Статті в журналах: "Mold coatings"

1

Lee, Sang Yong, and Sang Yul Lee. "Application of PVD Coatings for Improvement of Die Performance in Copper Semi-Solid Processing." Solid State Phenomena 116-117 (October 2006): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.116-117.84.

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TiAlN/CrN multilayer coatings with an superlattice period of 6.1nm was applied to a proto-type high temperature segment mold for Cu semi-solid processing so that it was investigated the possibilities of TiAlN/CrN multilayer coating as a candidate protective coatings to extend the lifetime of high temperature molds and dies. Much improved performance was obtained from the TiAlN/CrN coated molds, although different behaviors were observed depending upon the type of substrate mold materials. . Improvement of mold performance was observed by TiAlN/CrN coating on AISI H13 steel, but TZM alloy with TiAlN/CrN coating was found to be the best candidate as a mold for high temperature Cu semi-solid processing.

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2

Chang, Yun Feng, Kung Hsu Hou, and Ming Der Ger. "Multi-Layer Coating for Optical Mold of Strengthening by Electroplating Ni-W and Electroless Plating Ni-Mo-P by Nonisothermal Method." Materials Science Forum 654-656 (June 2010): 1896–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.654-656.1896.

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The development of optical mold coatings has become a key technology in precision optical components in recent years. Researchers are still seeking ideal electroforming materials capable of resisting higher temperature and improve the lifespan of optical mold. Examples of these materials include Ni-W, and Ni-Mo-P alloy plating, among others. However, the literature rarely mentions these alloys as protective coatings. This may be because coating stability, flatness, and strength cannot achieve the desired protective effects. This study develops a combination of two wet electrochemical processes to form a multi-layer coating on optical molds. This coating consists of Ni-W, and Ni-Mo-P alloys. The proposed treatment process attempts to enhance the mechanical strength of the mold and extend its lifespan. We first used electro-deposition to form a thick-film Ni-W coating, and then applied the electroless plating by nonisothermal deposition method (NITD) to create a Ni-Mo-P thin-film and form a multi-layer coating. We also measured the composition, hardness, and elastic modulus of the protective coating as a reference basis for the development of optical molds. The results of this study reveal the appropriate process parameters to provide the multilayer films with a high strength and flat surface. This article can serve as a reference for the development of optical mold coatings.

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3

Borouni, Mansour, Behzad Niroumand, and Mohammad Hossein Fathi. "Evaluation of nano ceramic coating on radiographic defects of thin-walled AL4-4 aluminum alloy sand casting." Metallurgical and Materials Engineering 22, no. 3 (October 3, 2016): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.30544/212.

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Internal defects are among the problems in gravity casting of aluminum parts. The main internal volumetric defects are gas and shrinkage defects which form during solidification of the melt and drastically reduce the quality of the produced parts. These defects adversely affect the mechanical properties of thin walled castings parts. In this study, ceramic nanoparticles coatings were applied on the sand mold and the effect of mold coatings on the reduction of defects were investigated. X-ray radiography was used to detect defects in sand molds with ceramic nanoparticles coatings. For comparison, this test was performed on molds with micro-ceramic and graffiti coatings and uncoated sand mold. The results showed that the maximum amount of gas and shrinkage defects was observed in casting parts from AL4-1 alloy in uncoated molds. On the other hand, the minimum defects were found in molds coated with ceramic nanoparticles. It seems that the reduced defects in casting parts in molds coated with ceramic nanoparticles may be due to high thermal and chemical stability and higher heat transfer rate of the coating. These results can facilitate the production of high quality aluminum alloys parts using nanotechnology.

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4

Tangboriboon, Nuchnapa, Sirikarn Pakdeeniti, Ruksapong Kunanuruksapong, and Anuvat Sirivat. "CALCIUM SILICATE (CASIO3) AS ALTERNATIVE IONIC COAGULANT AND SOLID LUBRICANT FOR CERAMIC MOLDS IN NATURAL RUBBER LATEX FILM PREPARATION." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 85, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/rct.12.88923.

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ABSTRACT Calcium silicate gel (CaSiO3) is a synthesized, ionic coagulant and solid lubricant prepared by the sol-gel process. Calcium silicate is an oxide compound used as an ionic coagulant in coatings on prototypic, standard molds before those molds are dipped into concentrated natural rubber latex in the latex film-production process. The advantages of coating the CaSiO3 gel, made from eggshells, on a ceramic mold surface are low water treatment, less-acid rising step, and a longer life of the standard molds. Synthesized CaSiO3 has good physical properties: a specific surface area of 107 m2/g, a small pore diameter of 14.91 nm, and a fine, average particle size of 20.76 μm, suitable for coating on standard or other ceramic molds. The concentrated latex film products obtained are thin and clear, with a smooth surfaces; they provide ease of mold release and have high tensile strength. The interfacial interaction γSL, between a prototype standard mold and the CaSiO3 gel, as an ionic coagulant is stronger than the γSL between a prototype standard mold and calcium nitrate gel is because of the electrostatic charges of CaSiO3 (Ca2+, Si4+, and O2−) on the mold surface.

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5

Pivovarchyk, A. A., and A. M. Mikhaltsov. "WASHING UP OF SEPARATE COATINGS IN MANUFACTURING CASES FROM ALUMINUM ALLOYS BY PRESSURE CASTING." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 6, 2018): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2018-1-78-83.

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The article presents the results of research of the influence of technological modes of injection molding of aluminum alloys, such as the pressing speed, molding time in a mold, the method of depositing a separation coating on the mold surface and the composition of the lubricant on the erosion resistance of the separation coatings. It is established that the pressing speed is most significant from the factors that influence the thickness of the lubricating layer forming on the working surface of the mold. When using water-based coatings, the thickness of the separation coating layer on the mold surface is reduced from 19,0 to 3,2 mm; for fatty separation coatings with a powder filler from 40,0 to 7,0 mm. It was also found that the minimum thickness of the lubricating layer of the separation coating is observed in the gate area and is in the range from 1,2 to 1,7 mm for the investigated water-emulsion separation coatings and 6,0 to 11,0 mm for fatty greases. It is shown that when the separation coatings are applied by a mechanized method, the thickness of the lubricating layer is 2,0–2,2 times lower than when applying lubricant manually.

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6

Cheng, Hu, Zhi Gang Fang, Xian Rui Zhao, Sheng Dai, and Jian Yi. "Effect of Laser Cladding Technologies on Microstructure and Properties of Ni-Based WC Alloy Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 314-316 (August 2011): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.314-316.245.

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The Ni-based WC alloy coatings were successfully fabricated on NAK80 mold steel by Nd:YAG and CO2 lasers. The microstructure and properties of the laser cladded coatings were analyzed by SEM, EDS, XRD and microhardness tester. The results show that phase constituents of both coatings are mainly composed of tungsten carbide (WC+W2C), Cr23C6, NiCr, CrB2 and γ-Ni. The excellent metallurgical bondings have formed at the interface between the substrate and the laser cladded coatings. Dendrite and white and block WC phase were observed in two kinds of laser cladded coatings, but the dendrite in Nd:YAG laser cladded coating is more fine. The microhardness of NAK80 mold steel is greatly improved by laser cladding, however the microhardness of the CO2 laser cladded coating is even higher than the Nd:YAG laser cladded coating.

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7

Zhang, Sam, Xianting Zeng, Zhenggui Tang, and Ming Jen Tan. "EXPLORING THE ANTISTICKING PROPERTIES OF SOLID LUBRICANT THIN FILMS IN TRANSFER MOLDING." International Journal of Modern Physics B 16, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2002): 1080–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979202010890.

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In the plastic molding industry, plastic parts like pager and handphone cases, plastic containers, etc. are formed in a mold by applying temperature and pressure. The transfer molding is the standard workhorse for the electronics industry. Although the transfer molding is widely used, it is far from being optimized. Mold sticking is a serious practical problem in this industry. A solution to the problem is to apply mold-releasing agents on the mold to act as a lubricant layer between the plastic and the mold. This easily results in stains and degraded surface finish. This paper investigates the effectiveness of solid thin films on reducing the adhesion between polymer and mold steel of different surface roughness. WS2, MoS2, and DLC coatings are deposited on test surfaces via unbalanced magnetron sputtering before polymer blocks are molded on and pulled apart using an Instron Machine. The force required to separate the plastic part and the mold steel is used as an indication of the stickiness. After the separation, the coating surface is also examined under microscope for stains and polymer residues. The coatings are characterized using Raman spectroscopy and contact angle measurements. Generally, the stickiness increases with initial surface roughness for all coatings. Initial test indicates that the DLC coating has the highest contact angle with water (100°) and the best anti-sticking properties among the samples tested, and could reduce the stickiness by 80% as compared to bare steel.

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8

Dejun, Kong, and Li Jiahong. "Appraisal on corrosion performances of CrNi, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 hot work mold." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 67, no. 2 (February 29, 2020): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-09-2019-2175.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the salt spray corrosion (SSC) and electrochemical corrosion performances of CrNi, TiAlN/NiCr and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 steel, which improved the corrosion resistance of H13 hot work mold. Design/methodology/approach CrNi, TiAlN/NiCr and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings were fabricated on H13 hot work mold steel using a laser cladding and cathodic arc ion plating. The SSC and electrochemical performances of obtained coatings were investigated using a corrosion test chamber and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The corrosion morphologies, microstructure and phases were analyzed using an electron scanning microscope, optical microscope and X-ray diffraction, respectively, and the mechanisms of corrosion resistance were also discussed. Findings The CrNi coating is penetrated by corrosion media, producing the oxide of Fe3O4 on the coating surface; and the TiAlN coating is corroded to enter into the CrNi coating, forming the oxides of TiO and NiO, the mechanism is pitting corrosion, whereas the CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coating is not penetrated, with no oxides, showing the highest SSC resistance among the three kinds of coatings. The corrosion potential of CrNi coating, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings was –0.444, –0.481 and –0.334 V, respectively, and the corresponding polarization resistances were 3,074, 2,425 and 86,648 cm2, respectively. The electrochemical corrosion resistance of CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coating is the highest, which is enhanced by the additions of Al2O3 and TiO2. Originality/value The CrNi, TiAlN/CrNi and CrNi–Al2O3–TiO2 coatings on H13 hot work mold were firstly evaluated by the SSC and electrochemical performances.

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9

Han, Zhi Yong, Xiao Mei Wang, and Zhi Ping Wang. "The Stress Research during the HCPEB Treatment on the Thermal Barrier Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 1053 (October 2014): 381–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1053.381.

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The 3-dimension temperature field mold is used to simulate the HCPEB treatment on the thermal barrier coating via Abaqus software. The stress distribution within the coating and the temperature variation during HCPEB treatment are simulated. It demonstrate that: with the outer energy increasing,the temperature distribution along with the vertical direction decreases: with the outer energy vanishing and the mold cooling down,the surface cools down first while the inner part of the coatings increases,then the inner energy releases through the surface and the whole mold cools down to the room temperature. The rate of temperature to time could reach 106 K/s-107 K/s. The stress decreases first and then increases along with the vertical direction of the coatings. The surface stress decreases at first, then rebounds to 0.5MPa and finally come to a stable value.

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10

Hopmann, Christian, Kirsten Bobzin, Tobias Brögelmann, Magnus Orth, Nathan Kruppe, and Mona Naderi. "Replication of micro-structured injection molds using physical vapor deposition coating and dynamic laser mold tempering." Journal of Polymer Engineering 38, no. 3 (March 28, 2018): 315–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2017-0131.

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AbstractPlastics parts with micro-structured surfaces enable the development of innovative products such as optical components in sensors or light management systems for laser and LED applications. Moreover, micro-structured parts can be utilized in the medical and packaging industry for hydrophobic or antibacterial products. The production of micro-structured parts causes challenges in molding and demolding. Rough surfaces of the laser-structured mold inserts offer flow resistance during injection phase as well as increased demolding forces which cause failures of the replicated structures during ejection. Therefore, an innovative approach combines coated mold inserts by means of physical vapor deposition (PVD) and a highly dynamic laser tempering system to improve the replication of micro-structured plastics parts. Both uncoated and coated micro-structured mold inserts were used in a series of molding experiments by means of conventional and dynamic mold tempering. Based on the results, it can be shown that significant improvements of the replication of micro-structures of different sizes can be achieved by use of PVD mold coatings. This is attributed to the tribological interactions between coating and plastics melt. Furthermore, results indicate an influence of the thermal conductivity of PVD coatings to enhance replication quality.

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11

Sánchez-Urbano, Francisco, Guillermo Paz-Gómez, Óscar Rodríguez-Alabanda, Pablo Romero, Miguel Cabrerizo-Vílchez, Miguel Rodríguez-Valverde, and Guillermo Guerrero-Vaca. "Non-Stick Coatings in Aluminium Molds for the Production of Polyurethane Foam." Coatings 8, no. 9 (August 27, 2018): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8090301.

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The manufacturing of polyurethane foam is a process of great industrial importance in the automotive and furniture sector. The operation of demolding is the most delicate, since the foam sticks firmly to the walls of the mold onto which it has spread. In order to avoid the use of demolding agents, the proposal is to coat the inside of the molds with non-stick coatings. In this work, three types of different coatings were studied: fluoropolymers, ceramics, and elastomers. After carrying out different tests in the laboratory, two fluoropolymer coatings (PFA (perfluoroalkoxy) and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)) were selected for a test at the industrial level and, after 1500 cycles of demolding, it was experimentally proven that the PFA coating is the most adequate for the use studied.

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12

Yan, Xiaoxing, Lin Wang, and Xingyu Qian. "Effect of High-Temperature Calcined Wheat Straw Powder after Lignin Removal on Properties of Waterborne Wood Coatings." Coatings 9, no. 7 (July 16, 2019): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9070444.

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The effect of adding wheat straw powder after lignin removal (WSPALR) and high-temperature calcined WSPALR on the hardness, adhesion, and resistance to impact, color difference, and mold resistance of waterborne coatings was studied. The results showed that the hardness was the highest of 6H when the concentration of WSPALR was 1.0%–2.0%. WSPALR and high-temperature calcined WSPALR had little effect on the adhesion and impact resistance of waterborne coatings, and the resistance to impact was about 10.0 kg cm. When both the concentration of WSPALR and high-temperature calcined WSPALR were 0.5%, the waterborne coating had the best adhesion of Level 1. The addition of high-temperature calcined WSPALR maintained the color difference of the original coatings. A high WSPALR concentration showed better mold resistance than a low concentration WSPALR, and the inhibition effect of high-temperature calcined WSPALR on Trichoderma was better than that of WSPALR. When the concentration of WSPALR calcined at a high temperature was 0.5%, it showed a better hardness of 4H, Level 1 adhesion, 10.0 kg cm resistance to impact, and 1.1 color difference of the waterborne coating. This work has important application value for mold resistance of wood coatings.

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13

Chien, His Hsin, Kung Jeng Ma, Chien Huang Kuo, Cheng Bang Huo, Choung Lii Chao, and Ying Tung Chen. "The Effect of TaN Interlayer on the Performance of Pt-Ir Protective Coatings in Glass Molding Process." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 869–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.869.

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The glass molding process provides great potential for mass production of precise glass optical components at low cost. The key issue for achieving a low production cost is to extend the service life of the expensive mold inserts. The precious metal based alloy is one of the coating materials for the molds which provides excellent glass anti-sticking results. However, the inter-diffusion between the WC/Co mold materials and precious metal coatings will deteriorate the coatings which needs to be resolved. It is essentially to deposit an interlayer as the diffusion barrier to improve the inter-diffusion problem. A thin layer of TaN was deposited on the WC/Co substrate as the diffusion barrier using a magnetron sputtering system, and followed by the deposition of Pt-Ir layer as the protective layer. Low Tg Glass gobs (L-BAL 42) were placed on the coated substrate to investigate inter-diffusion between the substrate and coating at high temperature. The surface interaction between the glass gobs and protective coatings was also examined. The obtained TaN and Pt-Ir multilayer had a dense nano-crystalline structure. High temperature wetting tests showed that the TaN film could effectively resist the cobalt and tungsten diffusion into the precious metal protective layer and, as a result, minimized the possibility of oxidation and interaction between glass and protective coating. The coated substrates retained a good surface finish and the glass gobs stayed fully transparent after 6 hours reaction test at 700°C.

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14

Guo, Jian Zhang, and Bin Xu. "The Study of Electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE Coating on Steel Tire Mold." Key Engineering Materials 501 (January 2012): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.501.316.

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In order to improve the surface property of the steel tire mold, carbon steels were processed by electroless Ni-P and Ni-P-PTFE under contrast experiment. The coatings were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS). The wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the coatings were explored by tribometer, salt spray cabinet and advanced electrochemical system. The experimental results showed that the Ni-P coating was amorphous structure, and the Ni-P-PTFE coating was micro-pore structure; The wear resistance of Ni-P-PTFE coating was superior to Ni-P coating; In view of the micro-pore structure, the corrosion resistance of Ni-P-PTFE coating was worse than Ni-P coating, but they were all superior to carbon steels, and the service life of the steel tire mold were improved.

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15

Carrupt, Maria C., and Ana P. Piedade. "Modification of the Cavity of Plastic Injection Molds: A Brief Review of Materials and Influence on the Cooling Rates." Materials 14, no. 23 (November 27, 2021): 7249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237249.

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In the 21st century, a great percentage of the plastic industry production is associated with both injection molding and extrusion processes. Manufactured plastic components/parts are used in several industry sectors, where the automotive and aeronautic stand out. In the injection process cycle, the cooling step represents 60% to 80% of the total injection process time, and it is used to estimate the production capabilities and costs. Therefore, efforts have been focused on obtaining more efficient cooling systems, seeking the best relationship between the shape, the quantity, and the distribution of the cooling channels into the injection molds. Concomitantly, the surface coating of the mold cavity also assumes great importance as it can provide increased hardness and a more straightforward demolding process. These aspects contribute to the decrease of rejected parts due to surface defects. However, the effect of the coated cavity on the heat transfer and, consequently, on the time of the injection cycle is not often addressed. This paper reviews the effects of the materials and surface coatings of molds cavity on the filling and cooling of the injection molding cycle. It shows how the design of cooling channels affects the cooling rates and warpage for molded parts. It also addresses how the surface coating influence the mold filling patterns and mold cooling. This review shows, more specifically, the influence of the coating process on the cooling step of the injection cycle and, consequently, in the productivity of the process.

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16

Bobadilha, Gabrielly S., C. Elizabeth Stokes, Grant Kirker, Sheikh Ali Ahmed, Katie M. Ohno, and Dercilio Junior Verly Lopes. "Effect of exterior wood coatings on the durability of cross-laminated timber against mold and decay fungi." BioResources 15, no. 4 (September 18, 2020): 8420–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.15.4.8420-8433.

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Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is increasingly used in building construction worldwide. Durability of CLT against fungal attack has yet to be fully explored. Water intrusion in mass timber can yield dimensional changes and microbial growth. This study evaluated the performance of CLT coated with various water- and solvent-based stains commercially available in the United States. Twelve coatings were tested for moisture excluding effectiveness, water repellency effectiveness, volumetric swelling, and anti-swelling efficiency. Only five coatings repelled water, limiting dimensional changes. A modified version of AWPA E10-16 (2016) was performed to evaluate decay of the coated CLT samples. Weight losses were recorded after 18 weeks’ exposure to the brown-rot decay fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum. In accelerated mold testing, coated CLT samples were grown in chambers containing spores of Aspergillus sp., Rhizopus sp., and Penicillium sp. for 29 d and assessed visually for mold growth. In both tests, coating C (transparent, water-based, alkyd/acrylic resin) performed the best among the tested coatings. Mold growth was completely prevented, and weight loss caused by G. trabeum was approximately 1.33%. Although coating C prevented decay for 18 weeks, coatings are not intended to protect against decay fungi. However, they may offer short-term protection during transport, storage, and construction.

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Kawana, Atsuo, and Kunio Saito. "OS17-2-1 Development of Cr-Composite Coatings for Mold Processing." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2011.10 (2011): _OS17–2–1—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2011.10._os17-2-1-.

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Li, Chenchen, Xuefeng Yang, Shouren Wang, Yanjun Wang, and Jinlong Cao. "Preparation of WC Reinforced Co-Based Alloy Gradient Coatings on a H13 Mold Steel Substrate by Laser Cladding." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020176.

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H13 die steel often fails as a result of physical and chemical effects such as wear, erosion and cyclic stress. Accordingly, the study evaluates Co-based gradient coating on an H13 steel featuring a stress-relieving effect. Scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the microstructure and phase of the coatings. A microhardness tester and friction and wear tester were used to compare the hardness and wear resistance of the coatings and the substrate, and the wear morphology was observed. A pendulum impact test was used to compare the impact resistance of the coatings and the substrate, and the fracture morphology was observed. Finally, a corrosion test was used to compare the corrosion resistance of coatings and substrate. The results show that the Co-based gradient coatings have good combinations with the substrate, the hard phase content gradually increases from the bottom to the top of the coating, and the crystal microstructure generally maintains a distribution trend from coarse to fine. The hardness of the gradient coatings is significantly higher than the substrate, and from the coating surface to the substrate, the hardness decreases slowly. The wear loss of the coatings is much lower than that of the substrate, the main wear mechanism of the substrate is abrasive wear, and the main wear mechanism of the coatings is brittle spalling. While the gradient coatings increase the surface hardness, the brittleness also increases, the impact resistance of the coatings is lower than that of the substrate, the fracture form of the substrate is a ductile fracture, and the fracture form of the coating is a brittle fracture. The gradient coatings effectively improve the corrosion resistance of the substrate surface, and the higher the content of the reinforcing phase, the better the corrosion resistance of the coatings.

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Asgar, Md Ali, Jun Kim, Muhammad Refatul Haq, Taekyung Kim, and Seok-min Kim. "A Comprehensive Review of Micro/Nano Precision Glass Molding Molds and Their Fabrication Methods." Micromachines 12, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12070812.

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Micro/nano-precision glass molding (MNPGM) is an efficient approach for manufacturing micro/nanostructured glass components with intricate geometry and a high-quality optical finish. In MNPGM, the mold, which directly imprints the desired pattern on the glass substrate, is a key component. To date, a wide variety of mold inserts have been utilized in MNPGM. The aim of this article is to review the latest advances in molds for MNPGM and their fabrication methods. Surface finishing is specifically addressed because molded glass is usually intended for optical applications in which the surface roughness should be lower than the wavelength of incident light to avoid scattering loss. The use of molds for a wide range of molding temperatures is also discussed in detail. Finally, a series of tables summarizing the mold fabrication methods, mold patterns and their dimensions, anti-adhesion coatings, molding conditions, molding methods, surface roughness values, glass substrates and their glass transition temperatures, and associated applications are presented. This review is intended as a roadmap for those interested in the glass molding field.

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Saha, Biswajit, and Jung Hoon Lee. "Improvement of Surface Properties of Micro-Mold via SAM Coating for Fabrication of Microfluidic Device." Applied Mechanics and Materials 752-753 (April 2015): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.752-753.159.

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N-octadecyltrichlorosilane [OTS, CH3(CH2)17SiCl3] self-assembled monolayer (SAM) coatings were deposited on Si micromolds by dip-coating. Chemical composition, surface roughness, friction coefficient, thermal stability and surface energy of coatings were investigated. OTS coated silicon (Si) micromolds were used to fabricate PMMA microfluidic devices by hot-embossed process. All OTS coatings were thermally stable up to 180 °C, which is higher than hot-embossing temperature of PMMA. OTS coated micromolds had low friction coefficient, adhesion and superior molding efficiency, which improved lifetime of a uncoated Si micromold from 3 to 27 times.

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21

Yi, Yao Yong, Zhe Min Luo, Tungwai Leo Ngai, Sieglind Ngai, and Lie Jun Li. "Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Hot-Working Mold Steel against Al Alloy Melt by Coating." Materials Science Forum 877 (November 2016): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.877.67.

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In order to reduce the adhesion tendency of aluminum melt on the die casting mold and extend the service life of the die, multi-arc ion plating technique was used to deposit Ti/TiN/CrN multi-layer coating on the surface of 8418 hot-working mold steel. Corrosion resistance of the steel and the Ti/TiN/CrN coating against Al alloy melt was studied. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were used to study the microstructure, phase constituent and phase composition of the materials. Uniform Ti/TiN/CrN coatings with good bonding interfaces and a total thickness of about 2 μm were obtained. Results showed that Ti/TiN/CrN coating can improve the corrosion resistance of the 8418 hot-working die steel significantly against the aluminum alloy melt.

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22

Lim, Soon Hyuk, Nguyễn Hoàng Ly, Jung A. Lee, Ji Eun Kim, Se-Woong La, Vu Thi Huong, Thi-Giang Tran, et al. "Nanopatterned Polymer Molds Using Anodized Aluminum Templates for Anti-Reflective Coatings." Polymers 13, no. 19 (September 29, 2021): 3333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193333.

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This work introduces a facile geometry-controlled method for the fabrication of embossed and engraved polymeric moth-eye-inspired nanostructures in imprinting molds using anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, resulting in a novel anti-reflective transparent coating. The moth-eye nanostructures are prepared directly on the surface of a flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. As a prerequisite procedure, a UV-curable polyurethane acrylate resin is spun on the PET. The shape of the moth-eye nanostructures can then be adjusted by controlling the size and shape of the nanopores in the AAO templates. Both embossed and concaved polymer moth-eye nanostructures were successfully mounted on a PET substrate. Embossed polymer replica molds were prepared using the AAO master templates in combination with an imprinting process. As revealed by field-emission electron microscope (FE-SEM) images, conical nanopatterns in the AAO template with a diameter of ~90 nm and a depth of ~100 nm, create a homogeneous embossed morphology in the polymer moth-eye nanostructure. The polymeric molds with the depths of 300 and 500 nm revealed the amalgamated structures in their apexes. In addition, a dip-imprinting process of the polymeric layers was implemented to yield a concaved mold by assembly on the surface of the 100 nm embossed polymer mold substrate. Considering that the embossed structures may be crumbled due to their protuberant shapes, the concaved geometries can have an advantage of stability in a certain application concerning physical degradation along with a higher transmission by ~2%, despite somewhat nonuniform structure. The experimental and theoretical results of this study indicate that this polymer layer has the potential for use in anti-reflective coating applications in transparent films.

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Iwasaki, Shuhei, Ryoji Kitada, Akira Okada, and Yasuhiro Okamoto. "Study on Surface Characteristics of EDMed Surface with Nickel Powder Mixed Fluid." Key Engineering Materials 656-657 (July 2015): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.656-657.375.

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EDM finishing technology has progressed recently, and very small surface roughness can be obtained by controlling the electrical discharge conditions. Also, EDM using powder mixed fluids can improve the surface characteristics. Therefore, the EDM finished surface is highly expected to be applied as a final metal mold surface. In that case, the characteristics of EDMed surface influence the molding performance and the life of metal molds. As a new surface finishing method by EDM, the characteristics of EDMed surface using a nickel powder mixed fluid was experimentally discussed in this study, since nickel coatings have been widely applied to improve the corrosion resistance and the mold releasability of metal molds. Experimental analysis clarified that the resolidified layer containing nickel content could be formed on the surface by EDM in nickel powder mixed fluid. Also, the water repellency and the releasability of molded resin from the EDM finished surface could be improved.

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24

Zhang, Lei, Minli Zheng, Wei Zhang, and Kangning Li. "Research on friction and wear characteristics based on different texture angles of milling topography." Surface Topography: Metrology and Properties 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 045054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2051-672x/ac4567.

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Abstract In the field of mold manufacturing, the wear resistance of the mold is a key factor affecting the life of the mold. In order to extend the life of the mold, most scholars have invested a lot of research on the surface texture of the mold. This article mainly analyzes the influence of the texture angle of different milling topography on the wear resistance of the mold. First, we studied the formation process of the milling topography, and distinguished the quadrilateral pit topography and the hexagonal pit topography by defining the texture angle. Secondly, we carried out a wear simulation analysis on the slider with a texture angle, and studied the influence of different topography on the wear depth and stress distribution. Finally, with the help of friction and wear experiments, the wear amount of the slider with different texture angles is tested, and the relationship between the texture angle, the wear quality and the friction coefficient is analyzed. The conclusions obtained provide an effective reference for industrial designers to prepare wear-resistant molds.

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25

Jing, Lulu, Ming Chen, and Qinglong An. "Study on Performance of PVD AlTiN Coatings and AlTiN-Based Composite Coatings in Dry End Milling of Hardened Steel SKD11." Metals 11, no. 12 (December 14, 2021): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met11122019.

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Dry milling of hardened steel is an economical and environmentally friendly machining process for manufacturing a mold and die. Advances in coating technology makes the dry milling a feasible approach instead of a traditional grinding process. However, the cutting condition is particularly severe in a dry machining process. High-performance coating is desired to meet the requirement of green and highly efficient manufacturing. This study concerned the performance of AlTiN-based coatings. The effect of Al content, and the AlTiN composite coating on the cutting performance of tools are investigated in terms of friction force at the tool–chip interface, specific cutting energy, cutting temperature on the machined surface, tool wear pattern and mechanism, and surface integrity. The results show that advanced AlTiN-based coatings reduce the force and cutting energy and protect the cutters from the high cutting temperature effectively. The main wear mechanisms of the coated tools are adhesive wear, chipping induced by fatigue fracture and abrasive wear. In general, the dry milling of hardened steel with AlTiN-based coatings gains a quite satisfactory surface quality. Furthermore, AlTiN-WC/C hard-soft multilayer coating performs well in reducing cutting force, preventing adhesion wear and isolating the cutting heat, being suitable for dry milling of hardened SKD11.

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26

Kuklev, A. V., Yu M. Aizin, A. A. Makrushin, A. V. Gudkov, and E. Yu Serebryakov. "Russian experience with coatings on copper slab-mold walls." Steel in Translation 37, no. 3 (March 2007): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s0967091207030242.

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27

Martyushev, Nikita. "Alignment of the Microstructure of Castings from the Heterophase Lead Bronzes." Advanced Materials Research 880 (January 2014): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.880.163.

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This paper reports on the use of nanopowders in the coating composition forms in casting blanks from lead bronzes for the petrochemical industry. Influence of composition of used protective separating coating of casting mold on the microstructure castings was investigated. For experimental investigations following coating were selected [1]: the mixture of zirconium dioxide nanopowder with industrial oil and the same composition as it’s, but on the basis of aluminum oxide nanopowder. As the test material multicomponent and lead bronzes were selected. The cooling curves castings using coatings of different compositions by means the developed device thermograph were constructed using techniques developed by the authors. The study results showed that the greatest reduction in the cooling rate at the time of crystallization bronze corresponds to coating casting mold based on powder of zirconium dioxide (45 °C/c). The cooling rate is reduced only to 65 °C/c when coating based on aluminum oxide. Decrease the cooling rate of castings using these coatings can change the shape and size of lead inclusions and align the casting structure in section. Form inclusions lead is becoming more spherical and their interfacial surface is leveled. The greatest changes occur in the surface layers of castings. Is shown that the multicomponent bronzes decreased speed the cooling due to the use plasters leads not only to changes in the morphology of inclusions but also to lead the change in the phase composition. Decrease of cooling rate leads to increasing the amount of eutectoid and growth of hardness casting.

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28

Song, Dong Hwan, Gon Seung Yang, and Jong Kook Lee. "Effect of Heat Treatment on Characterizations of TiCrN Coated Layer by R.F Magnetron Sputtering." Solid State Phenomena 124-126 (June 2007): 1513–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1513.

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Series of TiCrN wear resistant coatings have been known to be superior to other coatings in protecting tools which may be damaged corrosion, oxidization, abrasion and hardness of mold materials. The corrosion and oxidation resistance of TiN/CrN(TiCrN) multilayer coatings is better than that of single TiN and CrN coatings. TiCrN coated layer was formed by coating a layer of TixCr1-xN by non-stoichiometry. In this study, TiCrN coated layer by R.F magnetron sputtering was executed heat treatment each other temperature by tube furnace. And then surfaces of coated layer and cross sections were observed by FE-SEM and XRD. Corrosion resistance tester measured characterizations of coated layers. When the temperature increased, TiN was partially transformed to Ti2N and TiNX, and CrN was also transformed to Cr2N. The formation of non-stoichiometric phases decreased corrosion resistance.

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29

Novotny, Jan, Stefan Michna, Iryna Hren, Jaromir Cais, Irena Lysonkova, and Vaclav Svorcik. "PTFE Based Multilayer Micro-Coatings for Aluminum AlMg3 Forms Used in Tire Production." Coatings 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020119.

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The basic prerequisite for obtaining the coating of good quality is the production of a layer without the occurrence of surface defects. A possible solution to the occurrence of defects on the functional surface of the form is the application of a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)-based coating. The coating helps to reduce surface roughness and “smooth” defects like pores and micro-shrinkage. For this reason, a new type and methodology of the coating were prepared to achieve more production cycles between the individual cleaning processes during the production of a tire. The subject of the study was the analysis of surface-applied micro-coatings, including the analysis of chemical composition by using energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) and microstructure in the area of coatings. Detailed microstructural characterization of Alfipas 7818 and Alfiflon 39 and its imaging of surface structures were studied using atomic force microscopy. To examine the surface layer of the coatings, metallographic specimens of cross-sections (by means of a mold) were prepared and examined by light and electron microscopy. This new multilayer micro-coating with a thickness of 20–25 μm has been found to prevent form contamination during tire production and to extend production cycles by 200–400% between process cleanings. This finding was actually tested in the production of tires in the environment of a large manufacturing company.

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30

D'Avico, Luigi, Ruben Beltrami, Nora Lecis, and Stefano Trasatti. "Corrosion Behavior and Surface Properties of PVD Coatings for Mold Technology Applications." Coatings 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9010007.

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Chrome plating is still one of the best solutions to coat martensitic steel used in the molding of plastics and rubbers. However, current stringent regulations on environmental impact call for more sustainable processes. In the present work, some physical vapor deposition (PVD) nitride coatings were produced on X155CrMoV12 steel and characterized in terms of both corrosion behavior and surface properties. Results indicated that titanium-based PVD coatings could be a valuable alternative to chromium-based coatings as they exhibited a good compromise between corrosion and surface properties. AlTiN and TiN PVD coatings exhibited adequate hardness for plastic mold applications, with AlTiN reaching hardness as high as 2000 HV. Moreover, the critical loads and adhesion properties were found to be definitely better than those of chromium-based coatings. From a corrosion point of view, the presence of multilayers in AlTiN did not seem to be beneficial as the breakdown potential for TiN (single layer) was ca. 1.1 V vs. saturated calomel electrode (SCE) compared to 0.85 V vs. SCE for AlTiN in aggressive media (NaCl).

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31

Sapper, Mayra, Maria Eugenia Martin-Esparza, Amparo Chiralt, and Chelo Gonzalez Martinez. "Antifungal Polyvinyl Alcohol Coatings Incorporating Carvacrol for the Postharvest Preservation of Golden Delicious Apple." Coatings 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111027.

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Different polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating formulations incorporating starch (S) and carvacrol (C) as the active agent were applied to Golden Delicious apples to evaluate their effectiveness at controlling weight loss, respiration rate, fruit firmness, and fungal decay against B. cinerea and P. expansum throughout storage time. Moreover, the impact of these coatings on the sensory attributes of the fruit was also analyzed. The application of the coatings did not notably affect the weight loss, firmness changes, or respiration pathway of apples, probably due to the low solid surface density of the coatings. Nevertheless, they exhibited a highly efficient disease control against both black and green mold growths, as a function of the carvacrol content and distribution in the films. The sensory analysis revealed the great persistence of the carvacrol aroma and flavor in the coated samples, which negatively impact the acceptability of the coated products.

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32

Tanboriphan, N., B. Teeraprawatekul, S. Mahathanabodee, and I. Jangchud. "Study of bladder release agent formulas and methods to evaluate their efficiencies by using reciprocating tribometer." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1234, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1234/1/012005.

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Abstract Bladder is one of the most important components in tire manufacturing process. In tire industry, methods to prolong bladder service-life and good bladder coatings for non-stick surface has been acquired. Bladder coated with good release agents can help reducing nonconforming products and increasing production efficiency. In this work, semi-permanent release agent formulas were studied. A new method to evaluate release agent efficiency by using a reciprocating tribometer were also carried out. Polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) release agent formulas were developed with and without polymethyl hydrogen siloxane (PMHS). Effects of metal salt cure catalyst were also studied. In this work, method of release efficiency test was developed by using a reciprocating tribometer according to ASTM G133-05. It can be used to determine coefficient of friction of the coated surface and durability of the coatings. Coating durability test was also confirmed by repeating compression molding test to determine the number of release cycles. It was found that film durability was improved by adding the metal salt catalyst and PMHS. As the PMHS loading was increased, film endurance was improved to an optimum loading. Friction coefficient of the coatings could be related to the mold release ability and durability of the release agents. The technique can be used to estimate the service-life of the coated bladders. It can be used as a guideline for development of mold release agents in tire manufacturing industry.

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33

D’Avico, Luigi, Ruben Beltrami, Eleonora Pargoletti, Stefano P. M. Trasatti, and Giuseppe Cappelletti. "Insight into the Release Agents/PVD Coatings Interaction for Plastic Mold Technology." Coatings 10, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10030281.

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In polymer processing, the formation of undesired fouling hinders the plastic manufacturing processes. Hence, the use of emulsions as releasing agents is mandatory and their affinity to the mold substrates plays a crucial role. Therefore, this research work has been focused on the wetting properties of commercial water-based release agents (namely Marbocote® W2140, EP, EV-333) towards different Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) nitride coatings (AlTiN, NbN, ZrN and TiN), usually adopted in the industrial manufacture of Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (HNBR). The investigated solid substrates were characterized by means of profilometry, SEM/EDX and Surface Free Energy (SFE) analyses, whereas, tensiometric determinations were acquired on the commercial pure and diluted emulsions. The release agents/mold substrates wettability features were studied by means of the work of adhesion and the spreading coefficient. Finally, nitride-coated mold seals were directly tested in an industrial plant with the most performing release agent in terms of adhesive features; for the first time, a deep correlation between the service life, in terms of number of molded seals, and surface (contact angles, work of adhesion and spreading coefficient)/electrochemical (OCP) features was drawn.

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34

Wang, Chunhua, Chunfeng Ma, Changdao Mu, and Wei Lin. "Tailor-made zwitterionic polyurethane coatings: microstructure, mechanical property and their antimicrobial performance." RSC Advances 7, no. 44 (2017): 27522–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra04379a.

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35

Weng, Can, Jiachen Chen, Jin Yang, Mingyong Zhou, and Bingyan Jiang. "Experimental Investigation and Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Anti-Adhesion Behavior of Alkanethiols on Nickel Insert in Micro Injection Molding." Nanomaterials 11, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11071834.

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Due to the adhesion between the polymer melt and nickel (Ni) mold insert in the micro injection molding process, deformation defects frequently occur when the microstructures are demolded from the insert. In this study, self-assembled alkanethiols were applied to modify the surface of Ni mold insert to reduce its surface energy. Experimental trials were undertaken to explore the effect of alkanethiols coating on the replication quality. After that, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was then used to investigate the adhesion behavior between the self-assembled coating and polypropylene (PP) by establishing three different types of alkanethiol material. The interaction energy, the potential energy change and radial distribution function were calculated to study the anti-adhesion mechanism. Experimental results show that all the three coatings can effectively decrease the adhesion and therefore promote the replication fidelity. It is demonstrated in MD simulation that the adhesion mainly comes from the van der Waals (vdW) force at the interface. The arrangement of sulfur atom on the Ni surface results in different absorbing behaviors. Compared with that of the PP–Ni interface, the interfacial energy and adhesion work after surface treatment is significantly reduced.

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36

Wang, Lei Gang, Jian Fen Zhou, Yao Huang, and Xian Ping Sun. "Research on Friction Wear Characters and Microcosmic Mechanism of Galvanized Sheets." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 78–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.78.

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Wear tester UMT-2 was used to study the friction wear characters of galvanized sheets under dry friction and oil lubrication. Three-dimensional morphology instrument WYKONT11 was used to observe the width and maximum depth of wear scars, surface roughness and surface topography. Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of zinc coating compositions and tests of micro hardness were carried out. Then, the friction wear mechanism of galvanized sheets was preliminary discussed. The experimental results indicate that, under dry friction, galvanized sheets experience three stages: run-in wear, abrasive wear and adhesive wear. Meanwhile, zinc coatings exfoliate until they lose efficacy. Good lubrication is propitious to protect zinc coatings and it can reduce friction wear. The research results can provide guidance for formability analysis and mold design of galvanized sheets.

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37

Zhang, Lei, Ben Liang Sun, Lin Wang, Yang Xu, Yang Li, and Xin Shen. "Study of Properties of Ni-Base Nano-ZrO₂ Composite Plating Coatings." Advanced Materials Research 239-242 (May 2011): 1452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.239-242.1452.

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The surface of copper plate of the mold need to be reinforced to obtain the plating coatings with high hardness and corrosion resistant properties. Nowadays, Ni-base alloy coatings is used widely in the industrial production. In order to raise the service life of mold, the experiments on the property of Ni-base nano ZrO2 composite plating coatings was done in this paper. The experiments were planned with the orthogonal test design method. The effective factors on the property of coatings, bath temperature, cathode current density, the distance between two electrodes and the magnitude of Nano-ZrO2,were experimentally studied. The optimum process parameter were obtained. The results show that the composite plating layer of Ni-base Nano ZrO2 with good properties can be obtained.The optimal conditions are as follows: the bath temperature is 40 °C, cathode current density is 3A/dm2, the distance between two electrodes is 12 cm, the magnitude of Nano-ZrO2 is 12g/L. In addition binding strength of the coatings were measured quantitatively, and the structure of the plating layer were observed with SEM. The layer with good properties can be obtained in this method.

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38

Sapper, Mayra, Lluís Palou, María B. Pérez-Gago, and Amparo Chiralt. "Antifungal Starch–Gellan Edible Coatings with Thyme Essential Oil for the Postharvest Preservation of Apple and Persimmon." Coatings 9, no. 5 (May 24, 2019): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9050333.

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Starch–gellan (80:20) coating formulations were applied to apples and persimmons to analyse their effectiveness controlling the weight loss, respiration rate, fruit firmness, and fungal decay during postharvest. Thyme essential oil (EO) was incorporated (0.25 and 0.5 g per g of polymer) directly or encapsulated in lecithin to enhance antifungal action. Coatings did not reduce weight loss or firmness changes in apples, but they prevented water loss in persimmons. In contrast, no significant effect of the coatings was observed on the respiration rates and the respiration quotient of persimmons, whereas the respiration rates and quotient was increased in apples. On the other hand, the coatings without lecithin reduced the incidence and severity of black spot caused by Alternaria alternata in persimmons, regardless of the content of essential oil. Likewise, these reduced the severity of gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea in apples. No positive effect of lecithin in coatings was observed on the postharvest quality and decay in either apples or persimmons, nor did EO exert antifungal action despite its proven effectiveness in in vitro tests.

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39

Gavariev, Renat V., and Ksenia N. Gavarieva. "On the Issue of Casting Copper Alloys in Chill Mold." Materials Science Forum 1052 (February 3, 2022): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-0kxodb.

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Анотація:

The article describes the features of the process of casting copper alloys in the chill mold. The main properties of alloys depending on the content of various components in it are revealed. The main negative factors leading to a decrease in the casting properties of the process, as well as the quality of the castings obtained, are indicated. Based on the information and analytical review, possible options for improving the efficiency of the process are identified. These include: alloying, refining, modification, the use of various one-time coatings, the use of heat treatment of castings. The use of hard coatings applied by the method of physical vapor deposition in order to increase the efficiency of the entire casting process is proposed.

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40

Abraham, D. S. Manoj, H. Kanagasabapathy, S. Kartheesan, and M. C. Shaji. "Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Al 7075 T6 Coated by Plasma Spray Process." Advanced Materials Research 984-985 (July 2014): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.984-985.551.

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-Al7075 T6 alloys are widely used in the aircraft, automotive and die and mold making industry, yet at any time aluminium components should be designed with a third body or in an harsh environment they must be protected with an overlying coating inorder to increase their useful lifespan and improve their surface performance especially in wear and corrosion. The most wide spread technique used to modify the surface properties of Al7075 T6 among them one of the most promosing technology is plasma spraying. It is widely used to manufacture anti-wear and anti-corrosion coatings on to a large class of bulk materials. Extreme performance and high flexibility are the Main characteristic of the coatings achievable by Plasma Spray process. In this work Nickel Carbide + Chromium Composite coating was successfully prepared and deposied with various thicknesses on the Aluminium alloy surface. Nickel Carbide + Chromium composite coating exhibits a significantly increased wear resistance property in the material. The result obtained in this work indicated that the plasma spraying method will be the promising process to coat the composite coating on aluminium based alloy.Keywords: Al 7075 T6, Plasma Spray Process, Nickel Carbide + Chromium

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41

Ma, Kung Jeng, H. H. Chien, W. H. Chuan, Choung Lii Chao, and K. C. Hwang. "Design of Protective Coatings for Glass Lens Molding." Key Engineering Materials 364-366 (December 2007): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.364-366.655.

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The glass molding process is considered to have a great potential for the mass production of aspherical glass lenses with high precision and low cost. However, glass molding has a serious problem of mold sticking with glass which needs to be resolved. This research investigates the interface reaction between glass and mold by high temperature wetting experiment, which provides the reference for the designing anti-stick coatings. The SUMITA K-PSK200 optical glass gobs with low Tg were used in this study. The influence of operation temperature, ambient gas, substrate materials, and thin film composition on wettability of glass at high temperature were studied. The results show that the higher the temperature, the smaller the wetting angle between glass gob and substrate could be observed. This indicates that severe interface chemical reaction occured and resulted in the loss of transparency in glass appearance. The wetting experiment in nitrogen ambient improved the sticking situation. The combination of chemically stable substrates and coatings, such as Sapphire (substrate) / GaN (film) and Glass (substrate) / Al2O3 (film) can achieve the best antistick propose. The precious metal films, such as Pt, Ir, coated on the ceramic substrates can effectively reduce the interface reaction between the glass and substrates.

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42

Yang, Qiu He, Shu Jun Shen, and Li Xia Wang. "Microstructure and Behavior of Laser Cladding SiC + Ni-WC Ceramic Coating on H13 Steel." Advanced Materials Research 571 (September 2012): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.571.77.

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Анотація:

To obtain high properties of laser cladding layer, and to expand the service life of the mold, the laser cladding layer with Ni-WC and SiC on the surface of H13 steel made by using a laser. Then the cross-section and surface morphologies of the coatings and wear tracks were observed with a JSM-5610 type scanning microscope. The friction and properties were examined under dry sliding conditions using a WTM-1E type ball-on-disc machine. The wear mechanisms are discussed as well. The results show that the composite coating is very compact and good blinding with the substrate after laser remelting, and the wear mass loss of the composite coating reduced to about 1/4 of the matrix material.

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43

Martyushev, N. V., and E. N. Pashkov. "Bronze Sealing Rings Defects and Ways of its Elimination." Applied Mechanics and Materials 379 (August 2013): 82–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.379.82.

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In the article data about application nanopowder on a structure of coatings of the form are submitted at a casting of lead-tin bronzes. Elimination of gas porosity on a surface bronze cast preparations of high pressure compressors piston rings was the primary goal of such application protectively-dividing coverings. For experimental works mark of multicomponent bronze has been chosen. Its structure includes tin, lead, zinc and nickel. Casting from this bronze received a method of centrifugal molding. Influence of a structure of used protective - separating coating of a foundry core on a surface smoothness was probeed. Was compared action of coatings of a following composition: anti-burning-in coating (a blend of a low dispersible powder of chromium oxide with calcinated vegetable oil); anti-burning-in material ASPF-2/RgU (on the basis a low dispersible powder of graphite and the calcinated vegetable oil); the patent № 2297300 (blend of a ultradispersible powder of dioxide of zirconium with inpowderrial oil. Molding without use of coverings leads porosity depth to 4-5 mm and to a marriage significant amount (to 50 %). Use ASPF-2/RgU completely eliminates welding casting to a casting mold, but porosity on a surface remains. Application of coverings of a casting mold containing in quality of a filler ultradisperse powders oxide metals with low heat conductivity allows in to lower much a roughness and to eliminate gas porosity on a cast surface from lead-tin bronze. A gas time of a surface still remains, but them becomes much less and their form changes. Depth of defects doesn't exceed 1-1,5 mm that doesn't fall outside the limits the admission.

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44

Chun, Eun-Joon. "Nanostructuring Behavior of NiCrBSi and CoCrWC Thermal Spray Coatings Formed by Temperature-Controlled Laser Heat Treatment." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 58, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2020.58.4.247.

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Анотація:

.For surface hardening of a continuous casting mold component, a thermal spray coating of NiCrBSi (Metco-16C) and CoCrWC (Stellite-1) was performed followed by laser heat treatment of the coatings. To support selective modification of the thermal spray coating, a metallurgically determined surface temperature was maintained during the laser heat treatment, by real-time control of the laser power. In other words, nonhomogeneities in the macrosegregation of certain alloying elements, and voids in the as-sprayed state, could be improved. The main microstructural features of the Metco-16C coating laser-heat-treated at 1423 K were nanosized (100–150 nm) Cr5B3, M7C3, and M23C6 precipitates with a lamellar structure of Ni (FCC) and Ni3Si as the matrix phase. Those of the laser heat-treated Stellite- 1 coating at 1473 K were fine (30–250 nm) precipitates of WC, M7C3, and M23C6 based on a Co (FCC) matrix. The results show that laser heat treatment at 1423 K increased the hardness of the Mecto-16C coating to 1115 HV from the as-sprayed state (754 HV), while treatment at 1473 K increased the hardness of the Stellite-1 coating from 680 HV to 860 HV.

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45

Pan, C. T., T. L. Yang, C. H. Chao, Z. K. Wang, and P. R. Ni. "Study on Anti-Adhesion Layers Using AFM for Nanoimprint Process." Key Engineering Materials 661 (September 2015): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.661.128.

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This study investigates how to improve the anti-adhesion issues between Silicon mold and nanostructures of hard polydimethylsiloxane (H-PDMS). A Silicon mold with different depths and widths was made using a focused ion beam (FIB). During the soft-lithography molding process, anti-adhesion layers were needed between the Silicon mold and H-PDMS samples to prevent the de-molding failure caused by the adhesion issues between the interfaces. This study adopts three methods to deposit anti-adhesion layers, such as liquid immersion, vapor deposition, and fluorine-doped diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) film. Perfluorooctyl-trichlorosilane (PFOTCS) was used as a mold-releasing agent for the liquid immersion and vapor deposition methods. The contact angles between each film were measured to determine the effect of anti-adhesion on the molding process. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to measure the adhesion force between the H-PDMS and anti-adhesion layers. The results show that the coatings of anti-adhesion layers are an effective approach to improve the formability of molding.

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46

Hobæk, Thor Christian, Maria Matschuk, Jan Kafka, Henrik J. Pranov, and Niels B. Larsen. "Hydrogen silsesquioxane mold coatings for improved replication of nanopatterns by injection molding." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 25, no. 3 (February 12, 2015): 035018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/25/3/035018.

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47

Sorgato, Marco, Davide Masato, and Giovanni Lucchetta. "Tribological effects of mold surface coatings during ejection in micro injection molding." Journal of Manufacturing Processes 36 (December 2018): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmapro.2018.09.022.

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48

Guo, C. T., and P. C. Chen. "Amorphous hydrogenated carbon coatings on IC packaging mold by ECR-CVD system." Applied Surface Science 253, no. 23 (September 2007): 9191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2007.05.045.

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49

UCHIDATE, Michimasa, and Rin YAEGASHI. "Effects of hard coatings on mold-release characteristic of injection-moulded Polycarbonate." Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2020 (2020): S11310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2020.s11310.

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50

Grossand, K. A., and A. Kovalevskis. "Mold manufacture with plasma spraying." Journal of Thermal Spray Technology 5, no. 4 (December 1996): 469–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02645278.

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