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Статті в журналах з теми "Modes of measurement"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 18 травня 2024

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1

Jia, Peizhi, Bin Zhang, Qibo Feng, and Fajia Zheng. "Simultaneous Measurement of 6DOF Motion Errors of Linear Guides of CNC Machine Tools Using Different Modes." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 18, 2020): 3439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123439.

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Based on the prior work on the six degrees of freedom (6DOF) motion errors measurement system for linear axes, and for the different types of machine tools and different installation methods, this study used a ray tracing idea to establish the measurement models for two different measurement modes: (1) the measurement head is fixed and the target mirror moves and (2) the target mirror is fixed and the measurement head moves. Several experiments were performed on the same linear guide using two different measurement modes. The comparative experiments show that the two measurement modes and their corresponding measurement models are correct and effective. In the actual measurement process, it is therefore possible to select the corresponding measurement model according to the measurement mode. Furthermore, the correct motion error evaluation results can be obtained.

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2

Chen, W. Y., R. L. McIlwain, D. H. Miller, C. R. Ng, E. I. Shibata, W. M. Yao, K. Sparks, et al. "Measurement of Ds decay modes." Physics Letters B 226, no. 1-2 (August 1989): 192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90312-2.

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3

Bovensmann, H., J. P. Burrows, M. Buchwitz, J. Frerick, S. Noël, V. V. Rozanov, K. V. Chance, and A. P. H. Goede. "SCIAMACHY: Mission Objectives and Measurement Modes." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 56, no. 2 (January 1999): 127–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<0127:smoamm>2.0.co;2.

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4

Sommerfeldt, Scott D., and Dong Lin. "Estimating radiation modes for broadband measurement." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 105, no. 2 (February 1999): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.425099.

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5

Ricca, Bernard, Gabriel Weinreich, and Nicholas R. Michael. "Precision measurement of violin string modes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86, S1 (November 1989): S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2027387.

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6

Szewczyk, Arkadiusz. "Measurement of Noise in Supercapacitors." Metrology and Measurement Systems 24, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 645–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mms-2017-0059.

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AbstractA developed method and measurement setup for measurement of noise generated in a supercapacitor is presented. The requirements for noise data recording are considered and correlated with working modes of supercapacitors. An example of results of low-frequency noise measurements in commercially available supercapacitors are presented. The ability of flicker noise measurements suggests that they can be used to assess quality of tested supercapacitors.

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7

Pasch, S., R. Leister, M. Egner, L. Büttner, J. Czarske, and J. Kriegseis. "Comparative Accuracy Study Of LDV Profile-Sensor Acquisition Modes And Particle Diameters." Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Application of Laser and Imaging Techniques to Fluid Mechanics 20 (July 11, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.20th.113.

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The laser Doppler velocity profile sensor (LDV-PS) system offers the possibility to measure flow velocities with high spatial resolution and is therefore a promising method for the investigation of flows with high velocity gradients. The present experimental study revolves around the interplay between a broad range of chosen LDV-PS acquisition parameters, the dynamic velocity range within the observed measurement volume, and the accuracy of the velocity and position estimation from an application perspective. In the chosen set-up, thin wires of different diameters rotate at varying velocity levels and are captured instead of tracer particles by the applied system. It is observed that constant sample rate and number for the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) evaluation of the detected burst signal allow straightforward measurements of unknown velocity profiles, but imply a velocity-dependent spatial measurement uncertainty. In contrast, velocity-adjusted acquisition settings allow to acquire particle bursts with equal signal resolution and length effecting a constant measurement accuracy at all velocity levels when adjusted appropriately. The position standard deviation is furthermore observed to increase with the wire diameter.Hence, the size of the scattering object should be chosen appropriately small during calibration and measurement. The gained knowledge offers the possibility to adapt the evaluation parameters more specifically to a given measurement problem.Consequently, measurements can be conducted in flows with small velocities with a high spacial resolution, when the FFT parameters and processing routines are adjusted accordingly, small particles are chosen and vibrations in the set-up are avoided.

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8

Lecieux, Yann, Dominique Leduc, Corentin Guigot, Marc François, and Cyril Lupi. "Whispering gallery modes for 3D strain measurement." Optics & Laser Technology 149 (May 2022): 107862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.107862.

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9

Gaidarzhy, Alexei, Jérôme Dorignac, Guiti Zolfagharkhani, Matthias Imboden, and Pritiraj Mohanty. "Energy measurement in nonlinearly coupled nanomechanical modes." Applied Physics Letters 98, no. 26 (June 27, 2011): 264106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3604797.

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10

Hurt, Daniel, Shi Li, and Andreas Amann. "Versatile SQUID Susceptometer With Multiple Measurement Modes." IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 49, no. 7 (July 2013): 3541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2013.2241029.

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11

Duch, Raymond, Denise Laroze, Thomas Robinson, and Pablo Beramendi. "Multi-modes for Detecting Experimental Measurement Error." Political Analysis 28, no. 2 (October 14, 2019): 263–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pan.2019.34.

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Experiments should be designed to facilitate the detection of experimental measurement error. To this end, we advocate the implementation of identical experimental protocols employing diverse experimental modes. We suggest iterative nonparametric estimation techniques for assessing the magnitude of heterogeneous treatment effects across these modes. And we propose two diagnostic strategies—measurement metrics embedded in experiments, and measurement experiments—that help assess whether any observed heterogeneity reflects experimental measurement error. To illustrate our argument, first we conduct and analyze results from four identical interactive experiments: in the lab; online with subjects from the CESS lab subject pool; online with an online subject pool; and online with MTurk workers. Second, we implement a measurement experiment in India with CESS Online subjects and MTurk workers.

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12

Törmä, P., S. Stenholm, and I. Jex. "Measurement and preparation using two probe modes." Physical Review A 52, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 4812–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.52.4812.

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13

Neely, Andy. "Three modes of measurement: theory and practice." International Journal of Business Performance Management 1, no. 1 (1998): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijbpm.1998.004544.

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14

Rafikov, V. R., I. E. Ivanov, A. Yu Murzin, and D. M. Dubinin. "Algorithms of estimation of turbogenerator synchronous reactance and criteria of selecting proper synchrophasor measurement data sets." Vestnik IGEU, no. 5 (October 31, 2023): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2072-2672.2023.5.051-061.

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To enhance power system dependability and efficiency, it is of great importance to obtain correct parameters of the models of key power system components such as a synchronous generator (SG). Technology of synchronized phasor measurements allows us to estimate the SG model parameters through measurements in power system steady states and transients states, without switching the SG off and conducting complex testing procedures. The theory of electric circuits and electric machines, theory of optimization and statistics, and matrix algebra are applied in this study. The developed parameter estimation method has been implemented in the MATLAB software. The method has been verified through real-world measurements captured by a phasor measurement unit installed at a large power plant in the United Power System. This paper presents an algorithm of the turbogenerator synchronous reactance estimation via a set of synchrophasor data taken under steady-state conditions. Also, the paper considers the criteria for an appropriate data array ensuring successful parameter estimation. An algorithm has been developed and implemented in MATLAB software package. To improve the parameter estimation accuracy, an algorithm has been proposed to modify a nominal value for the SG no-load excitation current depending on the heating of the field winding. The algorithm has been successfully tested out based on a set of steady state synchrophasor data captured for one of the turbogenerators in the Russian United Power System. The authors have developed and analyzed quantitative criteria to determine a set of measured parameters of steady-state modes, providing the most accurate results of the turbogenerator synchronous reactance. The developed algorithm allows accurate update of the turbogenerator synchronous parameters through synchrophasor measurements recorded in a steady state modes of electric power systems. Using the criteria for selecting phasor data, it seems possible to automate the process of generating a data array of measurement of various steady-state modes necessary for identification. The proposed procedure that considers the field winding temperature can be employed in math models to estimate SG transient and subtransient parameters based on phasor measurements in transient modes of electric power systems.

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15

Krug, F., S. Braun, and P. Russer. "A novel quasi-peak-detector for time-domain EMI-measurements." Advances in Radio Science 2 (May 27, 2005): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-2-27-2004.

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Abstract. In this paper, an advanced ultra-fast, broadband time domain EMI measurement system is described. Measurements were performed in the 30–1000MHz range. The digital signal processing of EMI measurements allows to emulate in real-time the modes of conventional analogous equipment, e.g. Peak-, Average-, RMS- and Quasi-Peak- Detector. With the presented time domain measurement system the measurement time can be reduced by a factor of 10. A novel signal recording routine for time-domain EMI (TDEMI) measurements and Quasi-Peak-Detection is described. Measurement results obtained from the investigation of a drillmachine, monitor and laptop obtained with the timedomain electromagnetic interference (TDEMI) measurement system are discussed. The results obtained with the described system have been compared with measurements performed with a conventional EMI receiver.

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16

Kříž, M., M. Linda, J. Svatoš, and M. Hromasová. "Application of 3D cameras in agriculture when evaluating the quality of soil tillage." Research in Agricultural Engineering 62, No. 2 (June 30, 2016): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4/2014-rae.

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The paper deals with the evaluation of data collected by scanning the agricultural surface with a 3D Photonic Mixer Device (PMD) camera with IFM company electronics and a resolution of 64 × 50 pixels in different scanning modes. After short introduction various methods of measuring of soil surface characteristics are presented. These methods are laser, photogrammetric and radar measurement followed by experimental measurement by kinect system and O3D201 3D camera using the Photonic Mixer Device (PMD) technology. For 3D calibration measurements of the camera a quartered pyramid model was used. Measurement results before and after the field testing area soil tillage are presented.

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17

Schlegel, Christian, Gabriela Kiekenap, Holger Kahmann, and Rolf Kumme. "Mechanical influences in sinusoidal force measurement." ACTA IMEKO 4, no. 2 (June 29, 2015): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v4i2.206.

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The paper describes mechanical influences which disturb a sinusoidal force calibration and hence have an influence on measurement uncertainty. The measurements are based on the application of a scanning vibrometer and the use of triaxial accelerometers. The measuring of many acceleration points on the top mass of the transducer makes it possible to obtain acceleration distributions from which a standard deviation can be derived; the triaxial accelerometer allows the observance of certain effects, like rocking modes, or other problems related to specific excitation frequencies of the force transducer. Both measurements can be related to each other. The rocking effects are discussed with FEM model calculations.

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18

Oji, Hiroshi, Yosuke Taniguchi, Sayaka Hirayama, Hironori Ofuchi, Masashi Takagaki, and Tetsuo Honma. "Automatic XAFS measurement system developed at BL14B2 in SPring-8." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 19, no. 1 (November 15, 2011): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049511042518.

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A novel XAFS measurement system has been developed in which XAFS measurements can be performed including sample-loading and detector adjustments. With this system, XAFS measurements of up to 80 samples in both transmission and fluorescence modes can be carried out. The adjustment of the optical components has also been automated. It not only saves manpower and measurement time, but also improves the accuracy and reliability of sample alignments.

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19

Zimmerman, D. C., S. W. Smith, H. M. Kim, and T. J. Bartkowicz. "An Experimental Study of Structural Health Monitoring Using Incomplete Measurements." Journal of Vibration and Acoustics 118, no. 4 (October 1, 1996): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2888333.

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In this paper, algorithmic approaches to enhance structural health monitoring capability when faced with incomplete measurements are addressed. The incomplete measurement problem has two aspects: (i) experimental measurement of a lesser number of modes of vibration than that of the analytical model and (ii) experimental measurement of a lesser number of degrees of freedom than that of the analytical model. Studies comparing model reduction, eigenvector expansion, and a hybrid model reduction/eigenvector expansion to address the second contribution are performed using experimental data. These approaches to the incomplete measurement problem are evaluated within the frameworks of multiple-constraint matrix adjustment (both sparsity and nonsparsity preserving algorithms) and minimum rank perturbation theory, which are both applicable for model refinement as well as damage location. Experimental evaluation of the proposed approaches utilize data from the NASA Langley Research Center 8-bay truss and McDonnell Douglas Aerospace 10-bay truss facilities.

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20

Larsen, Mikkel V., Xueshi Guo, Casper R. Breum, Jonas S. Neergaard-Nielsen, and Ulrik L. Andersen. "Deterministic generation of a two-dimensional cluster state." Science 366, no. 6463 (October 17, 2019): 369–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay4354.

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Measurement-based quantum computation offers exponential computational speed-up through simple measurements on a large entangled cluster state. We propose and demonstrate a scalable scheme for the generation of photonic cluster states suitable for universal measurement-based quantum computation. We exploit temporal multiplexing of squeezed light modes, delay loops, and beam-splitter transformations to deterministically generate a cylindrical cluster state with a two-dimensional (2D) topological structure as required for universal quantum information processing. The generated state consists of more than 30,000 entangled modes arranged in a cylindrical lattice with 24 modes on the circumference, defining the input register, and a length of 1250 modes, defining the computation depth. Our demonstrated source of two-dimensional cluster states can be combined with quantum error correction to enable fault-tolerant quantum computation.

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21

Tian, Baoqing, Zhiwei You, Guangjie Wang, and Jiangjie Zhang. "Building a geothermal formation model using microtremor array measurement." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 1 (November 18, 2021): B23—B30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0014.1.

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A comprehensive understanding of the internal structure and construction of a geomechanical formation model play an important role in developing and using geothermal resources. Formation models help in identifying the channel and cycling modes of the heat flow. Due to urban sprawl and development, constructing a formation model of geothermal resources based on data from traditional geophysical methods is challenging. The microtremor survey method (MSM) is adopted to obtain critical information in Jimo, which is famous for rare seawater geothermal resources in China. Three microtremor survey lines are deployed to identify subsurface structures up to 2 km into the ground. Dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves with frequencies from 0.4 to 10 Hz are extracted using the spatial autocorrelation method. An empirical equation is adopted to obtain the apparent shear wave (S-wave) velocity of each survey point and to plot the apparent S-wave velocity sections. The obtained sections reveal the development of two interacting faults, which form a channel for the heat-flow cycle. Two conceptual models are established to depict the formation and cycling modes of seawater geothermal resources in Jimo, based on the results and analysis. Our model will help verify the geothermal system and scientifically guide the development of unique geothermal resources. Moreover, the developed model verifies that MSM is effective and dependable for identifying fracture zones and strata.

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22

OKUBO, Nobuyuki, and Takayasu FURUKAWA. "Measurement of rigid body modes for dynamic design." Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering 52, no. 5 (1986): 874–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2493/jjspe.52.874.

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23

Pulov, Dimcho, and Tsanko Karadzhov. "TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT WITH PHOTODIODE IN DIFFERENT OPERATING MODES." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2021): 291–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2021vol3.6556.

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A method for contactless temperature measurement with photodetectors in different operating modes has been developed. It is based on the periodic change of the spectral sensitivity of the photodiode depending on the applied reverse voltage. This is accomplished by switching the photodiode within one measurement from photovoltaic to photoconductive mode. For this purpose, the scheme of the respective electronic key has been developed.

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24

Owens, Eli T., and Karen E. Daniels. "Acoustic measurement of a granular density of modes." Soft Matter 9, no. 4 (2013): 1214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2sm27122b.

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25

Hejtmánek, Vladimír, Olga Šolcová, and Petr Schneider. "Gas permeation in porous solids: Two measurement modes." Chemical Engineering Communications 190, no. 1 (January 2003): 48–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00986440302092.

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26

Eriksson, Mats, and Zafar Iqbal. "Two measurement modes for mobile phone optical sensing." Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 195 (May 2014): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2014.01.005.

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27

Hunt, Bruce J. "Maxwell, Measurement, and the Modes of Electromagnetic Theory." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 45, no. 2 (2014): 303–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2015.45.2.303.

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In 1861–62, James Clerk Maxwell published “On Physical Lines of Force,” in which he laid out a detailed mechanical model of the ether and argued that it could account not only for electromagnetic phenomena but for light as well. In 1864, he followed with “A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field,” in which he derived the electromagnetic equations from general dynamical considerations without invoking any mechanical model of the ether. Why the shift? Did Maxwell regard his mechanical model as mere scaffolding, to be cast aside once it had led him to the proper field equations? Or did he remain committed to the goal of a purely mechanical explanation, but find it useful to free his main results, particularly his electromagnetic theory of light, from dependence on the specifics of an admittedly speculative model? To understand the apparent shift Maxwell’s thinking underwent between 1862 and 1864, I propose that we look closely at what he was doing in 1863. He spent that year working hard for the British Association Committee on Electrical Standards, collaborating with telegraph engineers to establish the value of the ohm and laying the groundwork for measuring the ratio of electrostatic to electromagnetic units, a key quantity in his electromagnetic theory of light. This experience led Maxwell to adopt for a time an engineering approach that focused on establishing relationships between measureable quantities rather than devising hypothetical mechanisms. Maxwell’s electromagnetic work thus had closer ties to the technological context of the day than has generally been recognized.

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28

Maestrini, Vieri, Paolo Maccarrone, Federico Caniato, and Davide Luzzini. "Supplier performance measurement systems: Communication and reaction modes." Industrial Marketing Management 74 (October 2018): 298–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2018.07.002.

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29

Deschamp, Ashley R., Leah Schornick, Charles Clem, Milan Hazucha, Adam J. Shapiro, and Stephanie D. Davis. "A comparison of nasal nitric oxide measurement modes." Pediatric Pulmonology 52, no. 11 (August 16, 2017): 1381–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppul.23780.

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30

Norwood, T. J. "Measurement of the Relaxation Rates of1H Longitudinal Modes." Journal of Magnetic Resonance 125, no. 2 (April 1997): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jmre.1997.1120.

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31

Laxalde, D., F. Thouverez, J. J. Sinou, J. P. Lombard, and S. Baumhauer. "Mistuning Identification and Model Updating of an Industrial Blisk." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2007 (2007): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/17289.

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The results of a complete study of mistuning identification on an industrial blisk are presented. The identification method used here is based on a model-updating technique of a reduced order. This reduced-order model is built using component mode synthesis, and mistuning is introduced as perturbations of the cantilevered-blade modes. The measured modal data are extracted from global measurements of the blisk's forced response. As we use a single point excitation, this measurement procedure allows the acquisition of all the modes of a given family with a quite simple experimental set-up. A selection of the best identified modal data is finally performed. During the mistuning identification procedure, these measured data are regularized using an eigenvector assignment technique which reduces the influence of eventual measurement errors. An inverse problem, based on the perturbed (mistuned) modal equation, is defined with measured modes as input and mistuning parameters as unknown. Then, the reduced-order model is updated with the identified mistuning, we first perform a correlation on modal responses (using eigenfrequency deviation criteria and MACs). Finally, correlation results on forced responses are presented and discussed.

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32

Wegner, Anna, Matthias L. Huhn, Sebastian Mechler, and Philipp Thomas. "Identification of torsional frequencies of a large rotor blade based on measurement and simulation data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2265, no. 3 (May 1, 2022): 032021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2265/3/032021.

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Abstract With increasing size of wind turbines, the aerodynamic and structural properties of the rotor blades become more and more important. However, studies investigating the torsional properties using measurement data and simulation results on full-size turbines are still scarce. In this study, torsional measurements are carried out on a large wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 180 m and compared with model results. In this study, torsional measurements on a large wind turbine with a rotor diameter of 180 m are conducted and compared with model results. Torsional parameters of a rotor blade are identified using two different measurement methods, the first based on strain gauges and the second based on accelerometers. Both methods show frequencies that can be associated with the natural frequencies of the two first torsional modes of the rotor blade. To extract the natural frequencies and to reduce external effects, a manual pitching procedure is evaluated. Here, the first two natural frequencies associated with torsional modes can be identified. In a second step, the behaviour of the blade during power production is investigated and compared with the simulation results.

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33

Miller, D. R., O. H. Han, and P. W. Bohn. "Quantitative Raman Spectroscopy of Homogeneous Molecular Profiles in Optical Waveguides via Direct Measurement." Applied Spectroscopy 41, no. 2 (February 1987): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370287774986886.

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Quantitative measurements of Raman scattering from three-layer asymmetric slab dielectric waveguides made of organic macromolecular materials have been obtained from homogeneous distributions of scatterers as a function of mode by direct measurement of all mode-dependent quantities. For low-order modes, precision of the Raman intensity is limited to ∼5% by uncertainty in the measurement of the coupling coefficient, γ; while for high-order modes, precision was limited at the same level by uncertainty in the integrated electric field due to film-thickness variations. Observation of Raman instead of Rayleigh scatter vs. distance in the waveguide allowed measurement of the optical loss function, α, to be made down to 0.2 dB/cm with less than 1% uncertainty, so it is never the limiting factor.

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34

Gajjar, Gopal R., and Shreevardhan Soman. "Power System Oscillation Modes Identifications: Guidelines for Applying TLS-ESPRIT Method." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 1 (May 30, 2013): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2013-0023.

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Abstract Fast measurements of power system quantities available through wide-area measurement systems enables direct observations for power system electromechanical oscillations. But the raw observations data need to be processed to obtain the quantitative measures required to make any inference regarding the power system state. A detailed discussion is presented for the theory behind the general problem of oscillatory mode indentification. This paper presents some results on oscillation mode identification applied to a wide-area frequency measurements system. Guidelines for selection of parametes for obtaining most reliable results from the applied method are provided. Finally, some results on real measurements are presented with our inference on them.

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35

Sundararajan, N., and R. C. Montgomery. "Experiments Using Lattice Filters to Identify the Dynamics of a Flexible Beam." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 107, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 187–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3140719.

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An approach for identifying the dynamics of large space structures is applied to a free-free beam. In this approach the system’s order is determined on-line, along with mode shapes, using recursive lattice filters which provide a linear least square estimate of the measurement data. The mode shapes determined are orthonormal in the space of the measurements and, hence, are not the natural modes of the structure. To determine the natural modes of the structure, a method based on the fast Fourier transform is used on the outputs of the lattice filter. These natural modes are used to obtain the modal amplitude time series from the measurements. The modal time series provides the input data for an output error parameter identification scheme that identifies the autoregressive moving average (ARMA) parameters of the difference equation model of the modes. Results using this approach for experimentally identifying the dynamics of a flexible beam hardware are presented.

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Yu, Ming, Ling Li Zhang, Yang Li, Xian Guo Yan, and Juan Du. "Study on Vibration Modes and Acoustic Radiation Modes for Air Conditioning Compressor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 141 (November 2011): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.141.64.

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Vibration and radiated sound of Air Conditioning are harmful to environment and safeness. Air Conditioning Compressor is its major part bringing vibration. To lower noise of a compressor and to improve its sound characteristic, the paper probes into a method indirect measurement of vibration, which both vibration and radiation behavior is represented using acoustic signal and theory of radiation modes. The paper investigates on the basic coupling relationship between structural vibration and acoustic radiation by means of the real modal analysis theory. Besides, the vibration and acoustic radiation characteristics of the rotary compressor are identified through the experiment method. According to the experimental results, between the vibration modes and the acoustic radiation modes have the comparability about the parameters. Therefore, this paper put forward a new method to the Active Structural Acoustic Control (ASAC), and provides the theoretical foundation of indirect measurement of vibration by using acoustic signal.

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Kvasnikov, Volodymyr, Dmytro Kvashuk, Mykhailo Prygara, Dmytro Siryy, and Oleksii Shelukha. "Devising a technique for assessing the accuracy of measuring electric motor torque." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, no. 5 (128) (April 30, 2024): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2024.302378.

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The object of this study is a technique for assessing the accuracy of measuring the torques of electric motors. This technique is based on the improvement of dynamic torque measurement processes under transient operating modes. Special attention was paid to devising adaptive methods to normalize the output signal, which take into account vibrations and nonlinearities of the measuring channel. In order to improve the accuracy of measurements under conditions when the controlled parameter has different deviations from its average value, a technique for integrating time measurement intervals was proposed. That has made it possible to generalize parameter fluctuations, providing more stable measurement results. This paper reports the simulation of the process of measuring torques of electric motors under transient operating modes and under vibration conditions. That has made it possible to test the proposed technique for estimating the variance of the methodological error, which includes the integration of measurement time intervals and makes it possible to increase the accuracy of the measurement under the conditions of transient modes in electric motor operation. An algorithm for correcting the error of the dynamic torque of the electric motor has been proposed, which allows it to be corrected. This becomes possible owing to the use of a reference measure and the proposed technique for determining the deviations of the controlled parameter of the measured quantity, as well as the automatic calibration of measuring transducers. The algorithm allows for flexible settings of the corrective action, expanding the potential of electric motor control systems. It can complement soft measurement methods, as well as adjust the threshold values of deviations under different operating modes of electric motors. This allows the measured systems to better adapt to changes in operating conditions, to adjust the specified measurement accuracy under conditions of uncertainty

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38

ALEXANDER, DAVID, and THOMAS TERNDRUP. "Temperature Measurement." Pediatrics 90, no. 4 (October 1, 1992): 649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.4.649b.

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To the Editor.— In the March 1992 issue of Pediatrics, Freed and Fraley published an article entitled, "Lack of Agreement of Tympanic Membrane Temperature Assessments with Conventional Methods in a Private Practice Setting."1 This study concluded that the FIRST Temp thermometer was unreliable, compared with conventional methods of temperature-taking in the private pediatric setting. I would like to raise two methodologic concerns which may have influenced their results. Under "Methods," the authors state that their tympanic thermometer provided a choice of two modes: "tympanic" and "surface," They further state that the tympanic mode was used for all temperature measurements.

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39

Postek, M. T. "Electron detection modes and their relation to linewidth measurement in the Scanning Electron Microscope." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 44 (August 1986): 646–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100144668.

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The basic premise underlying the use of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) for linewidth measurement for semiconductor research and production applications is that the video image acquired, displayed, and ultimately measured reflects accurately the structure of interest. It should be understood that not all the secondary electrons detected originate at the point of impact with the primary electron beam. Those that do are referred to as Type I electrons. Some of the signal is contributed by re-emergent backscattered electrons creating secondary electrons at the surface of the sample (Type II electrons) and at the final lens polepiece (Type III electrons). Other signal contributions include line-of-sight backscattered electrons and other sources particular to each instrument (Type IV electrons). The effects of these four types of contributions to the actual image or linewidth measurement have not been fully evaluated. In measurement applications, error due to the actual location of signal origination will not affect pitch measurements as the errors cancel. However, in linewidth measurement, the errors are additive and thus give twice the edge detection error to the measured width. The basic intent of this work is to demonstrate the magnitude of these errors relative to the mode of signal detection at a variety of beam acceleration voltages.

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40

Lezaca, Jorge E., Patrick Quéffélec, and Alexis Chevalier. "Broadband permeability measurement method for ferrites at any magnetization state: direct problem." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 3 (April 4, 2011): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000341.

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A broadband permeability measurement method based on the full-wave electromagnetic (EM) analysis of a non-reciprocal transmission line is presented. The dispersion diagram for the first significant modes inside the ferrite loaded section of the line is obtained. The presence of magnetostatic modes generated by the magnetized ferrite inside the line is verified. Using a mode matching technique, the theoretical scattering parameters (S-parameters) of the transmission line are calculated. The full-wave analysis is validated with measurements of material properties in limit cases.

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41

Tarczyński, Wiesław, and Ryszard Kopka. "Control Measurements at the Manufacturing of Metallic Products." Solid State Phenomena 180 (November 2011): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.180.232.

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This article presents the developed system for collecting, memorising and analysing of the measurements conducted in a production plant. It describes the algorithm of the software im-plemented on the control panel and managing the work of a single measurement cell. Moreover the procedure of collecting of the measurement results by two modes: automatically and manually and the procedure of estimating of product ratio quality. Mentioned are also the practices for controlling of the communication with the central computer as well as archiving of the collected measurement results.

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42

Kooho Jung, R. L. Campbell, L. A. Hayden, W. R. Eisenstadt, and R. M. Fox. "Evaluation of Measurement Uncertainties Caused by Common and Cross Modes in Differential Measurements Using Baluns." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 56, no. 6 (June 2008): 1485–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2008.923884.

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43

Tsitsos, S., A. A. P. Gibson, and A. H. I. McCormick. "Higher order modes in coupled striplines: prediction and measurement." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 42, no. 11 (1994): 2071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.330121.

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Campillo, A. L., J. W. P. Hsu, C. A. White, and C. D. W. Jones. "Direct measurement of the guided modes in LiNbO3 waveguides." Applied Physics Letters 80, no. 13 (April 2002): 2239–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1464228.

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45

Clothiaux, Eugene E., Kenneth P. Moran, Brooks E. Martner, Thomas P. Ackerman, Gerald G. Mace, Taneil Uttal, James H. Mather, Kevin B. Widener, Mark A. Miller, and Daniel J. Rodriguez. "The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Cloud Radars: Operational Modes." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 16, no. 7 (July 1999): 819–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0426(1999)016<0819:tarmpc>2.0.co;2.

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46

Zherdev, A. A., A. V. Shakurov, A. V. Pushkarev, I. A. Burkov, E. A. Antonov, A. O. Vasilev, and A. G. Belozerov. "Measurement of Characteristics of Cryoprobes under Different Operation Modes." Biomedical Engineering 50, no. 5 (January 2017): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10527-017-9652-4.

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47

Das, Tamoghna, Marcin Karczewski, Antonio Mandarino, Marcin Markiewicz, Bianka Woloncewicz, and Marek Żukowski. "Wave–particle complementarity: detecting violation of local realism with photon-number resolving weak-field homodyne measurements." New Journal of Physics 24, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 033017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac54c8.

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Abstract Nowadays photon-number resolving weak-field homodyne measurements allow realization of emblematic gedankenexperiments revealing correlations of optical fields. This covers experiments on (a) excitation of a pair of spatial modes by a single photon, and (b) two spatial modes in a weakly squeezed vacuum state, involving constant local oscillator strengths. Proving Bell nonclassicality of such correlations demands measurements of complementary observables. We show that typical arrangement of weak-field homodyne detection with measurement settings defined by phases of local oscillators of constant strength does not provide enough complementarity for confirming Bell nonclassicality. In the case of experiment (a) we provide an exact local hidden variable model restoring all quantum probabilities, whereas in the case of experiment (b) we show that the claims of its nonclassicality are unfounded. A full complementarity of wave aspects vs particle (number) can be achieved in a measurement situation in which respectively the local oscillators are on or off. This is shown to lead to an operational scenario, in the case of both experiments (a) and (b), which reveals indisputable violations of local realism. Such schemes may find possible applications in device-independent quantum protocols.

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48

Ostrowski, Mariusz, Bartlomiej Blachowski, Grzegorz Mikułowski, and Łukasz Jankowski. "Influence of Noise in Computer-Vision-Based Measurements on Parameter Identification in Structural Dynamics." Sensors 23, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23010291.

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Nowadays, consumer electronics offer computer-vision-based (CV) measurements of dynamic displacements with some trade-offs between sampling frequency, resolution and low cost of the device. This study considers a consumer-grade smartphone camera based on complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology and investigates the influence of its hardware limitations on the estimation of dynamic displacements, modal parameters and stiffness parameters of bolted connections in a laboratory structure. An algorithm that maximizes the zero-normalized cross-correlation function is employed to extract the dynamic displacements. The modal parameters are identified with the stochastic subspace identification method. The stiffness parameters are identified using a model-updating technique based on modal sensitivities. The results are compared with the corresponding data obtained with accelerometers and a laser distance sensor. The CV measurement allows lower-order vibration modes to be identified with a systematic (bias) error that is nearly proportional to the vibration frequency: from 2% for the first mode (9.4 Hz) to 10% for the third mode (71.4 Hz). However, the measurement errors introduced by the smartphone camera have a significantly lower influence on the values of the identified stiffness parameters than the numbers of modes and parameters taken into account. This is due to the bias–variance trade-off. The results show that consumer-grade electronics can be used as a low-cost and easy-to-use measurement tool if lower-order modes are required.

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49

Shettell, Nathan, Federico Centrone, and Luis Pedro García-Pintos. "Bounding the Minimum Time of a Quantum Measurement." Quantum 7 (November 14, 2023): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2023-11-14-1182.

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Measurements take a singular role in quantum theory. While they are often idealized as an instantaneous process, this is in conflict with all other physical processes in nature. In this Letter, we adopt a standpoint where the interaction with an environment is a crucial ingredient for the occurrence of a measurement. Within this framework, we derive lower bounds on the time needed for a measurement to occur. Our bound scales proportionally to the change in entropy of the measured system, and decreases as the number of of possible measurement outcomes or the interaction strength driving the measurement increases. We evaluate our bound in two examples where the environment is modelled by bosonic modes and the measurement apparatus is modelled by spins or bosons.

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50

Pawliczek, Roland, and Piotr Soppa. "Measurement and Control System for Analysis of the Operation of the Stepper Motor." Solid State Phenomena 260 (July 2017): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.260.113.

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The paper describes a control and measurement system for controlling and analysing operation of a stepper motor. The system design is based on the concept of virtual instrument, where data acquisition and transmission use standard solutions, whereas software serves both as a generator and a measurement system – an oscilloscope. The generator allows efficient control of motor operation in the following control modes: wave, full-step and half-step control. There were no winding powering sequence errors observed. The measurement system allows presenting and analysing voltage waveforms in individual windings with possibility to detect couplings and overvoltages. It was also shown that it is possible to detect locking of rotor rotation.The proposed virtual instruments have open structure, which enables extended analysis based on available measurements or expand range of measurements as long as measurement and control system instrumentation allows that.

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