Готові списки джерел за темами / Monolithic Catalyst

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Monolithic Catalyst"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Monolithic Catalyst"

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Chen, Lei, Xiao Dong Zhang, Bao Feng Zhao, Guang Fan Meng, Hong Yu Si, and Min Xu. "Steam Reforming of Biomass Tar Model Compounds over Monolithic Catalysts." Advanced Materials Research 608-609 (December 2012): 374–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.608-609.374.

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Biomass tar was an inevitable by-product during biomass pyrolysis and gasification. The existence of biomass tar was a significant drawback for the use of biomass produced gases. At present, catalytic steam reforming was one of the most effective ways for tar conversion and elimination.In this paper, the coke-resistance Nickel-based monolithic catalyst and the Nickel-based monolithic catalyst were prepared, using cordierite as the catalyst carrier. Toluene and n-heptane were selected as two typical tar model compounds for the evaluation of catalyst performance in a fixed-bed reactor. The influences of temperature on the tar conversion efficiency were experimentally investigated. The results show that the two prepared monolithic catalysts have excellent performance for tar conversion. At 800°C, the conversion efficiency of toluene reach 82% and 80.4% over the coke-resistance Nickel-based monolithic catalyst and the Nickel-based monolithic catalyst, respectively. The addition of Cerium as the coke-resistance component remarkably reduces carbon deposition tendency with prolonged catalyst lifetime. monolithic catalysts have excellent performance for tar conversion. At 800°C, the conversion efficiency of toluene reached 82% and 80.4% over the coke-resistance Nickel-based monolithic catalyst and the Nickel-based monolithic catalyst, respectively. The addition of Cerium as the coke-resistance component remarkably reduces carbon deposition tendency with prolonged catalyst lifetime.
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Liang, Wenjun, Xiujuan Shi, Qinglei Li, Sida Ren, and Guobin Yin. "Effect of Pd/Ce Loading and Catalyst Components on the Catalytic Abatement of Toluene." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020225.

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Monolithic catalysts are widely used in industrial catalysis. However, in the preparation of a monolithic catalyst, the traditional methods have some drawbacks such as low washcoat uploading ratio and poor uniformity. In the present work, the effects of Pd/Ce loading and catalyst components on the catalytic abatement of toluene were investigated. The acid treatment of the substrate, the particle size of the slurry and the dispersant on the uniformity of the washcoat and the catalytic performance were also explored. Characterisation was achieved via BET, SEM, zeta potential and laser grain-size analyses. The results showed that the catalytic activity of the catalyst increased with the increasing of the Ce content. It was found that the 0.2Pd-0.3Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalysts had the best toluene catalytic activity. The pretreatment of the cordierite with 20% HCl could improve the properties of the cordierite. It was also found that reducing the particle size of the washcoat and adding dispersant PAA could effectively improve the stability of the suspension and the uniformity of the washcoat. When 20% HCl pretreatment was used, the toluene catalytic activity of the monolith catalyst prepared by cordierite increased, in which T10 and T90 decreased by about 5 °C. Decreasing the particle size and dispersant also promoted the efficiency of catalytic degradation.
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Chen, Jiawei, Fangfang Liu, Yongfeng Li, Yongshen Dou, Sanmao Liu, and Liangjun Xiao. "Self-standing zeolite foam monoliths with hierarchical micro–meso–macroporous structures." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 8 (August 2020): 200981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200981.

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The zeolite monoliths were synthesized by a facile polymer scaffold template assisted hydrothermal method. The selected foam-shaped template of a polyurethane (PU) foam monolith, was used to prepare the self-standing zeolite foam (ZF) monolithic materials. The obtained ZF products can preserve the same size, shape and macroporous network structure of the original PU foam scaffold template, although the zeolite nano-crystallites had been fully substituted for the PU template to form the new skeleton struts and walls. The as-synthesized ZF products demonstrated abundant hierarchical porosity (involving triple micro-, meso- and macropores). Meanwhile, compared with the conventional zeolite powders, the self-standing ZF monolithic materials exhibited greater total pore volume and nearly three times higher mesopore volume, suggesting wider applications as catalysts, catalyst supports and adsorbents in industry.
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Amirsardari, Zahra, Akram Dourani, Mohamad Ali Amirifar, Nooredin Ghadiri Massoom, and Rahim Ehsani. "Development of novel supported iridium nanocatalysts for special catalytic beds." Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 10, no. 1 (December 26, 2019): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40097-019-00327-8.

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Abstract In the present paper, an experimental study of the catalytic decomposition of hydrous hydrazine was investigated on the different structural forms of the catalyst. The synthesized iridium catalysts have been usually used directly and have not been evaluated in the laboratory reactor. This study includes the preparation of iridium-based catalysts supported on spherical (alumina), honeycomb monoliths (cordierite) and foams (alumina) for the evaluation of catalytic activity in the laboratory reactor. The characterizations of these catalysts were evaluated by the TGA, FESEM and BET analysis. The result of the catalytic characterization of monolithic support was shown a homogeneous distribution of active metal without any problem of sintering (average size 25 nm) on the support surface. While the surface of the spherical and foam supports were shown non-uniform distribution of nanoparticles on the support skeleton (average size 55 nm). The monolithic catalyst exhibits higher decomposition rate and H2 selectivity than other supports due to uniform in shape and particle size distribution. Graphic abstract
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Li, Ying Xia, Jian Chen та Zheng Lan Luo. "Honeycomb Shaped Monolithic Fe-β Zeolite Catalyst for N2O Decomposition". Advanced Materials Research 815 (жовтень 2013): 599–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.815.599.

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Honeycomb shaped monolithic Fe-β zeolite catalyst for N2O decomposition prepared by direct extrusion method was investigated. In this paper, we optimized the parameters of the molding process and studied the decomposition properties of the honeycomb catalysts. Monolithic materials could be extruded successfully only with the plasticity ranging from 0.177 to 0.473. The content of SB powder, nitrate and water was shown to have a significant influence on the mechanical strength of the extruded materials. The monolithic samples were characterized by using XRD. Catalytic performances of various monolithic zeolites with diverse density (49 cells/in.2, 81cells/in.2, 169 cells/in.2) were thereafter studied. As shown from the result, catalyst activity increased significantly with the increase of monolithic catalyst density.
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Touati, Houcine, Sabine Valange, Marc Reinholdt, Catherine Batiot-Dupeyrat, Jean-Marc Clacens, and Jean-Michel Tatibouët. "Low Temperature Catalytic Oxidation of Ethanol Using Ozone over Manganese Oxide-Based Catalysts in Powdered and Monolithic Forms." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020172.

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Анотація:
Catalytic oxidation of low concentrations of ethanol was investigated in dry and humid air streams at low temperature (60 °C) over manganese oxide-based catalysts supported on a meso–macrostructured TiO2 using ozone as the oxidant. Ethanol was selected as a representative model VOC present in indoor air, and its concentration was fixed to 10 ppm. For that purpose, a series of Mn/TiO2 powder and monolithic catalysts was prepared, some doped with 0.5 wt% Pd. Whatever the catalyst, the presence of water vapor in the gas phase had a beneficial effect on the conversion of ethanol and ozone. The Pd–Mn/TiO2 catalyst containing 0.5 wt% Pd and 5 wt% Mn exhibited superior oxidation efficiency to the Mn/TiO2 counterparts by increasing ozone decomposition (77%) while simultaneously increasing the selectivity to CO2 (85%). The selectivity to CO2 approached nearly 100% by increasing the amount of catalyst from 20 to 80 mg. In a further step, alumina wash-coated cordierite honeycomb monoliths were coated with the 0.5Pd–5Mn/TiO2 catalyst. Full conversion of ethanol to CO2 without residual O3 emitted (less than 10 ppb) could be attained, thereby demonstrating that the proposed Pd–Mn/TiO2 monolithic catalyst fulfills the specifications required for onboard systems.
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Sabarudin, Akhmad, Shin Shu, Kazuhiro Yamamoto, and Tomonari Umemura. "Preparation of Metal-Immobilized Methacrylate-Based Monolithic Columns for Flow-Through Cross-Coupling Reactions." Molecules 26, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 7346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26237346.

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With the aim of developing efficient flow-through microreactors for high-throughput organic synthesis, in this work, microreactors were fabricated by chemically immobilizing palladium-, nickel-, iron-, and copper-based catalysts onto ligand-modified poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) [poly(GMA-co-EDMA)] monoliths, which were prepared inside a silicosteel tubing (10 cm long with an inner diameter of 1.0 mm) and modified with several ligands including 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline (APHEN), iminodiacetic acid (IDA), and iminodimethyl phosphonic acid (IDP). The performance of the resulting microreactors in Suzuki−Miyaura cross-coupling reactions was evaluated, finding that the poly(GMA-co-EDMA) monolith chemically modified with 5-amino-1,10-phenanthroline as a binding site for the palladium catalyst provided an excellent flow-through performance, enabling highly efficient and rapid reactions with high product yields. Moreover, this monolithic microreactor maintained its good activity and efficiency during prolonged use.
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Lachman, Irwin M., and Jimmie L. Williams. "Extruded monolithic catalyst supports." Catalysis Today 14, no. 2 (May 1992): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(92)80032-i.

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9

Padilla, Ornel, Jessica Munera, Jaime Gallego, and Alexander Santamaria. "Approach to the Characterization of Monolithic Catalysts Based on La Perovskite-like Oxides and Their Application for VOC Oxidation under Simulated Indoor Environment Conditions." Catalysts 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2022): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12020168.

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Catalysts are very important in controlling the pollutant emissions and are used for hundreds of chemical processes. Currently, noble metal-based catalysts are being replaced for other kinds of materials. In this study, three lanthanum-based perovskite-like oxides were synthesized (LaCo, LaCoMn, and LaMn) by the glycine-combustion method. The powder catalysts obtained were supported onto cordierite ceramic monoliths using an optimized washcoating methodology to obtain the subsequent monolithic catalysts (LaCo-S, LaCoMn-S, and LaMn-S). Sample characterization confirmed the formation of the perovskite-like phase in the powder materials as well as the presence of the perovskite phase after supporting it onto the monolithic structure. The XPS analysis showed a general decrease in lattice oxygen species for monolithic catalysts, mainly caused by the colloidal silica used as a binder agent during the washcoating process. Additionally, some variations in the oxidation state distribution for elements in Co-containing systems suggest a stronger interaction between cordierite and such catalysts. The catalytic activity results indicated that powder and monolithic catalysts were active for single-component VOC oxidation in the following order: 2-propanol > n-hexane ≅ mixture > toluene, and there was no evidence of loss of catalytic activity after supporting the catalysts. However, LaMn-S had a better catalytic performance for all VOC tested under dry conditions, achieving oxidation temperatures between 230–420 °C. The oxidation efficiency for the VOC mixture was strongly affected by the presence of moisture linking the oxidation efficiency at wet conditions to the VOC chemical nature. Additionally, for higher VOC concentrations, the catalyst efficiency decreased due to the limited number of active sites.
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10

Rossetti, Ilenia, Elnaz Bahadori, Antonio Tripodi, and Gianguido Ramis. "Structured Monolithic Catalysts vs. Fixed Bed for the Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane." Materials 12, no. 6 (March 16, 2019): 884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12060884.

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The deposition of V-based catalysts for the oxidative dehydrogenation of propane to propene on cordierite honeycomb monoliths was optimised as a strategy to decrease the contact time in a structured reactor with respect to a conventional fixed bed one. 10 wt% VOx supported over SiO2 or Al2O3 were used as catalysts, deposed over the monolith using silica or alumina as primer, respectively. Both the alumina supported catalyst and the bohemite primer precursor were effectively deposed by dip-coating from stable powder suspensions, whereas insufficient adhesion was obtained when loading pre-synthesised SiO2 over the cordierite. A new method based on sol-gel production of SiO2 from tetraethylortosilicate (TEOS) over the monolith surface was set up. A correlation was derived for the prevision of the amount of silica deposed depending on the amount of TEOS. Both primer and catalyst loading were optimised as for uniformity and stability of the coating and resulted 0.5–1 wt % primer and 0.15 wt % of catalyst. Activity testing confirmed the strong improvement of propene productivity by increasing the time factor (i.e. Ncm3 of flowing reactant/min gcat), which ended in a one order of magnitude increase of productivity for the honeycomb-supported samples with respect to the fixed bed configuration.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Monolithic Catalyst"

1

MARIN, FIGUEREDO MIGUEL JOSE. "Metal Oxide Catalysts for the Abatement of Volatile Organic Compounds and Carbonaceous Particulate Matter." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2966339.

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2

Sachse, Alexander. "Synthèses de microréacteurs à base de monolithes siliciques et zéolithiques à porosité hiérarchique pour le développement de la catalyse en flux." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENCM0006/document.

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L'objectif de ce travail est la synthèse et la fonctionnalisation de monolithes siliciques à porosité hiérarchique et leur utilisation en tant que microréacteur en catalyse sous flux. Une synthèse reproductible de monolithes siliciques a été mise à point. La fonctionnalisation avec une variété de fonctions a été réalisée, telle que la fonctionnalisation avec des groupements aminopropyle, avec de l'oxyde d'aluminium, par incorporation des MOFs (CuBTC) et par dépôt de nanoparticules de palladium. Les monolithes fonctionnalisés ont été testés en tant que microréacteurs catalytiques sous flux pour les réactions de Knoevenagel, de Diels-Alder et de Friedländer et montrent dans plusieurs cas une augmentation de la productivité des réactions par rapport aux réacteurs batch ou à lit fixe ainsi qu'une automatisation des procédés. La transformation pseudomorphique de monolithes siliciques en monolithes zéolithiques en phase SOD et LTA a été mise a point. Nous avons ainsi montré la première utilisation d'un monolithe macroporeux à base de zéolithes en tant que microréacteur pour la synthèse de produits de chimie fine en continu. Les monolithes zéolithiques ont aussi été analysés pour l'échange d'ions en dynamique et sont prometteurs pour une application en tant que matériaux pour la décontamination d'effluents radioactifs
The aim of this work is the synthesis and the functionalization of silica monoliths with hierarchical porosity and their use as catalytic microreactors for flow-through chemistry. A reproducible synthesis of the silica monoliths was elaborated. The functionalization with a variety of functions has been performed, such as aminopropyl groups, aluminium oxide, MOFs (CuBTC), and palladium nanoparticles. These functionalized silica monoliths have been used for the Knoevenagel condensation, Diels-Alder reaction and Fiedländer reaction, where they show increasing productivities compared to classically used reactors (batch, packed-bed) and enable process automation. The pseudomorphic transformation of silica monoliths in zeolite monoliths in the SOD and LTA phase has been elaborated. We have preformed the first implementation of a macroporous zeolite monolith as microreactor for the fine chemical production in flow continuous conditions. The zeolite monoliths have been tested for dynamic ion exchange and are promising materials for the use as decontaminants of radioactive discharges
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3

Kebe, Seydina Ibrahima. "Synthèse de matériaux monolithiques pour la séparation et la catalyse en phase liquide : problématiques environnementales et du développement durable." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1127/document.

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Les matériaux polymères ont connu un engouement considérable avec l’avènement de l’ère du pétrole et connaissent aujourd’hui encore un succès considérable notamment au travers de la valorisation de ressources naturelles mais également d’applications spécifiques à haute valeur ajoutée, liées à des domaines aussi divers que la chimie analytique, l’exploration spatiale, la médecine où l’enjeu premier est souvent la conception d’objet miniaturisés. Dans ce travail de thèse nous avons développé des matériaux polymères à taille micrométrique, immobilisés soit dans des microcanaux (diamètre interne = 75 µm) ou à la surface de substrats de verre (épaisseur de quelques centaines de µm). Une morphologie de type monolithique a été choisie afin de conférer auxdits matériaux des propriétés de perméabilité, résistance mécanique et thermique compatibles avec des applications dans le domaine de la chimie en flux. Afin de contrôler les propriétés d’interaction aux interfaces des matériaux, un monolithe générique, présentant des unités ester de N-hydroxysuccinimide en surface, a été préparé et fonctionnalisé à façon. Ainsi ont été immobilisés des segments moléculaires jouant le rôle de sélecteurs – pour des applications en électrochromatographie – ou de ligands de nanoparticules métalliques – pour applications en catalyse supportée – via des méthodes classiques (substituion nucléophile) ou originales (photo-addition radicalaire thiol-ène) de greffage.Les matériaux ont été caractérisés par une combinaison de méthodes spectroscopiques, microscopiques, de diffraction, de thermogravimétrie permettant de corréler les propriétés électrochromatographiques ou catalytiques avec la structure interfaciale des matériaux monolithiques. A titre d’exemples d’application, nous pouvons citer la séparation électrochromatographiques de molécules toxiques tels les polluants organiques (aniline, phénols, hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, polychlorobiphényles) et les conservateurs pour les crèmes cosmétiques (parabènes), de biomarqueurs (hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques, bases pyrimidiques). Ces analyses ont été réalisées avec des solutions modèles de laboratoire mais aussi des matrices réelles (crèmes cosmétiques, analogues d’échantillons extraterrestres). Aussi les réactions catalytiques de réduction de nitroarènes, d’oxydation d’alcool aromatique, de couplage carbone-carbone et la détection par spectroscopie Raman exaltée de surface de pesticides (trifuraline) et d’intermédiaires de synthèse (para-nitrophénol) ont été réalisées
Polymeric materials have gained immense popularity with the golden age of petroleum and they still today meet with great success through Green polymer chemistry approaches and numerous high added value dedicated application in scientific domains such as analytical chemistry, medicine, space investigations, where one of the key for success is the design of miniaturized objects. In this contribution, micro-sized monolithic materials have been designed though either in microchannel immobilization (I.D. = 75 µm) or surface attachment on glass substrates (hundredths of microns in thickness). Polymers exhibiting monolithic morphology were considered to benefit of high permeability, mechanical and thermal resistances which are mandatory to flow chemistry applications. With the aim to control the interfacial interaction ability, a generic monolith having N-hydroxysuccinimide ester groups was used and on purpose functionalized. Molecular segments acting as selector – for electrochromatographic applications – of metal nanoparticles ligands – for supported catalysis applications – have been immobilized on the monolith surface via classical (nucleophilic substitution) or original (photo-induced thiol-ene click) grafting reactions.The so-designed materials were characterized through spectroscopic, microscopic, diffraction, thermogravimetric methods providing insight into correlation between the observed separation and catalytic abilities and the interfacial structure of the monolith. As representative examples of application, one may cite the electrochromatographic separation of toxic molecules such as organic pollutants (phenols, anilines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorobiphenyls), preservatives in cosmetics (parabens) and biomarkers (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pyrimidic bases). The analyses were conducted on model solutions and complex matrices (cosmetics, extraterrestrial analog samples). Flow catalytic reaction meant for the reduction of nitroarenes, the oxidation of aromatic alcohol, the carbon-carbon coupling and the sensitive detection of pesticides and synthesis intermediates (para-nitrophenol) have been achieved
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4

Bennett, Chris. "Monolith reactors for automobile catalysts." Thesis, University of Bath, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236643.

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5

Bernadet, Sophie. "Conversion photocatalytique du CO2 sur monolithes poreux." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0172/document.

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Dans le contexte actuel de développement de nouvelles sources d'énergie non fossiles tout en minimisant l'impact environnemental, la production de carburants solaires par la valorisation des émissions anthropiques de CO2 apparaît comme une solution à fort potentiel. Le principal défi dans les processus artificiels photo-induits concerne le caractère bidimensionnel des systèmes utilisés, en raison de la faible profondeur de pénétration des photons. Ce travail de thèse se concentre sur le développement de mousses solides alvéolaires, issues de la chimie intégrative, présentant une porosité hiérarchiquement organisée. A travers l’imprégnation de précurseurs de TiO2, des photocatalyseurs autosupportés ont été synthétisés et ont montré une augmentation de la pénétration des photons d’un ordre de grandeur. D’autre part, ces solides limitent les réactions inverses par un effet de dilution, tout en assurant une sélectivité élevée envers la génération d'alcanes. Un modèle cinétique, basé sur un formalisme mixte de Langmuir-Hinshelwood et Eley-Rideal, est proposé pour décrire le comportement des matériaux
In the current context of developing novel non-fossil energy sources while minimizing the environmental impact, solar-driven-fuel-production by exploiting anthropogenic CO2 emissions appears to be a solution with great potential. The main challenge in artificial photo-induced processes concerns the two-dimensional character of the systems used, due to the low photon penetration depth. This thesis work focuses on the development of alveolar solid foams, derived from integrative chemistry and bearing a hierarchically organized porosity. By TiO2 precursor impregnation, self-standing photocatalysts were synthesized and provided a photon penetration increase by an order of magnitude. Moreover, these solids limit back-reactions by a dilution effect, while ensuring high selectivity towards alkane generations. A kinetic model, based on a mixed formalism of Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal, is proposed to describe material behavior
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Kumar, Ankan. "Physical Models and Computational Algorithms for Simulation of Catalytic Monolithic Reactors." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230142666.

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7

Leclerc, Jean-Pierre. "Contribution à l'étude du fonctionnement des pots catalytiques." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1991. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_1991_LECLERC_J_P.pdf.

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L’objectif général de notre travail est de donner une vue d'ensemble sur les caractéristiques hydrodynamiques, les transferts de chaleur et de matière et les réactions chimiques dans les pots catalytiques monolithiques. Nous avons développé un modèle de calcul de perte de charge à travers le pot catalytique qui compose la ligne d'échappement. Ce modèle est en accord avec des mesures expérimentales. La distribution des gaz au sein du monolithe a été mesurée en fonction des paramètres géométriques du pot catalytique et du nombre de Reynolds dans le tube d'échappement. Dans le but d'uniformiser l'écoulement, l'effet d'un obstacle placé dans le divergent a été étudié. L'étude, sur le banc moteur, de la réponse thermique en régime transitoire de monolithes chimiquement actifs et inactifs nous a permis de déterminer les grands principes de mise en régime du pot sans pour cela mesurer les teneurs en polluants. Un modèle mathématique tenant compte de l'écoulement des gaz, des transferts gaz-solide et des réactions chimiques a été développé. Bien qu'il soit moins détaillé que les modèles tridimensionnels, notre modèle est particulièrement adapté pour étudier les effets des conditions opératoires, du dessin et des paramètres physico-chimiques sur le fonctionnement et l'efficacité du pot catalytique
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Yamin, A. K. M. "Pulsating flow studies in a planar wide-angled diffuser upstream of automotive catalyst monoliths." Thesis, Coventry University, 2012. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/e82aae35-8737-48e2-b73d-4758a88f5e1a/1.

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Automotive catalytic converters are used extensively in the automotive industry to reduce toxic pollutants from vehicle exhausts. The flow across automotive exhaust catalysts is distributed by a sudden expansion and has a significant effect on their conversion efficiency. The exhaust gas is pulsating and flow distribution is a function of engine operating condition, namely speed (frequency), load (flow rate) and pressure loss across the monolith. The aims of this study are to provide insight into the development of the pulsating flow field within the diffuser under isothermal conditions and to assess the steady-state computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of flow maldistribution at high Reynolds numbers. Flow measurements were made across an automotive catalyst monolith situated downstream of a planar wide-angled diffuser in the presence of pulsating flow. Cycle-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements were made in the diffuser and hot wire anemometry (HWA) downstream of the monoliths. The ratio of pulse period to residence time within the diffuser (J factor) characterises the flow distribution. During acceleration the flow remained attached to the diffuser walls for some distance before separating near the diffuser inlet later in the cycle. Two cases with J ~ 3.5 resulted in very similar flow fields with the flow able to reattach downstream of the separation bubbles. With J = 6.8 separation occurred earlier with the flow field resembling, at the time of deceleration, the steady flow field. Increasing J from 3.5 to 6.8 resulted in greater flow maldistribution within the monoliths; steady flow producing the highest maldistribution in all cases for the same Re. The oblique entry pressure loss of monoliths were measured using a one-dimensional steady flow rig over a range of approach Reynolds number (200 < Rea < 4090) and angles of incidence (0o < α < 70o). Losses increased with α and Re at low mass flow rates but were independent of Re at high flow rates being 20% higher than the transverse dynamic pressure. The flow distribution across axisymmetric ceramic 400 cpsi and perforated 600 cpsi monoliths were modelled using CFD and the porous medium approach. This requires knowledge of the axial and transverse monolith resistances; the latter being only applicable to the radially open structure. The axial resistances were measured by presenting uniform flow to the front face of the monolith. The transverse resistances were deduced by best matching CFD predictions to measurements of the radial flow profiles obtained downstream of the monolith when presented with non-uniform flow at its front face. CFD predictions of the flow maldistibution were performed by adding the oblique entry pressure loss to the axial resistance to simulate the monolith losses. The critical angle approach was used to improve the predictions, i.e. the oblique entry loss was limited such that the losses were assumed constant above a fixed critical angle, αc. The result showed that the perforated 600 cpsi monolith requires the entrance effect to be restricted above αc = 81o, while the losses were assumed constant above αc = 85o for the ceramic 400 cpsi monolith. This might be due to the separation bubble at the monolith entrance being restricted by the smaller hydraulic diameter of the perforated monolith thus limiting the oblique entry loss at the lower incidence angle.
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9

CACIOLLI, Lorenzo. "Progettazione e preparazione di nuovi materiali per applicazioni sostenibili in chimica organica e ambientale." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389404.

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In recent years Green Chemistry has become a central area of research for chemists working in both industry and academia. The fundamental concepts of sustainable chemistry are, among others, atom efficiency, waste prevention, use of renewable materials and innocuous solvents, as well as design of safer products. Within this context, microreactor technology offers, on the one hand, safe, environmentally benign, and high throughput processes typically intensified by a fast postreaction phase (workup and purification) and direct scalability; on the other hand, asymmetric organocatalysis allows for new and unique opportunities towards efficient and highly stereoselective metal-free catalytic syntheses. In the first part of this thesis project it has been carried out the synthesis of new heterogeneous organocatalysts for their ultimate utilization in continuous-flow processes. Precisely, proline-like mimetics and thiazolium salt pre-catalysts have been immobilized on silica and polystyrene macroporous supports, respectively; next, these functionalized solid materials have been employed as packing material for the fabrication of fixed-bed microreactors in the form of either packed or monolithic columns. During this research, it has been demonstrated that operation of this type of organocatalytic microreactors results in flow processes with levels of stereoselectivity comparable to those of the corresponding homogeneous batch processes, allowing at the same time productivity enhancements thanks to the higher long-term stability of the heterogeneous organocatalytic species in flow regime. In the second part of this thesis project, the same techniques of support functionalization have been employed to prepare perfluorinated stationary phases for the determination of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs). These are emerging pollutants widely spread in the environment. They can be found in soils, sediments, superficial waters, particulate matter, as well as in animal and human tissues or organs. PFC are characterized by environmental persistence and have negative side effects for the biota where they accumulate. The chromatographic behavior of perfluorinated acid pollutants have been investigated on the basis of the specific fluorine-fluorine interactions (fluorophilicity) occurring between these analytes and the perfluoroalkyl groups of the newly prepared stationary phases. It has been demonstrated that the retention profile of perfluorinated acids is dependent on the composition of the mobile phase, thus permitting the use of the prepared fluorinated stationary phases as means of pre-concentration of PFCs from environmental and biological matrices.
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10

Quadri, Syed Saleem. "The effect of oblique entry into an automotive catalyst on the flow distribution within the monolith." Thesis, Coventry University, 2008. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/bccfd1aa-e70b-7608-3d41-121b43630c1d/1.

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Automotive catalytic converters are increasingly used to reduce emissions from internal combustion engines to comply with emission regulations. Maldistributed flow across the catalyst affects its warm up, light off time, ageing, and conversion efficiency. This thesis concerns flow distribution in automotive catalytic converters and methods to improve CFD predictions. Previous studies showed that modelling the monolith flow resistance using the Hagen- Poiseuille’s formulation under predicted flow maldistribution. The predictions were improved by incorporating an additional pressure loss term V2 2 1  , where V is transverse velocity just upstream of a monolith channel, for oblique entry of the flow into the monolith known as the entrance effect. Further improvement was obtained by incorporating the critical angle of attack method. However, there was no experimental evidence to support these oblique entry loss formulations. There also remained the possibility that under prediction of flow maldistribution might be due to the failure to predict flow in the diffuser accurately. A one-dimensional oblique angle flow rig was designed and built to measure the effect of oblique entry flow losses in monoliths. Experiments were performed at different angles of attack (α), using different lengths of substrate and a methodology was developed to obtain the oblique flow entrance losses. The results showed that the pressure loss attributed to the entrance effect increased with the angle of attack. The entrance effect was also found to be dependent on channel Reynolds number and substrate length. The theoretical assumption of V2 2 1  predicts accurately at low Reynolds number but looses its validity at high Reynolds number. From the experimental studies, an improved correlation for the entrance effect has been derived as a function of major controlling variables, i.e., angle of attack, length of the substrates and Reynolds number. A two-dimensional rig was designed to measure the flow field using PIV in a 2-D diffuser placed upstream of two different length substrates. The results showed that the flow in a wide angle diffuser consisted of a central core, free shear layer and recirculation regions. The near-field region was found similar to that of a plane jet. The flow field was found to be independent of Reynolds number. Increasing the substrate length resulted in a flattening of the axial profiles close to the substrate face. A CFD study was undertaken to predict maldistributed flow at the exit of the substrate for an axisymmetric catalyst model by incorporating the measured entrance effect correlation. A fixed critical angle of attack (αc,F) approach was used whereby the entrance effect is assumed constant for α>αc,F. Incorporating the entrance effect with αc,F= 810 improved the prediction of maldistribution in the flow profiles. A 2-D CFD study was undertaken to predict the flow distribution in the diffuser and downstream of the substrate. A comparison of the CFD predictions in the diffuser using different turbulence models showed that all the turbulence models used in this study over predicted the width of the central core region and the V2F turbulence model gave velocity predictions that compared best with PIV. Incorporating the entrance effect improved the predictions close to the diffuser-substrate interface and downstream of the substrate.
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Книги з теми "Monolithic Catalyst"

1

R, Ismagilov Z., Zamulina T. V, Mikhaĭlenko E. L, Institut kataliza im. G.K. Boreskova., International Seminar "Monolith Honeycomb Supports and Catalysts" (2nd : 1997 : Novosibirsk, Russia), and International Memorial G.K. Boreskov Conference (2nd : 1997 : Novosibirsk, Russia), eds. Monolith honeycomb supports and catalysts: Second international seminar : abstracts. Novosibirsk: Boreskov Institut of Catalysis, 1997.

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2

Ajay, Badlani, and Langley Research Center, eds. Monolith catalysts for closed-cycle carbon dioxide lasers. Hampton, Va: NASA Langley Research Center, 1991.

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3

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Monolith catalysts for closed-cycle carbon dioxide lasers. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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4

Hasegawa, George. Studies on Porous Monolithic Materials Prepared via Sol–Gel Processes. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2013.

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5

Tronconi, Enrico, Gianpiero Groppi, and Pio Forzatti. Monolithic Catalyst/Reactor Systems for Industrial and Laboratory Applications. University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations, 2004.

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6

Monolith catalysts for closed-cycle carbon dioxide lasers. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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7

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Monolith Catalysts for Closed-Cycle Carbon Dioxide Lasers. Independently Published, 2018.

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8

Hasegawa, George. Studies on Porous Monolithic Materials Prepared via Sol–Gel Processes. Springer, 2014.

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9

Studies on Porous Monolithic Materials Prepared via Sol–Gel Processes. Springer, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "Monolithic Catalyst"

1

Klinghoffer, Alec A., and Joseph A. Rossin. "Transient Response of a Monolithic Oxidation Catalyst." In Environmental Catalysis, 316–30. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1994-0552.ch026.

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2

de Lathouder, Karen M., Edwin Crezee, Freek Kapteijn, and Jacob A. Moulijn. "Carbon Monoliths in Catalysis." In Carbon Materials for Catalysis, 401–27. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470403709.ch11.

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3

Simell, P., P. Ståhlberg, Y. Solantausta, J. Hepola, and E. Kurkela. "Gasification Gas Cleaning with Nickel Monolith Catalyst." In Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion, 1103–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1559-6_89.

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4

Wießmeier, G., K. Schubert, and D. Hönicke. "Monolithic Microreactors Possessing Regular Mesopore Systems for the Succesful Performance of Heterogeneously Catalysed Reactions." In Microreaction Technology, 20–26. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72076-5_3.

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5

Buchmeiser, Michael R. "Polymeric Monoliths: Novel Materials for Separation Science, Heterogeneous Catalysis and Regenerative Medicine." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series A: Chemistry and Biology, 249–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3278-2_16.

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6

Koo, Kee Young, Hyun Ji Eom, Un Ho Jung, and Wang Lai Yoon. "Preferential CO Oxidation Over Ru/Al2O3-Coated Metal Monolith Catalyst for Small-Scale Fuel Processor." In Progress in Clean Energy, Volume 1, 633–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16709-1_47.

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7

Kułażyński, M., J. Trawczyński, and B. Radomyski. "Abatement of SOx on monolithic carbon catalyst." In Coal Science, Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Coal Science, 1823–26. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-9449(06)80171-0.

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8

Reinecke, N., and D. Mewes. "Transient Two-Phase Flows in Monolithic Catalyst Supports." In Multiphase Flow 1995, 635–43. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-81811-9.50061-5.

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9

Lyakhova, V., G. Barannyk, and Z. Ismagilov. "Some aspects of extrusion procedure for monolithic SCR catalyst based on TiO2." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 775–82. Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(06)81818-5.

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10

Irandoust, Said, and Bengt Andersson. "Mass Transfer and Liquid-Phase Reactions in a Segmented Two-Phase Flow Monolithic Catalyst Reactor." In Tenth International Symposium on Chemical Reaction Engineering, 1983–88. Elsevier, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-036969-3.50040-3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Monolithic Catalyst"

1

Smith, Mark W., David A. Berry, Dushyant Shekhawat, and Daniel J. Haynes. "Catalytic Material Development for a SOFC Reforming System: Application of an Oxidative Steam Reforming Catalyst to a Monolithic Reactor." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2010-33198.

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The main objective of this work was to develop fuel reforming technologies to produce a H2-rich synthesis gas to power a solid oxide fuel cell being developed by US DOE for applications like diesel auxiliary power units. In order to accomplish this objective the following efforts were required: 1) examination of the effect of oxygen-conducting supports on reforming catalyst performance, 2) demonstration of the long-term stability under reforming conditions of an oxide powder catalyst deposited onto an oxygen-conducting support, 3) fabrication of a catalyst system by depositing the active catalyst and oxygen-conducting material onto a monolithic support structure for scaled-up reforming tests, 4) demonstration of the scaled-up reforming tests using the monolithic reactor. A successful 1,000-hr diesel reforming test was completed on a powder pyrochlore catalyst developed by NETL deposited onto an oxygen-conducting support. This test demonstrated that the catalyst and support compositions developed have significant potential in a commercial reforming application for the production of synthesis gas. Transforming this powder catalyst into a commercially viable form was the next major step to the development of a usable product. An alumina monolith structure coated with both the oxygen-conducting support and the active pyrochlore phase was fabricated and its performance was validated by short term partial oxidation (POX) tests on pump diesel, and in an integrated reformer-fuel cell test for 100 hrs on a biodiesel fuel under oxidative steam reforming (OSR) conditions.
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2

Ponzo, James. "Small Envelope, High Flux Monolithic 90% H202 Catalyst Bed." In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4622.

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3

Lashkov, Andrey V., Vladimir V. Dobrokhotov, and Victor V. Sysoev. "The gas-analytical multisensor chip based on monolithic catalyst elements." In 2015 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sibcon.2015.7147121.

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4

Lu, Peng Mei, Min Lu, Zhen Hong Yuan, Hui Wen Li, and Jing Liang Xu. "Nickel-based monolithic catalyst for tar cracking of biomass pyrolysis." In 2011 Second International Conference on Mechanic Automation and Control Engineering (MACE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mace.2011.5988778.

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5

Hayase, Masanori, and Yosuke Saito. "Novel Miniature DMFC With Monolithic Si Electrodes." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89143.

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A through-chip porous Ru-Pt catalyst layer was fabricated on a Si wafer and a novel miniature DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell) was realized. Recently, we found that porous noble metal layer can be synthesized on Si substrate by immersion plating on a porous Si. In order to realize a DMFC with our novel structure, a porous Ru layer was synthesized on the Si substrate using the immersion plating on the porous Si, then Pt was deposited by galvanic replacement reaction on the porous Ru. The porous Ru-Pt structure showed catalytic activity on methanol oxidization. A through-chip porous Ru-Pt layer was fabricated on a Si wafer by plasma etching and monolithic electrodes with catalyst layers and fuel channels were realized. A preliminary DMFC prototype successfully demonstrated power generation of 2mW/cm2.
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6

Xu, Xinhai, Shuyang Zhang, and Peiwen Li. "Hydrogen Production of a Heavy Hydrocarbon Fuel Autothermal Reformer on NiO-Rh Based Monolithic Catalysts." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2014 8th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2014-6624.

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Catalytic autothermal reforming (ATR) is one promising technology to effectively produce hydrogen and syngas from heavy hydrocarbon fuels for fuel cell applications. The present study describes the development of a cylindrical 1.5 kWe scale autothermal reformer for on-board SOFCs. NiO-Rh bimetallic catalysts supported on 400 cpsi cordierite monoliths were experimentally examined in the reformer. Promoters including cerium, potassium and lanthanum were introduced in the catalysts preparation to improve their performance. Dodecane (C12H26) was used as a surrogate for desulfurized commercial Jet-A fuel (C11.6H22.3) to study the hydrogen selectivity and efficiency of ATR reactions with different catalysts. Gas chromatography (GC) equipped with TCD detector was used to monitor the concentration of H2, CO, CO2 and N2 in the reformate. The catalysts screening tests were performed at the same operation conditions including inlet temperatures, reactor temperature, steam to carbon ratio and oxygen to carbon ratio. The best catalyst was reported to have efficiency about 85 percent. The optimized reactor operation temperature was reported as 700 °C.
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Orth, Michael R., Utkarsh Pandey, and Timothee L. Pourpoint. "Preparation for Pressure Drop Measurement in Monolithic 3D-Printed Catalyst Beds." In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3230.

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8

Oukacine, L., F. Gitzhofer, N. Abatzoglou, and D. V. Gravelle. "Study of Ni/Al2O3 Deposition on Metallic Surface using RF Plasma Process." In ITSC2005, edited by E. Lugscheider. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2005p0545.

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Abstract This work is aimed at acquiring knowledge on successive deposition of alumina and nickel coatings on a metallic substrate using an RF plasma torch. The composition and morphology of various Ni/Al2O3 steam reforming catalysts, prepared by plasma spraying of precursor nickel suspensions, are studied in this work. As Ni/γ-Al2O3 is a well known reforming catalyst it was decided to study the deposition of a particular catalytic formulation on a metallic substrate. The purpose of this study was to find the means of building 2D monolithic catalysts by plasma deposition. Since 2D monolithic catalysts are non-porous, their specific areas available for hosting the catalytic reactions are low. Thus, It is essential to have very good dispersion of the active catalytic sites. Such dispersion is only possible only if the deposit can take place at the nanometer scale. The suspension plasma spraying is assessed for its ability to produce such structures. This method permits the formation of nanocrystalline structures within a few seconds. The main difficulty is the control of the various spraying parameters in order to obtain satisfactory deposition. The Ni/γ-Al2O3 catalysts so obtained are characterized by scanning electron microscopy, field electron microscopy and X-Ray diffraction.
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9

Saidi, M. H., A. A. Mozafari, and A. Ghasemi. "A New Design for Inlet Diffuser of Automotive Catalytic Converter." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2006-1351.

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The monolithic catalytic converter still is the main pollution control device for modern vehicles in order to reach the ever-increasing legislative demands for low emission standards. The catalytic converters require a large expansion from the exhaust pipe to the front face of the monolith. Unfortunately, packaging constraints often do not permit the use of long diffusers. Hence, flow separation within the diffuser leads to a non-uniform flow distribution across the monolith. A uniform flow distribution at the inlet monolith face is favorable for the conversion efficiency as well as the durability of the catalytic converter. Therefore the main problem is to optimize the flow distribution at the catalytic converter. It should be noted that due to flow maldistribution in an enlarged inlet of catalytic converter, some part of the monolith would be non effective. In this research a new design for inlet diffuser of catalytic converter has been proposed and fabricated. The new inlet diffuser is composed of some tube to tube cones that distribute the flow uniformly at the entrance face of monolith. Temperature, pressure drop and concentration of pollutants, before and after catalyst, have been measured. The results show that the new design for inlet diffuser tends in less uniform temperature field at the entrance of monolith but the flow distribution becomes more uniform and an increased conversion efficiency of catalyst will be obtained.
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10

Yu, Guo, Zhou Lu, Zhao Wen, Jian Chen, Makoto Sakurai, and Hideo Kameyama. "A Multipurpose Anodic Alumina Supported Metal Monolithic Catalyst for Steam Reforming of Hydrocarbon." In Innovative Materials for Processes in Energy Systems 2010. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-7614-2_impres033.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Monolithic Catalyst"

1

K. C. Kwon. Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide in Coal Gases to Liquid Elemental Sulfur with Monolithic Catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/901077.

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2

K. C. Kwon. Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide in Coal Gases to Liquid Elemental Sulfur with Monolithic Catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/925688.

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3

K.C. Kwon. Conversion of Hydrogen Sulfide in Coal Gases to Liquid Elemental Sulfur with Monolithic Catalysts. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1013339.

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Lawal, Adeniyi, James Manganaro, Brian Goodall, and Robert Farrauto. Pt-based Bi-metallic Monolith Catalysts for Partial Upgrading of Microalgae Oil. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1344891.

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