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1
Paul, K. I., M. K. Conyers, and A. S. Black. "Influence of moist - dry cycles on pH changes in surface soils." Soil Research 37, no. 6 (1999): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr98105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It is well established that in the moderately acidic soils of southern Australia, the 0–2 cm layer commonly has a higher pH than soil layers between 2 and 10 cm depth. The surface 2 cm of soil is also exposed to much greater fluctuations of moisture content than deeper soil layers. There are contradictory or speculative reports in the literature on how soil moisture fluctuation affects pH and processes which influence pH. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of moist–dry cycles on pH, and on processes involving H+ transformations, in 3 surface soils (0–2 cm) sampled from southern New South Wales. Following a pre-incubation, the 3 surface soils were incubated for 28 days at 30°C and were: (i) maintained continuously dry, (ii) subjected to short (2 days dry, 5 days moist) or long (7 days dry, 7 days moist) moist–dry cycles, or (iii) maintained continuously moist. During the incubation, the pH of continuously dry soil slightly increased by 0.03–0.10 units, while the pH of continuously moist soil decreased by 0.16–0.39 units. In soils subject to both short and long moist–dry cycles, the pH decreased by 0.06–0.34 units. However, relative to soils maintained moist, exposure to moist–dry cycles suppressed acidification by 0.05–0.26 pH units. In dry soils the pH increased, since some of the NH4+-N produced by net N mineralisation was not subsequently nitrified, and there was a net reduction of Mn. In soils which received water, acidification was predominately attributed to nitrification. Relative to soils maintained moist, acidification was suppressed by 1.6–6.5 mmol H+/kg due to the 11–35% decrease of nitrification on exposure to moist–dry cycles. In acidic surface soils (pH <5.5), acidification rates were further suppressed by 0.1–1.0 mmol H+/kg due to the 1.06–2.06 times greater net Mn reduction in moist–dry soils than in continuously moist soils.
2
Bhattacharya, Surajit, J. Ravikrishnan, B. S. Satish Rao, H. Divakar Shenoy, S. R. Shetty, and Leo Menezes. "A comparative study of the efficacy of topical negative pressure moist dressings and conventional moist dressings in chronic wounds." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 40, no. 02 (July 2007): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Aim: To assess the efficacy of topical negative pressure moist wound dressing as compared to conventional moist wound dressings in improving the healing process in chronic wounds and to prove that negative pressure dressings can be used as a much better treatment option in the management of chronic wounds. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective comparative study of data from 112 patients with chronic wounds, of which 56 patients underwent topical negative pressure dressings (17 diabetic, 10 pressure sores, nine ischemic, two varicose, 10 post-infective raw areas and eight traumatic - six had bone exposed, two orthopaedic prosthesis exposed). The remaining 56 patients underwent conventional moist dressings (20 diabetic, two ischemic, 15 pressure sores, three varicose, eight post-infective raw areas and eight traumatic - five had bone exposed, three orthopaedic prosthesis exposed). The results were compared after 10 days. The variables compared were, rate of granulation tissue formation as a percentage of ulcer area covered, skin graft take up as the percentage of ulcer surface area and duration of hospital stay. The variables were compared using Unpaired Student′s t test. A " P" value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 56 patients who underwent topical negative pressure dressings, six (10.71%) were failures, due to failure in maintaining topical negative pressure due to defective sealing technique; these were included into the study group. After 10 days, the mean rate of granulation tissue formation was 71.43% of ulcer surface area. All these 56 cases underwent split-thickness skin grafting. The mean graft take-up was 79.29%. The mean hospital stay was 32.64 days. In the remaining 56 patients, the mean rate of granulation tissue formation was 52.85% of ulcer surface area. The mean graft take-up was only 60.45% of the total ulcer surface area. The mean hospital stay was 60.45 days. Conclusion: To conclude, topical negative pressure dressings help in faster healing of chronic wounds and better graft take-up and reduce hospital stay of these patients.
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Shi, Andong, and Petra Marschner. "The number of moist days determines respiration in drying and rewetting cycles." Biology and Fertility of Soils 51, no. 1 (August 8, 2014): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00374-014-0947-2.
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Terkla, L. G., A. C. Brown, A. P. Hainisch, and J. C. Mitchem. "Testing Sealing Properties of Restorative Materials Against Moist Dentin." Journal of Dental Research 66, no. 12 (December 1987): 1758–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345870660121201.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this investigation were (1) to develop a sensitive laboratory system that simulates the physiological and clinical conditions of a prepared human tooth in order to facilitate the determination of the bonding and sealing efficacies of restorative dental materials and (2) to conduct experiments with two dentin bonding agents, two posterior composite resin restorative materials (hybrid and micro filled), and a glass-ionomer type II filling material. The system functioned well and provided data to indicate that, after margination, the two posterior composite resin restorative materials performed equally and both performed better than the glass-ionomer filling material; none of the materials provided a perfect seal immediately after insertion, although some restorations demonstrated perfect seals from 16 hours to 28 days after placement; the seal of the glass-ionomer material improved after 28 days of storage in buffer solution; each successive step in the respective composite resin procedures improved the seal except in one case for the micro filled resin.
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Moriya, Giovana Abrahão de Araújo, and Kazuko Uchikawa Graziano. "Sterility Maintenance Assessment of Moist/Wet Material After Steam Sterilization and 30-day Storage." Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem 18, no. 4 (August 2010): 786–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692010000400018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Moist/wet materials stored after autoclaving are considered contaminated and not recommended for use. This study evaluates the maintenance of sterility in moist/wet material after being submitted to steam sterilization and stored for a period of 30 days. Aiming to support decision-making in emergency situations, 40 surgical boxes packed in nonwoven cloth covering Spunbound, Metblouwn, Spunbound (SMS): half (the experimental group) were placed in an autoclave but the drying phase was interrupted, yielding moist/wet materials and the other half (the negative control group) underwent the complete cycle. The external parts of each surgical box were deliberately contaminated with Serratia marcescens and subsequently stored for 30 days. After this period, the boxes' contents were submitted to sterility tests and no growth was observed. The presence of moisture inside the surgical boxes did not interfere with maintaining their sterility.
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Wahyuni, Lutfi. "EFFECT MOIST WOUND HEALING TECHNIQUE TOWARD DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH ULKUS DIABETIKUM IN DHOHO ROOM RSUD PROF Dr. SOEKANDAR MOJOSARI." Jurnal Keperawatan 6, no. 1 (May 30, 2017): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47560/kep.v6i1.161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Wound healing of ulkus diabetikum depends on wound treatment given; an appropriate wound treatment technique is able to help the healing process quickly and prevent amputation effectively. It needs wound treatment that is able to prevent advanced complication and increase wound healing process such as moist wound healing. This study aimed to aplicated technique with moist wound healing toward diabetes mellitus patients with ulcer diabetic in dhoho room RSUD Prof Dr. Soekandar Mojosari. Deskriptive explorative research design was used in this study. The number of sample were 20 respondents who were the whole ulcer diabetic patients on January – March 2016. The date were collected from the 1st and 7th wound treatment days of embroider medic and used observation sheets. The findings revealed that 20 respondents were on wound healing degree with regeneration wound; it means that the whole respondents cared by moist wound healing within 7 days got regeneration wound or net amelioration. Moist wound healing technique is able to keep moist of wound itself, so that it can facilitate cell and wound movement as well as expedite the granulation process about 50%. Therefore, after doing wound healing during 7 days, the significant change was on wound granulation development. Besides, it can minimize cell damage while the alteration bandage in order to prevent the new trauma and wound spread.
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Lima, Maria Andrea, and James W. Wilson. "Convective Storm Initiation in a Moist Tropical Environment." Monthly Weather Review 136, no. 6 (June 1, 2008): 1847–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007mwr2279.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Radar and satellite data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission–Large-Scale Biosphere–Atmosphere (TRMM–LBA) project have been examined to determine causes for convective storm initiation in the southwest Amazon region. The locations and times of storm initiation were based on the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol). Both the radar and the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-8 (GOES-8) visible data were used to identify cold pools produced by convective precipitation. These data along with high-resolution topographic data were used to determine possible convective storm triggering mechanisms. The terrain elevation varied from 100 to 600 m. Tropical forests cover the area with numerous clear-cut areas used for cattle grazing and farming. This paper presents the results from 5 February 1999. A total of 315 storms were initiated within 130 km of the S-Pol radar. This day was classified as a weak monsoon regime where convection developed in response to the diurnal cycle of solar heating. Scattered shallow cumulus during the morning developed into deep convection by early afternoon. Storm initiation began about 1100 LST and peaked around 1500–1600 LST. The causes of storm initiation were classified into four categories. The most common initiation mechanism was caused by forced lifting by a gust front (GF; 36%). Forcing by terrain (>300 m) without any other triggering mechanism accounted for 21% of the initiations and colliding GFs accounted for 16%. For the remaining 27% a triggering mechanism was not identified. Examination of all days during TRMM–LBA showed that this one detailed study day was representative of many days. A conceptual model of storm initiation and evolution is presented. The results of this study should have implications for other locations when synoptic-scale forcing mechanisms are at a minimum. These results should also have implications for very short-period forecasting techniques in any location where terrain, GFs, and colliding boundaries influence storm evolution.
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Egley, Grant H. "High-Temperature Effects on Germination and Survival of Weed Seeds in Soil." Weed Science 38, no. 4-5 (September 1990): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500056794.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seeds of eight weed species were heated for up to 7 days at 40, 50, 60, and 70 C in dry (2% moisture) and moist (19% moisture) Bosket very fine sandy loam to determine temperature-time treatments lethal to weed seeds. Seeds in dry soil were very tolerant to 60 C or less for up to 7 days but most seeds were killed at 70 C after 7 days. In moist soil, a few (1 to 12%) seeds of common purslane, redroot pigweed, johnsongrass, and spurred anoda survived for up to 3 days at 70 C. Some (4 to 30%) seeds of velvetleaf, pitted morningglory, and the above species survived up to 7 days at 60 C. No seeds of prickly sida and common cocklebur survived more than one-half day at 60 C. Three days at 50 C were lethal to all cocklebur seeds. Many of the sublethal treatments promoted germination of prickly sida, velvetleaf, spurred anoda, and pitted morningglory, presumably because high temperature broke dormancy of some hard seeds. The enhanced effect of heat treatments upon seeds in moist soil compared to seeds in dry soil was due to the higher moisture content of seeds, or in fruit tissues of dispersal units in moist soil. Because some seeds survived several days in moist soil at 60 and 70 C, it is unlikely that soil solarization or other natural methods of raising soil temperature will eliminate weed seeds from the field. However, high soil temperatures may reduce weed seed populations by killing heat-susceptible seeds and by breaking dormancy of hard seeds followed by thermal kill of seedlings.
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Davis, Christopher A. "The Formation of Moist Vortices and Tropical Cyclones in Idealized Simulations." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 72, no. 9 (September 1, 2015): 3499–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0027.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The upscale aggregation of convection is used to understand the emergence of rotating, coherent midtropospheric structures and the subsequent process of tropical cyclone formation. The Cloud Model, version 1 (CM1), is integrated on an f plane with uniform sea surface temperature (SST) and prescribed uniform background flow. Deep convection is maintained by surface fluxes from an ocean with uniform surface temperature. Convection begins to organize simultaneously into moist and dry midtropospheric patches after 10 days. After 20 days, the patches begin to rotate on relatively small scales. Moist cyclonic vortices merge, eventually forming a single dominant vortex that subsequently forms a tropical cyclone on a realistic time scale of about 5 days. Radiation that interacts with clouds and water vapor aids in forming coherent rotating structures. Using the path to genesis provided by the aggregated solution, the relationship between thermodynamic changes within the vortex and changes in the character of convection prior to genesis is explored. Consistent with previous studies, the approach to saturation within the midtropospheric vortex accelerates the genesis process. A novel result is that, prior to genesis, downdrafts become widespread and somewhat stronger. The increased downdraft mass flux leads to stronger and larger surface cold pools. Shear–cold pool dynamics promote the organization of lower-tropospheric updrafts that spin up the surface vortex. It is inferred that the observed inconsistency between convective intensity and thermodynamic stabilization prior to genesis results from sampling limitations of the observations wherein the important cold pool gradients are unresolved.
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., Abhijit J. Pawar. "COMPARISON OF 28 DAYS CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTHS BY ACCELERATED CURING AND NORMAL MOIST CURING." International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology 04, no. 25 (December 25, 2015): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2015.0425031.
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Hagos, Samson, and L. Ruby Leung. "Moist Thermodynamics of the Madden–Julian Oscillation in a Cloud-Resolving Simulation." Journal of Climate 24, no. 21 (November 1, 2011): 5571–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2011jcli4212.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The moist thermodynamic processes that determine the time scale and energy of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) are investigated using moisture and eddy available potential energy budget analyses on a cloud-resolving simulation. Two MJO episodes observed during the winter of 2007/08 are realistically simulated. During the inactive phase, moisture supplied by meridional moisture convergence and boundary layer diffusion generates shallow and congestus clouds that moisten the lower troposphere while horizontal mixing tends to dry it. As the lower troposphere is moistened, it becomes a source of moisture for the subsequent deep convection during the MJO active phase. As the active phase ends, the lower troposphere dries out primarily by condensation and horizontal divergence that dominates over the moisture supply by vertical transport. In the simulation, the characteristic time scales of convective vertical transport, mixing, and condensation of moisture in the midtroposphere are estimated to be about 2 days, 4 days, and 20 h respectively. The small differences among these time scales result in an effective time scale of MJO moistening of about 25 days, half the period of the simulated MJO. Furthermore, various cloud types have a destabilizing or damping effect on the amplitude of MJO temperature signals, depending on their characteristic latent heating profile and its temporal covariance with the temperature. The results are used to identify possible sources of the difficulties in simulating MJO in low-resolution models that rely on cumulus parameterizations.
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Waite, Michael L., and Chris Snyder. "Mesoscale Energy Spectra of Moist Baroclinic Waves." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 4 (April 1, 2013): 1242–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-11-0347.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The role of moist processes in the development of the mesoscale kinetic energy spectrum is investigated with numerical simulations of idealized moist baroclinic waves. Dry baroclinic waves yield upper-tropospheric kinetic energy spectra that resemble a −3 power law. Decomposition into horizontally rotational and divergent kinetic energy shows that the divergent energy has a much shallower spectrum, but its amplitude is too small to yield a characteristic kink in the total spectrum, which is dominated by the rotational part. The inclusion of moist processes energizes the mesoscale. In the upper troposphere, the effect is mainly in the divergent part of the kinetic energy; the spectral slope remains shallow (around −) as in the dry case, but the amplitude increases with increasing humidity. The divergence field in physical space is consistent with inertia–gravity waves being generated in regions of latent heating and propagating throughout the baroclinic wave. Buoyancy flux spectra are used to diagnose the scale at which moist forcing—via buoyant production from latent heating—injects kinetic energy. There is significant input of kinetic energy in the mesoscale, with a peak at scales of around 800 km and a plateau at smaller scales. If the latent heating is artificially set to zero at some time, the enhanced divergent kinetic energy decays over several days toward the level obtained in the dry simulation. The effect of moist forcing of mesoscale kinetic energy presents a challenge for theories of the mesoscale spectrum based on the idealization of a turbulent inertial subrange.
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Kravchenko, N. О., М. H. Perederii, and О. M. Dmytruk. "MICROBIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF ROLLED MOIST CORN GRAIN FERMENTED BY PROBIOTIC MICROORGANISM STRAINS." Agriciltural microbiology 31 (July 7, 2020): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.31.72-82.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective. Study the influence of Bacillus subtilis and probiotic strains of lactic acid bacteriaon microbiological processes during fermentation of rolled moist corn grain. Methods. Microbiological, zootechnical. Results. The antifungal activity of probiotic strains of Bacillus subtilis ВРТB1 and Lactobacillus plantarum KT-L18/1 against micromycetes isolated from rolled moist corngrain was studied. It has been established that B. subtilis ВРТ-B1 actively inhibits the growth ofmoulds of the genera Mucor, Rhisopus and Penicillium and yeasts of the genera Sacharomyces andTorulopsis. L. plantarum KT-L18/1 shows weak antifungal activity, pronounced antagonism is onlyobserved against micromycetes of the genus Penicillium and yeast of the genus Torulopsis. Underexposure to B. subtilis ВРТ-B1 and L. plantarum KT-L18/1, was a 3-fold increase in the number oflactic acid bacteria on a day 70 compared to the same parameter in the baseline raw material; nobutyric acid bacteria, moulds and pathogenic microorganisms were detected. When air flow isavailable for prepared moist corn, the development of micromycetes is observed within 14 days inall variants, except for inoculation of raw materials with L. plantarum KT-L18/1. At the same time,the number of micromycetes increased 2.4 times in the moist corn without the introduction of preservatives, which increases the probability of accelerated aerobic spoilage of feed and the threat ofcontamination with mycotoxins. Feed acidity both on a day 70 of preservation and on a day 14 fromthe beginning of air access in variants with the introduction of probiotic strains of B. subtilis ВРТB1 and L. plantarum KT-L18/1 and biopreservative Sil-All 4×4 was stably optimal within pH 4.0 to4.3. In a preserved rolled moist corn grain without introduction of preservative, pH of the feedincreased from 4.6 to 5.2, which is favourable for the active development of aerobic microflora.Conclusions. Making of rolled moist corn grain treated with B. subtilis ВРТ-B1 and L. plantarumKT-L18/1 ensures the establishment of optimal levels of feed acidity, prevents the intensive development of putrefactive microorganisms, micromycetes, which contributes to better aerobic stabilityof feed for 14 days after access of air compared with feed without the use of probiotic microorganisms; saturates the moist corn with probiotic microflora beneficial for animals.
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Qian, Weihong, Ning Jiang, and Jun Du. "Reply to “Comments on ‘Incorporating the Effects of Moisture into a Dynamical Parameter: Moist Vorticity and Moist Divergence’”." Weather and Forecasting 31, no. 4 (August 1, 2016): 1397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-16-0111.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Mathematical derivation, meteorological justification, and comparison to model direct precipitation forecasts are the three main concerns recently raised by Schultz and Spengler about moist divergence (MD) and moist vorticity (MV), which were introduced in earlier work by Qian et al. That previous work demonstrated that MD (MV) can in principle be derived mathematically with a value-added empirical modification. MD (MV) has a solid meteorological basis. It combines ascent motion and high moisture: the two elements necessary for rainfall. However, precipitation efficiency is not considered in MD (MV). Given the omission of an advection term in the mathematical derivation and the lack of precipitation efficiency, MD (MV) might be suitable mainly for heavy rain events with large areal coverage and long duration caused by large-scale quasi-stationary weather systems, but not for local intense heavy rain events caused by small-scale convection. In addition, MD (MV) is not capable of describing precipitation intensity. MD (MV) worked reasonably well in predicting heavy rain locations from short to medium ranges as compared with the ECMWF model precipitation forecasts. MD (MV) was generally worse than (though sometimes similar to) the model heavy rain forecast at shorter ranges (about a week) but became comparable or even better at longer ranges (around 10 days). It should be reiterated that MD (MV) is not intended to be a primary tool for predicting heavy rain areas, especially in the short range, but is a useful parameter for calibrating model heavy precipitation forecasts, as stated in the original paper.
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Struve, Daniel K., Brian A. Oleksak, Takayuki Kawahara, and Ayako Kanazashi. "Germination of Japanese Stewartia Seeds: The Effects of Warm and Cold Stratification." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.4.197.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Japanese Stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia (Maxim.)) is a species with outstanding landscape qualities, but is not widely available because reliable propagation protocols have not been developed, including procedures for overcoming seed dormancy. Three experiments were conducted to determine the warm and cold stratification requirements of Japanese Stewartia seeds. In the first experiment, seeds given a 3-day aerated water soak in 1 mM GA3, followed by 3 months warm moist stratification at 25C (77F) had greater germination 173 to 297 days after initiation of cold (7C, 45F) stratification than seeds given a 3-day aerated water soak and similar warm and cold stratification treatments. Final germination was 70%, but germination was not synchronous, it occurred over 172 days. In the second experiment, germination was low (less than 1%) for seeds given either 9 months cold moist stratification or 3 months warm moist stratification at 20C (68F) before 6 months cold moist stratification. Seeds given a 3-month warm moist stratification at an alternating 12 hr 20/12C (68/54F) cycles and 10 months cold moist stratification germinated from 30 to 93%, depending on mother tree. Germination was asynchronous, beginning after 150 days cold stratification and continuing for the next 165 days. In the third experiment, germination was not enhanced by a 3-day aerated water soak in either 1 mM GA3 or water, compared with seeds given no aerated water soak prior to cold moist stratification. Germination was greatest, 35%, for seeds given a 3-month warm moist stratification at 15C (59F) followed by at least 4 months cold moist stratification. However, germination was asynchronous. The results begin to identify the warm and cold stratification treatments that result in high germination.
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Dunwell, Winston C., and Dwight E. Wolfe. "Seed Storage Media Effects on Persimmon Germination." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 604D—604. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.604d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Common persimmon, Diospyros virginiana, a medium to large, attractive native tree of narrow habit, is potentially a valuable landscape tree due to its tolerance of diverse environmental conditions. Previous work by the authors demonstrated that seed stored in perlite or peat moss had a higher percent germination following cold storage than seed stored without media. Seeds were prepared for cold storage by two methods: 1) moist seed—cleaned (cap, skin, and the easily removed pulp discarded), and (2) dry seed—cleaned, dried for three days, and the remaining pulp removed. The media were either dried or moistened, but not saturated. The treatments were: 1) moist seeds; 2) dry seeds; 3) moist seeds in dry perlite; 4) moist seeds in moist perlite; 5) dry seeds in dry perlite; 6) dry seeds in moist perlite; 7) moist seeds in dry peat moss; 8) moist seeds in moist peat moss; 9) dry seeds in dry peat moss; 10) dry seeds in moist peat moss. Seed was stored at 4.4° for 142 days. Germination of seed stored in dry perlite was not significantly different from that stored in moist perlite or peat moss, but dry peat moss significantly limited germination regardless of seed preparation.
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Stewart, J. Ryan, and Irene McGary. "Brief Exposure to Boiling Water Combined with Cold-moist Stratification Enhances Seed Germination of New Jersey Tea." HortTechnology 20, no. 3 (June 2010): 623–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.3.623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although there is increasing interest in propagating prairie plants native to the midwestern United States for managed and natural landscapes, several species, including new jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus), are difficult to germinate from seeds. New jersey tea, which is an attractive, compact woody shrub, is found in high-quality prairie remnants throughout the tallgrass prairie region. Developing a protocol to increase the uniformity of seed germination in this species would allow for more widespread horticultural cultivation of this stress-resistant, nitrogen-fixing species. We hypothesized that the germination response of seeds of new jersey tea would be enhanced by replicating conditions that mimic their natural environment, which included treatments under controlled conditions exposing seeds to chilling temperatures, sulfuric acid, and boiling water. Two minutes of exposure to boiling water followed by 60 days of cold-moist stratification at 4 °C resulted in the highest germination percentage (48%) and mean daily germination (2.18 seeds/day). Scarification with 98% sulfuric acid for 15 min followed by 60 days of cold-moist stratification resulted in significant, but lower levels of germination percentage than seeds exposed to boiling water and cold-moist stratification. Cold-moist stratification in darkness and in an 18-hour photoperiod at 4 °C did not stimulate germination to a level suitable for production purposes. However, tetrazolium tests indicated that 79% of the seeds were viable. We conclude that cold-moist stratification should be used with boiling-water or acid-scarification to uniformly produce germinated seedlings of new jersey tea. However, nonresponsive seeds should not be discarded because they may germinate in later years if kept under appropriate conditions.
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Aly, Tarek, and Jay G. Sanjayan. "Factors contributing to early age shrinkage cracking of slag concretes subjected to 7-days moist curing." Materials and Structures 41, no. 4 (June 19, 2007): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1617/s11527-007-9269-2.
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Reesman, Cade, Paul Miller, Rebecca D’Antonio, Kevin Gilmore, Ben Schott, and Chris Bannan. "Areal Probability of Precipitation in Moist Tropical Air Masses for the United States." Atmosphere 12, no. 2 (February 15, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12020255.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Moist tropical (MT) air masses routinely host convective precipitation, including weakly forced thunderstorms (WFTs). These short-lived, isolated events present recurring forecasting challenges due to their spatially small footprints and seemingly erratic behavior in quiescent warm-season environments worldwide. In particular, their activity is difficult to accurately characterize via probability of precipitation (POP), a common forecast product for the general public. This study builds an empirical climatological POP distribution for MT days over the continental United States using Stage IV precipitation estimates. Stage IV estimates within MT air masses between May–September (i.e., the boreal warm season) 2002–2019 are masked into precipitation (≥0.25 mm) and nonprecipitation (<0.25 mm) areas and standardized by the number of MT days. POPs are higher when MT air masses are present. For the Southeast U.S., POP generally increases ~15% compared to the overall warm-season value. At 1800 UTC (1–2 PM LT) daily, POPs are confined to coastal areas and east-facing ridges, and advance inland by 2100 UTC (4–5 PM LT). Climatologically, ~50% of the warm-season precipitation in the Southern U.S. occurred in MT environments. This study emphasizes the need for better forecasting tools and climatological analyses of weakly forced environments.
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Mitchell, Trevor, and David M. Schultz. "A Synoptic Climatology of Spring Dryline Convection in the Southern Great Plains." Weather and Forecasting 35, no. 4 (August 1, 2020): 1561–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/waf-d-19-0160.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA dataset of drylines within a region of the southern Great Plains was constructed to investigate the large-scale environments associated with the initiation of deep moist convection. Drylines were identified using NOAA/NWS Weather Prediction Center surface analyses for all April, May, and June days 2006–15. Doppler radar and visible and infrared satellite imagery were used to identify convective drylines, where deep, moist convection was deemed to have been associated with the dryline circulation. Approximately 60% of drylines were convective, with initiation most frequently occurring between 2000 and 2100 UTC. Composite synoptic analyses were created of 179 convective and 104 nonconvective dryline days. The composites featured an upper-level long-wave trough to the west of the Rockies and a ridge extending across the northern and eastern United States. At the surface, the composites featured a broad surface cyclone over western Texas and southerly flow over the south-central states. Convective drylines featured more amplified upper-level flow, associated with a deeper trough in the western United States and a stronger downstream ridge than nonconvective drylines up to 5 days preceding a dryline event. By the day of a dryline event, the convective composite features greater low-level specific humidity and higher CAPE than the nonconvective composite. These results demonstrate that synoptic-scale processes over several days help create conditions conducive to deep, moist convection along the dryline.
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Babamohamadi, Hassan, Monir Nobahar, Jalaladin Razi, and Raheb Ghorbani. "Comparing Vitamin A and Moist Chamber in Preventing Ocular Surface Disorders." Clinical Nursing Research 27, no. 6 (February 1, 2017): 714–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1054773817695618.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of vitamin A eye ointment (VAEO) and moist chamber (MC) in preventing ocular surface disorders (OSD) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. A total of 38 eligible patients were selected for participation in the present clinical trial. All the patients were randomly administered VAEO in one eye every 6 hr for 5 days and had a polyethylene cover (PC) placed on their other eye to create an MC that was replaced every 12 hr as well. The results of Schirmer’s test also increased by 2.06 mm in the VAEO group ( p < .001), while they showed a slight reduction by 0.15 mm in the MC group ( p = .669). VAEO was more effective in preventing OSD in ICU patients than MC and is, therefore, recommended to be used as a method of preventing OSD.
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Tabeidian, Sayed Ali, Ghorbanali Sadeghi, Majid Toghyani, and Mahmood Habibian. "Effect of feeding semi-moist diets and highly digestible carbohydrate and protein sources in the prestarter phase on performance of broiler chicks." Animal Production Science 56, no. 11 (2016): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an15105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In total, 1400 1-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used to examine the effects of inclusion of alternative carbohydrate and protein sources in prestarter diets and the form of diet on subsequent performance, physiological development and carcass characteristics of broilers. The experimental diets were offered from 1 to 7 days of age and were as follows: control maize–soybean–fish meal diet (CON); maize–soybean meal–casein–dextrose diet (CD); maize–soybean meal–casein-maize starch diet (CS); maize–soybean meal–maize gluten–dextrose diet (GD); and maize–soybean meal–maize gluten–maize starch diet (GS). Each diet was provided in either solid or semi-moist (30% moisture) form, resulting in 10 dietary treatments in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement. During the first week, a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in feed intake and weight gain was observed in the chicks receiving the CD or the CS diets compared with the chicks receiving the CON diet. Chicks receiving the CON diet also exhibited lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than did those receiving the CD or the CS diets. The adverse effect of feeding the CD and CS diets on liveweight of the birds was still evident at 21 and 42 days of age (P < 0.05). Chicks on the semi-moist diets consumed less (P < 0.05) feed than those on the solid diets during the first week. Nevertheless, chicks fed the semi-moist diets had higher (P < 0.05) weight gain and exhibited lower (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio than did those fed solid diets. During the entire period, the highest weight gain and feed intake were observed in chicks receiving the CON prestarter diet in semi-moist form. During the first week, chicks receiving the CD or the CS diet exhibited the lowest (P < 0.05) small intestine weight and length. Conversely, at the age of 21 days, these chicks had higher (P < 0.05) small intestine weight than did the other chicks. It can be concluded that using a maize–soybean–fish meal-based prestarter diet in semi-moist form improves chick development and positively affects growth performance.
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Shi, Andong, Nan Yan, and Petra Marschner. "Cumulative respiration in two drying and rewetting cycles depends on the number and distribution of moist days." Geoderma 243-244 (April 2015): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.12.019.
Повний текст джерела
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Hawkes, Amanda R., David O. Draper, A. Wayne Johnson, Mike T. Diede, and Justin H. Rigby. "Heating Capacity of ReBound Shortwave Diathermy and Moist Hot Packs at Superficial Depths." Journal of Athletic Training 48, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-48.3.04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context: The effectiveness of a new continuous diathermy unit, ReBound, as a heating modality is unknown. Objective: To compare the effects of ReBound diathermy with silicate-gel moist hot packs on tissue temperature in the human triceps surae muscle. Design: Crossover study. Setting: University research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 12 healthy, college-aged volunteers (4 men, 8 women; age = 22.2 ± 2.25 years, calf subcutaneous fat thickness = 7.2 ± 1.9 mm). Intervention(s): On 2 different days, 1 of 2 modalities (ReBound diathermy, silicate-gel moist hot pack) was applied to the triceps surae muscle of each participant for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes, the modality was removed, and temperature decay was recorded for 20 minutes. Main Outcome Measure(s): Medial triceps surae intramuscular tissue temperature at a depth of 1 cm was measured using an implantable thermocouple inserted horizontally into the muscle. Measurements were taken every 5 minutes during the 30-minute treatment and every minute during the 20-minute temperature decay, for a total of 50 minutes. Treatment was analyzed through a 2 × 7 mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures. Temperature decay was analyzed through a 2 × 21 mixed-model analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: During the 30-minute application, tissue temperatures at a depth of 1 cm increased more with the ReBound diathermy than with the moist hot pack (F6,66 = 7.14, P < .001). ReBound diathermy and moist hot packs increased tissue temperatures 3.69°C ± 1.50°C and 2.82°C ± 0.90°C, respectively, from baseline. Throughout the temperature decay, ReBound diathermy produced a greater rate of heat dissipation than the moist hot pack (F20,222 = 4.42, P < .001). Conclusions: During a 30-minute treatment at a superficial depth, the ReBound diathermy increased tissue temperature to moderate levels, which were greater than the levels reached with moist hot packs.
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Zheng, Yan-Ling, and Wei-Bang Sun. "Seed Germination of Huagaimu, a Critically Endangered Plant Endemic to Southeastern Yunnan, China." HortTechnology 19, no. 2 (January 2009): 427–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.2.427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a critically endangered tree in the Magnoliaceae family, huagaimu (Manglietiastrum sinicum) is represented by only 10 mature individuals in evergreen broadleaved montane forests of southeastern Yunnan Province, China. Our previous work revealed the existence of a seed dormancy period for this species. The current study was performed to evaluate the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs) and moist chilling on breaking seed dormancy in this species. Germination of seeds pretreated for 24 h with gibberellic acid (GA3), α-naphthaleneacetic acid, 6-benzyladenine, and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid indicated that only GA3, at concentrations of 300 and 500 mg·L−1, can significantly break the seed dormancy of huagaimu after 50 days of incubation, with about 66% germination under 500 mg·L−1 GA3. Moist chilling at 4 °C for 3 weeks can also effectively break the seed dormancy of the species, with 56% of seeds treated in this way germinating after 30 days of incubation. The combined treatments of PGRs followed by moist chilling were also conducted. Based on germination results after 30 days of incubation, the seed germination of combined treatments was significantly higher than that of PGR treatments. However, the seeds treated only with moist chilling presented the highest germination percentage among all the treatments.
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Ye, Qing, Zhi Wei Song, and Guo Rong Yu. "Variation of Carbonation Coefficient of Pumping Concrete with Moist-Curing Time at early Ages and Fly-Ash Content." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 899–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.899.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Based on accelerated carbonation test, the variation of carbonation resistance of pumping concrete (C40 grade) with moist-curing time at early ages and fly-ash content was studied. Results indicate that the carbonation coefficient and the accelerated carbonation depth of the concrete increased obviously with a reduction in the moist-curing time at early ages and with an increase in the fly-ash content. For example, in conditions of curing schedules with 28, 7, 3, 2 and 1 d moist-curing at 20 0C with above 95% RH at early ages and then 0, 21, 25, 26 and 27 d air curing at 20 0C with 60% RH, respectively, carbonation coefficients of the concrete incorporated with 30% fly-ash were 2.04, 2.49, 3.16, 3.86 and 5.42 mm/a0.5 respectively, and thus it can be seen that the calculated times when concrete cover (25 mm) was completely carbonated naturally in now atmosphere (0.04% CO2) were 164, 104, 66, 44 and 21 years respectively. The results suggest that for the carbonation resistance of the C40 concrete incorporated with up to 30% fly-ash, the moist-curing time of 7 days at early ages should be necessary.
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Woods, Cian, and Rodrigo Caballero. "The Role of Moist Intrusions in Winter Arctic Warming and Sea Ice Decline." Journal of Climate 29, no. 12 (June 8, 2016): 4473–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-15-0773.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper examines the trajectories followed by intense intrusions of moist air into the Arctic polar region during autumn and winter and their impact on local temperature and sea ice concentration. It is found that the vertical structure of the warming associated with moist intrusions is bottom amplified, corresponding to a transition of local conditions from a “cold clear” state with a strong inversion to a “warm opaque” state with a weaker inversion. In the marginal sea ice zone of the Barents Sea, the passage of an intrusion also causes a retreat of the ice margin, which persists for many days after the intrusion has passed. The authors find that there is a positive trend in the number of intrusion events crossing 70°N during December and January that can explain roughly 45% of the surface air temperature and 30% of the sea ice concentration trends observed in the Barents Sea during the past two decades.
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Piedrahita, Christina T., Jennifer L. Cadnum, Annette L. Jencson, Aaron A. Shaikh, Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, and Curtis J. Donskey. "Environmental Surfaces in Healthcare Facilities are a Potential Source for Transmission ofCandida aurisand OtherCandidaSpecies." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 38, no. 9 (July 11, 2017): 1107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2017.127.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Contaminated surfaces have been implicated as a potential route for dissemination of the emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogenCandida auris. In laboratory testing,C. aurisand otherCandidaspecies persisted for 7 days on moist or dry surfaces.Candidaspecies were recovered frequently from the hospital environment, particularly from moist surfaces.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1107–1109
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Chrisler, Brett, and Justin P. Stachnik. "The Moist Entropy Budget of Terminating Madden–Julian Oscillation Events." Journal of Climate 34, no. 11 (June 2021): 4243–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-20-0064.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRecent studies have examined moist entropy (ME) as a proxy for moist static energy (MSE) and the relative role of the underlying processes responsible for changes in ME that potentially affect MJO propagation. This study presents an analysis of the intraseasonally varying (ISV) ME anomalies throughout the lifetime of observed MJO events. A climatology of continuing and terminating MJO events is created from an event identification algorithm using common tracking indices including the OLR-based MJO index (OMI), filtered OMI (FMO), real-time multivariate MJO (RMM), and velocity potential MJO (VPM) index. ME composites for all indices show a statistically significant break in the wavenumber-1 oscillation at day 0 for terminating events in nearly all domains except RMM phase 6 and phase 7. The ME tendency is decomposed into horizontal and vertical advection, sensible and latent heat fluxes, and shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes using ERA-Interim data. The relative role of each processes toward the eastward propagation is discussed as well as their effects on MJO stabilization. Statistically significant differences occur for all terms by day −10. A domain sensitivity test is performed where eastward propagation is favored for vertical advection given a larger, asymmetric domain for continuing events. A reduced eastward propagation from vertical advection is evident 2–3 days before similar differences in horizontal advection for terminating events. The importance of horizontal advection for the eastward propagation of the MJO is discussed in addition to the relative destabilization from vertical advection in the convectively suppressed region downstream of future terminating MJOs.
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Orr, K. A., and G. R. Knudsen. "Use of Green Fluorescent Protein and Image Analysis to Quantify Proliferation of Trichoderma harzianum in Nonsterile Soil." Phytopathology® 94, no. 12 (December 2004): 1383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.12.1383.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One drawback of traditional methods for fungal biomass measurement is the inability to distinguish biomass of an introduced fungus from that of the indigenous microbial community in nonsterile soil. We quantified biomass of a specific fungal biological control agent in nonsterile soil using epifluorescence microscopy and image analysis of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing Trichoderma harzianum (ThzID1-M3). Numbers of colony forming units on a semiselective medium were compared with biomass estimates from image analysis, after ThzID1-M3 was incubated in soil that either remained moist (-0.05 MPa) for 14 to 21 days or remained moist for approximately 5 days and then was allowed to dry to <-3.0 MPa. Recovery of significant numbers of ThzID1-M3 propagules lagged approximately 3 days behind initiation of hyphal growth. Reductions in both colony counts and biomass were observed over time when soil was allowed to dry. However, in soil that remained moist, colony counts increased over a 14- to 21-day period even though biomass declined after approximately 3 to 5 days. Our results confirm that use of GFP, along with epifluorescence microscopy, is a useful tool to distinguish active hyphal biomass, the form of the fungus that is functional for biological control, from inactive propagules such as conidia or chlamydospores that are enumerated by plate counts.
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Quitugua, R. J., and E. E. Trujillo. "Survival of Phytophthora colocasiae in Field Soil at Various Temperatures and Water Matric Potentials." Plant Disease 82, no. 2 (February 1998): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1998.82.2.203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A large number of the zoosporangia of Phytophthora colocasiae incorporated into moist soils germinated by zoospore discharge, and/or lysed in the soil during the first 5 days of incubation, decreasing the initial number of colony-forming units from 1 × 104 to 1 × 102 per g of soil in all treatments. Eighteen days after incorporation, the viable zoosporangia present in moist soils had thickened their cell walls and germinated only directly, often producing smaller zoosporangia. A few thick-walled chlamydospores were observed, and they germinated only directly. Zoosporangia in soils at -1,500 J/kg matric potential survived longer than 107 days, and the amount of viable Zoosporangia present at that time was approximately 0.1 × 102 CFU/g of soil. Apparently the great majority of the thin-walled zoosporangia produced on V8 agar, when incorporated into moist soil, germinated indirectly in the first 5 days of incubation. Zoosporangia that did not germinate became resting zoosporangia by increasing their wall thickness or by producing chlamydospores. These enabled the pathogen to survive in soil at -1,500 J/kg matric potential for more than 3 months. However, in the absence of the host, the pathogen is predicted to survive less than 1 year due to its lack of saprophytic ability to colonize nonhost tissues.
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Roma, Naglaa Zaki Hassan, Rasha Mohamed Essa, Zohour Ibrahim Rashwan, and Afaf Hassan Ahmed. "Effect of Dry Heat Application on Perineal Pain and Episiotomy Wound Healing among Primipara Women." Obstetrics and Gynecology International 2023 (January 4, 2023): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/9572354.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Women who undergo perineal episiotomy can be affected by several complications such as bleeding, infection, perineal pain, dyspareunia, reduction of sexual desire, as well as urinary and anal incontinence. Perineal pain related to episiotomy has been reported to interfere with women’s daily activities postpartum and can prevent proper breastfeeding, proper rooming-in, and maternal-infant bonding. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dry heat application on perineal pain and episiotomy wound Healing among primipara women. Method. A quasi-experimental, two-group, pre-post-test research study was conducted at the postnatal inpatient ward and the outpatient clinic of the El-Shatby Maternity University Hospital in Alexandria. A sample of 100 parturient women was divided into the following two groups at random: dry heat and moist (control) heat. Women in the moist heat group were advised to sit in a basin (tub) of warm water for 10 minutes, while those in the dry heat group were instructed to set an infrared light (230 volts) at a distance of 45 cm from the perineum after 12 hours post episiotomy. Both interventions were applied twice a day for ten consecutive days. They evaluated the severity of their perineal pain at baseline and repeated it on the 5th and 10th days after obtaining the interventions while the episiotomy wound healing was assessed on the 5th and 10th days. Results. It was discovered that the dry heat group had a significantly improved episiotomy wound healing as regards perineal redness, edema of the perineal area, ecchymosis, wound discharge, and approximation of wound edges on the 5th ( P < 0.001 , P < 0.001 , P < 0.007 , P < 0.003 , and P < 0.001 , respectively) and 10th day after intervention ( P < 0.001 , P < 0.001 , P < 0.001 , P < 0.005 , and P < 0.001 , respectively) than the moist heat group. The primipara women had significantly lower perineal pain intensity in the dry heat group on the 5th and 10th days after intervention than in the moist heat group (MH P < 0.001 for the dry heat group and MH P = 0.004 for the moist heat group). Conclusion. The application of dry heat promoted episiotomy wound healing among primipara women and reduced their perineal pain during early postpartum days than moist heat.
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Pill, Wallace G., John J. Frett, and Ian H. Williams. "Matric Priming of Kentucky Bluegrass and Tall Fescue Seeds Benefits Seedling Emergence." HortScience 32, no. 6 (October 1997): 1061–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.6.1061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Matrically priming seeds of common Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and `SR8300' tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) in fine, exfoliated vermiculite (-1.5 MPa, 20 °C, 4 days) increased subsequent germination rate but did not increase germination percentage or synchrony. The lowest seed: vermiculite ratio (dry weight basis) to provide full priming benefit for seeds of Kentucky bluegrass and tall fescue was 1:10 and 1:20, respectively. Storing Kentucky bluegrass seeds primed in 1:10 (seed:vermiculite) in moist vermiculite for 10 days at either 5 or 20 °C did not reduce germination rate in comparison to primed seeds that were not stored. Primed tall fescue seeds could be stored in moist vermiculite (1:20, seed:vermiculite) for up to 10 days at 5 °C with no loss of priming benefit, but storage for only 2 days at 20 °C resulted in germination. Primed seeds of Kentucky bluegrass (stored for 0 or 10 days at 5 or 20 °C) or tall fescue (stored 0 or 10 days at 5 °C or 2 days at 20 °C) resulted in more rapid germination and seedling emergence, and greater seedling shoot fresh and dry masses than was the case for nonprimed seeds.
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Sharma, Jyotsna, and William R. Graves. "Propagation of Rhamnus alnifolia and Rhamnus lanceolata by Seeds and Cuttings." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-23.2.86.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Rhamnus alnifolia L'Her (Alderleaf Buckthorn) and Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh ssp. lanceolata (Lanceleaf Buckthorn) are native shrubs that are uncommon in the wild. Seed germination of both species and vegetative propagation of R. alnifolia was studied. Germination was low (≤ 13%) among moist-prechilled seeds of R. alnifolia collected in mid-season, but 48% germination was observed among seeds collected late in summer and moist-prechilled for 30 days. Nontreated seeds did not germinate, nor did seeds first scarified with sulfuric acid or hot water followed by moist-prechilling. Germination was ≤ 5% among seeds of R. lanceolata and occurred only after seeds were moist-prechilled for at least 90 days. Seedling survival among both species ranged from 90 to 100% and was not influenced by pregermination treatment. Rooting among softwood cuttings of R. alnifolia was 85% within 35 days after application of 3 g/kg (3000 ppm) or 8 g/kg (8000 ppm) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) in talc. When IBA was applied in acetone solution at 3 and 8 g/liter (3000 and 8000 ppm), rooting was ≤ 15%. While 75% of the nontreated cuttings rooted, these cuttings had fewer roots than those treated with IBA. Rooting was more extensive in vermiculite compared to a medium of equal volumes of vermiculite and perlite. Talc-based IBA and vermiculite should be used to induce root formation on softwood stem cuttings of R. alnifolia. Both R. lanceolata and R. alnifolia can be propagated from moist-prechilled seeds, but Rhamnus lanceolata is recalcitrant and merits further assessment of drupe phenology, timing of seed collection, and barriers to germination.
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Hameed, Ali. "THE EFFECT OF CURING CONDITION ON COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH IN HIGH STRENGTH CONCRETE." Diyala Journal of Engineering Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 1, 2009): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24237/djes.2009.01103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper shows the effect of curing condition on compressive strength in high strength concrete in three cases (Group A(moist curing in water for 7 days followed by air curing ) ,Group B(curing until the age test in water) and Group C(curing at high temperature 60ºC±2ºC for six days ) and two types of specimen of cubes (150 x150 and 100 x 100) used in the test age (7,28and 90 day) respectively in four mix proportion (Mix No.1(40 Mpa ,Mix No. 2(fcu 60 Mpa) ,Mix No. 3 (fcu 70 Mpa) and Mix No. 4 (fcu 80 Mpa) ). Results demonstrate that, in general, concrete specimens moist cured until testing ages (Group B) give compressive strength greater than specimens moist cured for 7 days in water then followed by air – drying (Group A). The percentage of increase in strength is (5 and12%) for mix No.3 and 6% for mix No.4, as compared with 3% for mix No.1 and (2 and4%) for mix No.2. When the curing temperature (group C ) increases, the compressive strength increases at different ratios ,the percentage of increase in compressive strength at 7,28 and 90 days for mix No.1 , mixes No.2 and 3 are (20,15 and 14% ), ( 7,11 and 5% ) and (13,12 and 5% ) respectively, while mix No4. shows an increase of 4 and 10% in compressive strength at 7 and 28 days where there is a reduction in the strength at 90 days by about 2%. Generally, as the size of specimen decreases, the effect of temperature curing (group C)on the compressive strength increases.
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Fonseca-Rodríguez, Osvaldo, Erling Häggström Lundevaller, Scott C. Sheridan, and Barbara Schumann. "Association between Weather Types based on the Spatial Synoptic Classification and All-Cause Mortality in Sweden, 1991–2014." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 10 (May 14, 2019): 1696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101696.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Much is known about the adverse health impact of high and low temperatures. The Spatial Synoptic Classification is a useful tool for assessing weather effects on health because it considers the combined effect of meteorological factors rather than temperature only. The aim of this study was to assess the association between oppressive weather types and daily total mortality in Sweden. Time-series Poisson regression with distributed lags was used to assess the relationship between oppressive weather (Dry Polar, Dry Tropical, Moist Polar, and Moist Tropical) and daily deaths over 14 days in the extended summer (May to September), and 28 days during the extended winter (November to March), from 1991 to 2014. Days not classified as oppressive weather served as the reference category. We computed relative risks with 95% confidence intervals, adjusting for trends and seasonality. Results of the southern (Skåne and Stockholm) and northern (Jämtland and Västerbotten) locations were pooled using meta-analysis for regional-level estimates. Analyses were performed using the dlnm and mvmeta packages in R. During summer, in the South, the Moist Tropical and Dry Tropical weather types increased the mortality at lag 0 through lag 3 and lag 6, respectively. Moist Polar weather was associated with mortality at longer lags. In the North, Dry Tropical weather increased the mortality at shorter lags. During winter, in the South, Dry Polar and Moist Polar weather increased mortality from lag 6 to lag 10 and from lag 19 to lag 26, respectively. No effect of oppressive weather was found in the North. The effect of oppressive weather types in Sweden varies across seasons and regions. In the North, a small study sample reduces precision of estimates, while in the South, the effect of oppressive weather types is more evident in both seasons.
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Geneve, Robert L., Sharon T. Kester, Kirk W. Pomper, Jonathan N. Egilla, Cynthia L. H. Finneseth, Sheri B. Crabtree, and Desmond R. Layne. "Propagation of Pawpaw—A Review." HortTechnology 13, no. 3 (January 2003): 428–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.3.0428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is an under-exploited small tree with commercial potential as a fruit crop, ornamental tree, and source of secondary products with insecticidal and medicinal properties. It is most often propagated from seeds that are recalcitrant and must be stored moist at a chilling temperature. Seeds display combinational (morphophysiological) dormancy. Endogenous, physiological dormancy is broken by about 100 days of chilling stratification followed by a period of warm moist conditions where the small embryo develops prior to seedling emergence about 45 days after the warm period begins. Pawpaw cultivars with superior fruit characteristics are propagated by grafting onto seedling understocks. The most common practice is chip budding. Other methods of clonal propagation have proven problematic. Pawpaw can be propagated from cuttings, but only in very young seedling stock plants. Micropropagation from mature sources is not yet possible, but shoot proliferation has been accomplished from seedling explants and explants rejuvenated by induction of shoots from root cuttings of mature plants. However, rooting of microcuttings and subsequent acclimatization has not been successful.
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Aldoori, Qutaiba, Aasem Albyti, and Muthanna Hussein. "Application of Polyethylene Cling Film to Underpin Moist Burn Wound Therapy." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 3, no. 2 (October 17, 2020): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/jps.03.02.p21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Dermal burns (partial thickness burns) are the most painful trauma with two types of pain background pain with additional procedural pain, one of the best tolerable mode of treatment that commonly used now adays is treatment with MEBT ointments to maintain the moist and warm wound environment suitable for regeneration of epidermal cells, and to reduces pain. Moist wound dressings retain moisture, heat, body fluids, and biofilm with medication. The assumption is that the polyethylene film will maintain the ointment and its effect more than to be used merely. Patients and methods Prospective study to evaluate treatment of patients with partial thickness burns conservatively with MEBT ointment as a control group and MEBT ointment + Cling Film, 63 patients being admitted to the burn center at Azadi teaching hospital during a period of one year starting from June 2018 till June 2019. The inclusion criteria including all patients between 10-95% partial thickness burns of various age, sex and skin types. Results Very much decrease in procedural and background pain, better joint movement in physiotherapy decrease in crust formation, increase maceration of eschar, better cost- effectiveness, less days of hospital stay. Aim; in Iraq circumstances we have to use the most cost effective measures to reach our goals in managing the burn wounds the moist trend which is now being proved it gives better healing with less pain, with best criteria of wound dressing . Conclusion Easily applicable, less painful, non-coasty over all, better condition of patient during course of management, reduced length of hospital stay and lower treatment costs, appropriate wound healing with living tissue , less joint stiffness problems
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Abdullah Aldoori, Qutaiba, Aasem Mohamed Albyti, and Muthanna Mustafa Hussein. "Application of Polyethylene Cling Film to Underpin Moist Burn Wound Therapy." Al-Kitab Journal for Pure Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2022): 229–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjps.03.02.p21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background
Dermal burns (partial thickness burns) are the most painful trauma with two types of pain background pain with additional procedural pain, one of the best tolerable mode of treatment that commonly used now adays is treatment with MEBT ointments to maintain the moist and warm wound environment suitable for regeneration of epidermal cells, and to reduces pain. Moist wound dressings retain moisture, heat, body fluids, and biofilm with medication. The assumption is that the polyethylene film will maintain the ointment and its effect more than to be used merely. Patients and methods Prospective study to evaluate treatment of patients with partial thickness burns conservatively with MEBT ointment as a control group and MEBT ointment + Cling Film, 63 patients being admitted to the burn center at Azadi teaching hospital during a period of one year starting from June 2018 till June 2019. The inclusion criteria including all patients between 10-95% partial thickness burns of various age, sex and skin types.
Results
Very much decrease in procedural and background pain, better joint movement in physiotherapy decrease in crust formation, increase maceration of eschar, better cost- effectiveness, less days of hospital stay.
Aim
in Iraq circumstances we have to use the most cost effective measures to reach our goals in managing the burn wounds the moist trend which is now being proved it gives better healing with less pain, with best criteria of wound dressing .
Conclusion
Easily applicable, less painful, non-coasty over all, better condition of patient during course of management, reduced length of hospital stay and lower treatment costs, appropriate wound healing with living tissue , less joint stiffness problems.
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Wilson, CE, and N. Thurling. "Effect of sowing depth and water potential on seedling emergence of Lupinus species." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 4 (1996): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960463.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Large differences in responses of germination and seedling emergence to water potential and sowing depth were detected among Lupinus species varying substantially in seed size. Seeds of 7 species (L. pilosus, L. atlanticus, L. albus, L. cosentinii, L. luteus, L. angustifolius and L. hispanicus) germinated rapidly in moist sand (-0.05 MPa). Germination of all these species was reduced when seeds were raised in sand in which water potential was increased from -1.0 to -0.5 MPa at 4 days after sowing, and then to -0.2 MPa at 18 days after sowing. Percentage germination after 20 days was much higher in small-seeded species (L. hispanicus, L. angustifolius, L. luteus) than in large-seeded species (L. albus, L. atlarzticus, L. pilosus). Germination responses were related to rate of water uptake by seeds from sand at 0.5 MPa. Seedling emergence of pre-germinated seeds sown at different depths in moist (-0.05 MPa) and dry (-0.3 MPa) sand varied greatly among 6 species. An increase in sowing depth from 4 to 8 cm retarded seedling emergence to a greater extent than a decrease in water in L. piosus, L. luteus, L. cosentinii and L. atlanticus. L. angustifolius seedling emergence was less affected by variation in sowing depth and water potential than other species, although a decrease in water potential had a relatively large effect on seedling emergence from 4 cm. A decrease in water potential also decreased seedling emergence of L. albus more than deeper sowing. Seedling emergence responses of 4 species (L. angustifolius, L. luteus, L. albus, L. atlanticus) were compared in an experiment where dry seeds were sown in dry sand (-0.3 MPa) at different distances above a moist sand (-0.05 MPa) zone in specially constructed trays. Small-seeded species (L. angustifolius and L. luteus) emerged most rapidly from the shallowest sowing (3 cm below the surface, 9 cm above the moist zone), whereas the large-seeded species L. albus and L. atlanticus emerged most rapidly from sowings at intermediate depths (6 and 9 cm). L. albus and L. angustifolius seedlings emerged far more rapidly when sown on the surface of the moist sand (12 cm) than did L. luteus and L. atlanticus, and were far more tolerant of variation in sowing depth. The implications of these findings are discussed with particular reference to improving lupin crop establishment following early dry sowing in the West Australian wheatbelt.
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Alshehabat, Musa, Wael Hananeh, Zuhair Bani Ismail, Safwan Abu Rmilah, and Mahmoud Abu Abeeleh. "Wound healing in immunocompromised dogs: A comparison between the healing effects of moist exposed burn ointment and honey." Veterinary World 13, no. 12 (2020): 2793–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.2793-2797.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background and Aim: Natural topical products have been used to enhance wound healing, especially in immunocompromised animals. The aims of this study were to evaluate and to compare the effects of moist exposed burn ointment (MEBO) and honey on the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in immunocompromised dogs. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted using 12 adults, apparently healthy mongrel dogs. Immunosuppression was induced in six dogs by oral administration of prednisone (2 mg/kg) and azathioprine (2 mg/kg), once a day for 21 days. On each dog, a total of 9, 1.5 cm in diameter full-thickness skin circular wounds were created aseptically in the thoracolumbar area under general anesthesia using customized skin punch biopsy kit. In a random fashion, three wounds in each dog were treatment using MEBO (contains b-sitosterol, baicalin, and berberine as active ingredients in a base of beeswax and sesame oil), honey or no treatment (control), once per day for 21 days. Wounds were grossly evaluated once a day for signs of inflammation or infection. In addition, biopsy specimens and digital imaging data of each wound were obtained on days 7, 14, and 21 for histopathological evaluation of the healing process. Results: Wounds in immunocompromised dogs appeared to heal significantly in a slower fashion than in non-immunocompromised counterparts. Digital analysis data showed that MEBO-treated wounds expressed better epithelialization area, faster contraction, and smaller wound area percentage when compared with honey-treated wounds. Histopathological analysis showed significantly higher angiogenesis scores in MEBO-treated wounds when compared with other treatments. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that MEBO resulted in significant enhancement of wound healing in both healthy and immunocompromised dogs. However, when compared to honey, the wound healing effect of MEBO was superior to that of honey.
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BRUECKNER, BERNHARD, and SILKE RUPPEL. "Microbial Status of White Asparagus Spears during Storage in Moist Packages." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 9 (August 14, 2019): 1479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-528.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT White asparagus is a high-value commodity of large economic importance in Germany. Its harvest period lasts only a limited part of the year, during which daily yield and also market demand are highly variable. Harvested asparagus is perishable; thus, quality control and shelf life must be ensured by proper handling, e.g., avoiding fresh weight losses and, at the same time, limiting microbial growth. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of moist asparagus packaging on unpeeled white asparagus (cv. Gijnlim). Water was added to some of the packages to reduce fresh weight losses and to study the consequences for microbial growth. Polythene bag packaging, lined inside with cellulose fleece, was used to hold 500-g bunches of spears, covered partly (open bag) or totally (closed bag). Storage duration was 7 days, at temperatures of 2°C, 8°C, and a combination of 2 and 22°C, simulating retail conditions. Using a standardized cultivation method for food assessment, CFU counts (5.20 to 7.95 log CFU), number of pseudomonads (4.79 to 7.90 log CFU), lactic acid bacteria (<3.00 to 3.94 log CFU), Enterobacteriaceae (4.26 to 7.15 log CFU, including Escherichia coli <1.00 log CFU), yeasts (<2.30 to 3.15 to 3.53 log CFU), and molds (<2.30 log CFU), as well as sulfite-reducing clostridia (<1 log CFU) were determined. Temperature was the most important factor for microbial growth. Additional water had no effect in most cases; it inhibited most of the fresh weight losses compared to dry treatments in this study but led to 2% weight increase in closed bags. Our results point to the conclusion that moist packaging would be a feasible alternative to dry wrapping with regard to weight retention, and it did not increase growth of the analyzed microbial groups to an unacceptable value.
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Yuan, Tao, Qiuying Wei, and Gary Bauchan. "Germination of Pulsatilla Seeds as Influenced by Seed Morphology, Moist 5 °C and Gibberellin (GA3) Treatment, and Detection of Nickel in Seeds." HortScience 54, no. 11 (November 2019): 2015–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci14056-19.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seeds of Pulsatilla turczaninovii were categorized to full and empty seeds based on observations under a light microscope and on X-ray images. A germination test for full or empty seeds was evaluated as affected by the duration of gibberellin GA3 and the moist 5 °C cold stratification (CS) treatment. The morphological and elemental components of P. turczaninovii and P. cernua var. koreana seeds were analyzed using low-temperature scanning electron microscopy (LT-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray diffraction analysis. The results showed that 64% of full and semifull P. turczaninovii seeds 10 weeks after harvesting germinated in 17 to 19 days; however, the germination rate, including empty and semiempty seeds, was lower (52.6%). Full seeds with damaged or dried vegetative organs (embryo or endosperm) and semifull seeds with severely damaged vegetative organs were observed, and this result could be related to low germination rates. Germination patterns of seeds stored dry at 5 °C for 44 weeks that showed a sigmoid pattern were increased by immersing seeds in a GA3 solution for 8 hours and treating seeds with 16 or 32 days of CS. More seeds germinated between 12 and 17 days (as compared with 17 to 29 days), especially when they were treated with GA3 and received 32 days of CS. Comparison of germination rates of visually full seeds upon harvest (52.6%) with those that had been stored dry for 44 weeks (26.3% to 29.7%) suggested that the viability of seeds may have decreased. Dormancy could be a factor that decreased germination and can be removed by low temperature and GA3 treatment. LT-SEM revealed a valley-like, sunken streak in empty seeds of P. cernua var. koreana. The nickel content in the trichome and seedcoat of full and empty seeds of both taxa ranged from 2.98 to 4.62 (weight %), as determined on X-ray images. Our study suggested that the low germination rate was due to either the presence of dormancy, damage to either embryo or endosperm, a loss in viability, or the presence of nickel in the seeds.
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AGNIHOTRI, CL. "Inference of the moisture field over Arabian Sea during the monsoon of 1984 using I NSAT-IB sea surface temperature data." MAUSAM 37, no. 4 (April 7, 2022): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v37i4.2590.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this study moisture incursion in the Arabian Sea has been monitored during the onset, active and withdrawal phase of the summer monsoon (May-Sept 1984) using sea surface temperature anomalies This study shows that tongue of moist air reached south. Peninsula about 20 days ahead of the normal onset of monsoon and continued to be ahead by 12-14 day even after Its setting. During the withdrawal phase it has been observed that moist air starts with drawing from north Arabian Sea by third week of September replaced by dry continental air mass which continued to move southward pushing further south the moist air and the monsoon.
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de Azerêdo, Aline Figueirêdo Nóbrega, Givanildo Azeredo, and Arnaldo Manoel Pereira Carneiro. "Performance of Lime-Metakaolin Pastes and Mortars in Two Curing Conditions Containing Kaolin Wastes." Key Engineering Materials 668 (October 2015): 419–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.668.419.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many works have shown that metakaolin is very good pozzolanic material for using in lime mortars and Portland cement mortars. Alternatively, many studies also have shown that kaolin wastes, after some treatment, can become a high quality pozzolans. Most of these studies have discussed about the microstructural characteristics and hardened properties of pastes, mortars or concretes mixes containing metakaolin or kaolin wastes cured in moist environment. In this work pastes and mortars made of metakaolin and hydrated lime (L-MK), which the metakaolin was obtained from the kaolin production waste, were assessed in their hardened state. Two curing conditions were considered: dry and moist environment; and three ages of curing (28, 90 and 180 days) were studied. Pastes were assessed by XRD and TG/DTG. In pastes according to the XRD and TG/DTG results, the main hydrated products found were strätlingite, in moist curing, and monocarboaluminate, in dry curing. Properties like flexural and compressive strengths, water absorbed capillarity and loss mass variation were studied in mortars. The results showed that mortars in dry curing presented lower strengths than one in moist curing. In moist curing mortars presented compressive strength values around 12 MPa and in dry curing this value reached 6 MPa. This fact indicate that the strätlingite maybe is responsible for the high strengths in mortars in moist curing when compares with the strengths of mortars cured in dry environment. Further the results showed that mortars in dry curing presented higher water absorbed and mass loss variation than mortars in moist curing.
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Shishkoff, Nina. "Propagule Production by Phytophthora ramorum on Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) Leaf Tissue Left on the Surface of Potting Mix in Nursery Pots." Plant Disease 93, no. 5 (May 2009): 475–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-93-5-0475.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lilac leaf tissue infected with Phytophthora ramorum was placed on top of potting mix in pots and exposed to different watering regimes or different temperatures to determine if it could serve as a source of inoculum. If pieces of infected leaf were placed in pots containing healthy lilac plants kept under constantly moist conditions or under twice-a-day trickle irrigation for 1 month, inoculum production from infected tissue declined for the first 4 days but declined significantly less steeply under constantly moist conditions. At the end of the experiment, 28% of plants exposed to moist conditions developed root infections, whereas only 6% exposed to trickle irrigation did. If infected leaf pieces were placed on the surface of potting mix in pots containing lilacs and watered for 5 min one, two, or three times a day, inoculum production in the first 4 days declined but declined significantly more slowly in pots watered three times a day. If 0 to 16 leaf pieces were placed on the surface of potting mix in pots containing healthy lilacs under constantly moist conditions, leaf number significantly influenced the incidence of root infection. The effect of temperature was more difficult to quantify. At 10 or 15°C, propagules included zoospores whereas, at 20 or 25°C, they were predominantly sporangia. These results confirm the importance of detached leaves as inoculum producers under greenhouse conditions.
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Bodea, Ioana M., Florin I. Beteg, Carmen R. Pop, Adriana P. David, Mircea Cristian Dudescu, Cristian Vilău, Andreea Stănilă, Ancuța M. Rotar, and Giorgiana M. Cătunescu. "Optimization of Moist and Oven-Dried Bacterial Cellulose Production for Functional Properties." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer with properties suitable for tissue engineering and possible applications in scaffold production. However, current procedures have limitations in obtaining BC pellicles with the desired structural, physical, and mechanical properties. Thus, this study analyzed the optimal culture conditions of BC membranes and two types of processing: draining and oven-drying. The aim was to obtain BC membranes with properties suitable for a wound dressing material. Two studies were carried out. In the preliminary study, the medium (100 mL) was inoculated with varying volumes (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mL) and incubated statically for different periods (3, 6, 9, 12, and 18 days), using a full factorial experimental design. Thickness, uniformity, weight, and yield were evaluated. In the optimization study, a Box–Behnken design was used. Two independent variables were used: inoculum volume (X1: 1, 3, and 5 mL) and fermentation period (X2: 6, 12, and 18 d) to determine the target response variables: thickness, swelling ratio, drug release, fiber diameter, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus for both dry and moist BC membranes. The mathematical modelling of the effect of the two independent variables was performed by response surface methodology (RSM). The obtained models were validated with new experimental values and confirmed for all tested properties, except Young’s modulus of oven-dried BC. Thus, the optimal properties in terms of a scaffold material of the moist BC were obtained with an inoculum volume of 5% (v/v) and 16 d of fermentation. While, for the oven-dried membranes, optimal properties were obtained with a 4% (v/v) and 14 d of fermentation.
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Fourie, Paul, Tian Schutte, Suzel Serfontein, and Fanus Swart. "Modeling the Effect of Temperature and Wetness on Guignardia Pseudothecium Maturation and Ascospore Release in Citrus Orchards." Phytopathology® 103, no. 3 (March 2013): 281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-11-0194.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ascospores are the most important inoculum source of citrus black spot (CBS), caused by Guignardia citricarpa, but pseudothecium maturation and ascospore release are inadequately studied. Guignardia ascospore trapping and concomitant weather data were obtained for three localities over three seasons (July to March 2006 to 2009) in the Limpopo province of South Africa. Degree-days accumulated until first seasonal ascospore discharge (>10°C with 1 July as biofix) (DDtemp), and DDtemp accumulated on rainy (rainfall >0.1 mm) (DDrain) and moist days (vapor pressure deficit <5 hPa) (DDvpd) were used in two Gompertz models to predict onset of ascospore release: a temperature model [Event = exp(–exp(–(–2.725 + 0.004 × DDtemp)))] and a temperature/moisture model [Event = exp(–exp(– (–3.238 + 0.008 × DDvpd + 0.004 × DDtemp – 0.009 × DDrain)))] (R2 = 0.608 and 0.658, respectively). Both models predicted a delay in pseudothecium maturation in climates with colder winters and springs. A Gompertz equation was also used to predict the proportion of Guignardia ascospores trapped (PAT) per season from DDtemp data accumulated on wet or moist days (DDwet2) from the first seasonal ascospore discharge [PAT = exp(–4.096 × exp(–0.005 × DDwet2); R2 = 0.908]. The PAT model predicted lag phases and 7-day peaks in ascospore release patterns with reasonable accuracy. These models can be used to predict the onset and dynamics of ascospore release in climatically diverse regions.
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Meyer, Martin M. "Rest and Postdormancy of Seeds of Cotoneaster species." HortScience 23, no. 6 (December 1988): 1046–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.23.6.1046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Seeds of C. apiculatus and C. divaricatus were treated with concentrated H2SO4, washed, and stored in moist vermiculite at 2°C (stratified) for 0, 30, 58, 87, and 116 days. These seeds were then tested for germination at 4.5, 10.0, 15.5, 21.0, and 26.5°. The percentage of seed that germinated was influenced by an interaction of duration of stratification and germination temperature. Seeds of these species germinated at a widening range of temperatures as length of moist chilling increased and thus, demonstrated the postdormant phenomenon.
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Panosetti, Davide, Steven Böing, Linda Schlemmer, and Jürg Schmidli. "Idealized Large-Eddy and Convection-Resolving Simulations of Moist Convection over Mountainous Terrain." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 10 (September 21, 2016): 4021–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0341.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract On summertime fair-weather days, thermally driven wind systems play an important role in determining the initiation of convection and the occurrence of localized precipitation episodes over mountainous terrain. This study compares the mechanisms of convection initiation and precipitation development within a thermally driven flow over an idealized double-ridge system in large-eddy (LESs) and convection-resolving (CRM) simulations. First, LES at a horizontal grid spacing of 200 m is employed to analyze the developing circulations and associated clouds and precipitation. Second, CRM simulations at horizontal grid length of 1 km are conducted to evaluate the performance of a kilometer-scale model in reproducing the discussed mechanisms. Mass convergence and a weaker inhibition over the two ridges flanking the valley combine with water vapor advection by upslope winds to initiate deep convection. In the CRM simulations, the spatial distribution of clouds and precipitation is generally well captured. However, if the mountains are high enough to force the thermally driven flow into an elevated mixed layer, the transition to deep convection occurs faster, precipitation is generated earlier, and surface rainfall rates are higher compared to the LES. Vertical turbulent fluxes remain largely unresolved in the CRM simulations and are underestimated by the model, leading to stronger upslope winds and increased horizontal moisture advection toward the mountain summits. The choice of the turbulence scheme and the employment of a shallow convection parameterization in the CRM simulations change the strength of the upslope winds, thereby influencing the simulated timing and intensity of convective precipitation.