Статті в журналах: "Molecules - Industrial Interest"

1

Gomes dos Santos, Tiago, Geovânia Cordeiro de Assis, Antonio Osimar Sousa da Silva, and Simoni Margareti Plentz Meneghetti. "Sn Species as a Potential Catalyst in Fructose Conversion in Molecules of Industrial Interest." Revista Virtual de Química 13, no. 2 (2021): 480–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20200156.

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2

Remonatto, Daniela, and Lindomar Alberto Lerin. "Biocatalysis and Bioactive Molecules: Future and Development." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 6 (March 14, 2023): 5571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065571.

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3

Nitschke, Marcia, Siddhartha G. V. A. O. Costa, and Jonas Contiero. "Rhamnolipids and PHAs: Recent reports on Pseudomonas-derived molecules of increasing industrial interest." Process Biochemistry 46, no. 3 (March 2011): 621–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2010.12.012.

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4

Andres, C. J., Derek J. Denhart, Milind S. Deshpande, and Kevin W. Gillman. "Recent Advances in the Solid Phase Synthesis of Drug Heterocyclic Small Molecules." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 2, no. 4 (August 1999): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207302666220204193145.

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Abstract: Because of their synthetic challenge, broad range of physical I chemical properties, and diverse biological activities, heterocycles continue to be of interest to both the academic and industrial chemist. This review covers recent advances in the solid phase synthesis of drug-like heterocyclic small molecules. Syntheses which form the heterocycle on the solid phase are emphasized; syntheses in which a preformed heterocycle is functionalized on the solid support have been omitted. The majority of references are from publication year 1999. This review should be of interest to anyone involved in, or contemplating the solid phase synthesis of small molecule drug-like heterocycles, especially for combinatorial chemistry applications.

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5

Achar, Tapas Kumar, Anima Bose, and Prasenjit Mal. "Mechanochemical synthesis of small organic molecules." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 13 (September 11, 2017): 1907–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.13.186.

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With the growing interest in renewable energy and global warming, it is important to minimize the usage of hazardous chemicals in both academic and industrial research, elimination of waste, and possibly recycle them to obtain better results in greener fashion. The studies under the area of mechanochemistry which cover the grinding chemistry to ball milling, sonication, etc. are certainly of interest to the researchers working on the development of green methodologies. In this review, a collection of examples on recent developments in organic bond formation reactions like carbon–carbon (C–C), carbon–nitrogen (C–N), carbon–oxygen (C–O), carbon–halogen (C–X), etc. is documented. Mechanochemical syntheses of heterocyclic rings, multicomponent reactions and organometallic molecules including their catalytic applications are also highlighted.

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6

Kontaxakis, Emmanouil, Emmanouil Trantas, and Filippos Ververidis. "Resveratrol: A Fair Race Towards Replacing Sulfites in Wines." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 2378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102378.

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In recent years, significant efforts to produce healthier wines has led to the replacement or reduction of the addition of sulfites, using alternative substances or techniques. Resveratrol and related biophenols seem to be of great interest, since beyond their protective nature and contrary to sulfites they can positively affect consumer health. These bioactive phytochemicals are naturally produced in grapes as evolutionary acquired mechanisms against pathogens and UV irradiation. However, despite the efforts made so far attempting to develop economic and industrially adopted isolation techniques, available quantities of these biophenols for commercial use are still quite limited. Therefore, such molecules are still not able to meet the needs of industrial use due to their prohibitive marketable cost. In this review we summarize the efforts that have been made to biosynthesize these molecules through alternative, innovative ways. Increasing interest in modern biotechnological approaches has shed light on the exploitation of metabolically engineered microbial factories, instead of plants, to produce molecules of industrial interest. Such approaches, also reviewed here, are expected to lower the cost and appear promising to produce enough surplus to attract further oenological experimentation upon yielding functional wines. This development is expected to attract further industrial attention, continuing the race to partially or totally replace the external addition of sulfites. We also review important physicochemical properties of resveratrol in relation to enriching wines.

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Valencia-Hernandez, Leidy Johana, Jorge E. Wong-Paz, Juan Alberto Ascacio-Valdés, Mónica L. Chávez-González, Juan Carlos Contreras-Esquivel, and Cristóbal N. Aguilar. "Procyanidins: From Agro-Industrial Waste to Food as Bioactive Molecules." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 20, 2021): 3152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123152.

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Procyanidins are an important group of bioactive molecules known for their benefits to human health. These compounds are promising in the treatment of chronic metabolic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease, as they prevent cell damage related to oxidative stress. It is necessary to study effective extraction methods for the recovery of these components. In this review, advances in the recovery of procyanidins from agro-industrial wastes are presented, which are obtained through ultrasound-assisted extraction, microwave-assisted extraction, supercritical fluid extraction, pressurized fluid extraction and subcritical water extraction. Current trends focus on the extraction of procyanidins from seeds, peels, pomaces, leaves and bark in agro-industrial wastes, which are extracted by ultrasound. Some techniques have been coupled with environmentally friendly techniques. There are few studies focused on the extraction and evaluation of biological activities of procyanidins. The identification and quantification of these compounds are the result of the study of the polyphenolic profile of plant sources. Antioxidant, antibiotic, and anti-inflammatory activity are presented as the biological properties of greatest interest. Agro-industrial wastes can be an economical and easily accessible source for the extraction of procyanidins.

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8

Delbecq, Frederic, and Christophe Len. "Recent Advances in the Microwave-Assisted Production of Hydroxymethylfurfural by Hydrolysis of Cellulose Derivatives—A Review." Molecules 23, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1973. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23081973.

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The concepts of sustainable development, bioeconomy, and circular economy are being increasingly applied for the synthesis of molecules of industrial interest. Among these molecules, hydroxymethylfurfural as a platform molecule is the subject of various research approaches to improve its synthesis and productivity, and extend its potential uses. Accordingly, this review paper aims essentially at outlining recent breakthroughs obtained in the field of hydroxymethylfurfural production from sugars and polysaccharide feedstocks under microwave-assisted technology. The review discusses advances obtained via microwave activation in major production pathways recently explored, split into the following categories: (i) use of various homogeneous catalysts like mineral or organic acids, metal salts, or ionic liquids; (ii) feedstock dehydration making use of various solid acid catalysts; and (iii) non-catalytic routes.

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9

Crampon, Christelle, Olivier Boutin, and Elisabeth Badens. "Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Molecules of Interest from Microalgae and Seaweeds." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 50, no. 15 (August 3, 2011): 8941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie102297d.

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10

Cruz-Moreno, Byanka A., Ana Angélica Feregrino Pérez, Juan Fernando García-Trejo, Sergio Alfonso Pérez-García, and Claudia Gutiérrez-Antonio. "Identification of Secondary Metabolites of Interest in Pleurotus djamor Using Agave tequilana Bagasse." Molecules 28, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28020557.

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Agro-industrial residues represent more than 60% of organic wastes worldwide, which could be used to generate other by-products or to be incorporated into other production chains. For example, bagasse is a waste from the tequila industry in Mexico that could be implemented for mushroom cultivation. Additionally, the substrate influences the growth, development, and production of secondary metabolites of fungi. This work presents a comparative experiment that studies the metabolite production in Pleurotus djamor mushrooms on agave bagasse and barley straw (traditional substrate). The biological efficiency (BE), yield, phenolics and flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, tannins, and the identification of low molecular weight metabolites were evaluated. Five treatments were proposed according to the following mixtures of agave bagasse: barley straw: T1 (1:0), T2 (3:1), T3 (1:1), T4 (1:3), and T5 (0:1). T2 had the highest yield (13.39 ± 3.23%), BE (56.7 ± 13.71%), and flavonoids (44.25 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g); T3 obtained the highest phenol content (230.27 mg GAE/g); and T1 the highest tannins content (0.23 mg (+) catechin equivalent (CE)/g). Finally, T1 and T5 are the ones that present the greatest number of primary metabolites, including hydroxycitric acid, 2-deoxy-D-galactose, D-mannose, paromomycin, palmitic acid, pyrrole, mannitol, and DL arabinose, while in T2, T3, and T4 only two chemical compounds were found present (palmitic acid and pyrrole in T2, silicic acid and pyrrole in T3 and 2-deoxy-D-galactose and quinoline in T4). The cultivation substrate influences the concentration of bioactive molecules in the fruiting bodies of P. djamor. Additionally, P. djamor’s degradation of agave bagasse residue generates a potential application for agro-industrial residue management at a low cost.

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11

Löwe, Jana, and Harald Gröger. "Fatty Acid Hydratases: Versatile Catalysts to Access Hydroxy Fatty Acids in Efficient Syntheses of Industrial Interest." Catalysts 10, no. 3 (March 3, 2020): 287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10030287.

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The utilization of hydroxy fatty acids has gained more and more attention due to its applicability in many industrial building blocks that require it, for example, polymers or fragrances. Furthermore, hydroxy fatty acids are accessible from biorenewables, thus contributing to a more sustainable raw material basis for industrial chemicals. Therefore, a range of investigations were done on fatty acid hydratases (FAHs), since these enzymes catalyze the addition of water to an unsaturated fatty acid, thus providing an elegant route towards hydroxy-substituted fatty acids. Besides the discovery and characterization of fatty acid hydratases (FAHs), the design and optimization of syntheses with these enzymes, the implementation in elaborate cascades, and the improvement of these biocatalysts, by way of mutation in terms of the substrate scope, has been investigated. This mini-review focuses on the research done on process development using fatty acid hydratases as a catalyst. It is notable that biotransformations, running at impressive substrate loadings of up to 280 g L−1, have been realized. A further topic of this mini-review is the implementation of fatty acid hydratases in cascade reactions. In such cascades, fatty acid hydratases were, in particular, combined with alcohol dehydrogenases (ADH), Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenases (BVMO), transaminases (TA) and hydrolases, thus enabling access to a broad variety of molecules that are of industrial interest.

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12

Lopez, Lauren M., Brent H. Shanks, and Linda J. Broadbelt. "Identification of bioprivileged molecules: expansion of a computational approach to broader molecular space." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 6, no. 6 (2021): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1me00013f.

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13

RUIZ, S. V., and H. S. SILVA. "SYNTHESIS OF MAGNETIC ACTIVATED CARBONS FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTE." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 49, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2019.363.

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The application of magnetic particle technology has shown great potential to solve problems in advanced technological areas/fields. Materials which exhibit superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature are particularly interesting because, among other applications, they are able to adsorb molecules of interest from liquid or gaseous streams and could be separated through the use of a magnetic field. In this work, magnetic activated carbons (MACs) were prepared by the deposition of a magnetic phase onto the porous structure of an activated carbon (AC) obtained from industrial waste (peach stones). Different methods to introduce the magnetic phase onto the porous matrix were used. The variation on the textural properties of MAC in contrast with the corresponding AC, was evaluated from adsorption of nitrogen at 77K studies. The magnetic phase was identified by XRD and the surface chemical composition by EDS. The behavior of MACs under a variable external magnetic field (hysteresis cycle) and under a fixed external magnetic field, was analized.

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14

Barsanti, Laura, Lorenzo Birindelli, and Paolo Gualtieri. "Paramylon and Other Bioactive Molecules in Micro and Macroalgae." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 8301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158301.

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Many algae synthesize compounds that have exceptional properties of nutraceutical, pharmacological, and biomedical interest. Pigments, fatty acids, phenols, and polysaccharides are among the main compounds investigated so far. Polysaccharides are the most exploited compounds, widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and chemical industries, which are at present entering into more advanced applications by gaining importance, from a therapeutic point of view, as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumor, and immunomodulatory agents. Establishing algae as an alternative supplement would complement the sustainable and environmental requirements in the framework of human health and well-being. This review focuses on the proprieties and uses of the main micro- and macroalgae metabolites, describing their potential for application in the different industrial sectors, from food/feed to chemical and pharmacological. Further, current technologies involved in bioactive molecule extraction strategies are documented.

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15

Sánchez-Fernández, José Antonio. "Structural Strategies for Supramolecular Hydrogels and Their Applications." Polymers 15, no. 6 (March 9, 2023): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061365.

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Supramolecular structures are of great interest due to their applicability in various scientific and industrial fields. The sensible definition of supramolecular molecules is being set by investigators who, because of the different sensitivities of their methods and observational timescales, may have different views on as to what constitutes these supramolecular structures. Furthermore, diverse polymers have been found to offer unique avenues for multifunctional systems with properties in industrial medicine applications. Aspects of this review provide different conceptual strategies to address the molecular design, properties, and potential applications of self-assembly materials and the use of metal coordination as a feasible and useful strategy for constructing complex supramolecular structures. This review also addresses systems that are based on hydrogel chemistry and the enormous opportunities to design specific structures for applications that demand enormous specificity. According to the current research status on supramolecular hydrogels, the central ideas in the present review are classic topics that, however, are and will be of great importance, especially the hydrogels that have substantial potential applications in drug delivery systems, ophthalmic products, adhesive hydrogels, and electrically conductive hydrogels. The potential interest shown in the technology involving supramolecular hydrogels is clear from what we can retrieve from the Web of Science.

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Patel, Aashka Y., Keertana S. Jonnalagadda, Nicholas Paradis, Timothy D. Vaden, Chun Wu, and Gregory A. Caputo. "Effects of Ionic Liquids on Metalloproteins." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020514.

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In the past decade, innovative protein therapies and bio-similar industries have grown rapidly. Additionally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been an area of great interest and rapid development in industrial processes over a similar timeline. Therefore, there is a pressing need to understand the structure and function of proteins in novel environments with ILs. Understanding the short-term and long-term stability of protein molecules in IL formulations will be key to using ILs for protein technologies. Similarly, ILs have been investigated as part of therapeutic delivery systems and implicated in numerous studies in which ILs impact the activity and/or stability of protein molecules. Notably, many of the proteins used in industrial applications are involved in redox chemistry, and thus often contain metal ions or metal-associated cofactors. In this review article, we focus on the current understanding of protein structure-function relationship in the presence of ILs, specifically focusing on the effect of ILs on metal containing proteins.

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17

De Luca, Maria, Ilaria Pappalardo, Antonina Rita Limongi, Emanuele Viviano, Rosa Paola Radice, Simona Todisco, Giuseppe Martelli, Vittoria Infantino, and Antonio Vassallo. "Lipids from Microalgae for Cosmetic Applications." Cosmetics 8, no. 2 (June 17, 2021): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8020052.

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In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using microalgal lipids in the food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries. Several microalgal species can accumulate appreciable lipid quantities and therefore are characterized as oleaginous. In cosmetic formulations, lipids and their derivatives are one of the main ingredients. Different lipid classes are great moisturizing, emollient, and softening agents, work as surfactants and emulsifiers, give consistence to products, are color and fragrance carriers, act as preservatives to maintain products integrity, and can be part of the molecules delivery system. In the past, chemicals have been widely used but today’s market and customers’ demands are oriented towards natural products. Microalgae are an extraordinary source of lipids and other many bioactive molecules. Scientists’ attention to microalgae cultivation for their industrial application is increasing. For the high costs associated, commercialization of microalgae and their products is still not very widespread. The possibility to use biomass for various industrial purposes could make microalgae more economically competitive.

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Oliveira, Daniele S., Rafael B. Lima, Sibele B. C. Pergher, and Vinícius P. S. Caldeira. "Hierarchical Zeolite Synthesis by Alkaline Treatment: Advantages and Applications." Catalysts 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13020316.

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Zeolites are of great interest to the scientific and industrial communities due to their interesting catalytic properties, such as high specific area, shape selectivity, and thermal and hydrothermal stability. For this reason, zeolites have been intensively studied and applied in several reactions of great industrial interest. However, the size of zeolite micropores may hinder the diffusion of bulky molecules in the pore system, limiting the use of zeolites in some reactions/applications that use bulky molecules. One way to address this limitation is to generate secondary porosity (in the range of supermicropores, mesopores and/or macropores) in such a way that it connects with the existing micropores, creating a hierarchical pore system. There are different hierarchical approaches; however, most are not economically viable and are complicated/time-consuming. Alkaline treatment has been highlighted in recent years due to its excellent results, simplicity, speed and low cost. In this review, we highlight the importance of alkaline treatment in the generation of secondary porosity and the parameters that influence alkaline treatment in different zeolitic structures. The properties and catalytic performance of hierarchical zeolites prepared by alkaline treatment are extensively discussed. It is expected that this approach will be useful for understanding how alkaline treatment acts on different hierarchical structures and will thus open doors to achieve other hierarchical zeolites by this method.

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19

Hudson, Matthew, Wendy Queen, and Craig Brown. "In-situ Gas Dosed Powder Diffraction Under Industrially Relevant Conditions." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098416.

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The adsorption of small molecules onto functionalized, high surface area microporous materials is important for the advancement of industrial and environmental processes ranging from catalysis and chemical separations, to CO2 sequestration and energy storage. Over the past several years we have focused our research efforts on understanding the molecular interactions of these small molecules with a variety of microporous materials using in-situ powder diffraction methods to correlate structure with chemical properties. Background will be given on the design of gas dosing apparatus for in-situ diffraction studies at synchrotron X-ray and neutron powder beamlines. The result is that accurate doses can be made per quantity of interest (moles of cations, per unit cell, per pore, etc.), or under high pressures (100 bar), and/or chemical reactions can be followed versus temperature/pressure. Several of our recent investigations of CO2/N2/CH4 sorption in cation-exchange zeolites including Zeolite A (5A) and CHA are presented. While many industrial processes use zeolites to carry out these functions, more emphasis has been placed on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) on late since their properties can be tuned by varying the synthetic components. A number of studies on an isostructural series, M-MOF-74, have been considered investigating why certain functionalization leads to increased specificity for applications such as CO2, O2, CO, and hydrocarbon separations. The ultimate goal is to use the knowledge gained to improve the design of new MOF materials.

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20

Anestopoulos, Ioannis, Despoina Eugenia Kiousi, Ariel Klavaris, Alex Galanis, Karina Salek, Stephen R. Euston, Aglaia Pappa, and Mihalis I. Panayiotidis. "Surface Active Agents and Their Health-Promoting Properties: Molecules of Multifunctional Significance." Pharmaceutics 12, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics12070688.

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Surface active agents (SAAs) are molecules with the capacity to adsorb to solid surfaces and/or fluid interfaces, a property that allows them to act as multifunctional ingredients (e.g., wetting and dispersion agents, emulsifiers, foaming and anti-foaming agents, lubricants, etc.) in a widerange of the consumer products of various industrial sectors (e.g., pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, personal care, detergents, food, etc.). Given their widespread utilization, there is a continuously growing interest to explore their role in consumer products (relevant to promoting human health) and how such information can be utilized in order to synthesize better chemical derivatives. In this review article, weaimed to provide updated information on synthetic and biological (biosurfactants) SAAs and their health-promoting properties (e.g., anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-aging) in an attempt to better define some of the underlying mechanism(s) by which they exert such properties.

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Khan, Riaz A., Hamdoon A. Mohammed, Ghassan M. Sulaiman, Amal Al Subaiyel, Arjunan Karuppaiah, Habibur Rahman, Sifiso Makhathini, Poornima Ramburrun, and Yahya E. Choonara. "Molecule(s) of Interest: I. Ionic Liquids–Gateway to Newer Nanotechnology Applications: Advanced Nanobiotechnical Uses’, Current Status, Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Prospects." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 14346. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214346.

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Ionic liquids are a potent class of organic compounds exhibiting unique physico-chemical properties and structural compositions that are different from the classical dipolar organic liquids. These molecules have found diverse applications in different chemical, biochemical, biophysical fields, and a number of industrial usages. The ionic liquids-based products and procedural applications are being developed for a number of newer industrial purposes, and academic uses in nanotechnology related procedures, processes, and products, especially in nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. The current article overviews their uses in different fields, including applications, functions, and as parts of products and processes at primary and advanced levels. The application and product examples, and prospects in various fields of nanotechnology, domains of nanosystem syntheses, nano-scale product development, the process of membrane filtering, biofilm formation, and bio-separations are prominently discussed. The applications in carbon nanotubes; quantum dots; and drug, gene, and other payload delivery vehicle developments in the nanobiotechnology field are also covered. The broader scopes of applications of ionic liquids, future developmental possibilities in chemistry and different bio-aspects, promises in the newer genres of nanobiotechnology products, certain bioprocesses controls, and toxicity, together with emerging trends, challenges, and prospects are also elaborated.

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22

Osorio, Manuel I., Nicolás Bruna, Víctor García, Lisdelys González-Rodríguez, Matías S. Leal, Francisco Salgado, Matías Vargas-Reyes, Fernando González-Nilo, José M. Pérez-Donoso, and Osvaldo Yáñez. "Structural Factors That Determine the Activity of the Xenobiotic Reductase B Enzyme from Pseudomonas putida on Nitroaromatic Compounds." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 1 (December 26, 2022): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010400.

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Xenobiotic reductase B (XenB) catalyzes the reduction of the aromatic ring or nitro groups of nitroaromatic compounds with methyl, amino or hydroxyl radicals. This reaction is of biotechnological interest for bioremediation, the reuse of industrial waste or the activation of prodrugs. However, the structural factors that explain the binding of XenB to different substrates are unknown. Molecular dynamics simulations and quantum mechanical calculations were performed to identify the residues involved in the formation and stabilization of the enzyme/substrate complex and to explain the use of different substrates by this enzyme. Our results show that Tyr65 and Tyr335 residues stabilize the ligands through hydrophobic interactions mediated by the aromatic rings of these aminoacids. The higher XenB activity determined with the substrates 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene and 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene is consistent with the lower energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) orbitals and a lower energy of the homo orbital (LUMO), which favors electrophile and nucleophilic activity, respectively. The electrostatic potential maps of these compounds suggest that the bonding requires a large hydrophobic region in the aromatic ring, which is promoted by substituents in ortho and para positions. These results are consistent with experimental data and could be used to propose point mutations that allow this enzyme to process new molecules of biotechnological interest.

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23

Amii, Hideki, Aiichiro Nagaki, and Jun-ichi Yoshida. "Flow microreactor synthesis in organo-fluorine chemistry." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 9 (December 5, 2013): 2793–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.9.314.

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Organo-fluorine compounds are the substances of considerable interest in various industrial fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Despite increased demand in wide fields of science, synthesis of fluoro-organic compounds is still often faced with problems such as the difficulties in handling of fluorinating reagents and in controlling of chemical reactions. Recently, flow microreactor synthesis has emerged as a new methodology for producing chemical substances with high efficiency. This review outlines the successful examples of synthesis and reactions of fluorine-containing molecules by the use of flow microreactor systems to overcome long-standing problems in fluorine chemistry.

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24

Ricci, Alfredo. "Asymmetric Organocatalysis at the Service of Medicinal Chemistry." ISRN Organic Chemistry 2014 (March 11, 2014): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/531695.

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The application of the most representative and up-to-date examples of homogeneous asymmetric organocatalysis to the synthesis of molecules of interest in medicinal chemistry is reported. The use of different types of organocatalysts operative via noncovalent and covalent interactions is critically reviewed and the possibility of running some of these reactions on large or industrial scale is described. A comparison between the organo- and metal-catalysed methodologies is offered in several cases, thus highlighting the merits and drawbacks of these two complementary approaches to the obtainment of very popular on market drugs or of related key scaffolds.

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25

Liu, Qiang, and Li-Zhu Wu. "Recent advances in visible-light-driven organic reactions." National Science Review 4, no. 3 (April 8, 2017): 359–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx039.

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Abstract In recent years, visible-light-driven organic reactions have been experiencing a significant renaissance in response to topical interest in environmentally friendly green chemical synthesis. The transformations using inexpensive, readily available visible-light sources have come to the forefront in organic chemistry as a powerful strategy for the activation of small molecules. In this review, we focus on recent advances in the development of visible-light-driven organic reactions, including aerobic oxidation, hydrogen-evolution reactions, energy-transfer reactions and asymmetric reactions. These key research topics represent a promising strategy towards the development of practical, scalable industrial processes with great environmental benefits.

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Vollet Marson, Gabriela, Marie-Pierre Belleville, Stella Lacour, and Miriam Dupas Hubinger. "Membrane Fractionation of Protein Hydrolysates from By-Products: Recovery of Valuable Compounds from Spent Yeasts." Membranes 11, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11010023.

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Spent brewer’s yeast (Saccharomyces sp.), the second most generated by-product from the brewing industry, contains bioactive and nutritional compounds with high added value such as proteins (40–50%), polysaccharides, fibers and vitamins. Molecules of interest from agro-industrial by-products need to be extracted, separated, concentrated, and/or purified so that a minimum purity level is achieved, allowing its application. Enzymatic hydrolysis has been successfully used in the production of peptides and protein hydrolysates. The obtained hydrolysates require efficient downstream processes such as membrane technology, which is an important tool for the recovery of thermolabile and sensitive compounds from complex mixtures, with low energy consumption and high specificity. The integration of membrane techniques that promote the separation through sieving and charge-based mechanisms is of great interest to improve the purity of the recovered fractions. This review is specifically addressed to the application of membrane technologies for the recovery of peptides from yeast protein hydrolysates. Fundamental concepts and practical aspects relative to the ultrafiltration of agro-industrial protein hydrolysates will be described. Challenges and perspectives involving the recovery of peptides from yeast protein hydrolysates will be presented and thoroughly discussed.

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Poulson, Benjamin Gabriel, Qana A. Alsulami, Abeer Sharfalddin, Emam F. El Agammy, Fouzi Mouffouk, Abdul-Hamid Emwas, Lukasz Jaremko, and Mariusz Jaremko. "Cyclodextrins: Structural, Chemical, and Physical Properties, and Applications." Polysaccharides 3, no. 1 (December 28, 2021): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides3010001.

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Due to their unique structural, physical and chemical properties, cyclodextrins and their derivatives have been of great interest to scientists and researchers in both academia and industry for over a century. Many of the industrial applications of cyclodextrins have arisen from their ability to encapsulate, either partially or fully, other molecules, especially organic compounds. Cyclodextrins are non-toxic oligopolymers of glucose that help to increase the solubility of organic compounds with poor aqueous solubility, can mask odors from foul-smelling compounds, and have been widely studied in the area of drug delivery. In this review, we explore the structural and chemical properties of cyclodextrins that give rise to this encapsulation (i.e., the formation of inclusion complexes) ability. This review is unique from others written on this subject because it provides powerful insights into factors that affect cyclodextrin encapsulation. It also examines these insights in great detail. Later, we provide an overview of some industrial applications of cyclodextrins, while emphasizing the role of encapsulation in these applications. We strongly believe that cyclodextrins will continue to garner interest from scientists for many years to come, and that novel applications of cyclodextrins have yet to be discovered.

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Govindaraj, Venkatesan, Kuberan Murugan, Jegadeesh Sathaiya, and Praveen Baskar. "Carbon Capture and Storage with Ionic Liquids: Industrial Flue Gas Trapping in Calcination Process." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 20, no. 2 (March 29, 2023): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw230028.

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Despite significant advancements in this area, techniques for collecting commercialised CO2 relying on absorption processes still have significant limits. The main barriers to CO2 capture include high capital costs, lower absorption, and desorption rates, evaporation of solvents and usage of corrosive solvents. Ionic liquids (ILs) and CO2 capture have received a lot of interest recently. Different amines are currently used as solvents, however, ILs are a viable option due to their unique features, such as their affinity to collect CO2 molecules and their minimal vapour pressure. Since greenhouse gas emissions, particularly those of carbon dioxide have a significant impact on global warming, and this subject is generating increased public concern. The carbon capture, use, and sequestration technique appears to be effective in lowering carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere. An overview of previous engineering and research work on many topics, previous engineering and research work on many topics, CO2 capture techniques is provided in this study.

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Sharma, Deepansh, Deepti Singh, Gadhwal Monika Sukhbir-Singh, Bhoomika M. Karamchandani, Gajender Kumar Aseri, Ibrahim M. Banat, and Surekha K. Satpute. "Biosurfactants: Forthcomings and Regulatory Affairs in Food-Based Industries." Molecules 28, no. 6 (March 21, 2023): 2823. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062823.

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The terms discussed in this review—biosurfactants (BSs) and bioemulsifiers (BEs)—describe surface-active molecules of microbial origin which are popular chemical entities for many industries, including food. BSs are generally low-molecular-weight compounds with the ability to reduce surface tension noticeably, whereas BEs are high-molecular-weight molecules with efficient emulsifying abilities. Some other biomolecules, such as lecithin and egg yolk, are useful as natural BEs in food products. The high toxicity and severe ecological impact of many chemical-based surfactants have directed interest towards BSs/BEs. Interest in food surfactant formulations and consumer anticipation of “green label” additives over synthetic or chemical-based surfactants have been steadily increasing. BSs have an undeniable prospective for replacing chemical surfactants with vast significance to food formulations. However, the commercialization of BSs/BEs production has often been limited by several challenges, such as the optimization of fermentation parameters, high downstream costs, and low yields, which had an immense impact on their broader adoptions in different industries, including food. The foremost restriction regarding the access of BSs/BEs is not their lack of cost-effective industrial production methods, but a reluctance regarding their potential safety, as well as the probable microbial hazards that may be associated with them. Most research on BSs/BEs in food production has been restricted to demonstrations and lacks a comprehensive assessment of safety and risk analysis, which has limited their adoption for varied food-related applications. Furthermore, regulatory agencies require extensive exploration and analysis to secure endorsements for the inclusion of BSs/BEs as potential food additives. This review emphasizes the promising properties of BSs/BEs, trailed by an overview of their current use in food formulations, as well as risk and toxicity assessment. Finally, we assess their potential challenges and upcoming future in substituting chemical-based surfactants.

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Zebrowska, Joanna, Małgorzata Witkowska, Anna Struck, Patrycja E. Laszuk, Edyta Raczuk, Małgorzata Ponikowska, Piotr M. Skowron, and Agnieszka Zylicz-Stachula. "Antimicrobial Potential of the Genera Geobacillus and Parageobacillus, as Well as Endolysins Biosynthesized by Their Bacteriophages." Antibiotics 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2022): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11020242.

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In the recent decades, antibiotic resistance has emerged and spread rapidly among clinically relevant pathogens. The natural ability of bacteria to transmit resistance determinants through horizontal gene transfer poses constant challenges to drug development. Natural molecules produced by soil microorganisms continue to be a key source of new antimicrobial agents. In this context, bacteria from the Geobacillus and Parageobacillus genera deserve special attention. Although there is commercial and industrial interest in these microorganisms, the full range of antibacterial compounds biosynthesized by the Geobacillus and Parageobacillus species remains largely unexplored. The aim of this review is to present the strong antimicrobial potential of these bacteria and endolysins produced by their bacteriophages.

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CORRALES-GARCÍA, Ligia L., and Gelmy L. CIRO G. "PEPTIDES WITH ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY PRODUCED BY ISOLATED NATIVE MICROORGANISMS." Vitae 17, no. 2 (July 28, 2010): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.6343.

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Like proteins, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are versatile molecules synthesized by microorganisms using enzymatic pathways with no genetic code instruction. AMP have interesting properties in the food and pharmaceutical industries, like their antimicrobial ability against pathogens. Looking for biomolecules from microorganisms requires hard and time consuming chemical analysis of each microorganism extract. The microorganism isolation method proposed in this research allowed us to find antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, through interaction between a charged dye mixed with selective agar and metabolites produced by microorganisms. Twenty soil samples from different zones were isolated in selective media; thirty five strains were purified based on interaction between basic dye and charged molecules from bacteria. Streptomyces sp. y Bacillus sp. both genera were identified. Protein extracts were obtained from the isolated microorganisms cultivated in liquid media; peptides and amino acids were identified by thin layer chromatography and electrophoresis. Those extracts with high protein level were used to evaluate bioautography. Two extracts from 35 showed inhibitory activity against E. coli ATCC 8739 (8 mm halo). Method effectiveness for the isolation and the purifying of microorganisms able to produce charged molecules, of industrial interest is demonstrated.

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Sharma, Minaxi, Dhananjaya Pratap Singh, Kanchugarakoppal S. Rangappa, Marc Stadler, Pradeep Kumar Mishra, Roberto Nascimento Silva, Ram Prasad, and Vijai Kumar Gupta. "The Biomolecular Spectrum Drives Microbial Biology and Functions in Agri-Food-Environments." Biomolecules 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10030401.

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Microbial biomolecules have huge commercial and industrial potential. In nature, biological interactions are mostly associated with biochemical and biological diversity, especially with the discovery of associated biomolecules from microbes. Within cellular or subcellular systems, biomolecules signify the actual statuses of the microorganisms. Understanding the biological prospecting of the diverse microbial community and their complexities and communications with the environment forms a vital basis for active, innovative biotechnological breakthroughs. Biochemical diversity rather than the specific chemicals that has the utmost biological importance. The identification and quantification of the comprehensive biochemical diversity of the microbial molecules, which generally consequences in a diversity of biological functions, has significant biotechnological potential. Beneficial microbes and their biomolecules of interest can assist as potential constituents for the wide-range of natural product-based preparations and formulations currently being developed on an industrial scale. The understanding of the production methods and functions of these biomolecules will contribute to valorisation of agriculture, food bioprocessing and biopharma, and prevent human diseases related to the environment.

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Rodrigues Machado, Adriana, Tugba Atatoprak, Joana Santos, Elisabete M. C. Alexandre, Manuela Estevez Pintado, Jorge A. P. Paiva, and João Nunes. "Potentialities of the Extraction Technologies and Use of Bioactive Compounds from Winery by-Products: A Review from a Circular Bioeconomy Perspective." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2023): 7754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137754.

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Agro-industrial by-products and by-products from the wine industry (pomace, peels, leaves, stems, and seeds) represent a potential economic interest because they are usually relevant natural sources of bioactive compounds, which may present significant biological activities related to human health and well-being. This article aims to review wine and winery industry by-products as potential natural sources of antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiaging, and anticancer compounds, as well as briefly highlighting the extraction methods used to obtain these bioactive compounds and explore their potential applications in the food, cosmetic, and packaging industries. Although there are some studies of wine industry by-products with different origins, this revision will be mainly focused on the Portuguese vineyard industry since it represents an import industrial sector as proof of the diversity of the bioactive compounds identified. Therefore, the recovery of these bioactive molecules that act as antioxidants and health-promoting agents may promote a variety of industries at the same time as the circular economy.

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Al-Manhel, Alaa J. A. "Application of Microbial Enzymes in Dairy Products: A Review." Basrah Journal of Agricultural Sciences 31, no. 1 (April 15, 2018): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37077/25200860.2018.72.

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Enzymes produced by microbial sources are biological molecules that known to catalysts biochemical reactions which roles involve in lead to stimulate the necessary chemical reactions, as well as to the formation of fermented products. Microbial protease, lipase and ?-galactosidase are important examples of such interest in industrial food and dairy product. This is due to their thermoresistant, thermostability and thermoacidophilic properties. In brief, hydrolyses are the substrate which includes some enzymatic reaction that allows to avoid the health and environmental problems, and also to catalyses chemical reaction during the formation of flavor compounds or prebiotic and other products additives in the production and development of healthy dairy food products. Thus, enzymes are one of the relatively important factor that expected to be utilized in large-scale in the process of products development. This review focused on the importance and application of three major enzymes that microbial produce which are of great interest in dairy industries and have positive impact on consumer’s health.

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Rhazi, Larbi, Flore Depeint, and Alicia Ayerdi Gotor. "Loss in the Intrinsic Quality and the Antioxidant Activity of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Oil during an Industrial Refining Process." Molecules 27, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030916.

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Minor compounds in vegetable oils are of health interest due to their powerful biological antioxidant properties. In order to extend the shelf life of sunflower oil, it is generally subjected to a refining process that can affect these desirable compounds. The main purpose of this study was to determine the effect of this chemical/physical refining process on selected minor components of sunflower oil in order to establish the nutritional quality and health properties of the oil. The oxidative stability, contents of fatty acids, tocopherols, phytosterols, reducing capacity, β-carotene, chlorophyll, and squalene were studied during six refining steps. Quantitative data showed the evolution of oil quality according to its degree of refinement. The results showed a significant decrease for all of the minor compounds analyzed, with losses in carotenoids of 98.6%, 8.5% in tocopherols, 19.5% in phytosterols and 45.0% in squalene. The highest reductions were recorded for the compounds that alter the most the visual aspects of the oil (waxes, carotenoids and chlorophylls) whereas reduction was limited for the compounds with no impact on the organoleptic quality. The losses in the compounds of health interest should be minimized by improving the refining processes and/or having a greater content of those molecules in crude oil by breeding new performing varieties.

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St-Gelais, Alexis, Michel Mathieu, Virginie Levasseur, Jesús Flores Ovando, Ruben Escamilla, and Hubert Marceau. "Preisocalamendiol, Shyobunol and Related Oxygenated Sesquiterpenes from Bolivian Schinus molle Essential Oil." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 4 (April 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100432.

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Five batches of Bolivian Schinus molle essential oils were obtained from pilot and industrial-scale hydrodiffusions. They were analyzed by gas chromatography to find 80 known compounds and two unknown molecules. In particular, preisocalamendiol (5.6–11.0 %) was found to be an important constituent of these oils, along with shyobunol (0.6–3.2 %) and several other related oxygenated sesquiterpenes. These compounds, usually found in Acorus calamus, had not been reported altogether in S. molle essential oils previously. These findings, in light of the GABAA positive modulating effect of shyobunone and preisocalamendiol, along with some traditional uses of S. molle, suggest that further investigation of the tranquilizing properties of these Bolivian oils would be of interest.

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Takahashi, Kazuhiro. "Development of ROS/RNS generation model by discharge electrolysis for new plasma application technology." Impact 2020, no. 1 (February 27, 2020): 60–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.1.60.

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There are four fundamental states of matter – solid, liquid, gas and plasma. Plasma is, perhaps, less well-known than the other three, but nevertheless plays a key role in both the natural world and the industrial and technological world. It is a gas of ions that consists of molecules and atoms that have been stripped of some of their electrons as well as the free electrons that had been removed. Assistant Professor Kazuhiro Takahashi, from the Division of Information and Electronic Engineering at the Muroran Institute of Technology in Japan, has a keen interest in plasma and is aiming to understand plasma and its interaction with water and, through this, develop several useful applications.

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Zhang, Rui, Yundi Zhang, Chunhua Ge, Jinpeng Miao, and Xiangdong Zhang. "Two closely related {4-[(N-substituted amino)(diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]phenyl}boronic acids." Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry 73, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053229616019707.

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Organic phosphonic acids and organic phosphonic acid esters have been of much interest due to their applications in the fields of medicine, agriculture and industrial chemistry. Boronic acids can act as synthetic intermediates and building blocks and are used in sensing, protein manipulation, therapeutics, biological labelling and separation. The additional introduction of an aminophosphonic acid group into a boronic acid may give new opportunities for application. To study the structure of such multifunctional compounds, we prepared two new derivatives which can be easily converted to the corresponding phosphonic acids. In the title compounds, {4-[(butylamino)(diethoxyphosphoryl)methyl]phenyl}boronic acid monohydrate, C15H27BNO5P·H2O, (I), and {4-[(diethoxyphosphoryl)(4-nitroanilino)methyl]phenyl}boronic acid, C17H22BN2O7P, (II), three different substituents are attached to a central C—H group, namely 4-boronophenyl, diethoxyphosphoryl and amine. Compound (I) crystallizes as a monohydrate and OB—H...N hydrogen bonds link neighbouring molecules into chains along the [001] direction. The solvent water molecule connects two such chains running in opposite directions. Compound (II) crystallizes as an ansolvate and classical hydrogen bonds result in a layer structure in the (001) plane.

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39

Alarcón García, Miguel Ángel, Jairo Humberto López Vargas, and Diego Alonso Restrepo Molina. "Agro-industrial fruit co-products in Colombia, their sources and potential uses in processed food industries: a review." Revista Facultad Nacional de Agronomía Medellín 68, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 7729–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rfnam.v68n2.50993.

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Fruit agribusinesses generate large amounts of by-products with diverse characteristics that are inherent to the fruits from which they come, which are a source of great use potential because their compositions include molecules that are currently of high interest (antioxidants and dietary fiber). It is clear that, without correct handling and disposal, theses fruits present a problem due to the environmental pollution that large quantities of residues can generate. Although there are varied uses for agro-industrial co-products, this review focused on the potential uses that co-products could have in different processed food matrices. In this sense, this paper led to the revelation that one of the principal objectives of the reviewed research was to condition co-products for use in processed foods in an attempt to take advantage of the bio-active compounds they contain, principally the natural antioxidant activity, which especially enjoys acceptance by consumers of processed foods.

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40

Sorrentino, Giuseppe. "Introduction to emerging industrial applications of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.)." Rendiconti Lincei. Scienze Fisiche e Naturali 32, no. 2 (March 19, 2021): 233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-021-00979-1.

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AbstractThe Italian Law of 22 November 2016 has legalized the cultivation of hemp, which drives the development of sustainable agriculture by generating new products with high added value in the new context of circular economy. Hemp cultivation is known for its low environmental impact, as hemp grows fast, suppresses weeds and does not need pesticides. It has no specialized parasites, favors pollination and improves the physical and chemical soil fertility. Recently, many countries have increased their interest in hemp (Cannabis Sativa L.), considering it as a climate-friendly crop that can mitigate climate change and desertification. For these reasons, hemp can be a new protagonist of Italian agriculture already oriented towards the objectives of EU 2030 which predicts 40% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions compared to 1990. The hemp cultivation can activate a new supply chain by allowing using different parts of the plant, benefiting farmers, environment, and human health. Indeed, although a very old plant, hemp will be one of the main protagonists of the green economy in the near future. Its seeds can be used by agri-food industry to produce flour, pasta, pastry and oil, while the stem through canapulo (woody part of stem) in green building sector. Its fiber (external part of stem) will find new applications in textile industry. As for its inflorescences and roots, thanks to the extraction of bioactive molecules, they will play an important role in the pharmaceutical and parapharmaceutical industry. Finally, only the medical sector with Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) extraction from inflorescence is not yet regulated by the aforementioned Italian Law.

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Bertini, Laura, Michele Perazzolli, Silvia Proietti, Gloria Capaldi, Daniel V. Savatin, Valentina Bigini, Claudia Maria Oliveira Longa, et al. "Biodiversity and Bioprospecting of Fungal Endophytes from the Antarctic Plant Colobanthus quitensis." Journal of Fungi 8, no. 9 (September 19, 2022): 979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof8090979.

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Microorganisms from extreme environments are considered as a new and valuable reservoir of bioactive molecules of biotechnological interest and are also utilized as tools for enhancing tolerance to (a)biotic stresses in crops. In this study, the fungal endophytic community associated with the leaves of the Antarctic angiosperm Colobanthus quitensis was investigated as a new source of bioactive molecules. We isolated 132 fungal strains and taxonomically annotated 26 representative isolates, which mainly belonged to the Basidiomycota division. Selected isolates of Trametes sp., Lenzites sp., Sistotrema sp., and Peniophora sp. displayed broad extracellular enzymatic profiles; fungal extracts from some of them showed dose-dependent antitumor activity and inhibited the formation of amyloid fibrils of α-synuclein and its pathological mutant E46K. Selected fungal isolates were also able to promote secondary root development and fresh weight increase in Arabidopsis and tomato and antagonize the growth of pathogenic fungi harmful to crops. This study emphasizes the ecological and biotechnological relevance of fungi from the Antarctic ecosystem and provides clues to the bioprospecting of Antarctic Basidiomycetes fungi for industrial, agricultural, and medical applications.

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Schmitz, Auza, Koberidze, Rasche, Fischer, and Bortesi. "Conversion of Chitin to Defined Chitosan Oligomers: Current Status and Future Prospects." Marine Drugs 17, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md17080452.

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Chitin is an abundant polysaccharide primarily produced as an industrial waste stream during the processing of crustaceans. Despite the limited applications of chitin, there is interest from the medical, agrochemical, food and cosmetic industries because it can be converted into chitosan and partially acetylated chitosan oligomers (COS). These molecules have various useful properties, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. The chemical production of COS is environmentally hazardous and it is difficult to control the degree of polymerization and acetylation. These issues can be addressed by using specific enzymes, particularly chitinases, chitosanases and chitin deacetylases, which yield better-defined chitosan and COS mixtures. In this review, we summarize recent chemical and enzymatic approaches for the production of chitosan and COS. We also discuss a design-of-experiments approach for process optimization that could help to enhance enzymatic processes in terms of product yield and product characteristics. This may allow the production of novel COS structures with unique functional properties to further expand the applications of these diverse bioactive molecules.

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Balusamy, Brabu, Anitha Senthamizhan, and Tamer Uyar. "Functionalized Electrospun Nanofibers as a Versatile Platform for Colorimetric Detection of Heavy Metal Ions in Water: A Review." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 25, 2020): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102421.

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The increasing heavy metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem mainly driven by industrial activities has raised severe concerns over human and environmental health that apparently necessitate the design and development of ideal strategies for the effective monitoring of heavy metals. In this regard, colorimetric detection provides excellent opportunities for the easy monitoring of heavy metal ions, and especially, corresponding solid-state sensors enable potential opportunities for their applicability in real-world monitoring. As a result of the significant interest originating from their simplicity, exceptional characteristics, and applicability, the electrospun nanofiber-based colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions has undergone radical developments in the recent decade. This review illustrates the range of various approaches and functional molecules employed in the fabrication of electrospun nanofibers intended for the colorimetric detection of various metal ions in water. We highlight relevant investigations on the fabrication of functionalized electrospun nanofibers encompassing different approaches and functional molecules along with their sensing performance. Furthermore, we discuss upcoming prospectus and future opportunities in the exploration of designing electrospun nanofiber-based colorimetric sensors for real-world applications.

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Grabarczyk, Małgorzata, Wanda Mączka, Anna K. Żołnierczyk, and Katarzyna Wińska. "Transformations of Monoterpenes with the p-Menthane Skeleton in the Enzymatic System of Bacteria, Fungi and Insects." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 20, 2020): 4840. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204840.

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The main objective of this article was to present the possibilities of using the enzymatic system of microorganisms and insects to transform small molecules, such as monoterpenes. The most important advantage of this type of reaction is the possibility of obtaining derivatives that are not possible to obtain with standard methods of organic synthesis or are very expensive to obtain. The interest of industrial centers focuses mainly on obtaining particles of high optical purity, which have the desired biological properties. The cost of obtaining such a compound and the elimination of toxic or undesirable chemical waste is important. Enzymatic reactions based on enzymes alone or whole microorganisms enable obtaining products with a specific structure and purity in accordance with the rules of Green Chemistry.

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45

García-Nafría, Javier, Meike Baumgart, Michael Bott, Anthony J. Wilkinson, and Keith S. Wilson. "TheCorynebacterium glutamicumaconitase repressor: scratching around for crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications 66, no. 9 (August 26, 2010): 1074–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1744309110029015.

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Imperfections on the surfaces of crystallization containers are known to influence crystal formation and are thought to do so by helping to overcome the nucleation barrier. The intentional creation of imperfections has been widely applied to induce crystallization of small molecules, but has not been reported for protein crystallization. Here, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the TetR-type aconitase repressor are reported. This regulator was the first transcription factor to be identified in the regulation of the tricarboxylic acid cycle inCorynebacterium glutamicum, an organism that is of special industrial interest and is an emerging model organism for Corynebacterineae. Successful crystallization involved introducing manual scratches on the surface of standard commercial plates, which led to a substantial improvement in crystal nucleation and quality.

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46

Whitford, Christopher M., Pablo Cruz-Morales, Jay D. Keasling, and Tilmann Weber. "The Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle for metabolic engineering of Streptomycetes." Essays in Biochemistry 65, no. 2 (July 2021): 261–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/ebc20200132.

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Abstract Streptomycetes are producers of a wide range of specialized metabolites of great medicinal and industrial importance, such as antibiotics, antifungals, or pesticides. Having been the drivers of the golden age of antibiotics in the 1950s and 1960s, technological advancements over the last two decades have revealed that very little of their biosynthetic potential has been exploited so far. Given the great need for new antibiotics due to the emerging antimicrobial resistance crisis, as well as the urgent need for sustainable biobased production of complex molecules, there is a great renewed interest in exploring and engineering the biosynthetic potential of streptomycetes. Here, we describe the Design-Build-Test-Learn (DBTL) cycle for metabolic engineering experiments in streptomycetes and how it can be used for the discovery and production of novel specialized metabolites.

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Cotas, João, Adriana Leandro, Pedro Monteiro, Diana Pacheco, Artur Figueirinha, Ana M. M. Gonçalves, Gabriela Jorge da Silva, and Leonel Pereira. "Seaweed Phenolics: From Extraction to Applications." Marine Drugs 18, no. 8 (July 24, 2020): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18080384.

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Seaweeds have attracted high interest in recent years due to their chemical and bioactive properties to find new molecules with valuable applications for humankind. Phenolic compounds are the group of metabolites with the most structural variation and the highest content in seaweeds. The most researched seaweed polyphenol class is the phlorotannins, which are specifically synthesized by brown seaweeds, but there are other polyphenolic compounds, such as bromophenols, flavonoids, phenolic terpenoids, and mycosporine-like amino acids. The compounds already discovered and characterized demonstrate a full range of bioactivities and potential future applications in various industrial sectors. This review focuses on the extraction, purification, and future applications of seaweed phenolic compounds based on the bioactive properties described in the literature. It also intends to provide a comprehensive insight into the phenolic compounds in seaweed.

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Méndez-Hernández, Jazmín E., Luis V. Rodríguez-Durán, Jesús B. Páez-Lerma, and Nicolás O. Soto-Cruz. "Strategies for Supplying Precursors to Enhance the Production of Secondary Metabolites in Solid-State Fermentation." Fermentation 9, no. 9 (August 31, 2023): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090804.

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The production of secondary metabolites can be improved with the supply of precursors both in submerged and solid-state fermentation (SSF). Microorganisms assimilate the precursors and biotransform them to excrete compounds of commercial interest. The raw materials used in SSF, frequently agro-industrial residues, may contain molecules that serve as precursors for secondary metabolites. However, supplying a precursor can dramatically improve crop production. Commonly, precursors are added as part of the liquid with which the solid material to be fermented is moistened. However, recently it has been proposed to take advantage of the oxygen supply for the gradual supply of volatile precursors. It can help to avoid toxicity problems with the precursors. The present work reviews the strategies to supply precursors to improve the production of secondary metabolites in solid-state fermentation.

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Demain, Arnold L., and Sergio Sánchez. "Enzymes of industrial interest." Mexican journal of biotechnology 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 74–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.29267/mxjb.2017.2.2.74.

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For many years, industrial enzymes have played an important role in the benefit of our society due to their many useful properties and a wide range of applications. They are key elements in the progress of many industries including foods, beverages, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics, therapy, personal care, animal feed, detergents, pulp and paper, textiles, leather, chemicals and biofuels. During recent decades, microbial enzymes have replaced many plant and animal enzymes. This is because microbial enzymes are widely available and produced economically in short fermentations and inexpensive media. Screening is simple, and strain improvement for increased production has been very successful. The advances in recombinant DNA technology have had a major effect on production levels of enzymes and represent a way to overproduce industrially important microbial, plant and animal enzymes. It has been calculated that 50-60% of the world enzyme market is supplied with recombinant enzymes. Molecular methods, including genomics and metagenomics, are being used for the discovery of new enzymes from microbes. Also, directed evolution has allowed the design of enzyme specificities and better performance.

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Demeester, Wouter, Jasmine De Baets, Dries Duchi, Marjan De Mey, and Brecht De Paepe. "MoBioS: Modular Platform Technology for High-Throughput Construction and Characterization of Tunable Transcriptional Biological Sensors." Biosensors 13, no. 6 (May 30, 2023): 590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13060590.

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All living organisms have evolved and fine-tuned specialized mechanisms to precisely monitor a vast array of different types of molecules. These natural mechanisms can be sourced by researchers to build Biological Sensors (BioS) by combining them with an easily measurable output, such as fluorescence. Because they are genetically encoded, BioS are cheap, fast, sustainable, portable, self-generating and highly sensitive and specific. Therefore, BioS hold the potential to become key enabling tools that stimulate innovation and scientific exploration in various disciplines. However, the main bottleneck in unlocking the full potential of BioS is the fact that there is no standardized, efficient and tunable platform available for the high-throughput construction and characterization of biosensors. Therefore, a modular, Golden Gate-based construction platform, called MoBioS, is introduced in this article. It allows for the fast and easy creation of transcription factor-based biosensor plasmids. As a proof of concept, its potential is demonstrated by creating eight different, functional and standardized biosensors that detect eight diverse molecules of industrial interest. In addition, the platform contains novel built-in features to facilitate fast and efficient biosensor engineering and response curve tuning.

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