz have been measured for both lasers when operating at comparable output powers. For similar levels of absorbed pump power the relaxation oscillation frequencies (ROF) were shifted towards lower frequencies in the new laser. ExcessFBG scattering losses and mode-field miss-match between the active and passive fiber limited the output power of the new laser to 16 mW compared to 140 mW in the conventional laser. A monolithic all-phosphate glass fiber laser with up to 550 mW output power that is operating at a single longitudinal mode and exhibiting narrow linewidth is presented. The laser cavity has been formed by inscribing FBGs directly into heavily Er³⁺Yb³⁺ doped phosphate glass fiber using femtosecond laser pulses and a phase mask, completely eliminating the need for intra-cavity fusion splices. A linewidth of less than 60 kHz and relaxation oscillation peak amplitudes below -100 dB/Hz without active suppression of RIN have been measured. The compact form factor and higher output power combined with the low noise and narrow linewidth characteristic make this laser an ideal candidate for ranging, interferometry and sensing applications. Strong and robust Bragg gratings in optical fiber fabricated from highly photosensitive photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass are demonstrated. The fibers were drawn at 900 °C from a machined PTR-glass preform. A low power two beam interference pattern from a continuous wave (cw) He-Cd laser with a wavelength of 325 nm was used to write gratings into the fibers, achieving peak grating strengths of 20 dB and a spectral width of 45 pm. The gratings showed no sign of degradation when exposed to a high temperature environment of 425 °C for several hours. This is significantly higher when compared to standard Telecom FBGs which are rated for operation temperatures below 200 °C. A detailed study of novel mode-field adapters (MFA) based on multi-mode interference in graded index multi-mode fibers (GIMF) is presented. MFAs are often used in cases when low coupling losses between single mode fibers with very different mode-field diameters are needed. Here a new type of MFAs has been fabricated and characterized from a selection of commercially available single mode and graded index fibers. Compared to existing techniques the presented MFAs can be fabricated very quickly and are not limited to certain fiber types. Insertion losses of 0:5 dB over a spectral range of several hundred nm have been obtained with an ultra compact MFA with a length of 275 μm.

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41

Akande, Wuraola. "Macroporous monolithic cryogels for extracorporeal medical devices." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2012. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/edee7477-1e0f-468c-aa28-ce649d2a1675.

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Cytapheresis is an extracorporeal separation technique widely used in medicine for elimination of specific classes of blood cells from circulating blood. It has been shown recently to have clinical efficacy in various disease states, such as leukaemia, autoimmune disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, renal allograft rejection and sickle–cell anaemia. There are two major methods of extracorporeal leukocyte removal therapy in use in the clinical field, these are the centrifugal method, and the adsorptive method with fibre or beads. Leukocytapheresis using the leukocyte filter Cellsorba and granulocytapheresis using an Adacolumn has been proven to reduce leukocyte load in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease, but still has major limitations of specificity and selectivity. An ideal extracorporeal technique with non-thrombogenic materials and selective adsorption matrix is still in demand. Extracorporeal separation techniques can be improved by a combination of properties, such as mechanical properties of the column, an appropriate porosity of the matrix, biocompatibility of the polymer and chemical modification of the surface by immobilization of a ligand with an affinity towards target molecules or cells.

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42

Weimer, Steven M. "Monoliths, an orchestral work." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1399624092.

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43

Topalli, Kagan. "A Monolithic Phased Array Using Rf Mems Technology." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608436/index.pdf.

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This thesis presents a novel monolithic phased array implemented using the RF MEMS technology. The structure, which is designed at 15 GHz, consists of four linearly placed microstrip patch antennas, 3-bit distributed RF MEMS low-loss phase shifters, and a corporate feed network. The RF MEMS phase shifter employed in the system consists of three sections with a total of 28 unit cells, and it occupies an area of 22.4 mm &
#61620
2.1 mm. The performance of the phase shifters is improved using high-Q metal-air-metal capacitors in addition to MEMS switches as loading elements on a high-impedance coplanar waveguide transmission line. The phased array is fabricated monolithically using an in-house surface micromachining process, where a 1.2-&
#61549
m thick gold structural layer is placed on a 500-µ
m thick glass substrate with a capacitive gap of 2 &
#61549
m. The fabrication process is simple, requires only 6 masks, and allows the implementation of various RF MEMS components on the same substrate, such as RF MEMS switches and phase shifters. The fabricated monolithic phased array occupies an area of only 6 cm &
#61620
5 cm. The measurement results show that the phase shifter can provide nearly 20&
#61616
/50&
#61616
/95&
#61616
phase shifts and their eight combinations at the expense of 1.5 dB average insertion loss at 15 GHz. The phase shifters can be actuated with 16 V, while dissipating negligible power due to its capacitive operation. It is also shown by measurements that the main beam can be steered to 4&
#61616
and 14&
#61616
by suitable settings of the RF MEMS phase shifters.

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44

Flygare, Robin, and Anthon Holmqvist. "Performance characteristics between monolithic and microservice-based systems." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för programvaruteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-14888.

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A new promising technology to face the problem of scalability and availability is the microservice architecture. The problem with this architecture is that there is no significant study that clearly proves the performance differences compared to the monolithic architecture. Our thesis aims to provide a more conclusive answer of how the microservice architecture differs performance wise compared to the monolithic architecture. In this study, we conducted several experiments on a self-developed microservice and monolithic system. We used JMeter to simulate users and after running the tests we looked at the latency, successful throughput for the tests and measured the RAM and CPU usage with Datadog. Results that were found, were that the microservice architecture can be more beneficial than the monolithic architecture. Docker was also proven to not have any negative impact on performance and computer cluster can improve performance. We have presented a conclusive answer that microservices can be better in some cases than a monolithic architecture.

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45

Macedo, José A. "Monolithic silicon receiver front-ends for portable radio." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0004/NQ32343.pdf.

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46

Danesh, Mina. "Monolithic inductors for silicon radio frequency integrated circuits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0007/MQ45607.pdf.

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47

Hafez, Amr N. "Low-noise monolithic frequency synthesizers for wireless transceivers." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0023/NQ51200.pdf.

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48

Malmqvist, Robert. "Tuneable recursive active monolithic microwave integrated circuit filters /." Linköping : Univ, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/tek698s.pdf.

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49

Eriksson, Urban. "Technologies for monolithic indium phosphide optoelectronic integrated circuits /." Stockholm, 1999. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs99/erik0623.pdf.

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50

Mokhtari, Mehran. "High frequency monolithic integrated circuits for communication systems /." Stockholm, 1998. http://www.lib.kth.se/abs98/mokh1218.pdf.

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