Книги: "Monetary provision"

1

Stephens, Mark. More demands, fewer resources: Social housing provision under the European single currency. Glasgow: Centre for Housing Research and Urban Studies, 1996.

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2

Marco, Rossi. The provision of intraday liquidity in real-time gross-settlement systems. Louvain-la-Neuve: CIACO, 1996.

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3

Marco, Rossi. Payment systems in the financial markets: Real-time gross settlement systems and the provision of intraday liquidity. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998.

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4

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Financial Services. Subcommittee on Monetary Policy and Trade. The unintended consequences of Dodd-Frank's conflict minerals provision: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Monetary Policy and Trade of the Committee on Financial Services, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, first session, May 21, 2013. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2013.

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5

Semenova, Nadezhda, Svetlana Artemyeva, Svetlana Busalova, Ol'ga Eremina, and Svetlana Makeikina. State and municipal finance. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01853-8.

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The textbook reveals the theoretical and practical foundations of the organization of state and municipal finance. It examines the economic role and functions of the state, the current state of the state and municipal sectors of the economy, public finance management, the essence of the budget and state extra-budgetary funds, the organization of the budget process. Priorities and main directions of development of the budget structure and budget system of the Russian Federation, tendencies of development of sovereign funds of the state as a monetary resource are analyzed. Special attention is paid to the formation and implementation of the budget policy of the Russian Federation, the formation of inter-budgetary relations, trends in the development of public credit and public debt, the peculiarities of the provision of state (municipal) services and procurement. The content of the textbook meets the requirements of the Federal state educational institution IN the areas of bachelor's and master's degrees of the enlarged group of specialties 380000 "Economics and management". The textbook is intended for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic and managerial areas of training, students of courses and faculties of qualification improvement, employees of financial authorities and persons independently studying state and municipal Finance.

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6

Gadzhiev, Nazirhan, Ol'ga Kiseleva, Ol'ga Skripkina, Sergey Konovalenko, and Mihail Trofimov. Economic security of Russia at the present stage. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1836961.

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In the context of the reform of modern Russian society, issues related to strengthening the entire national security system and, first of all, economic security, focused on ensuring stable economic development of society and the state, their protection from current threats and risks, are of particular importance. Ensuring the interests of the country is based on the types of economic security that determine the integral development of the socio-economic space of Russia. The monograph outlines the essence, content, practical provisions of such aspects of the economic security of society and the state as food, environmental, social, monetary, tax, etc. The system of indicators, indicators and thresholds of various types of economic security is considered. Particular attention is paid to the forecast of the dynamics of key economic indicators of economic security in the medium term. The main directions of increasing the effectiveness of the mechanism for ensuring economic security in a market economy are shown. For a wide range of readers interested in the economic security of Russia. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of economic universities.

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7

US GOVERNMENT. Provisions in U.S. international air transport agreements. Washington, D.C. (1709 New York Ave., N.W., Washington 20006): Air Transport Association of America, 1985.

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8

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy. Business Accounting and Foreign Trade Simplification Act: Joint hearing before Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy and the Subcommittee on Securities of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session on S. 430 ... June 10, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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9

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy. Business Accounting and Foreign Trade Simplification Act: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy and the Subcommittee on Securities of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on S. 430 ... June 10, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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10

US GOVERNMENT. Controlled Substances Act as amended to February 15, 1996: Also includes chapter 53 of Title 31, United States Code, relating to monetary Instruments Transactions and Title 46, App. chapter 38: Maritime Drug Law Enforcement. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Chief Counsel, 1996.

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11

US GOVERNMENT. Controlled Substances Act as amended to February 15, 1996: Also includes chapter 53 of Title 31, United States Code, relating to monetary Instruments Transactions and Title 46, App. chapter 38: Maritime Drug Law Enforcement. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Chief Counsel, 1996.

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12

US GOVERNMENT. Controlled Substances Act as amended to February 15, 1996: Also includes chapter 53 of Title 31, United States Code, relating to monetary Instruments Transactions and Title 46, App. chapter 38: Maritime Drug Law Enforcement. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, Drug Enforcement Administration, Office of Chief Counsel, 1996.

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13

United, States Congress House Committee on Government Operations Commerce Consumer and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee. Federal efforts to combat fraud, abuse, and misconduct in the nation's S&L's and banks and to implement the criminal and civil enforcement provisions of FIRREA: Hearings before the Commerce, Consumer, and Monetary Affairs Subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 14 and 15, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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14

United, States Congress Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy. Foreign acquisitions of U.S. owned companies: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, on [sic] to review the implementation of the Exon-Florio provision to the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 which was codified as section 721 of the Defense Production Act authorizing the President to suspend or prohibit any acquisition, merger, or takeover of a person engaged in interstates commerce in the United States by or with foreign persons so that such control will not threaten to impair the national security, June 4, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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15

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy. Foreign acquisitions of U.S. owned companies: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, second session, on [sic] to review the implementation of the Exon-Florio provision to the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 which was codified as section 721 of the Defense Production Act authorizing the President to suspend or prohibit any acquisition, merger, or takeover of a person engaged in interstates commerce in the United States by or with foreign persons so that such control will not threaten to impair the national security, June 4, 1992. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1993.

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16

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance, Trade, and Monetary Policy. Banking Committee provisions of the trade bill: Hearings before the Subcommittee on International Finance, Trade, and Monetary policy of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One-hundredth Congress, first session, on Title IV of H.R. 3, a bill to enhance the competitiveness of American industry, and for purposes, March 3, 4, and 10, 1987. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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17

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy. The export of Alaskan crude oil: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on S. 1265, to amend the Export Administration Act of 1979 to extend indefinitely the current provisions governing the export of certain domestically produced crude oil, March 16, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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18

Norah, Gallagher, and Shan Wenhua. 5 Monetary Transfer. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law:iic/9780199230259.003.005.

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The transfer or repatriation of funds provision in bilateral investment treaties (BITs) is at the heart of the object and purpose of an investment treaty. The main aim of BITs is to encourage investment by investors of one state into the other state. This chapter discusses the types of payments covered in the repatriation provisions in China's BITs. It includes the scope of the clause and whether it covers both outward and inward transfer of funds. It looks at the types of payments that are covered by the transfer provisions and whether it is an illustrative list or an exhaustive one. It then considers the important provision on convertibility and exchange rates, what they mean, and when they are designated. Finally, the chapter looks at provisions typical to China's BIT provisions on transfer of funds, in particular the limitation on monetary transfers to compliance with “domestic laws and regulations.” The chapter also considers briefly the impact of the pending litigation before the ECJ against several member states on the scope of the transfer provisions in some of their BITs (including some with China) entered into before acceding to the EC Treaty.

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19

Ocampo, José Antonio. The Provision of Global Liquidity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718116.003.0002.

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This chapter starts by analysing three major problems of the current international monetary system: the asymmetric-adjustment problem, dependence on the monetary policy of the main reserve-issuing country, and the large demand for self-insurance by developing countries. It then explores two basic alternatives to reform the system: one route would involve a fully-fledged multi-currency reserve system; the alternative route would be to design an architecture based on the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), the world’s only truly global reserve asset. These two alternative routes could be mixed in a number of ways, and in fact their complementary use may be the only possible way forward. Under such a mixed system, SDRs would become a major global reserve asset and the source of financing for IMF lending, but national/regional currencies would continue to be used as international means of payment and stores of value.

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20

Ocampo, José Antonio. Resetting the International Monetary (Non)System. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198718116.001.0001.

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This book provides an analysis of the global monetary system and the necessary reforms that it should undergo to play an active role in the twenty-first century. As its title indicates, its basic diagnosis is that it is an ad hoc framework rather than a coherent system—a ‘non-system’—which evolved after the breakdown of the original Bretton Woods arrangement in the early 1970s. The book places a special focus on the asymmetries that emerging and developing countries face within the current system, and therefore on the development dimensions of the global monetary system and of global monetary reform. The book proposes a comprehensive yet evolutionary reform of the system that includes: (i) provision of international liquidity through a system that mixes the multi-currency arrangement with a more active use of the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights (SDRs), the only true global currency that has been created; (ii) stronger mechanisms of macroeconomic policy cooperation, including greater cooperation in exchange rate management, and freedom to manage capital flows as a complement to counter-cyclical macroeconomic policy and other instruments of financial regulation; (iii) additional automatic balance-of-payments financing facilities, and the complementary use of swap and regional arrangements; (iv) a multilateral sovereign debt workout mechanism; and (v) major reforms of the system’s governance, based on a more representative apex organization, more equitable participation of emerging and developing countries in decision-making, and a network of global, regional, inter-regional, and sub-regional organizations.

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21

Yesim, Atamer. Ch.6 Performance, s.1: Performance in general, Art.6.1.13. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0118.

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This commentary analyses Article 6.1.13 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning imputation of non-monetary obligations. In most jurisdictions, there is no special provision regarding the imputation of non-monetary obligations. Either the statutory provisions are formulated to cover all fungible obligations, be they monetary or otherwise, or the courts accept an analogous application of the imputation rule for monetary obligations. In contrast, Art 6.1.13 clarifies that such imputation rules can be applied mutatis mutandis to all other fungible obligations. If, for example, the obligor has to deliver identical cargoes of cement under different contracts, appropriation is first made according to the specifications of the obligor. In the absence of such specifications, Art 6.1.12(2) stipulates that the right of imputation should pass to the obligee.

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22

Francesca, Mazza. Ch.9 Assignment of rights, transfer of obligations, assignment of contracts, s.1: Assignment of rights, Art.9.1.4. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0173.

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This commentary analyses Article 9.1.4 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning partial assignment. Art 9.1.4 recognizes the economic need for assigning part of a right. Taking into account the underlying rationale of Section 9.1 of the PICC that the assignment should not burden the obligor, Art 9.1.4 draws a distinction between a right to the payment of a monetary sum and a right to other performance. According to this provision, a right to the payment of a monetary sum may be assigned partially. A right to other performance may be assigned partially only if it is divisible, and the assignment does not render the obligation significantly more burdensome. This commentary discusses the right to the payment of a monetary sum, right to other performance, the divisibility of a right, the additional burden that a partial assignment may put on the obligor, and the effects of partial assignment on the obligee and obligor.

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23

Ewan, McKendrick. Ch.7 Non-performance, s.4: Damages, Art.7.4.11. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0160.

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This commentary analyses Article 7.4.11 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the manner of monetary redress. According to Art 7.4.11, damages are to be paid in a lump sum. However, they may be payable in instalments where the nature of the harm makes this appropriate. Damages to be paid in instalments may be subjected to indexation. This provision was considered to be ‘the mode of payment best suited to international trade’. A lump sum payment enables the parties to settle their dispute, draw a line under their relationship (assuming the contract to have been terminated), and move on to new contractual relationships elsewhere. It also avoids the administrative burdens associated with periodical payments of damages.

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24

Ewan, McKendrick. Ch.7 Non-performance, s.4: Damages, Art.7.4.12. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198702627.003.0161.

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This commentary analyses Article 7.4.12 of the UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts (PICC) concerning the currency in which to assess damages. Art 7.4.12 deals with the assessment of damages and the currency in which damages are to be assessed, and not with the currency of payment under the contract. According to this provision, damages are to be assessed either in the currency in which the monetary obligation was expressed or in the currency in which the harm was suffered, whichever is more appropriate. The text of Art 7.4.12 does not make it clear who is to decide which currency is ‘more appropriate’ for this purpose. However, the Official Comment states that the choice between the two currencies is ‘left to the aggrieved party, provided that the principle of full compensation is respected’.

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25

Jeswald W, Salacuse. 10 Monetary Transfers and Treatment. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703976.003.0010.

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The ability of a foreign investor to make international monetary payments freely both into and out of a host country is crucial to the success of any foreign investment. Investors need to transfer funds into the host country in order to establish an investment, operate it, expand it, and support it during economic hard times. This chapter discusses special treatment standards relating to monetary transfers. Treaty provisions on monetary transfers often address six basic issues: the general scope of the investor’s rights to make monetary transfers; the types of payments that are covered by such right; the nature of the currency in which payments may be made; the applicable exchange rate; the time within which the host state must allow the investor to make transfers; and exceptions to the right to make monetary transfers.

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26

Amtenbrink, Fabian, Christoph Herrmann, and René Repasi, eds. The EU Law of Economic and Monetary Union. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198793748.001.0001.

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Presenting a sweeping analysis of the legal foundations, institutions, and substantive legal issues in EU monetary integration, The EU Law of Economic and Monetary Union serves as an authoritative reference on the legal framework of European economic and monetary union. The book opens by setting out the broader contexts for the European project - historical, economic, political, and regarding the international framework. It goes on to examine the constitutional architecture of EMU; the main institutions and their legal powers; the core legal provisions of monetary and economic union; and the relationship of EMU with EU financial market and banking regulation. The concluding section analyses the current EMU crisis and the main avenues of future reform.

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27

Foreign investment: Analyzing national security-related investments under the Exon-Florio Provision : statement of Allan I. Mendelowitz, Director, International Trade and Finance Issues, General Government Division, before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy, Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate. [Washington, D.C.]: The Office, 1992.

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28

United States. General Accounting Office. and United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy., eds. Foreign investment: Analyzing national security-related investments under the Exon-Florio Provision : statement of Allan I. Mendelowitz, Director, International Trade and Finance Issues, General Government Division, before the Subcommittee on International Finance and Monetary Policy, Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, U.S. Senate. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1992.

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29

Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 20. Free Movement of Capital and Economic and Monetary Union. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0020.

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All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter, focuses on the free movement of capital and economic and monetary union (EMU). It first considers the movement of capital, one of the four freedoms enshrined in the original Rome Treaty. It then discusses EMU and analyzes the movement towards EMU, and the Treaty provisions that set the legal framework for EMU. The chapter considers arguments for and against EMU and the position of the European Central Bank, concluding with an overview of the stresses and strains of EMU in the light of the banking and financial crisis.

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30

Davies, Aled. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804116.003.0006.

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The aim of this book has been to evaluate the relationship between Britain’s financial sector, based in the City of London, and the social democratic economic strategy of post-war Britain. The central argument presented in the book was that changes to the City during the 1960s and 1970s undermined a number of the key post-war social democratic techniques designed to sustain and develop a modern industrial economy. Financial institutionalization weakened the state’s ability to influence investment, and the labour movement was unable successfully to integrate the institutionalized funds within a renewed social democratic economic agenda. The post-war settlement in banking came under strain in the 1960s as new banking and credit institutions developed that the state struggled to manage. This was exacerbated by the decision to introduce competition among the clearing banks in 1971, which further weakened the state’s capacity to control the provision and allocation of credit to the real economy. The resurrection of an unregulated global capital market, centred on London, overwhelmed the capacity of the state to pursue domestic-focused macroeconomic policies—a problem worsened by the concurrent collapse of the Bretton Woods international monetary system. Against this background, the fundamental social democratic assumption that national prosperity could be achieved only through industry-led growth and modernization was undermined by an effective campaign to reconceptualize Britain as a fundamentally financial and commercial nation with the City of London at its heart....

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31

Olivier, Hubert. 14 France. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198808589.003.0014.

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This chapter examines the law of set-off in France and how the country's bankruptcy law may affect the effectiveness of set-off. In France, set-off has been reaffirmed by specific rules regarding the netting of derivative products or by the EU Directive on Financial Collateral Arrangements (Collateral Directive). Other laws with relevant provisions for set-off include the French Civil Code and the French Monetary and Financial Code. The chapter first provides an overview of set-off between solvent parties, focusing on legal set-off, contractual set-off, enhanced set-off of financial obligations, cash-pooling arrangements, and security interests. It then considers set-off against insolvent parties, taking into account issues relating to automatic stay, fraudulent transfers/suspect period, and set-off of financial obligations after opening of an insolvency procedure. It also discusses the key set-off provisions of the Collateral Directive before concluding with an analysis of the law applicable to set-off in a cross-border context.

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32

Jeswald W, Salacuse. The Law of Investment Treaties. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703976.001.0001.

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The rapid growth in investment treaties has led to a burgeoning number of international arbitration decisions that have applied and interpreted treaty provisions in disputes between investors and states concerning their respective rights. This flurry of treaties and arbitral decisions has seen the creation of a new branch of international law - the law of investment claims. In this revised second edition, Jeswald Salacuse examines the law of international investment treaties, specifically in relation to its origins, structure, content, and effect, as well as their impact on international investors and investments, and the governments that are parties to them. Specific topics include conditions for the entry of foreign investment and general standards of treatment of foreign investments; monetary transfers; operational conditions; protection against expropriation; dispossession and compensation for losses; dispute settlement, including negotiation, arbitration, and conciliation; and judicial proceedings.

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33

Moses, Jonathon W., and Bjørn Letnes. The International Context. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198787174.003.0002.

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When Norway discovered its petroleum resources, the world was a very different place, with greater opportunities for domestic management of the economy (including the rise of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), and sundry nationalization efforts). International organizations such as the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, and the European Union (then the EEC) had not yet begun their drive to liberalize the global economy, by discouraging nationalization, regulation, and local content provisions (for example). At the same time, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) oil crises meant that Norway became an extremely attractive investment site for international oil companies worried about political turmoil in the Middle East. As a result, the Norwegian authorities were able to build out their administrative apparatus at a time when there were few international constraints placed upon them. Developing countries today are working under a significantly different international context.

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34

Makatjane, Katleho, and Roscoe van Wyk. Identifying structural changes in the exchange rates of South Africa as a regime-switching process. UNU-WIDER, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2020/919-8.

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Exchange rate volatility is said to exemplify the economic health of a country. Exchange rate break points (known as structural breaks) have a momentous impact on the macroeconomy of a country. Nonetheless, this country study makes use of both unsupervised and supervised machine learning algorithms to classify structural changes as regime shifts in real exchange rates in South Africa. Weekly data for the period January 2003–June 2020 are used. To these data we apply both non-linear principal component analysis and Markov-switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity. The former approach is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data using an orthogonal linear transformation by preserving the statistical variance of the data, with the proviso that a new trait is non-linearly independent, and it identifies the number of regime switches that are to be used in the Markov-switching model. The latter is used to partition the variance in each regime by allowing an estimation of multiple break transitions. The transition breakpoints estimates derived from this machine learning approach produce results that are comparable to other methods on similar system sizes. Application of these methods shows that the machine learning approach can also be employed to identify structural changes as a regime-switching process. During times of financial crisis, the growing concern over exchange rate volatility, including its adverse effects on employment and growth, broadens the debates on exchange rate policies. Our results should help the South African monetary policy committee to anticipate when exchange rates will pick up and be prepared for the effects of periods of high exchange rates.

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