Дисертації з теми "Molécules bioactives – Emploi en thérapeutique"
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Mayer, Claire. "Effets préventifs des micro-algues marines et de leurs molécules bioactives sur le syndrome métabolique et l’obésité." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1036.
Повний текст джерелаMetabolic syndrome is a pathophysiological state, including hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity as the main metabolic risk factors. This syndrome can also be associated with inflammation, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis (NAFLD). Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 3 PUFA) from fish oils exert protective effects against metabolic disorders associated with obesity. In an unfavourable economic and environmental context of fish oil production, marine microalgae could be an alternative source of omega 3 PUFA and have an interest for human nutrition. The objective of this work was to study the impact of the marine microalgae Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Phaeo), Tisochrysis lutea (Tiso) and Diacronema lutheri (Dia), used as food supplement, at a dose of 12%, in high-fat fed Wistar rats. The effects of extracts of total lipids and carotenoids from Phaeo were studied in vitro on palmitate-treated human hepatic HepG2 cells to mimic NAFLD. In vivo, the three studied microalgae have preventive effects on metabolic disturbances associated with the metabolic syndrome, with a greater efficiency for Phaeo. In vitro, the study demonstrated the preventive effect of lipid and carotenoid extracts from Phaeo, in the hepatic accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol
Ejjoummany, Abdelaziz. "Design et fonctionnalisation d’hétérocycles originaux de type bicycliques [5-5] et tricycliques [6-5-6] à visée thérapeutique potentielle." Thesis, Orléans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ORLE3141.
Повний текст джерелаThe access to new original biologically active heterocyclic compounds, is one of the main objectives of our research group. In this context, the main purpose of this thesis is the design of three new families of heterocyclic compounds containing a pyrazolic motif that may exhibit biological activities, namely pyrido[1',2': 1.5]pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidine, pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole and pyrazolo[5,1-b]thiazole.This manuscript is essentially dedicated to a methodology work describing the different routes of access to these originals and potentially modular tricyclic and bicyclic precursors. The reactivity of these key synthons is then studied towards aromatic nucleophilic substitutions reactions and various pallado-catalyzed methods of functionalization (Activation with PyBrOP- (hetero) arylation, Liebeskind-Srogl, Suzuki-Miyaura, Buchwald-Hartwig, C-H arylation, aromatic nucleophilic substitution) to develop interesting libraries built around these unusual structures, thus opening numerous pharmacological perspectives
Robert, Valérie. "Les céramides : des molécules clés de l'épiderme." Nancy 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996NAN10073.
Повний текст джерелаConan, Sylvie. "Quinolones antibactériennes : synthèses de nouvelles fluoroquinolones et mise au point sur les molécules récentes." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P037.
Повний текст джерелаFoliot, Pascale. "Molécules génératrices de monoxyde d' azote : synthèse, mode de libération, applications pharmacologiques." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P217.
Повний текст джерелаMeyer, Maxime. "Conception et synthèse de nouvelles molécules bioactives duales : vers des composés antagonistes AT1 et agonistes PPAR[gamma]." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0221.
Повний текст джерелаSome angiotensin II-type 1 receptor (AT1) antagonists, used for blood pressure control, exhibit also an activity on peroxisome proliferator activated receptor [gamma] (PPAR[gamma]), which is involved in the control of glucose metabolism. Such compounds could be promising drugs for the treatment of both hypertension and type II diabetes, which are often concomitant. Therefore, we have rationally designed molecules potentially able to interact with both receptors involved in these diseases. We used the "design multiple ligands" concept, as previously developed by industrial pharmacists, to build up a diversified molecule set via combination of both pharmacophores of AT1 and PPAR[gamma] receptor antagonists and agonists, respectively. Molecular modeling experiments (docking) on PPAR[gamma] were conducted to rationalise the synthesis and allow us to predict in some extent the agonistic activity of the studied compounds
Morin, Marie-Pierre. "Les polyphénols du thé vert : des molécules à double action contre la maladie parodontale." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26448.
Повний текст джерелаMollet, Chloé. "Identification et caractérisations physico-chimiques et pharmacologiques de nouvelles molécules bioactives isolées à partir de venins d’animaux : exemple des peptides antimicrobiens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0352.
Повний текст джерелаThe research for new bioactive molecules which can be used in therapeutic is a major public health issue, particularly in the treatment of certain diseases such as bacterial infections.The natural resistance of bacteria consecutive to overuse of antibiotics have resulted in the selection of pathogenic multi-drug resistant bacteria. Over the last few decades, resistance to conventional antibiotics has limited treatment options, resulting in a significant increase in mortality and morbidity in hospitals. Moreover, since 1970, only two new classes of antibiotics have been placed on the market. Venoms are known to be a rich source of unique and innovative pharmacologically active substances, such as antimicrobial peptides (PAMs), which represent an original alternative to small molecules for the development of new active and non-resistance inducing antibiotics.In our study, among the 200 venoms of animals studied for their antibacterial properties, at least six PAMs were isolated from an insect venom. The original peptide 1 inhibits the growth of Gram positive and negative bacteria but shows a high hemotoxicity (TI = 1,6-3,2). The solid phase synthesis of structural analogs allowed to identify R1W8 and I1N11, less toxic (TI = 18 et >800 respectively). The preliminary results of the action mechanism study suggest that these peptides have a pore-forming action on bacteria cytoplasmic membrane. These peptides can be used as models for the development of new antimicrobial agents
Balde, Elhadj Saïdou. "Identification de nouvelles molécules à potentiel anticancéreux." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210113.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Milane, Hadi. "La quercétine et ses dérivés : molécules à caractère pro-oxydant ou capteurs de radicaux libres;études et applications thérapeutiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/MILANE_Hadi_2004.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаButtiaux, Véronique. "Sensibilisation de l’adénocarcinome pancréatique canalaire à la chimiothérapie et à la radiothérapie par des molécules bioactives issues de l’alimentation." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0332/document.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is of poor prognosis in part because of resistance to conventional treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Some naturally occurring bioactive food components (BFCs), with pro-oxidant properties are able to potentiate the cytotoxic action of conventional drugs in the PDAC. In addition, these BFCs could increase the DNA breaks induced by ionizing radiation. Objectives: To evaluate the combined action of several BFCs in combination with chemotherapy and radiotherapy in PDAC models and to identify mechanisms involved in chemo / radiosensitization at the cellular and molecular levels. Methods: Cell survival was evaluated in vitro in the presence of BFCs in combination on 4 pancreatic tumor cell lines. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Molecular mechanisms have been decrypted by western blot (signaling pathways) and flow cytometry (cell cycle and apoptosis). Finally, we evaluated the association of BFCs in gavage with intraperitoneal gemcitabine chemotherapy and with radiotherapy (2 Gy/fraction) in vivo, on subcutaneous CAPAN-2 cell xenografts. Results: In vitro, resveratrol (R), capsaicin (C) and sulforaphane (S) were cytotoxic with significantly higher inhibitory effect in combination (R + C), (C + S) or (R + C + S), without effect on fibroblasts. In addition, the combinations potentiated the otherwise limited action of gemcitabine on cells tested in vitro. In vivo, the addition of R + C to treatment with gemcitabine at reduced dose allowed tumor inhibition equivalent to that obtained with gemcitabine at full dose. Furthermore, in vitro, the addition of BFCs alone and in combination with radiotherapy significantly increases cellular toxicity on the CAPAN-2 epithelial line, compared to radiotherapy alone and BFCs alone or combined. In vivo, the combination R + C associated with radiotherapy allowed a significant decrease in tumor volumes compared to radiotherapy alone. The study of signaling pathways showed an increase of proapoptotic proteins with the association R + C and radiotherapy, in relation with an increased induction of ROS, but also, surprisingly, an inhibition of the repair of the DNA by inhibition of ATM phosphorylation. These two combined effects precipitated the death of the tumor cells. Conclusions: Combinations of R + C have a chemosensitizing and radiosensitizing effect in a preclinical model of PDAC, with identified molecular mechanisms relevant in the context of the therapies tested. By combining BFCs with radiochemotherapy with gemcitabine, we can hope for a double potentiation of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, by increasing the effectiveness of RT, and by reducing the dose of gemcitabine associated for similar efficiency and better tolerance treatment
Godet, Julien. "Etude du rôle de chaperon de la protéine NCp7 de la nucléocapside du virus VIH-1." Strasbourg, 2010. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2010/GODET_Julien_2010.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe NCp7 chaperone properties constitute a set of features allowing the NCp7-directed folding of nucleic acids into their most stable conformations. These properties are critical for the viral replication of HIV-1. We used and developed different experimental approaches based on fluorescence techniques in order to further characterize these properties at the molecular level. Using time-resolved fluorescence of 2-aminopurine, we characterized site- specfically the binding of NCp7. We demonstrated that the restriction of the local base mobility in response to the NCp7 binding is a key mechanistic component of the NCp7 chaperone activity. Our studies allowed us to further understand the role of the first and second strand transfer involved in the reverse transcription. Finally, we developed a single-molecule fluorescence spectroscopy setup to study the binding kinetics of NCp7 onto oligonucleotides
Pato, Christine. "Encapsulation de molécules amphiphiles par une protéine de transfert de lipides, la LTP1 de blé : applications technologiques dans le domaine pharmaceutique." Bordeaux 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BOR12424.
Повний текст джерелаGranger, Isabelle. "Recherche de molécules d'origine végétale à visée cardiovasculaire présentant une affinité pour les récepteurs V1a de la vasopressine." Toulouse, INPT, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPT034G.
Повний текст джерелаDuran, Cordobes Muriel. "Etude de la captation de l'héxamibi sur un panel de lignées cellulaires humaines de sein et corrélation avec l'expression de la multirésistance aux molécules chimiothérapiques." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05P167.
Повний текст джерелаDerick, Sylvain. "Le récepteur hypophysaire de la vasopressine : approche pharmacologique et structurale." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20178.
Повний текст джерелаJamois, Patricia. "Evaluation chez l'homme de l'effet antiinflammatoire de molécules à activité "capteur" de radicaux libres à partir d'un modèle d'inflammation au nicotinate de méthyle par mesure du flux sanguin cutané." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05P260.
Повний текст джерелаGaascht, François. "Découverte, identification et caractérisation de molécules d'origine naturelle capables de cibler les voies de transduction, de prolifération, d'inflammation et de mort cellulaire dans des cellules cancéreuses." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0296/document.
Повний текст джерелаToday, cancer has become a major public health problem and we estimate more than 1.3 million cancer-related deaths in Europe in 2013. The emergence of cancer resistances towards chemotherapeutic treatments forces to the discovery of new drugs. Natural organisms are a virtually inexhaustible source of molecules structurally very heterogeneous and having varied therapeutic applications. In the first part of this project, we studied the effect of curcumin, a molecule isolated from the roots of Curcuma longa, on the Wingless (Wnt) signalling pathway in the case of prostate cancer. Our results emphasize the chemopreventive potential of curcumin in prostate cancer. This natural molecule can be considered as an alternative modality, non-toxic to prevent the progression of prostate cancer and to eradicate the androgen-dependent early stage. The second part of the project involved the isolation of anti-cancer molecules from the carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula. After selection and identification of a substance which turned out to be plumbagin, we investigated the possible reasons for the differential plumbagin sensitivity of hematopoietic cell lines. Our results suggest that this molecule affects the thiol groups of some proteins. In conclusion, the example of curcumin as chemopreventive agent in the development of prostate cancer and plumbagin in the treatment of leukemia have shown that naturally occurring substances are excellent candidates for the development of future anti-cancer drugs
Aubin, Deborah. "Modélisation pathologique pour la neurofibromatose de Type 1 : développement d’un test d’étude et applications pour la découverte de molécules actives." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLE002/document.
Повний текст джерелаNeurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal genetic disease with an incidence of 1 in 3,500 individuals. This is a multi-systemic disorder with a plethora of various symptoms. Among with we find neurocutaneous manifestations such as "café-au-lait" spots (zone of localized hyperpigmentation) and neurofibromas (benign tumors of the peripheral sheath of myelin), but also bone defects and cognitive disorders. The penetrance of NF1 is complete but the manifestation and severity of symptoms may vary from one individual to another. The NF1 gene responsible for the disease, located on chromosome 17, is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes neurofibromin. In order to develop a relevant human cellular model for the study of bone defects associated with NF1, we used pluripotency-induced stem cells that carry the NF1 causal mutation (hiPS-NF1). In this work, we have shown that loss of neurofibromin expression in osteoblasts derived from hiPS-NF1 reproduces the reduced osteogenesis phenotype. We have also shown that pharmacological molecules can improve the ability of hiPS-NF1 to differentiate in osteoblast. In order to propose the most relevant human cell model, we have developed isogenic lines with CRISPR / Cas 9 technology to study the impact of a partial or total loss of neurofibromin on the bone phenotype. Simultaneously, a Schwann cells differentiation protocol from hiPS was developed under culture defined using growth factors and signaling molecules. Schwann-like cells were obtained in 30 days by the use of molecules such as the type I receptor TGF-β (SB431542), heregulin β1, IGF1, FGF2 and activator of WNT3a (CHIR99021). The q-PCR analysis shows an increase in Schwann cell markers: neural crest (SOX10, ERBB3), precursor Schwann cells (MPZ, CAD19) and immature Schwann cells (S100). These results were confirmed by protein analysis of the differentiated cells and by the co-culture analysis of these cells with differentiated motoneurons from hiPS. All of this work validated the relevance of pluripotent stem cells in the modeling of genetic pathology
Reille-Seroussi, Marie. "Système VEGF/VEGFR : conception et évaluation de molécules ciblées et régulation potentielle par les métaux." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05P614/document.
Повний текст джерелаInhibiting angiogenesis is an effective strategy of targeting therapy against cancer. In thiscontext, we develop an antiangiogenic strategy consisting in the design and evaluation of compoundsblocking the VEGF/VEGFR interaction. The first approach was the conception of antagonists of theVEGFR1. Starting from a (3-carboxy-2-ureido) thiophene hit, a variety of heterocyclic analogs wasdeveloped. Interesting chemical observations were made during the synthesis, but no optimization ofthe biochemical activity was achieved. The second approach was the design of peptides that bind tothe receptor-recognition surface of the VEGF. Starting from a cyclic peptide known to bind to theVEGF with a sub-micromolar affinity, new peptides and peptidomimetics were developed. Thestrategy was to design simplified and potentially more stable compounds, and to improve at thesame time the VEGF affinity. The interaction of VEGF with these ligands was studied in vitro by ELISAand ITC experiments, as well as X-ray diffraction for the best compound. Moreover, the investigationof the effects of copper and other divalent metals on the VEGF/VEGFR1 interaction was undertaken.Experiments realized in the laboratory and in collaboration showed that metals were able to displacethe VEGF/VEGFR1 interaction and to induce the dimerisation of the domain 2 of the receptor. Metalsare well known to play an important role in angiogenic phenomena, but their specific targets are stilla matter of debate. In this context, this discovery brings new response elements regarding theirmechanisms of action. Therefore, the objectives of this PhD thesis were the development of newantiangiogenic compounds, as well as the understanding of some aspects of the regulation of angiogenesis