Дисертації з теми "Modification des nanoparticules"
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Lenne, Quentin. "Interfaces et nano-objets fonctionnels et biomimétiques pour l'électrocatalyse." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REN1S143.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented in this manuscript is focused on the surface functionalization of metallic nanoparticles with a covalently-bound monolayers of calix[4]arenes. The catalytic activity of these modified systems was then studied for the activation of small fuel molecules such as oxygen, methanol, and carbon dioxide
Lassiaz, Stéphanie. "Modification de surface d'alumine et de silice en milieu aqueux par greffage d'acide alkylphosphonique." Montpellier 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON20057.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this study is the surface modification of silica nanoparticles in aqueous media by grafting alkylphosphonic acid molecules. As Si-O-P bonds are unstable toward hydrolysis, the grafting is done by aluminium species deposited on the nanoparticles surface that is to say by Si-O-Al-O-P bonds. First, a study of the grafting of alkylphosphonic acid molecules onto alumina nanoparticles surface, used as a model, has been carried out. Then two strategies have been followed to modify silica nanoparticles surface: (a) the grafting of alkylphosphonic acid molecules on the surface of nanoparticles industrially modified by aluminium surface species and (b) the surface modification of silica nanoparticles by successive additions of aluminium salt then alkylphosphonic acid. The different nanoparticles functionalised by alkyl chains obtained have been characterised by thermogravimetric analysis, NMR MAS 31P, elementary analysis, infra-red spectroscopy, nitrogen adsorption-desorption at 77 K, hexane and water adsorptions at 25 °C and by a floating test in methanol/water mixing (“methanol number”). Grafting parameters have been optimised which allow us to synthesize nanoparticles with different covering rates and thus to control their hydrophobicity and their surface polarity on a large scale
Taiariol, Ludivine. "Immunociblage bioorthogonal de nanoparticules radiosensibilisantes pour une application en radiothérapie externe." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAS024.
Повний текст джерелаIn the last few years, nanoparticles (NP) have been of growing interest in the field of oncology for enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of cancer treatment modalities. These organic or inorganic NPimprove the effectiveness of some pre-existing treatments as surgery, cancer chemotherapy andimmunotherapy. With regard to radiotherapy, one of the principal means of patient cancertreatment, it has to face the increasing number of tumors described as “radioresistant” due to lowdoses often delivered in order to limit the effect of radiation on healthy tissue. One of the mostpromising strategy relies on high atomic number NP (e.g. gold, platinum, hafnium or gadolinium)used as radiosensitizers for their capacity to enhance radiation damage once in the tumormicroenvironment. This technological advance could getting an unprecedented development if theirtumor concentration was not only based on passive targeting via the EPR effect, but on the tumorspecific targeting for potentiating the effect of ionizing radiations while limiting side effects to healthytissues and thus improving therapeutic efficacy.Thus, the work reported in this thesis concerns the development of silica NP constituted of afluorescent core of rhodamine, chelating several gadolinium atoms and able to specifically targetcancer cells with an immunopretargeting system based on SPAAC («Strain Promoted Alkyne-AzideCycloaddition ») bioorthogonal chemistry. This strategy relies on the two-step active targeting: (1) anantibody modified by an azide bioorthogonal entity would first be administered; (2) then, NPfunctionalized with complementary bioorthogonal entities (azadibenzylcyclooctyne, ADIBO) would beinjected in a second time after clearance of the modified antibody not located at the tumor site. Thespecific covalent binding NP/antibody via the SPAAC ligation (ADIBO/N3) should thus permit toimprove NP tumor concentration and potentiate their therapeutic effect.NP surface functionalization was performed according to an automated supported synthesisusing phosphoramidite chemistry. This technique allowed the surface incorporation of the ADIBObioorthogonal entities and also of the macrocycles DOTA for gadolinium chelation. Grafting of thedifferent chemical functions and molecules and their quantification were conducted by variouscharacterization techniques (fluorescence, absorption, DLS, ICP-MS). In the second part of this work,antibodies were efficiently functionalized by azide bioorthogonal entities, complementary of ADIBOfunctions according to SPAAC ligation. After quantification and validation of their reactivity by MALDI-TOF and fluorescence studies, the best immunoconjugate has been selected to perform in vitrostudies by confocal microscopy. Despite different studies carried out in this project, it has not beenyet possible to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach. Nevertheless, these NP obtained withboth bioorthogonal entities and gadolinium atoms suggests other interesting perspectives for application as theranostics
El, Malti Wassim. "Modification de surface de supports inorganiques par des groupements organiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20208/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is the surface modification of two inorganic supports (mesoporous silica nanoparticles, calcium carbonate) by grafting organic molecules (organosilanes and phosphonates derivatives).Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN) of MCM-41 type were synthesized by direct micro-emulsion and grafted under mild conditions using isocyanatopropyltrichlorosilane. Then, the reactivity of the isocyanate function was tested by post-modification using several amino nucleophiles. Synthesis, grafting and post-modification steps have been characterized by several physicochemical methods. MSN surface functionalized with a photolabile coupling agent have also been developed and tested under UV irradiation, with a view to prepare nanovalves for photo-controlled drug-delivery.The surface modification of nanoparticles of calcium carbonate (calcite) by phosphonate monolayers was investigated. The reaction conditions were optimized to favor grafting and prevent the dissolution of calcium carbonate leading to the precipitation of calcium phosphonate phases. Dense monolayers were obtained with different phosphonic acids in organic and aqueous media. The use of phosphonic esters (diethyl esters) was also explored. The modified nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques (NMR and IR spectroscopy, XRD, elemental analysis, electron microscopy, wettability testing) to identify the nature of the surface species
Reinhardt, Nora Maria Elisabeth. "Modification chimique de surface de nanoparticules de silice pour le marquage d'ADN dans des lipoplexes." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR14820/document.
Повний текст джерелаSilica nanoparticles are ideal platforms for the conception of bioimaging tools serving for the elucidation of the mechanisms of gene transfection via lipoplex structures. The purpose of the present study is the development of a chemical surface modification for the generation of quaternary ammonium groups on silica nanoparticles permitting the obtainment of highly positively charged silica colloids which strongly attract DNA by electrostatic interactions. Two modification strategies to generate quaternary ammonium groups on silica are presented a) a direct silanization using quaternary ammonium groups containing silane derivatives and b) a modification of silica nanoparticles via a first modification with an amine group containing silane derivative and a subsequent quaternization of the amine groups via an alkylation with iodomethane. Different physicochemical methods were employed (cosedimentation assays, quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring measurements, TEM and Cryo-TEM imaging) to analyze interactions between quaternized surfaces, DNA and lipids. A preliminary study was carried out which shows the capacity of the synthesized nanoparticles to label DNA in lipoplexes
Hermal, Florence. "Recouvrement et modification de nanoparticules afin d’optimiser leurs propriétés physico-chimiques pour des applications pharmaceutiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAF058.
Повний текст джерелаThe Layer-by-Layer (LbL) technique has emerged as a simple and effective method for surface modification and functionalization, especially of nanoparticles. We have explored this coating technique to increase the resistance of conventional liposomes. We have developed a layer-by-layer formulation procedure using two biodegradable and biocompatible polyelectrolytes with opposite charges: poly(L-lysine) (PLL) and poly(L-glutamic) acid (PGA). This procedure has allowed the development of very homogeneous formulations of liposomes coated with up to 6 layers of polymers (layersomes) and liposomes coated with two layers of cross-linked polyelectrolytes. The coating was characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), quartz crystal microbalance technique (QCM), and energy transfer between two fluorescent molecules (FRET). Studies on the stability of formulations at 4°C in a buffered solution have shown that some structures are stable over 2 months without impacting their encapsulation capacity. The results suggest a better resistance of the coated liposomes in the presence of a non-ionic detergent (Triton™ X-100) as well as in the presence of plasma. In a second step, this procedure was adapted to coat inactivated H5N1 virus particles in order to develop a "delayed" form of the virus. Viral particles coated with up to 4 polymer layers as well as particles coated with 2 layers of cross-linked polyelectrolytes were obtained and characterized by DLS, laser diffraction (LD) as well as confocal and transmission electron microscopy. Stability studies have shown that the coating of viruses stored at 4°C is stable for at least 2 months. We showed that the LbL assembly had no impact on the immunogenicity of the viral particles and that a delayed release of the virus was likely. This work has demonstrated the adaptability of layer by layer assembly of nanoparticles for various pharmaceutical applications
Actis, Paolo. "Modification de surface et caractérisation électrochimique d'électrodes de diamant dopé bore." Grenoble INPG, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008INPG0055.
Повний текст джерелаExcellent mechanical properties, high chemical inertness and biocompatibility have made boron doped diamond electrodes (BDD) a promising material for applications in the biomedical field. Amine-terminated BDD interfaces were obtained through solvent free chemical grafting of diazonium salts on hydrogen terminated BDD electrodes. Next to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cyc1ic voltammetry, the presence and electrochemical behaviour of the linked functional groups were identified using Raman spectroscopy. Ln parallel, the influence of the presence of amine groups on the electronic transfer kinetics and the possibility to deposit go Id nanopartic1es was studied. Photochemical oxidized BDD allowed furthermore the linking of photoactive benzophenone molecules and the photoimmobilization of oligonuc1eotide (DNA) strands. Finally, the potential of scanning probe techniques such as scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and electrochemical scanning near field optical microscopy (E-SNOM) to locally pattern BDD electrodes was demonstrated
Gotti, Guillaume. "Modification de surfaces électrochimiques par des nanoparticules d'or pour la détection de molécules impliquées dans le stress oxydant." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2229/.
Повний текст джерелаOxidative stress is a biological phenomenon resulting from an imbalance between oxidant and antioxidant species which can be involved in the early stages of many pathologies such as cancer or neurodegenerative diseases. The detection of molecules involved in the oxidative stress is a major issue in terms of public health. Due to its simplicity, fast-response time and low cost, electrochemistry is a method of interest for the detection of dissolved oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, two precursors of more deleterious reactive species in a biological medium. In this work a study of the electrochemical behavior of O2 and H2O2 under neutral conditions was performed by cyclic and steady-state voltammetries, first on bulk unmodified materials (glassy carbon and gold). In order to be further used as a reference and fill a lack in the literature, the charge transfer coefficients were determined for O2 reduction and H2O2 oxidation using Tafel and Koutecky-Levich methods and were compared to those obtained in acidic and basic media. In a second part, gold nanoparticles functionalized glassy carbon electrodes were prepared by two ways: direct electrodeposition from a gold precursor and deposition by adsorption of colloidal gold solution synthesized in aqueous medium. To demonstrate the electrocatalytic properties of those gold nanoparticles, the charge transfer coefficients were determined for O2 reduction and H2O2 oxidation and compared with those obtained on bulk materials. From the different materials used, separate calibrations were made for the two target molecules, and then a simultaneous detection was proposed by cyclic voltammetry to achieve the proof of concept for future sensor
Mornet, Stéphane. "Synthèse et modification chimique de la surface de nanoparticules de maghémite à des fins d'applications biomédicales." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00128139.
Повний текст джерелаmodifiées en surface par des agents de couplage silaniques organofonctionnels suivi du greffage covalent des macromolécules. Les nanovecteurs, ont ensuite été marqués par des sondes fluorescentes pour réaliser des
tests in vitro de double marquage (IRM, fluorescence) de microglies humaines (HEMC5).
Koch, Susanne Julia. "Dendritic surface modification of photocatalytic nanoparticles for tumour therapy." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0687/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe occurrence of field cancerization is characteristic for tumours of the head and neck region. Due to these widespread premalignant and malignant alterations, it is frequently not possible to entirely remove the tumour by surgery. This results in a high risk of tumour recurrence. Therefore, this PhD research aimed to develop photocatalytic nanoparticles (NPs) as completion of the traditional tumour therapy. These NPs are supposed to be incorporated by tumour cells and to induce photocatalytic cell death by UV light activation. TiO2 with convincing photocatalytic properties and an average size smaller than 20 nm should therefore be synthesized. NP biocompatibility, their uptake into cells and an efficient tumour targeting should be guaranteed by surface modification of the particles with dendritic organic molecules that allow a precise control of the surface charge of the particles as well as antibody coupling.A further objective was the combination of therapeutic and diagnostic properties within the NPsystem realized for example via introduction of a luminescent dye. This research was carried out at the University of Bordeaux (synthesis of organic molecules for particle functionalization) in cooperation with the Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC in Würzburg, Germany (nanoparticle synthesis)
Moussaoui, Myriam. "Elaboration et caractérisations de nouveaux matériaux diélectriques structurés par des nanoparticules de sulfure de zinc : applications prospectives." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4001.
Повний текст джерелаOur efforts have been devoted to the development of simple approach to synthesize ZnS nanoparticules (NPs) by melting process in a glassy matrix with the aim to create a controlled optical index variation. In this thesis, we present the formation of ZnS NPs in the glassy matrix and study of their optical properties. The nanocomposite incorporating ZnS in the host medium was prepared using the melting process from a mixture of the raw materials. We have prepared various glass samples with ZnS NPs size ranging from 1.8 à 7 nm. These samples were treated (heat treatment ± UV insulation with 244 nm laser) and characterized by UV-Vis absorption, FTIR, photoluminescence spectroscopy, Raman measurements and XPS. The refractive index measurements of these nanostructured composite glasses have been carried out and show an important increase with ZnS concentrations and treatments. We also present the elaboration of small and monodisperse ZnS nanopowder with size ranging from 3 to 100 nm by a simple, low-cost and mass production chemical method. The NPs were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), UV-vis absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ZnS nanopowders was investigated by using different colorant water dispersed. ZnS NPs appear to be a good candidate for potential environmental applications such as water purification. We also present application of fluorescent ZnS nanoparticles as cellular biomarkers. Fluorescent microscopy images of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells revealed that the ZnS nanoparticles were biocompatible and were penetrated cells and nucleus regardless of their size. Hence, the ZnS NPs can be good candidates for drug delivery and bio-imaging applications
Lin, Fangbo. "Modification régiosélective de nanocristaux de cellulose : synthèse, assemblages et propriétés fonctionnelles." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALV029.
Повний текст джерелаCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been identified as highly attractive building blocks for the design of innovative biosourced materials. These nanoparticles are indeed derived from an abundant and renewable source, cellulose fibers, and possess exceptional properties such as a very large surface area, a low density, non-toxicity, biocompatibility and mechanical properties comparable to those of Kevlar. An interesting feature of these nano-objects, which has not been widely exploited yet, is their chemical polarity. Indeed, the biosynthesis leads to different extremities of the rods from a chemical point of view, which makes it possible to generate asymmetrically functionalized CNCs. Alternatively, CNCs made of the allomorph II of cellulose (CNC-II) can also be produced. CNC-II particles exhibit a rather similar geometry as CNCs but both rod ends are amenable to chemical modification. This thesis project has thus focused on new strategies to efficiently modify in a regioselective manner CNCs and CNC-II particles in order to generate innovative and functional assemblies.First, an in situ growth strategy was developed to drastically optimize the regioselective labelling of CNCs and CNC-II with gold nanoparticles when compared to literature data (labelling yield increased from about 15 to 80%). This development allowed us to get insight into fundamental morphological features by confirming the antiparallel packing of cellulose chains in CNC-II and by showing that CNCs derived from cotton are made of a parallel assembling of chemically polar elementary crystallites.Secondly, both types of nanocellulose particles were successfully regioselectively functionalized with thermosensitive polymer chains using a two-step oxidation and peptide coupling strategy. In the case of CNCs, the resulting hybrid particles underwent a thermally induced-aggregation into star-shaped aggregates composed of 3 to 6 nanocrystals attached by their ends. Using CNC-II particles, a reversible temperature-triggered association into supra-micronic networks could be obtained through end-to-end attachment of the cellulose rods. The structural features of these new objects and their assemblies were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and small angle X-ray or neutron scattering. Rheology measurements were used to show that in both cases, above the LCST of the grafted polymer chains, a gel-like behavior is obtained but the network structure led to stronger effects than the star-shaped complexes.Finally, the optimization of the grafting process was investigated and the use of DCC/DMAP or 4-PPY as catalysts of the peptide coupling and DMF as the solvent turned out to be the best conditions.The use of N-Methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to induce a swelling of the CNC ends and favor the reaction was also studied. However, no swelling could be detected but the treatment with NMMO had a noticeable effect of separating the elementary crystallites forming the CNCs.Since the undertaken modifications concern a very reduced fraction of the available anhydroglucose units, a quantitative direct characterization of the regioselective derivatization of CNCs remains challenging, even if the use of advanced techniques such as scattering methods give fruitful information. However, the present work shows that such a site-selective functionalization coupled with the use of biosourced particles allows a fine tuning of stimuli-sensitive assembling into innovative structures that give rise to new macroscopic properties
Schmitt, Céline. "Surface modification of oxide nanoparticles using phosphonic acids : characterization, surface dynamics, and dispersion in sols and nanocomposites." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS083/document.
Повний текст джерелаColloidal nanoparticles (NPs) dispersions are largely used in the industry, and avoid the use of dried NPs, which is controversial due to safety concerns. The key point in such systems remains the control of the interactions with the dispersed medium and between the NPs. Mastering these interactions allows controlling the NPs' state of dispersion. Moreover, as polymer-NPs nanocomposites have been found promising for a wide variety of applications, the use of colloidal sols could thus be an advantageous way of NPs' incorporation in the polymer, with a possible control of the NPs state of dispersion, and finally on the properties of the material, as they are linked to the NPs' dispersion. The purpose of this PhD work is to develop surface-functionalization methods of oxide NPs in colloidal sols in order to control the dispersion of NPs in the sols and in polymer nanocomposites derived from these sols, and to evaluate this dispersion using SAXS. Two surface modification methods have been developed to obtain aqueous or organic sols of functionalized NPs. The first one concerns the reaction in water of alumina-coated silica NPs with phosphonic acids (PAs), and the second one involves the simultaneous grafting and phase transfer of TiO2 NPs from an aqueous to a CHCl3 phase using PAs. The resulting NPs were characterized and their state of dispersion was monitored by DLS and SAS measurements. The impact of the C8PA grafting density on the structure of modified alumina-coated silica NPs in the dried state was evidenced by SAXS. The different relaxation processes of bare and grafted NPs were studied by BDS. These NPs were then incorporated in a PEA polymer by an aqueous latex route, and their structure in the nanocomposites was investigated by SANS
Marre, Samuel. "Ingénierie de surface des matériaux en milieux fluides supercritiques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00131417.
Повний текст джерелаDiazgomez, Trevino Ana Paola. "Élaboration de matériaux hybrides organiques-inorganiques à base de nanoparticules de TiO₂ : modification et étude de la composante organique." Thesis, Paris 13, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA131080.
Повний текст джерелаTiO₂-based nanoparticulate organic-iniorganic hybrid materials with the organic component consisting of co-polymers were prepared. A successful association of hydrophobic and hydrophilic organics makes the hybrid solutions stable against atmospheric moisture and preserved single nanoparticle morphology at high inorganics concentrations up to 3 mol/l Ti over a week. The compositional modifications of the hybrids were investigated at the solvent exchange and polymerization stages of preparation. It was shown that the inorganic nanoparticles retain solvent molecules at the surface even at high temperatures above boiling point (up to the organics decomposition temperature). The nanoparticles also catalyze the organics decomposition shifting this process to lower temperatures. The major products of HEMAisopropanol decomposition were assigned to 2-methyl propionic acid and 2-hydroxy ethyl acetate and methyl methacrylate, which last was also observed as the synthesis impurity. The quantities of the released species were proportional to the nanoparticles concentration. The TEM measurements evidenced unprecedently homogenous distribution of the smallest nanoparticles of the size 3.0 nm previously assigned to nucleus, which serves as elementary building block of TiO₂ solids. These findings have to be taken into consideration by investigating electronic properties of the materials and determining their application fields. We evaluated availability of the obtained nanoparticulate organic-inorganic hybrid materials for micromashining via DLW (2PP) processing
Xue, Yanpeng. "Voie innovante pour la nano micro texturation de surfaces métalliques à base d'assemblage de nanoparticules d'Au : application superhydrophobe." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066184/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn recent years, textured surfaces become desired substrates for different nanotechnology applications. In the field of superhydrophobic applications, structured surfaces are used as self-cleaning surfaces. In the present PhD work, we are interested in the fabrication of textured surfaces using electrodeposition process and self assembled functionalized Au NPs modified electrodes. Our strategy shows interesting possibilities to control metal electrodeposition (Ag, Cu and Co). Structured surfaces with 2 nanometer resolution have been prepared successfully using our approach. In the other hand, it is demonstrated that for convenient molecules which functionalized Au NPs, it is possible to control the morphology of electrodeposited materials and in turn their wetting properties. Furthermore, it is found that Au NPs behave as electronanocatalysts on HOPG surface. Superhydrophobic application was evaluated for different textured surfaces with different materials
Stemmelen, Mylène. "De la fonctionnalisation d'une huile végétale aux matériaux polymères bio-sources : étude de lipopolymères en solution et de résines epoxy lipidiques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20077.
Повний текст джерелаThis Ph-D work deals with the valorization of grapeseed oil for the preparation of novel and various bio-based polymers. Three pathways are developed starting from lipids and leading to polymeric materials such as self-assembled polymers, thermosets and hybride polymers. First, the vegetable oil and methyloleate were modified using radical addition on their double bonds. Following, hydroxylated, aminated and phosphonated lipids were synthesized.In a first study, the oil was hydroxylated via thiol-ene coupling reaction. The fatty alcohol was then converted into initiator for the cationic ring-opening polymerization of 2-methyl-2-oxazoline. These Lipopolymers so-called LipoPOx exhibit hydrophilic POx block and fatty block. Their amphiphilic nature confer them a self-organization ability in water. A monomodal and narrow distribution of nanoparticles was observed by DLS and AFM.In a second study, the oil and some fatty amides were also functionalized by UV-induced radical addition using cysteamine hydrochloride. A linear diamine and a branched polyamine were synthesized and used as hardeners of epoxidized vegetable oil leading to thermosets with high level of bio-carbone. The investigation on thermo-mechanical properties showed a Tg between -38 and -9°C.In a last study, the lipids were modified by radical addition of dimethylphosphite using thermal or photochemical process. Then, the phosphonate esters were converted into silylated moieties making them reactive toward titanium. The anchoring of lipids onto titanium based materials induced a modification of their surface properties
El, Haber Fady. "Contribution à l'obtention de verres organiques sans plomb, transparents, atténuateurs des rayons X- : synthèse, modification de surface et caractérisations de nanoparticules incorporables dans les polymères acryliques." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2085.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was supported as a Cifre PhD by Lemer PAX company in Carquefou. It is a new scientific approach to study new x-rays attenuator unleaded organic and transparent glasses in the energy range between 30 keV and 120 keV. This was done by using a organobismuth or/and a inorganic rare-earth compound incorporated into thermoplastic polymer like poly(methyl methacryalte) PMMA. This work was divided in two sections. The first section is a bibliographic approach for x-rays interactions and radioprotection. In same time we have optimized by simulations on XCOM software the choice of the attenuator compound and the PMMA composite transparency by the “4-flux” method. In the second section we have optimized the procedures to incorporate these compounds into the PMMA. The attenuator compounds can be dissolved directly into MMA monomer (in case of organobismuth) or into ethanol then mixed with MMA (in case of rare earths compounds). Moreover the simulations by “4-flux” method show that nanoparticles size lower than 10 nm of the attenuator compounds allow an important light transmission. We have synthesized nanoparticles of rare-earth compounds dispersed in MMA witch where first surface modified to enhance their dispersion
Zibin, Hai. "Modification of Titania with Gold-Copper Bimetallic Nanoparticles and Preparation of Copper-Based Photocatalysts : Application in Water Treatment." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00926757.
Повний текст джерелаBenoit, Guy. "La vectorisation de la doxorubicine par des nanoparticules et liposomes : modification de sa toxicite vis-a-vis de differentes lignees cellulaires tumorales." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA077099.
Повний текст джерелаCasanovas, Presti Charlène. "Modification de surface de nanodiamants par des groupements phosphorés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20075.
Повний текст джерелаNanodiamonds are increasingly studied in different fields such as physics (through spontaneous photoluminescence properties due to nitrogen-vacancy centers), tribology (lubrication, polishing), materials science (nanocomposites) or biology (drug or gene delivery, bio-labeling). The development of nanodiamonds-based materials with new properties requires continuing further fundamentals studies on the functionalization and characterization of their surface. Several methods of surface functionalization have already been proposed but many possibilities have not yet been explored.The objective of this research project is to develop new ways of surface modification of nanodiamonds and develop techniques for the characterization of these materials. The nanodiamonds studied here are commercial. They are obtained by detonation then purified and their surface is covered by oxygenated functions (alcohol, carboxylic acid, ketone, aldehyde, etc.). We propose to functionalize the surface of these nanodiamonds by reacting the alcohol surface functions with phosphoric or phosphonic acid chlorides. The first part of the results concerns the grafting by phosphoryl trichloride (POCl3) leading to the functionalization by phosphate species. The second part presents the grafting of phosphonic acid chlorides (RPOCl2) leading to phosphonate surface species.Surface modifications are monitored by several characterization methods such as infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 31P solid-state NMR), elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM).In addition, in collaboration with the Ecole des Mines d'Alès, we started the study of polymer/nanodiamonds composites, and the first results are presented in a third part
Rahma, Hakim. "Synthèse de nanofilms à greffons dendritiques pour l’immobilisation de biomolécules." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14593/document.
Повний текст джерелаBiofunctionalization of silica surfaces represents a crucial step for many applications in biotechnology such as biosensing and bioseparation. Monitoring the surface modification of the materials supports can improve their performances for the recognition of biological species. In this work, we have developed functional dendritic organosilanes of first and second generation for chemical modification of surfaces. These dendritic organosilanes RSiX3 (X = Cl or OMe3 or OEt3) were covalently grafted on planar silica or on core-shell superparamagnetic nanoparticles surfaces (gamma-Fe2O3/SiO2). The grafted surfaces were analyzed by AFM and TEM. They were also characterized by Infrared, contact angle and zetametry. These modified surfaces by dendritic molecules have shown high ability to immobilize biological molecules such as protein A or rabbit antibodies
Feougier, Raphaël. "Modification de propriétés physico-chimiques de surface par nano-structuration multi-échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALT013.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the challenges of the coming decades will be mastering the manipulation of light rays. Light plays a central role in numerous industrial technologies, whether it is used to transmit images or be converted into electrical energy. In microelectronics, the control of light rays is based on microstructures, often in three-dimensional form. This is especially relevant for microlenses used in image sensors. To ensure the maximum efficiency of light reception and processing, it is crucial to minimise light loss due to reflections on the surface of the microlens.To address this challenge, one inspired solution from nature is to add anti-reflective nanostructuring to 3D microstructures, creating a hierarchical structure. However, current fabrication processes do not allow direct fabrication of hierarchical structures. Consequently, the production of microlens and nanostructures involves the combination of various patterning techniques. These processes can be classified according to the initial fabrication of the structure: the "microfirst" and "nanofirst" approaches. The current hierarchical microstructuring processes do not yet satisfy industry demands in terms of cost, reproducibility, and pattern versatility.This PhD investigates the development of two hierarchical microstructuring procedures utilising the "microfirst" and "nanofirst" approaches, respectively. The aim is to provide flexibility in the choice of micro- and nanometric patterns that can be produced, all within an industrial environment
Karpati, Szilvia. "Development of a multimodal nanoprobe for the comprehension of post-stroke inflammation." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1211.
Повний текст джерелаIschemic stroke, as one of the most common causes of death, represents an important health issue. The pathology consists of the occlusion of an artery in the brain leading to an acute inflammatory process. Post-stroke inflammation usually results in irreversible secondary brain tissue damage. To date, the clinical application of anti-inflammatory treatments has been either negative or inconclusive. For a better understanding of this complex physiological process and development of efficient treatment, there is an urgent need to develop performant in-vivo diagnostic tools. In that context, we proposed to design a multimodal hybrid nanoprobe for enhancing the contrast in three different clinical and pre-clinical imaging modalities. The ability of this probe to enhance contrast in MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) and a recently developed spectral photon counting scanner computed tomography (SPCCT) is intrinsic to the inorganic GdF3 core. The inorganic nanoparticle size and morphology was optimized for the biological application. The third modality, two-photon imaging, provides high spatial resolution, high sensitivity, and allows real-time imaging. To make GdF3 nanoparticles visible by two-photon microscopy, a specially designed organic moiety is added to the nanoplatform. The inorganic nanoparticles are synthesized by the original solvothermal method developed in our group. Surface modifications with different PEG derivatives confer to the GdF3 nanoparticles high stability in physiological media (such as blood), biocompatibility, and stealth. The two-photon active chromophore synthesized in our laboratory is grafted to the particle surface via a thermally activated (catalyst-free) alkyne-azide click reaction. Toxicity of the nanoobjects has been assessed by using two different tests on four human-derived cells, and no cytotoxic effect of the particles was found. After the demonstration of the multimodality of the particles, pre-clinical in vivo experiments were performed. We evidenced that the particles successfully enhance SPCCT, MRI contrast in the brain of the small animal via a T2-effect and provide a high-intensity two-photon signal for in-vivo microscopy. Besides, the nanoparticles revealed to be stable and long-circulating in the blood, which favored their cross through the altered blood-brain barrier. Their phagocytose by activated immune cells offered the possibility to follow cell-trafficking
Chong, Céline. "Élaboration de particules de polymère magnétiques multifonctionnelles pour la préparation d'échantillons biologiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10333/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis describes the synthesis of magnetic latexes which are able to capture and release various microorganisms via non-specific and electrostatic interactions. Cationic iron oxide nanoparticles stabilized by nitrate counterions were synthesized by the co-precipitation of iron salts in water. The surface of the asobtained maghemite was then modified by a sol-gel process using a methacrylate-functionalized organosilane, in order to incorporate the iron oxide nanoparticles into latex particles by copolymerization reactions. Magnetic particles were obtained by dispersion, emulsion or miniemulsion polymerization of styrene or methyl methacrylate, performed in the presence of iron oxide. Due to the interaction between the stabilizers and iron oxides, dispersion polymerization was not a suitable approach. On the other hand, (mini-)emulsion polymerization led to a large range of particle diameters (140 – 650 nm), according to the process used to disperse iron oxides prior to the polymerization. These latexes contained between 2 and 37 % of magnetic particles, incorporating up to 91% of iron oxide. But the size distribution remained quite broad in all cases. The functionalization of the as-prepared magnetic particles was then undertaken by the introduction of either a charged co-monomer or polyelectrolytes or polyampholytes reactivable during the polymerization process. These kinds of polymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerization. Their ability to capture and release microorganisms was tested on silica-based model systems. Polyampholytes displayed good results on several microorganisms
Peramo, Arnaud. "Modification sélective de protéines en milieu biologique par réaction de Suzuki-Miyaura nanocatalysée PLGA-PEG-supported Pd nanoparticles as efficient catalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions in water Selective modification of a native protein in a patient tissue homogenate using palladium nanoparticles A Self-Assembling Palladium-Loaded Calixarene as a Potent Catalyst for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-coupling Reaction in Water." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS600.
Повний текст джерелаNanotechnology has opened up new perspectives for targeted drug delivery in the treatment of severe diseases. Current approaches in nanomedicine are based on the encapsulation of an active drug in a nanocarrier. In the present study, we have used nanoparticles not to address an encapsulated drug to a target tissue, but for manipulating a protein of interest in a complex biological medium. With this aim, we have identified a stable, non-toxic palladium nanoparticle formulation, embedding a remarkable catalytic activity on the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. This nano-catalyst allows by using an appropriate boron derivative to couple aromatic residues onto halogenated amino acids in a phosphate buffer at physiological pH. By the same way, the formulation as nanoparticles of calixarene derivatives functionalized with palladium carbene complexes was studied. This new nano-reactor allowed similarly the arylation reaction of halogenated amino acids in water and at ambient temperature in a very efficient manner.We showed that it is possible, thanks to these nanoparticles, to modify selectively by a covalent bond the thyroglobulin, a halogenated natural protein, implicated in Graves' disease and in certain thyroid cancers. The absence of a protein-expressing cellular model led us to test the reaction in an organ homogenate from surgical thyroid excision from a Graves' disease patient. The coupling of thyroglobulin by Suzuki-Miyaura reaction was detected by proteomic analysis by labeling with a simple aromatic ring and by western blotting using a biotin probe allowing detection by immunoassay. In conclusion, the study undertaken in the thesis has shown the selective formation of a CC bond onto a natural protein in a complex biological medium and under physiological conditions, by using palladium nanoparticles. This result paves the way for new therapeutic perspectives to control the level of thyroglobulin in the case of hormonal dysregulation
El, Aboudi Ilham. "Ablation laser UV à l'interface eau-polymère." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13596.
Повний текст джерелаBousquet, Cathel. "Chimie en milieux fluides supercritiques pour l'élaboration de céramiques ferroélectriques nonostructureées." Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13576.
Повний текст джерелаEl, Yakhlifi El Hadouchi Salima. "Control of the structure and the properties of polydopamine in suspensions, in films and in gels for biomedical applications." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020STRAE013.
Повний текст джерелаBecause of the dynamics of the oceans, several marine organisms have had to adapt and develop adhesive strategies in order to survive. In particular, marine mussels are known for their extraordinary ability to attach to a wide variety of surfaces, and even in wet conditions. This feat has opened the door to intense research efforts over the past decade to attempt to understand and be inspired by this property. Studies have shown the presence in the adhesive substance of the mussels, a large amount of L-Lysine, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA) and 3-4-hydroxyproline (1). The combination of catechols and primary and secondary amines has been shown to contribute to this strong adhesion (2). Based on this hypothesis, researchers have succeeded in developing a simple synthesis of polydopamine (PDA) by oxidation of dopamine, which is a molecule with precisely these two chemical functions (3). However, even today, there is no consensus on the mechanisms of formation of this material. This complexity stems from the many possible reaction pathways after the initial oxidation step. In addition, PDA shares physicochemical characteristics with eumelanin, the black-brown pigment responsible for the coloring of the skin. The structural similarity between these two entities gives PDA interesting properties, the most remarkable being its antioxidant properties. Although the molecular structure and the stages of formation of PDA are not yet fully understood, its ability to adhere to any kind of substrate makes it a material of choice in many applications in medicine, cosmetics, industry… It is therefore in our interest to continue research efforts in this area. It is in this context that this thesis fits, which can be divided into three axes: a first part consisted in optimizing the method of PDA synthesis and in training and developing a technique for controlling PDA nanoparticles. Using the advances of this step, interest was given to the physicochemical study of PDA films in order to better understand its formation mechanisms in order to then be able to better control them. Finally, special attention was given to the study of an application of gel formed from PDA based on the findings of the first two axes
Kurzyp, Magdalena. "Hydrogenated nanodiamond as radiosensitizer : chemical and physical investigations of the involved mechanisms." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLN060/document.
Повний текст джерелаAmong all nanocarbons, detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) possess outstanding chemical and physical properties suitable for bio-applications. Well-controlled mass production provides NDs with a primary size of 5 nm made of a diamond-core and a shell-coating containing various surface terminations. Surface chemistry of NDs can be tuned via thermal or plasma treatments providing either positively or negatively charged NDs in water suspension. Our group recently showed that plasma hydrogenated NDs (H-NDs) behave a radiosensitizing effect on radioresistant cancer cell lines providing potential therapeutic abilities as radiosensitizing agents. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved behind this effect are not currently well understood. The main goal of this PhD is to study the behaviour of NDs suspended in water under ionizing radiations (X-ray and Gamma) and to investigate the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular hydroxyl radicals (HO). Additional experiments allow to detect also produced solvated electrons (eaq). The detection of HO radicals and solvated electrons was realized in the presence of a fluorescence probe, the 7 OH-coumarin, under various atmospheres (air and N2O/O2). Starting from the same source of NDs, different surface chemistries were compared (oxidized, hydrogenated and surface graphitized). In parallel, colloidal properties and stability of these modified NDs in water with respect to their surface chemistry were investigated at short and long term. An overproduction of HO was observed for H-NDs for both hydrogenation methods and vacuum annealed NDs at 750°C. In addition, the production of solvated electrons was confirmed for H-NDs. These results were discussed taking into account the surface chemistry, the colloidal stability and specific interactions of water molecules with NDs
Gross, Pierre-Alexandre. "Modification de nanotubes de TiO2 pour la production d’hydrogène par photodissociation de l’eau sous lumière solaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAF053.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is about the production of hydrogen by photoelectrocatalysis using a vertically aligned TiO2 nanotubes based photoanode. Utilization of TiO2 for solar applications is limited due to its large band gap, it has to be modified. Two approaches are proposed for the modification of the TiO2 nanotubes to make them absorb visible light. The first one is the chemical modification of the TiO2 by (Ta-N) or (Nb-N) cationic-anionic co-doping. Cations are inserted during the growth of the nanotubes by a novel approach, and nitrogen is inserted during heat treatment. This leads to the formation of hybrid orbitals resulting in a band gap reduction and of activity under visible light. The second approach consists of the deposition of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of the TiO2 nanotubes. Thanks to the control of the morphology of the Ag nanoparticles, their plasmonic resonance can enhance the absorption of TiO2 and thus increase its activity both under UV and visible light
Twardoch, Marek. "Layer-by-layer modification of textiles : development of self-decontaminating functionalized textiles." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAE008.
Повний текст джерелаPhotocatalysis can be efficiently utilized for obtaining self-decontaminating properties of different surfaces. Production of sun driven self-decontaminating textiles can highly improve level of hygiene, especially in undeveloped countries. To prepare coatings on textiles, the Layer-by-Layer assembly method seems to be very attractive as it allows to build multifunctional hybrid materials with controlled nanoscale composition and architecture, regardless of surface type and geometry. This work describes the preparation of photocatalytically active coatings composed of TiO2 nanoparticles and polyelectrolytes for self-decontaminating applications. The quantity of deposited catalysts within the films can be precisely controlled by adjusting the number of layers and the deposition parameters. Coated textiles showed promising results in degradation of dyes and gas pollutants. In order to better understand degradation mechanisms, radical production in films during illumination have been investigated by EPR spectroscopy
Musino, Dafne. "Impact of surface modification on the structure and dynamics of silica-polymer nanocomposites." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTS015/document.
Повний текст джерелаNanocomposite materials made by dispersion of nano-scale fillers in a soft polymer matrix attract industrial interest because of their enhanced properties. During their formulation, filler-filler and filler-polymer interactions affect the dispersion of the particles, and thus the final nanocomposite structure. The filler dispersion as well as dynamical properties control many material properties and in particular the mechanical response of these materials.In this PhD work, we propose the study of nanocomposites made by dispersion of nano-metric hydrophilic silica particles in a soft hydrophobic polymer matrix of styrene/butadiene (SB), which is commonly used in car tire manufacturing. Since coating agents can react with the filler surface tuning the silica-silica and the silica-polymer interactions, they have been used to promote the compatibility between silica and SB. Firstly, we investigate “simplified industrial nanocomposites” obtained by solid mixing of SB and millimetric silica pellets. By a multiscale approach (microscopy and X-ray scattering, SAXS) we show that: i) the presence of a catalyzer (DPG) unambiguously amplifies the action of the coating agent; ii) the increase of silane content induces the progressive decrease of silica aggregate size. The study of the simplified industrial nanocomposites has been extended to a silica/SB model system. We developed an efficient method to surface-modify colloidal silica NPs in ethanol/water, to stabilize them in the same solvent (MEK) used to dissolve the polymer, and to obtain the final model nanocomposite by solvent casting. For the structural characterization of this multi-step system, we propose a combined SAXS-reverse Monte Carlo approach which allows to investigate the dispersion state of surface-modified silica NPs in precursor solvents (i.e., ethanol/water and MEK) and in the polymer matrix. The filler dispersion is influenced by the characteristics of the grafted silane molecule (varying hydrophobicity, grafting function, and density) and it is shown the quality of the dispersion state is maintained from the precursor suspension to the nanocomposite. Moreover, Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) has been used to investigate the role of silane coating agents in the segmental dynamics of model nanocomposites. We show that the silane molecules can act as plasticizers in pure styrene-butadiene matrices, inducing a significant decrease of the glass transition temperature. We also prove that the chemical surface-modification of the fillers does not affect the segmental dynamics (α-relaxation) in nanocomposites, whereas the presence of “free” silane molecules in the polymer bulk can induce a detectable plasticization effect
Zhang, Zhen. "Modification de la surface des nanocristaux de cellulose par estérification et polymérisation ATRP pour des applications avancées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0653/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, the surface functionalization of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) by esterification and ATRP reactions was envisaged, with the objective to develop novel advanced materials. A convenient method to characterize the polymers grafted on CNC by Si-ATRP has been first developed, based on DLS, DSC and TGA analyses. The efficiency of the SI-ATRP and SI-ARGET ATRP methods to initiate the grating of polystyrene (PS) or poly(4-vinylpyridine) (P4VP) at the CNC surface were then compared. The pH-responsive P4VP-g-CNC nano-hybrids were subsequently utilized to stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), in view of producing recyclable catalysts. The catalytic activity of the Au@P4VP-g-CNC material – tested with the reduction of 4-nitrophenol – was significantly improved compared with single AuNPs. UV-responsive poly(cinnamoyloxy ethyl methacrylate) (PCEM) polymers were also grafted on CNC, to produce particles with UV absorbing properties. The PCEM-g-CNC nano-hybrids obtained turned out to be efficient UV/thermal stabilizers and reinforcing agents in PVC films. Finally, a facile method to prepare colloidosomes from w/o inverse Pickering emulsions stabilized by cinnamate-modified CNC was proposed. Colloidosomes with robust shells and allowing the slow release of encapsulated molecules such as rhodamine B or fluorescent deoxyribonucleic acid were then obtained
Sallet, Pauline. "Modification chimique de surface de microcapsules de parfum en vue d’une vectorisation ciblée." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEI020.
Повний текст джерелаColloidal suspensions are of paramount significance in industrial applications. They are employed in various domains like paintings, inks, pigments, pharmacology, cosmetics, food,textile, composite materials or waste water treatment. Properties of colloids strongly depend on parameters such as the chemical composition, dimensions or morphology. To confer additional features to the colloids, i.e. stability, compatibilization, targeting, stealth properties and so on, it is also crucial to tailor their surface functionalization. In this work, we intend to develop a methodology allowing for tuning the surface properties of highly cross-linked fragrance microcapsules to graft polysaccharides. To do so, the first objective of this work is to identify functionalities at the surface (of the colloids) amenable to post-modifications. Based on this crucial insight, suitable surface chemistries are further explored to impart new properties to the colloids. Thus the presence of amine functions is highlighted by ninhydrine tests and then exploited to incorporate new functionalities at the surface of colloids.Incorporation of fluorescent tags (such as Rhodamine Isothiocyanate, RITC), intermediate polymer epoxy chains (α,ω-epoxy functionalized polyethylene glycol or PGMA) are performed. Depending on the nature of the moieties to be grafted, the resulting colloids are subsequently characterized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM), FTIR, XPS, and RAMAN Spectroscopy. After this first step of functionnalization, epoxy rings at the surface are used to postgraft polysaccharides
Zhang, Jinming. "Surface chemistry study on the SOEC electrodes during high-temperature H2O electrolysis." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2024. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2024/ZHANG_Jinming_2024_ED222.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the electrochemical performance and surface chemistry of advanced Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells (SOECs), with particular emphasis on the behavior of Ni/YSZ electrodes in water electrolysis. SOECs hold significant potential for hydrogen production through water electrolysis and energy storage, while Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs) use hydrogen for power generation. Given the cost-effectiveness, thermal compatibility, and high conductivity of nickel-based composites, widely used in industrial applications, this research concentrates on improving these materials through surface modification. Using Near Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (NAP-XPS), the interaction between Ni/YSZ electrodes and water vapor under both open-circuit and polarization conditions was investigated. Modifications to traditional porous Ni/YSZ cathodes were made to directly observe the functional electrode areas near the YSZ electrolyte. Results revealed dynamic changes in the oxidation states and composition of Ni/YSZ in H2 and H2O atmospheres. Additionally, the study emphasizes the impact of electrode oxidation on degradation during electrolysis and highlights the relationship between the nickel surface oxidation state and the cell’s electrochemical performance. Cerium-based nanoparticles (NPs) were introduced to modify the surface of Ni/YSZ electrodes. Two types of NPs—Ni-doped ceria (NiCeOx) and undoped ceria (CeOy)—were synthesized and used to impregnate pre-fabricated Ni/YSZ cermet electrodes. The comparative study demonstrated that NiCeOx exhibited superior performance due to enhanced dispersion and reduced particle size. Synchrotron results further showed that Ni doping altered the redox properties of ceria, leading to stronger reduction of Ni/YSZ compared to CeOy, which increased the number of active sites and improved electrolysis efficiency. Additionally, the thesis presents experimental trials involving vanadium and cobalt-doped ceria nanoparticles, although their performance enhancements were limited. Finaly the surface state of La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ (LSCF) electrodes were explored, focusing on Sr segregation. The study also examined Pr6O11 as a potential alternative electrocatalyst for SOEC applications. Overall, the research highlights the significant impact of nanoparticle surface modifications on the electrochemical performance of electrodes in water electrolysis, revealing substantial improvements in both efficiency and stability. The combination of innovative material design and advanced characterization techniques offers valuable insights for the future of sustainable energy solutions
Coupillaud, Paul. "Reactive Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) and Nanostructures from PIL-based Block Copolymers." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0185/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD work is to expand the scope of engineered imidazolium-based poly(ionicliquid)s (PILs) and their related PIL-block copolymers (PIL BCPs).The use of the imidazolium-based PILs as true reactive polymers for organocatalysis and post-chemicalmodification is first described. Miscellaneous air-stable PIL derivatives featuring various counter-anions(e.g. bromides, hydrogen carbonates, carboxylates), including homopolymers, statistical copolymers ofstyrenic-type and crosslinked copolymer networks have been specifically designed by relatively simplesynthetic strategies. The generation of related polymer-supported N-heterocyclic carbenes, poly(NHC)s,enables comparing the catalytic performances in selected organocatalyzed reactions. Specific polystyrenebasedcoPILs can be also stoichiometrically derivatized by post-chemical modification using variouselectrophilic substrates (e.g. CS2, isothiocyanate, transition metals).A novel family of imidazolium-based PIL BCPs, namely poly(vinyl acetate)-b-poly(N-vinyl-3-alkylimidazolium bromide)s synthesized by CMRP, is then described. The ability of these compounds toself-assemble into various types of mesostructures in bulk or in solution has been demonstrated. Ionicconductivity measurements evidenced the influence of sample preparation and measurement conditions.The behavior in solution evidenced via the ionic responsiveness of the PIL block but also by post-chemicalmodification of the hydrophobic poly(vinyl acetate) block into hydrophilic poly(vinyl alcohol) theformation of various micelle-like nanostructures.Keywords: Poly(ionic liquid)s, Block copolymers, Imidazolium, Organocatalysis, Post-polymerizationmodification, Self-assembly, Ionic conductivity, Gold nanoparticles
El objetivo de esta tesis fue el desarrollo de polímeros de ingeniería iónicoslíquidos (pils) y tipo imidazolio una nueva familia de copolímeros de bloques relacionados.Lager tipo imidazolio fueron utilizados como reactivos para la catálisis orgánica ymodificación química de polímeros después de la polimerización. Varios compuestos(homopolímeros, copolímeros aleatorios de tipo estireno, polímeros reticulados) estable en elaire, contra de la realización diversos aniones (bromuros, bicarbonatos, carboxilatos), hansido especialmente diseñadas utilizando estrategias de síntesis relativamente simple. Se utilizóla generación de carbenos N-heterocíclicos soportado sobre polímeros (poli (NHC) s) paracomparar el rendimiento catalítico de estos precursores de referencia a través de reacciones decatálisis orgánica. Específicamente, los copolímeros de tipo estireno también se puedenfuncionalizar sustratos por polimerización posterior estequiométricamente con diferenteselectrófilos (por ejemplo, metales CS2, isotiocianato, de transición).Una nueva familia de copolímero de bloque que contiene un poli (acetato de vinilo) y unbloque de poli (bromuro de N-vinil-3-alquilimidazolio) se sintetizó en CMRP. La capacidadde estos compuestos a auto-ensamblan en varias mesoestructuras como entonces se demostrósolución en masa. Mediciones de conductividad iónica han demostrado la influencia de lascondiciones de preparación y medición de la muestra en los valores obtenidos. Elcomportamiento en solución por el bloque PIL reactividad de iones, y la modificaciónquímica del bloque hidrófobo de poli (acetato de vinilo) hidrófilo poli (alcohol vinílico)permitió la formación de nanoestructuras diferentes micelares.Palabras clave: polímeros líquidos iónicos, copolímeros de bloque, imidazolio, catálisisorgánica, Cambiar post-polimerización, auto-ensamblaje, conductividad iónica, lasnanopartículas de oro
Vargas, Hernandez Jesus. "Structural and Morphological modification of TiO2 doped metal ions and investigation of photo-induced charge transfer processes." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1018/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis work is focused on the synthesis methods of titanium dioxide nanostructures and their physico-chemical studies in order to point out the correlations between the morphology, metal doping, structural features with the photocatalytic efficiency. The great interest on TiO2 nanomaterials deals with new sources of energy or in the environment preservation through the photocatalytic properties. However, the main limitations is due to the wide band gap (~3.2 eV) of the anatase polymorph. Thus, a major objective for improvement of the performance of TiO2 nanomaterials is to increase theirphotoactivity by shifting the onset of the electron-hole pairs creation from UV to the visible range. Moreover, it was found that using onedimensional (1-D) TiO2 (nanotubes) improved the charge collection by 1D nanostructures which consequently minimizes the recombination and prolongate the electron lifetimes. The first part of this work is focused on the synthesis of TiO2 nanopowders doped with metallic ions (Ag, Cu, Eu) prepared by Solgel. Even with different doping elements which apparently can adopt the same valence state (2+) such as (Cu2+, Ag2+,Eu2+), different behaviors were demonstrated for the effective incorporation of these ions in the host structure of TiO2. The discrepancy between ionic radii of the different used elements modulates the ratio of the substitutional doping. This is indeed achieved for Cu2+ but in less extent for Ag2+ while Europium ions form segregated phase as Eu2Ti2O7. The experiments on the degradation of methylene blue (MB)dyes have shown slight improvement with Ag-doped samples. The reason was tentatively attributed to the Ag clusters which were indeed demonstrated through their plasmon optical band. The second part of the work concerns thin films of TiO2 doped (Cu, Ag, and Eu) which were elaborated by spin coating and dip coating. The optimal parameters were obtained to achieve crystalline films but presenting mesoporous organisation which also depends on the doping process. Photocatalysis investigations were also realized and the efficiency of the films compared as function of the doping elements.The third part of the thesis is related to the morphological modification from nanoparticles to nanotubes by using the hydrothermal method with controlled pressure. An experimental design based on Taguchi Method was employed for the determination of the optimal parameters. TiO2 nanotubes increase the surface area in comparison with TiO2nanoparticles. TiO2 nanotubes were tested for the methylene blue degradation and show a higher photocatalytic efficiency than TiO2 nanopowders and TIO2 doped with Ag
Hugounenq, Pierre. "Toxicologie des nanoparticules d'oxyde de fer : impact des modifications de surface." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066643.
Повний текст джерелаPotential hazard of nanoparticles is a key society challenge, particularly because the relation between exposure, dose and toxicity of nanoparticles is far to be clearly established. In particular, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles are of great interest since they are already used in nanomedecine as commercial contrast agent for MRI or as heating agents in magnetic hyperthermia. In this thesis, we investigate the relation between surface properties of nanoparticles and their interactions with human cells. We have synthesized maghemite nanoparticles in sizes ranging from 6 to 50nm, with a spherical or flower-like shape and possessing various coatings, which control their surface charge densities and their aggregation state in biological media. The nanoparticles physical properties have been measured with a panel of techniques allowing us to fully characterize their size, specific surface area and crystallinity. The influence of these parameters on their toxicity has been investigated on adenocarcinomic human alveolar epithelial cells. Cellular viability tests and oxidative stress measurements show that the nanoparticles express a low toxicity. Only the positive nanoparticles show a significant cytotoxicity on the cells. The role of the coating and aggregation on the nanoparticles-cell interaction has been highlighted, showing thus that a deep characterization of the nanoparticles is necessary prior to any toxicity testing. The nanoflowers show not only a low toxicity but also exceptional properties as MRI contrast agents and magnetic hyperthermia vectors. Their use in biomedical application is therefore very promising
Singh, Fouran. "Synthesis and modifications of metal-silica nanocomposites by ion irradiation." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112263.
Повний текст джерелаThe nucleation of metal nanoparticles in silica or glasses under the effect of electronic excitations produced by ion irradiation and the modifications of particles size or shape were investigated for different energy densities and metal concentrations. It was shown that low densities of excitations generated by ions of a few MeV are sufficient for precipitating noble metals in glasses or transition metals in a silica gel. A model was proposed for explaining the precipitation kinetics. Irradiation with more energetic ions is necessary for promoting the reduction of oxidable elements as Fe in a stoichiometric silica matrix. It proves more efficient than heat treatments in a reducing atmosphere at high temperature and the obtained nanostructure is more interesting for the magnetic recording of information because of the narrow size distribution of the particles and of their alignment parallel to ion tracks. Depending on the concentration and size of the particles before irradiation, a dissolution or a growth or an elongation parallel to the tracks is observed in composites. These processes have been explained on basis of calculations of the thermal exchanges during the transient thermal spike resulting from electron-phonon coupling. Another process, the hammering of the matrix, is responsible of the modification of magnetic anisotropy of films containing limited concentrations of Fe or FePt particles
Perrier, Thomas. "Modifications de nanocapsules lipidiques par des procédés post-formulation : Elaboration de vecteurs multifonctionnels de médicaments." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689362.
Повний текст джерелаMeyer, Thomas. "Caractérisation électrochimique et spectroscopique de protéines membranaires immobilisées sur des nanomatériaux." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAF004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe field of bioenergetics concerns the study of exchange and transformation of energy in living organisms. This manuscript proposes an electrochemical and spectroscopic study of the fourth complex of the respiratory chain, the terminal oxidases. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of some properties of these enzymes (potential of the cofactors, pH dependency…) on the catalytic mechanism. The first part describes an immobilization procedure which retains the protein activity and structure. This procedure has been applied for the study the inhibition of the proton pathways of cytochrome aa3 oxidase from P. denitrificans and shows the importance of proton transfer on the oxygen reduction. In a second study, two isoforms of cytochrome cbb3 oxidase were compared. No differences were observed between them until now. Our electrochemically induced FTIR spectroscopy study suggests the implication of different acidic residues during the redox reaction implying differences in the mechanism of these enzymes. The last part deals with the comparison of terminal oxidases of different types and shows the influence of the relative order of the midpoint potentials of the hemes on the oxygen reduction
Boucly, Anthony. "Catalytical reactions and environmental chemistry modifications as seen by synchrotron radiation NAP-XPS." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066237/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe NAP-XPS is a revolutionary new tool that makes possible to use the advantages of a standard XPS analysis (sensitivity to the different chemical elements as well as their states) at a near-ambient pressure (mbar range) thus enabling in situ studies closer to real conditions. Two fields fully benefit from this new machine: environmental chemistry and catalysis. In our case for the field of environmental chemistry we are interested in studying the hydration of so-called swelling clays. I have here demonstrated that it is indeed possible to follow the hydration of counter-ions and highlighted different behavior according to their natures. Moreover, I have been able to demonstrate a beam induced pyridine photolysis phenomenon in the presence of water in these confined media. Concerning catalysis, I studied the oxidation of CO on nanocatalysts composed in particular of platinum an excellent catalyst but sensitive to the CO poisoning. This reaction is for us a prototypical reaction to test the behavior of Pt, Zn, PtZn nanocatalysts. Here, I have been able to determine the onset temperature of the CO oxidation reaction. Moreover, by adding zinc to platinum and forming a bimetallic nanocatalyst, I have improved its resistance to oxidation and proved that zinc alone is also capable of catalyzing the oxidation of CO in the form of creation / destruction of carbonate
Iancu, Mihaela-Nicoleta. "Modificǎri chimice ale polizaharidelor pentru obținerea de noi sisteme polimer-principiu activ." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO10024.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis is entitled “Chemical modifications of polysaccharides for the obtaining of new drug-polymer systems“. The topic of research includes four main working axes, diverted from the major objective to synthesize and characterize new drug delivery systems. The first chapter treats the optimization of the preparation method of stable simple W/O emulsions and multiple W/O/W emulsions, based on polysaccharides (starch and 2-hydroxyethyle cellulose). We also studied the process of caffeine release outside the multiple emulsions particles and the influence of starch in the internal aqueous phase stage upon the stability and the drug release kinetics. The second chapter studies the obtaining of new active principles from aminoacid and their immobilization on polysaccharides by covalent coupling. The new drug-polymer conjugates were characterized by spectral, physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity, in vivo toxicity, immobilization efficiency and I vitro drug release kinetics. The last chapter treats the synthesis of the chitosan derivatives with maleic anhydride or acrylic acid, and their use in the preparation of hydrogels as film and nanoparticles by copolymerization with 2-hydroxymethacrilate or N-isopropyl acrylamide. The derivatives were evaluated by determining the degree of functionalization and by spectral methods. The nanosystems were characterized by measurements of zeta potential, swelling and adhesion capacity and membership and in vitro drug release kinetics. All experimental results were supported by important bibliographic studies
D'Orléans, Céline. "Elaboration par implantation ionique de nanoparticules de cobalt dans la silice et modifications de leurs propriétés sous irradiation d'électrons et d'ions de haute énergie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13101.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to investigate the capability of ion irradiations to elaborate magnetic nanoparticles in silica layers, and to modify their properties. Co+ ions have been implanted at 160 keV at fluences of 2. 1016, 5. 1016 and 1017 at. Cm-2, and at temperatures of 77, 295 and 873K. The dependence of the particle size on the implantation fluence, and more significantly on the implantation temperature has been shown. TEM observations have shown a mean diameter varying from 1 nm to 9. 7 nm for implantations at 2. 1016 Co+. Cm-2 at 77K, and at 1017 Co+. Cm-2 at 873K respectively. Thermal treatments induce the ripening of the particles. Swift heavy ion irradiations also induces the ripening of the particles for low fluences, and an elongation of the particles for high fluences, resulting in a magnetic anisotropy. Mechanisms invoked in thermal spike model could also explain this anisotropic growth
Benghorieb, Soulef. "Modélisation des modifications des propriétés optiques de nouveaux matériaux nanostructurés par des particules métalliques." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STET4002.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is devoted to modeling of the optical properties of nanostructured dielectrics by metal particles. We interested in two aspects of the problem: the determination of effective index and field distribution of plasmon nanoparticles dispersed in such media. We have developed two numerical approaches. The first is devoted to the simulation of real and imaginary parts of the effective index of heterogeneous medium. In order to compare experience and theory, we have proposed an experimental approach to measure the effective refractive index of colloidal solutions containing metal or semiconductor nanospheres. The second aspect deals with the method of extraction of the field plasmon on the surface of metal nanosphere when it is excited by electromagnetic plane wave. The calculated effective index and field plasmon are done in function of characteristic parameters of nanoparticles and host matrix
D'ORLEANS, Céline. "Elaboration par implantation ionique de nanoparticules de cobalt dans la silice et modifications de leurs propriétés sous irradiation d'électrons et d'ions de haute énergie." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006290.
Повний текст джерелаBeranger, Murielle. "Etude des modifications de matériaux sous impact d'ions et d'agrégats de haute énergie par excitations électroniques géantes : cas de MgO contenant des nanoprécipités de métal alcalin." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10168.
Повний текст джерелаSantos, José Augusto Lucena dos. "Síntese e caracterização de pontos quânticos de CdS, CdSe E CdTe para aplicação em células solares." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/143887.
Повний текст джерелаThis work was developed in two stages: i) synthesis, characterization and application of CdS, CdSe and CdTe quantum dots to assemble solar cells, ii) surface modification, characterization and application of CdSe quantum dots to assemble solar cells. The quantum dots were synthesized by using cadmium acetate, Se, S or Te as precursors and oleic acid as stabilizing agent. In the second stage the oleic acid capping layer was replaced by other ligands with higher electron affinity to Cd2+: 3-mercaptopropionic acid, 4-mercaptobenzoic acid and 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid. The samples were characterized by UV-Vis, fluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometry and cyclic voltammetry. Additionally, solubility tests, TGA analysis and NMR were performed to evaluate the CdSe surface modification. The results showed that all quantum dots synthesized are adequate to sensitize TiO2 in photovoltaic devices. However, CdSe and CdTe quantum dots presented better quantum confinement and the exciton generated in CdSe presented the higher stability. NMR analysis provided information about the non-preferential orientation for adsorption of the ligands on the CdSe surface, meanwhile measurements of current vs. potential and incident photon current efficiency showed a weak dependence of photovoltaic device efficiency with the nature of the ligand. On the other side, the surface modification favors the solubility in solvents with different polarizabilities, including water, widening the range for applications of the quantum dots synthesized in this work.
Nikkuni, Flavio. "Caractérisation du vieillissement de nanoparticules de Pt/C ou PtCo/C. Effets des modifications morphologiques et de composition sur l'électrocatalyse de la réaction de réduction de l'oxygène." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00961782.
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