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Книги з теми "Modified stage"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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1

Committee, New York (State) Legislature Senate Higher Education. In the matter of a public hearing on genetically modified crops in New York State: Before the New York State Senate Standing Committee on Higher Education and Standing Committee on Consumer Protection. [Clifton Park, N.Y.]: Candyco Transcription Service, 2000.

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2

International Food Policy Research Institute, ed. The politics of precaution: Genetically modified crops in developing countries. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2001.

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3

Legislation, California Legislature Senate Select Committee on International Trade Policy and State. Informational hearing, Senate Select Committee on International Trade Policy and State Legislation: Biotechnology, international trade policy, and the risks to California legislative power : transcript of hearing. Sacramento, CA: Senate Publications, 2003.

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4

Ellis, Stephen Paul. The development of a modified Z-blade mixer as a novel solid state fermenter. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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5

Universidad Autónoma Agraria "Antonio Narro"., ed. La globalización en la agricultura: Las negociaciones internacionales en torno al germoplasma agrícola. México, D.F: Universidad Autónoma Agraria Antonio Narro, 2002.

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6

New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Agriculture. Joint public hearing, should New York State regulate genetically-modified organisms (GMOs) and foods produced from these GMOs. Mineola, NY: En-De Reporting Services, 2000.

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7

Food solidarity: French farmers and the fight against industrial agriculture and genetically modified crops. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013.

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8

Virginia. State Board of Education. Virginia state plan for vocational education: Three-year program plan, FY 1986-88, as modified March, 1986. Richmond, Va: State Board of Vocational Education, 1985.

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9

Joseph, Murphy. Governing the transatlantic conflict over agricultural biotechnology: Contending coalitions, trade liberalisation and standard setting. London: Routledge, 2006.

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10

Voelker, David C. Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-465-158-4458 crossing State Ditch in Marion County, Indiana. Indianapolis, Ind: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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11

Voelker, David C. Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-465-158-4458 crossing State Ditch in Marion County, Indiana. Indianapolis, Ind: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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12

Office, General Accounting. Highway infrastructure: FHWA's model for estimating highway needs has been modified for state-level planning : report to Congressional Committees. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): The Office, 2001.

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13

Popejoy, Debora. Information for applying the state ambient air quality standards for PM10 to the permitting of new and modified stationary sources. [Sacramento, Calif.]: State of California, Air Resources Board, Stationary Source Division, 1987.

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14

Virginia. Dept. of State Police. Report of the Department of State Police on the safety inspection of street rods, restored and modified motor vehicles: To the Governor and the General Assembly of Virginia. Richmond: Commonwealth of Virginia, 1995.

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15

Governing agrobiodiversity: Plant genetics and developing countries. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Pub. Company, 2008.

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16

Lovell, Charles C. State of Montana ex rel. Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Plaintiff, v. Burlington Northern, Inc., Burlington Northern Railroad Company, and Glacier Park Company, Defendants: Modified partial consent decree, order and judgement. [S.l: s.n., 1989.

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17

New Jersey. Legislature. General Assembly. Independent and Regional Authorities Committee. Public meeting before Assembly Independent and Regional Authorities Committee and Assembly Transportation, Communications, and High Technology Committee: Testimony on the modified plans for the proposed widening of the New Jersey Turnpike : September 22, 1986, room 403, State House Annex, Trenton, New Jersey. Trenton, N.J: Assembly Independent and Regional Authorities Committee, 1986.

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18

Cook, Christopher D. Diet for a dead planet: How the food industry is killing us ; [with a new preface by the author]. New York: New Press, 2006.

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19

Sojref, Dalik. Gentechnik in Mittel- und Osteuropa: Analyse der gesetzlichen Regelungen, Forschungsschwerpunkte und Stand der Freisetzungen in ausgewählten Ländern : Kurzfassung des Gutachtens = Gene-technology in Central and Eastern Europe : analysis of the legislation, the main focus of research and the present state of deliberate releases of genetically modified organisms in selected countries. Berlin: Umweltbundesamt, 1997.

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20

Gottlieb, Erin A., and David F. Vener. Single-Ventricle Physiology. Edited by Erin S. Williams, Olutoyin A. Olutoye, Catherine P. Seipel, and Titilopemi A. O. Aina. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190678333.003.0026.

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Pediatric and adult patients with single ventricle physiology may present for elective and emergent procedures, and it is critical for pediatric anesthesiologists to be familiar with the stages of palliation. In addition, basic knowledge of how to manage each stage perioperatively is required to avoid morbidity and mortality. This chapter describes the anatomy and physiology of and ventilation and oxygenation strategies for each stage of single ventricle palliation. It also discusses the risks associated with anesthetizing the single-ventricle patient with a modified Blalock-Taussig shunt, the rationale for performing elective noncardiac surgery during the Glenn stage of the single ventricle pathway, and the effects of positive pressure ventilation on the patient with Fontan physiology. A perioperative plan for caring for single-ventricle patients undergoing noncardiac procedures is also covered.

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21

Kobayashi, Bruce. Economics of Litigation. Edited by Francesco Parisi. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684250.013.006.

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This chapter examines the basic model of the law and economics of litigation, focusing on private civil litigation, in particular the litigation value of a lawsuit and the incentives for filing a suit. It begins with the one-stage single plaintiff/single defendant investment model of litigation, and describes the conditions for filing, default, settlement, and litigation. It examines the effects of litigation cost- and fee-shifting and the effects of percentage contingency fee arrangements within the standard one-stage model. The model is modified to take into account sequencing and option value. It is shown how litigation with multiple stages and the revelation of information alter the investment value of litigation, and the effects of litigation reform proposals such as fee-shifting. The chapter discusses third party or external effects and how these complications affect the outcome of litigation, the viability of a lawsuit, and the predictions of the standard model of litigation.

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22

Bloom, Gina. Games. Edited by Henry S. Turner. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199641352.013.10.

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This chapter examines the historical intersections between theatre and games in order to understand the formal dimensions of spectatorship within the specific institution of the early modern theatre and the dramas staged within it. It considers how early modern card and board games would have trained theatre audiences in the performative conventions of a newly commercialized stage, and how theatricality itself becomes a kind of game whose rules are explored, modified, and constantly reinvented through their performance by actors and the audiences who watched them. It shows that staged parlour games in the playsA Woman Killed with KindnessandArden of Favershamcall upon audiences to participate in theatre in ways that are reminiscent of traditional and rival entertainment forms. It also argues that game scenes in drama do not simply theatricalize the everyday activity of playing games in a tavern or parlour. Rather, they take advantage of the fact that the experiences of gameplay and of theatre-going were commensurate on a number of levels.

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23

ACI Committee 548, Polymers in Concrete. and American Concrete Institute, eds. State-of-the-art report on polymer modified concrete. Detroit, MI: American Concrete Institute, 1995.

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24

Modified Multiple Model Adaptive Estimation (M3AE) for Simultaneous Parameter and State Estimation. Storming Media, 1998.

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25

Kashyap, Dr Nikita, Dr Dharmendra Kumar Singh, Dr Girish Kumar Singh, and Dr Arun Kumar Kashyap, eds. Identification of Diabetic Retinopathy Stages Using Modified DWT and Artificial Neural Network. AkiNik Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/ed.book.1314.

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26

A, Duffield James, ed. Biodiesel development: New markets for conventional and genetically modified agricultural products. Washington, D.C. (1800 M Street, NW Washington 20036-5831): U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 1998.

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27

Towlson, Jon. Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Liverpool University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325079.001.0001.

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For many, Close Encounters of the Third Kind (CE3K) is not so much a movie as a religious experience. On its release in 1977, CE3K virtually redefined the science-fiction film, shifting it away from spaceships, laser guns, and bug-eyed monsters into a modified form of science fiction that John Wyndham once called ‘logical fantasy’. What would it be like if extra-terrestrials made contact with people on Earth? How would it feel? Like 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), Steven Spielberg's primary inspiration, CE3K is concerned with mankind's evolution towards the stars, towards a state of transcendence. But Spielberg's vision hinges not so much on cool scientific intellect being the key to our next stage of evolution, as on the necessary development of emotional intelligence. To that end, we must regain our childlike curiosity for what lies beyond the skies, we must recover our capacity to experience wonder. Intensity of emotion is inherent to the film's meaning, and the aim of this book is to explore this in detail. Along the way, the book delves into the film's production history, explores Spielberg's remarkable cinematic realization of the film (including a comparison study of the three different release versions), and considers in detail how CE3K fits into the Spielberg oeuvre.

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28

L, Nesbitt Melissa, and New York (State). Legislature. Assembly. Standing Committee on Agriculture., eds. Public hearing on should New York State regulate genetically modified organisms (GMO's) and foods produced from these GMO's. [Ithaca?]: Paige Reporting, 2000.

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29

Growing Resistance: Canadian Farmers and the Politics of Genetically Modified Wheat. University of Manitoba Press, 2013.

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30

Shetterly, Caitlin. Modified: GMOs and the threat to our food, our land, our future. 2017.

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31

Joseph, Murphy. Governing the Transatlantic Conflict over Agricultural Biotechnology: Contending Coalitions, Trade Liberalisation and Standard Setting. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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32

Roberts, Patrick. Tropical Forests in Prehistory, History, and Modernity. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198818496.001.0001.

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In popular discourse, tropical forests are synonymous with 'nature' and 'wilderness'; battlegrounds between apparently pristine floral, faunal, and human communities, and the unrelenting industrial and urban powers of the modern world. It is rarely publicly understood that the extent of human adaptation to, and alteration of, tropical forest environments extends across archaeological, historical, and anthropological timescales. This book is the first attempt to bring together evidence for the nature of human interactions with tropical forests on a global scale, from the emergence of hominins in the tropical forests of Africa to modern conservation issues. Following a review of the natural history and variability of tropical forest ecosystems, this book takes a tour of human, and human ancestor, occupation and use of tropical forest environments through time. Far from being pristine, primordial ecosystems, this book illustrates how our species has inhabited and modified tropical forests from the earliest stages of its evolution. While agricultural strategies and vast urban networks emerged in tropical forests long prior to the arrival of European colonial powers and later industrialization, this should not be taken as justification for the massive deforestation and biodiversity threats imposed on tropical forest ecosystems in the 21st century. Rather, such a long-term perspective highlights the ongoing challenges of sustainability faced by forager, agricultural, and urban societies in these environments, setting the stage for more integrated approaches to conservation and policy-making, and the protection of millennia of ecological and cultural heritage bound up in these habitats.

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33

Beech, Matt. Neoliberalism, New Labour, and the Welfare State. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190676681.003.0007.

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This chapter argues that the New Labour governments (1997–2010) were not a political project wholly based on neoliberal assumptions, as the “majority view” in the scholarship asserts. In the area of welfare policy New Labour adopted a modified social democratic approach that can be seen clearly through a variety of data points. The “minority view” posited in this chapter suggests that the governments of Blair and Brown can be seen as a hybrid of neoliberal and social democratic ideas and policies. This is a more accurate explanation of the ideational influence of neoliberalism on the Labour Party in office.

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34

Public hearing on should New York State regulate genetically modified organisms (GMO's) and foods produced from these GMO's. [Ithaca?]: Paige Reporting, 2000.

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35

Pestieau, Pierre, and Mathieu Lefebvre. Welfare State and Economic Efficiency. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198817055.003.0007.

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The main purpose of this chapter is to tackle the issue of whether or not the welfare state is responsible for the decline in economic performance. At the micro level, social protection brings distortion in the choices of contributors and of beneficiaries. Yet, the empirical evidence indicates that the cost of these distortions is rather limited. At the macro level, one cannot infer much from a negative relation between the social burden and GDP growth. Given that, we reach three conclusions. First, the welfare state is likely to have modified the preferences of individuals. Second, the decline in economic growth and pressured public finance calls for its partial retrenchment. Finally, most of the work on the effect of the welfare state on growth and employment deals with a relatively short and recent period. A longer run view might be useful.

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36

Scoones, Ian. Agricultural Futures. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.031.

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Global assessments have become central to international debates on a range of key policy issues. They attempt to combine “expert assessment” with processes of “stakeholder consultation” in what are presented as global, participatory assessments on key issues of major international importance. This chapter focuses on the IAASTD—the International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development—through a detailed analysis of the underlying knowledge politics involved, centered particularly on the controversy over genetically modified crops. Global assessments contribute to a new landscape of governance in the international arena, offering the potential for links between the local and the global and new ways of articulating citizen engagement with global processes of decision making and policy. The chapter argues that in global assessments the politics of knowledge need to be made more explicit and that negotiations around politics and values must be put center stage. The black-boxing of uncertainty, or the eclipsing of more fundamental clashes over interpretation and meaning, must be avoided for processes of participation and engagement in global assessments to become more meaningful, democratic, and accountable. A critique is thus offered of simplistic forms of deliberative democratic practice and the need to “bring politics back in” is affirmed.

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37

Paarlberg, Robert L. The Politics of Precaution: Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries (International Food Policy Research Institute). International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001.

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38

Paarlberg, Robert L. The Politics of Precaution: Genetically Modified Crops in Developing Countries (International Food Policy Research Institute). International Food Policy Research Institute, 2001.

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39

1941-, Miller Robert L., Robinson Bret A, Indiana. Dept. of Transportation., and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Modified level II streambed-scour analysis for structure I-465-158-4458 crossing State Ditch in Marion County, Indiana. Indianapolis, Ind: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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40

Mitrani, Sam. The Pullman Strike and the Matrix of State Institutions. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038068.003.0010.

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This epilogue examines how the Pullman Strike of 1894 exposed the Chicago Police Department's still quite limited ability to deal with a mass strike of such magnitude. The Pullman Strike was the largest and most important strike of the nineteenth century, with Chicago as its epicenter. It revealed as a failure George Pullman's attempt to apply a modified earlier version of order, based on the pre-police idea that a paternalistic system of organization could embed wage workers within an ordered system controlled by their employer. This strike also revealed the limits of police power, since the Chicago Police Department did not have the will or the force to break it. The Pullman Strike was primarily broken by the army, with the police department playing only a supporting role. The Pullman Strike also shows that municipal police departments were just one set of institutions within the broader matrix of state power, including the state militias and the military, that was built to maintain the businessmen's order in the nineteenth century.

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41

Cardoso, Adriana. Discontinuous noun phrases and remnant-internal relativization in the diachrony of Portuguese. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198747307.003.0003.

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This chapter investigates syntactic change regarding the availability of split noun phrases in relative clauses in the diachrony of Portuguese. In earlier stages of the language an element that is thematically dependent on the head noun (either as a complement or as a modifier) may not appear adjacent to it but in a relative clause internal position. In Contemporary European Portuguese, noun phrase discontinuity also arises in relative clauses, but only with the modifier/complement in the rightmost position. The word order with the modifier/complement at the left periphery of the relative clause is not allowed. The change is explained as being due to the loss of a left-peripheral position for contrastive focus within relative clauses (and possibly other types of subordinate clauses). Hence, the contraction of clause structure and the concomitant loss of movement are taken to constrain the possibilities of phrasal discontinuity found in earlier periods.

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42

Ó Briain, Lonán. Hybridity and the Other in Modern National Music. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190626969.003.0003.

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The process of inventing a national musical tradition for newly independent Vietnam demanded the inclusion of appropriate features from the minority cultures. Scholars compiled studies of these groups and ascribed musical instruments and styles to particular people. Composers and performers were then encouraged, via the awards and honors that were bestowed upon them by the Communist Party, to incorporate these features into their musical palettes. Lương Kim Vĩnh, a state-employed musician from the Viet majority, successfully modified the Hmong reed pipe for use in modern national music, and he became internationally renowned for his innovative compositions and performances on this instrument. Chapter 2 examines the evolution of his “Hmong” sound, which has become a synecdoche for a wider pan-minority sound in contemporary Vietnam. His development of the modified reed pipe is used as a lens for studying the assimilation of the musical Other into Vietnamese modern national music.

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43

Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040.

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Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the extracellular matrix and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated monocytes differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective or harmful), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoprotein via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Both lipid-laden vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages release the procoagulant tissue factor, contributing to thrombus propagation. Platelets also participate in progenitor cell recruitment and drive the inflammatory response mediating the atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a potential modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be modulated.

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44

Baquero Cruz, Julio. Partial Eclipse of Union Citizenship: From Grzelczyk to Dano. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198830610.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at Union citizenship, the obvious choice when looking for a substantive area in which to test the state of health of the law of integration. The chapter analyses how the citizenship case law of the Court of Justice has tried to find a reasonable balance between solidarity and the territorial character of the welfare systems of the Member States, how that balance seems to have been modified with the judgment in the Dano case, as a result of the contemporary pressures on integration, and the reasons behind that decision.

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45

Peacock, Linzi, and Rachel Hignett. Acquired heart disease. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713333.003.0041.

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Heart disease in pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal death worldwide. In the United Kingdom and United States, heart disease in pregnancy is the commonest cause of maternal death. In Europe, over 1% of maternal deaths are attributable to structural heart disease. In addition, heart disease in pregnancy is a significant cause of severe maternal and fetal morbidity. Whilst the vast majority of women with heart disease in pregnancy have underlying congenital heart disease, most maternal deaths are due to acquired heart disease (AHD). As the risk factors for AHD become ever more prevalent, the expectation is that disease burden from AHD in pregnancy will also increase. Women with AHD benefit from preconception or early assessment in pregnancy by a multidisciplinary team including obstetricians, cardiologists, and obstetric anaesthetists. Risk assessment using the modified World Health Organization classification of cardiac disease in pregnancy will inform frequency of review in pregnancy. A detailed plan for delivery should be agreed in the third trimester. Where possible, a vaginal delivery is advised: caesarean delivery is reserved for women with obstetric indications or with specific severe underlying cardiac conditions. Slow incremental epidural analgesia is usually recommended to reduce the cardiorespiratory work of labour and an assisted second-stage delivery will limit exertion due to pushing. Neuraxial anaesthesia for operative delivery is becoming a more familiar approach and techniques such as low-dose spinal component combined spinal–epidural or slow incremental epidural top-up maximize haemodynamic stability. Invasive monitoring is often beneficial. Post-delivery care is safely delivered in a high dependency or intensive therapy setting. This chapter looks at the general principles of management of women with AHD, and then examines in detail ischaemic heart disease, arrhythmias, cardiac transplantation, aortic pathology and aortic dissection, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, and infective endocarditis.

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46

Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040_update_001.

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Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the intimal layer and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles attached to the extracellular matrix suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated pro-atherogenic monocytes (mainly Mon2) differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective/M1 or harmful/M2), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoproteins via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors becoming foam cells. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels and calcium deposits increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces rich in tissue factor that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Platelets also participate in leucocyte and progenitor cell recruitment are likely to mediate atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process and evidence their potential use as systemic biomarkers of thrombus growth. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be prevented and modulated.

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47

Badimon, Lina, and Gemma Vilahur. Atherosclerosis and thrombosis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199687039.003.0040_update_002.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of heart disease. The continuous exposure to cardiovascular risk factors induces endothelial activation/dysfunction which enhances the permeability of the endothelial layer and the expression of cytokines/chemokines and adhesion molecules. This results in the accumulation of lipids (low-density lipoprotein particles) in the intimal layer and the triggering of an inflammatory response. Accumulated low-density lipoprotein particles attached to the extracellular matrix suffer modifications and become pro-atherogenic, enhancing leucocyte recruitment and further transmigration across the endothelium into the intima. Infiltrated pro-atherogenic monocytes (mainly Mon2) differentiate into macrophages which acquire a specialized phenotypic polarization (protective/M1 or harmful/M2), depending on the stage of the atherosclerosis progression. Once differentiated, macrophages upregulate pattern recognition receptors capable of engulfing modified low-density lipoprotein, leading to foam cell formation. Foam cells release growth factors and cytokines that promote vascular smooth muscle cell migration into the intima, which then internalize low-density lipoproteins via low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 receptors becoming foam cells. As the plaque evolves, the number of vascular smooth muscle cells decline, whereas the presence of fragile/haemorrhagic neovessels and calcium deposits increases, promoting plaque destabilization. Disruption of this atherosclerotic lesion exposes thrombogenic surfaces rich in tissue factor that initiate platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation, as well as thrombin generation. Platelets also participate in leucocyte and progenitor cell recruitment are likely to mediate atherosclerosis progression. Recent data attribute to microparticles a modulatory effect in the overall atherothrombotic process and evidence their potential use as systemic biomarkers of thrombus growth. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in atherogenesis, highlights platelet contribution to thrombosis and atherosclerosis progression, and provides new insights into how atherothrombosis may be prevented and modulated.

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48

Healey, Richard. Measurement. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714057.003.0006.

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If a quantum state completely specified the properties of a system to which it was assigned then application of quantum theory to an interaction intended to correlate properties of a measured system to those of a measuring device would leave that device recording no determinate outcome, contrary to what we observe. This is the quantum measurement problem. But the problem does not arise if the function of a quantum state assignment is not descriptive but prescriptive, so that all quantum state assignments are relational. Models of decoherence can certify the empirical significance of rival claims about which measurement outcome a device records, but their application does not explain but presupposes that exactly one such claim is true. The reality criterion which Einstein and colleagues applied to show the incompleteness of quantum description of reality is inapplicable to their chosen system while a slightly modified criterion is false.

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49

Thomson, Jennifer. Food for Africa: The life and work of a scientist in GM crops. UCT Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/1-7758-2048-2.

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Jennifer Thomson is one of the world’s leading advisors on genetically modified crops. In Food for Africa she traces, through anecdote and science, her career and the development of this area of research — from the dawn of genetic engineering in the USA in 1974, through the early stages of its testing in Europe and regulation in South Africa, to the latest developments in South Africa, where an updated Bioeconomy Strategy was approved in early 2013. As a young scientist she chose to study bacterial genetics, negotiating her way in a very male-dominated arena. It led to her path-breaking involvement in the development of GM research in South Africa — where approximately 80% of maize grown currently is genetically modified for insect and herbicide resistance — and the spread of this technology to other parts of Africa. Experiments conducted with smallholder farmers in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Mozambique now mean that insect-resistant cowpea, disease-resistant bananas, virus-resistant cassava, drought-tolerant maize and vitamin-enriched sorghum can be grown in Africa successfully. This book describes a remarkable personal and scientific evolution and looks to a future in which GM technology allows for the possibility of achieving food security throughout Africa by means of staple crops grown in difficult conditions by smallholder farmers.

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50

Hanioğlu, M. Şükrü. Nationalism and Kemalism. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691175829.003.0008.

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This chapter examines Turkish nationalism and Kemalism. The elimination of Islam as an ideological pillar of the main Ottoman successor state created a legitimacy vacuum at the center of the regime. Furthermore, the abolition of the sultanate and the dissolution of the Committee of Union and Progress (CUP) had given rise to a second void necessitating the creation of substitute foci for popular allegiance—both personal and institutional. Mustafa Kemal Atatürk sought to fill this lacuna with a new civic religion buttressed by a number of cults. The new ideology, unsurprisingly, was a modified, scientifically sanctioned version of Turkish nationalism. In the 1930s, Mustafa Kemal's followers and party pulled together various strands of several associated cults to create Kemalism, an all-encompassing state ideology based on his sayings and writings.

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