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Статті в журналах з теми "Modern energy complexes"
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BOBROVNIKOVA, K., and E. TOVSTUKHA. "METHODS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND ENERGY SAVING IN THE SMART HOME SYSTEM." Computer Systems and Information Technologies 1, no. 1 (September 2, 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/csit-2020-1-7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, the efficient use of energy resources is one of the most important tasks. The fastest growing sector of energy consumption in the world is electricity, which is projected to grow by 56% by 2035, and in developed countries almost all the growth is due to the generation and consumption of electricity and heat. Further growth of energy consumption by the population is also expected. At the same time, almost a third of the total energy consumption is made up of certain losses, ie energy is consumed for other purposes. Against the background of global growth in energy consumption, the rate of further accumulation of CO2 emissions will increase. That is why the European Union, United Nations bodies, international financial organizations and the International Energy Agency give priority to energy efficiency issues. To this end, a set of mechanisms and practical tools for economic stimulation of measures to implement modern energy-saving technologies is used at the international level. Smart home is a system for managing the basic life support processes of both small systems (commercial, office premises, apartments, cottages) and large automated complexes (commercial and industrial complexes). One of the important tasks to be solved by the concept of a modern smart home is the problem of energy efficiency and energy saving. Effective control of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, more efficient use of traditional appliances and the introduction of energy-efficient equipment in the building are important to ensure productive, healthy and safe work and life of residents, play an important role in preventing energy loss and reduce impact on the environment. In addition, improving the efficiency of energy management is the only approach to ensuring the energy efficiency and energy saving of many existing buildings that cannot be upgraded according to the requirements of modern construction technologies. The paper presents an overview of modern methods and technologies aimed at ensuring energy efficiency and energy saving in the smart home system.
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Vlasenko, V., and V. Martynov. "PRINCIPLES OF FORMATION OF ENERGY EFFICIENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS." East European Scientific Journal 2, no. 10(74) (November 22, 2021): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31618/essa.2782-1994.2021.2.74.136.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article analyzes the European and Ukrainian modern experience in designing energy efficient housing. The relevance and innovation of designing energy-efficient residential buildings and complexes, as well as its features are determined. The basic principles of designing energy efficient residential buildings are determined.
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Bondarenko, V. I., I. A. Kovalevska, and K. M. Prokopenko. "Modern methods of development of marine gas hydrate deposits." Technium: Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 1 (December 21, 2019): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v1i.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, there has been a trend around the world towards a constant increase in the consumption of fuel and energy resources, in connection with this there is a significant increase in interest in non-traditional methods of extraction of various energy sources. For many countries, this issue is especially relevant, since the price of natural gas supplied from abroad is growing every year, which negatively affects the economy. Therefore, the need to modernize the structure of the oil and gas complexes and to improve the mechanism for the development of the energy segment, which is possible through the introduction and application of the latest gas hydrate technologies, which will provide an opportunity to obtain additional energy, is obvious.
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Filimonova, A. A., A. A. Chichirov, N. D. Chichirova, A. G. Filimonov, and V. V. Kulichikhin. "Modern directions for the development of hydrogen energy technologies." Safety and Reliability of Power Industry 12, no. 2 (August 14, 2019): 89–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24223/1999-5555-2019-12-2-89-96.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydrogen energy combines a set of technologies for the production, transportation, storage and use of a versatile secondary energy carrier — hydrogen. The energy use of hydrogen is formed from the possibilities of environmentfriendly generation of electricity and long-term storage without loss, including on a large scale. Questions related to the consumption of hydrogen as a promising environment-friendly and versatile energy carrier and energy storage in various sectors of the national economy were formulated in the early 70s of the last century after the first oil fuel crisis. It has become obvious that it is necessary to develop new, ecologically optimal energy technologies based on the use of renewable energy sources, nuclear energy, coal and versatile environment-friendly energy carriers, making it possible to replace non-renewable energy resources as these are depleted and become more expensive. Hydrogen as a secondary energy carrier reveals its potential in a global strategy for sustainable energy development in the 21st century, which confronts the challenges of irreversible climate change, unsustainable oil production and increasing environmental pollution. Hydrogen can play a key role in mainline transportation by road and rail, in coastal and international shipping, in air transport, as well as in long-term and seasonal storage of electricity in networks, relying mainly on local renewable energy sources and local raw materials. The decisive element in the commercialization of hydrogen fuel technologies in Russia at the current stage is the formation of cost-effective hydrogen-transport-energy complexes, in particular, within power generating facilities.
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Dovgalyuk, O. М., R. V. Bondarenko, and I. S. Yakovenko. "DEVELOPMENT OF MEASURES TO IMPROVE THE OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY OF AUTONOMOUS LIGHTING COMPLEXES FOR UKRAINIAN HIGHWAYS." Bulletin of the National Technical University "KhPI". Series: Energy: Reliability and Energy Efficiency, no. 1 (1) (December 30, 2020): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20998/2224-0349.2020.01.06.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reducing highway hazards through the creation of modern lighting systems is an important practical task that currently has some difficulties. The rapid development of renewable energy makes it possible to use off-the-shelf solutions to create autonomous lighting complexes for unregulated pedestrian crossings. The analysis of peculiarities of design, constructive structure and operation of autonomous lighting complexes, which are located in Kharkiv region and use renewable energy sources and energy storage systems to power lighting devices and flashing signal lights, is carried out. The analysis results showed that the lighting complexes under investigation are not capable of supplying sufficient energy for themselves and of functioning properly at low insolation and low ambient temperatures. The reasons for the unstable operation of autonomous lighting complexes have been identified, with the main one being the insufficient accuracy of taking into account the actual climatic operating conditions of facilities when forming design solutions. Measures have been developed to improve the efficiency of the autonomous lighting complexes under study, involving the use of off-the-shelf technical solutions based on modern tools and technologies. A criterion for sufficiency of the developed measures to solve the problem of autonomous power supply of lighting complexes for highways is proposed. The sign of the resulting capacity of the complex over the calculation time period is taken as a sufficiency criterion. The practical use of the developed criterion confirmed the feasibility of the proposed measures to improve the operational efficiency of the investigated autonomous lighting complexes for highways. Calculations have shown that it is not sufficient to use solar panels alone to supply highway lighting complexes located in regions with unstable levels of insolation. The feasibility of hybrid power supply systems for autonomous lighting complexes that use additional power sources such as wind turbines and systems with electromechanical converters in addition to solar panels has been quantitatively confirmed.
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Belikov, O. V., and V. R. Kozak. "Power Supplies of Correction Magnets of Modern Accelerating Complexes." Physics of Particles and Nuclei Letters 17, no. 4 (July 2020): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1547477120040093.
Повний текст джерела
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Bulavenko, Iryna. "Relationship of formation and functioning of natural territorial complexes." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 42 (October 15, 2013): 22–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.42.1759.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is filed interpretation of the term “formation” and “functioning” natural territorial complexes and their relationship. Processes in NTC looks at how modern spatio-temporal flows of matter and energy, the interaction of physical, chemical and biological properties that underlie its self (self-forming). Therefore we think that the formation and functioning of NTC is a twin process. Key words: NTC, formation, functioning, indicator analysis.
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Alekseev, A. V., V. V. Kuznetsov, S. A. Sogonov, and A. A. Ravin. "Marine energy at the turn of digitalization and intellectualization of system management." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-4-398-43-52.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the development of the results of the analysis of the directions of development of ship power engineering and automation, promising trends in the development of modern technologies of digitalization and intellectualization of marine equipment are considered. The special role and importance of the methodology and methods of system analysis and research design of complexes and digital technologies of intellectualization of management of complex electric power systems based on monitoring the state and dynamics of their functioning, proactive proactive management of diagnostics and localization of failures, emergencies and accidents is shown. Atypical ways of forced development of new technologies, training of specialists and ensuring competitive superiority of the created ship complexes and systems are given.
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Alekseev, A. V., V. V. Kuznetsov, S. A. Sogonov, A. A. Ravin, and O. V. Khrutsky. "Marine energy at the turn of digitalization and intellectualization of system management." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre S-I, no. 1 (December 8, 2021): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2021-1-s-i-15-18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the development of the results of the analysis of the directions of development of ship power engineering and automation, promising trends in the development of modern technologies of digitalization and intellectualization of marine equipment are considered. The special role and importance of the methodology and methods of system analysis and research design of complexes and digital technologies of intellectualization of management of complex electric power systems based on monitoring the state and dynamics of their functioning, proactive proactive management of diagnostics and localization of failures, emergencies and accidents is shown. Atypical ways of forced development of new technologies, training of specialists and ensuring competitive superiority of the created ship complexes and systems are given.
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Ukhanova, Viktoriya Yu. "Automated Control of the Microclimate in the Premises of Pig-Breeding Complexes." Elektrotekhnologii i elektrooborudovanie v APK, no. 3 (September 20, 2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2658-4859-2020-67-3-103-108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the pig breeding, a large share of the production cost is accounted for by the cost of electricity and heat. Reducing energy costs is one of the important tasks of the industry. It is important to identify and study modern technologies and equipment for pig farming due to the constant increase in electricity tariffs, significant energy costs for creating and maintaining a microclimate. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in an analysis of modern available technologies and equipment for agricultural production, including pig farming, allowing to reduce the cost of production. (Materials and methods) Authors used a method for determining the standard indicators of energy consumption of energy resources in the pig industry, based on the calculation and analytical method. The article presents an analyze of automated microclimate management systems in pig breeding complexes, taking into account the individual characteristics of farms produced by OWEN. (Results and discussion) Automated microclimate management systems can improve the productivity of pig farms; reduce the cost of electrical and thermal energy, reduce the number of diseases of animal from hypothermia, high humidity or temperature in the room, feed consumption; monitor the chemical composition of the air. The article considers three options for creating a microclimate in rooms with animals, taking into account the individual characteristics of enterprises. (Conclusions) The profitability of pig production depend on the level of technical equipment of farms, automation, and the use of energy-saving technologies and equipment. The use of innovations in agricultural production makes it possible to increase labor productivity up to three times, and savings due to reduced feed costs can reach several million rubles a year.
Дисертації з теми "Modern energy complexes"
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Ortega, Aleciana Vasconcelos [UNESP]. "Implementando o modelo de distribuição de energia através do uso de redes complexas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151717.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
As Redes Complexas podem descrever vários tipos de sistemas importantes através da representação dos grafos. Com o aumento da capacidade de processamento e armazenamento dos computadores, tornou-se possível o acesso e a análise de várias bases de dados de diversas áreas, o que permitiu a comparação de redes do mundo real com os modelos de redes já existentes. Essas redes complexas apresentam propriedades que são úteis nas análises dos mais diversos aspectos das redes e com os mais variados propósitos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as propriedades estruturais e de funcionamento das redes de distribuição de energia, considerando suas diferentes topologias, a fim de definir um modelo através do uso de Redes Complexas com o propósito de analisar o comportamento da rede, considerando, características de desempenho, resiliência e identificação de falhas. Nesta tese foi utilizada uma rede padrão chamada de Rede Modelo de distribuição de energia elétrica a qual foi modelada e simulada para servir de referência para comparar as métricas da Rede de Distribuição da cidade de Ilha Solteira. Nestes modelos analisados, os transformadores referem-se aos vértices da rede enquanto que as ligações entre eles representam as arestas do grafo. Um fato importante na utilização dos modelos é a possibilidade de estudar e detectar qualquer característica dos relacionamentos e assim direcionar recursos para uma proposta. Os alimentadores analisados em questão comparados a rede padrão apresentada, tiveram um desempenho bom no que diz respeito a sua aplicação que puderam ser demonstrados através de suas propriedades ou métricas. O modelo adotado forneceu a característica real das redes analisadas. Pode-se perceber que conforme as redes aumentam o tamanho, o número de vértices se torna de baixo grau, o que possibilita o crescimento desta rede. Os estudos desenvolvidos nesta tese se tornam muito relevantes porque a análise da rede complexa permite a operadores e engenheiros praticidade na operação e gerência da rede, bem como, planejamento e otimização no uso de seus recursos.
Complex Networks can describe several types of important systems through the representation of graphs. With the increase in the processing and storage capacity of the computers, it became possible to access and analyze several databases from different areas, which allowed the comparison of real-world networks with existing network models. These complex networks present properties that are useful in the analysis of the most diverse aspects of the networks and for the most varied purposes. The objective of this work is to investigate the structural and operational properties of the energy distribution networks, considering their different topologies, in order to define a model through the use of Complex Networks with the purpose of analyzing the network behavior, considering characteristics Performance, resiliency, and fault identification. In this thesis was used a standard network called Model Electric Distribution Network which was modeled and simulated to serve as reference to compare the metrics of the Distribution Network of the city of Ilha Solteira. In these analyzed models, the transformers refer to the vertices of the network while the connections between them represent the edges of the graph. An important fact in the use of models is the possibility of studying and detecting any characteristic of relationships and thus directing resources to a proposal. The analyzed feeders in question compared to the standard network presented, had a good performance with respect to their application that could be demonstrated through their properties or metrics. The adopted model provided the real characteristic of the analyzed networks. It can be noticed that as the networks increase in size, the number of vertices becomes low-grade, which allows the growth of this network. The studies developed in this thesis become very relevant because the analysis of the complex network allows to the operators and engineers practicality in the operation and management of the network, as well as, planning and optimization in the use of its resources.
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Ortega, Aleciana Vasconcelos. "Implementando o modelo de distribuição de energia através do uso de redes complexas /." Ilha Solteira, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151717.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Luiz Fernando BovolatoResumo: As Redes Complexas podem descrever vários tipos de sistemas importantes através da representação dos grafos. Com o aumento da capacidade de processamento e armazenamento dos computadores, tornou-se possível o acesso e a análise de várias bases de dados de diversas áreas, o que permitiu a comparação de redes do mundo real com os modelos de redes já existentes. Essas redes complexas apresentam propriedades que são úteis nas análises dos mais diversos aspectos das redes e com os mais variados propósitos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo investigar as propriedades estruturais e de funcionamento das redes de distribuição de energia, considerando suas diferentes topologias, a fim de definir um modelo através do uso de Redes Complexas com o propósito de analisar o comportamento da rede, considerando, características de desempenho, resiliência e identificação de falhas. Nesta tese foi utilizada uma rede padrão chamada de Rede Modelo de distribuição de energia elétrica a qual foi modelada e simulada para servir de referência para comparar as métricas da Rede de Distribuição da cidade de Ilha Solteira. Nestes modelos analisados, os transformadores referem-se aos vértices da rede enquanto que as ligações entre eles representam as arestas do grafo. Um fato importante na utilização dos modelos é a possibilidade de estudar e detectar qualquer característica dos relacionamentos e assim direcionar recursos para uma proposta. Os alimentadores analisados em questão comparados a rede padrã... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Doutor
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Baitelo, Ricardo Lacerda. "Modelo de cômputo e valoração de potenciais completos de recursos energéticos para o planejamento integrado de recursos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-01032011-142528/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta tese apresenta a metodologia de cômputo e valoração de potenciais completos de recursos energéticos no âmbito do Planejamento Integrado de Recursos. A metodologia é genérica a diferentes tipos de recursos dos lados de oferta e demanda - e flexível a fim de permitir sua aplicação em diferentes regiões. A etapa de cômputo e valoração de potenciais é de suma importância no processo de planejamento integrado de recursos e sua metodologia consiste na transformação de informações prévias relativas às dimensões de análise em potenciais completos. Para tanto, são confeccionados algoritmos de cômputo e valoração, capazes de converter o conteúdo qualitativo ou relativo de cada atributo em valores absolutos ou diagnósticos quantitativos. Estes potenciais alimentam as etapas subsequentes do PIR tais como o Ranqueamento de Recursos e o Plano Preferencial Integrado de Recursos. O Planejamento Integrado de Recursos Energéticos é, por natureza, uma metodologia de análise de implementação de recursos energéticos com base em seus potenciais holísticos, de acordo com variáveis espaciais e temporais. Para tanto, a metodologia do PIR parte de um conjunto de recursos energéticos disponíveis e aponta dentre estes quais devem ser preferencialmente aproveitados em um dado cenário, de modo a orientar a busca pela satisfação das necessidades energéticas dos diversos atores envolvidos. Esta implantação de recursos pode tanto ser regulamentada ou induzida pela atração de investimentos e políticas públicas. O PIR diferencia-se do planejamento energético tradicional no que se refere à atenção dada a recursos do lado da demanda como alternativas factíveis de atendimento à demanda energética ao lado das opções do lado da oferta -, e à ponderação equilibrada da análise destes recursos sob óticas sociais, ambientais e políticas, ao lado de parâmetros técnicos e econômicos. Esta análise holística insere em cada dimensão os diversos aspectos dos impactos associados a cada recurso energético, ou seja, busca contabilizar tanto os custos internos e tangíveis de empreendimentos energéticos, quanto custos externos marginalizados de análises técnico-econômicas. A metodologia de cômputo e valoração de recursos energéticos é validada em Estudo de Caso com base em informações colhidas na Região Administrativa de Araçatuba. Quatro recursos energéticos foram escolhidos para o estudo de caso: pequenas centrais hidrelétricas e sistemas de cogeração a biomassa do lado da oferta e a implantação de sistemas de aquecimento solar de água e a substituição de lâmpadas incandescentes por iluminação fluorescente do lado da demanda. Toda a informação referente a esses recursos foi processada pelos algoritmos de valoração e resultou em potenciais completos nas quatro dimensões de análise, dispostos em matrizes de valoração. Estas matrizes alimentarão as etapas subsequentes do planejamento integrado de recursos - os processos de ranqueamento de recursos e formulação de plano preferencial integrado de recursos.This thesis presents a methodology for the accounting and valuation of energy resources full potentials, within the Integrated Resource Planning (IRP). The methodology is generic to different types of resources in both supply and demand sides and flexible as to allow its application in different regions. The calculation and assessment of potentials is of paramount importance in the energy planning process and its methodology consists of converting preliminary information from all areas of analysis into full potentials. For this purpose, algorithms are designed to convert the qualitative content of each attribute in figures or quantifiable diagnostics. These potentials fuel the subsequent steps of the IRP - such as the resource ranking and the Integrated Preferential Plan. The Integrated Resources Planning is by nature a methodology for the assessment of energy resources based on their holistic potential, according to space and time variables. Therefore, the IRP methodology starts from a set of available energy resources and among these indicates the ones which should preferably be utilized in a given scenario in order to guide the demands of different involved stakeholders. The deployment of resources can be either regulated or induced by public policies and investment attraction. The IRP differs from traditional energy planning with regard to attention given to demand-side resources as feasible alternatives energy to meet energy demand - along the options on the supply side - and the balanced consideration of the analysis of these resources through a social, environmental and political lens, alongside technical and economic parameters. This holistic analysis inserts in each dimension the various aspects of the impacts associated with each energy resource, that is, seeks to account both tangible and internal costs of energy enterprises and the external costs marginalized from technical-economic analysis. The method for the calculation and valuation of energy resources is validated by a case study based on information collected in the Administrative Region of Araçatuba in the state of São Paulo. Four energy resources were chosen in the case study: small hydro plants and sugarcane biomass cogeneration on the supply side and installation of solar heating and replacement of incandescent lighting for fluorescent lamps on the demand side. All the data concerning these resources was processed by the valuation algorithms and resulted in full potentials in all four analysis dimensions, displayed in valuation matrixes. These matrixes will be able to feed the subsequent steps of the integrated resources planning - the processes of resource ranking and the formulation of the integrated preferential plan.
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Santos, Michelle Cristina Varela dos. "Modelo energ?tico auto-organizado para a atividade coletiva em tecidos de animais simples." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIAS BIOL?GICAS, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24060.
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Entre o final do s?culo XX e in?cio do s?culo XXI, muitos cientistas passaram a se interessar na din?mica de sistemas complexos e os fen?menos envolvidos, tais como, os sistemas cr?ticos. Esses sistemas n?o-lineares apresentam propriedades descritas por leis de pot?ncia. Fen?menos cr?ticos constituem sistemas complexos, que n?o possuem propriedades bem descritas pelas leis da termodin?mica. O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo energ?tico critico auto-organizado, ou seja, que possui Criticalidade Auto-Organizada (SOC), criado para explicar a atividade coletiva espont?nea em um tecido animal sem a necessidade de um controle muscular ou de sistema nervoso central. O modelo prot?tipo descreve um tecido epitelial cuboide formado por uma ?nica camada de c?lulas, como a cavidade digestiva interna de alguns animais simples ou primitivos. O tecido ? composto por c?lulas que absorvem nutrientes e armazenam energia, com probabilidade p, para participar de atividade do tecido. Cada c?lula pode estar em dois estados: o de alta energia capaz de se tornar ativa ou de baixo consumo metab?lico e em repouso. Qualquer c?lula pode ser ativada espontaneamente, com uma probabilidade muito baixa, e ent?o propagar uma atividade coletiva entre seus vizinhos que compartilham energia suficiente. As c?lulas do tecido que participam da atividade consomem toda a sua energia. Foi observada uma rela??o tipo lei de pot?ncia, P(s) ? s?, para a probabilidade de ter um movimento coletivo de tamanho s. A constru??o deste modelo ? an?logo ao modelo Forest Fire Model. Essa abordagem produz naturalmente um estado cr?tico para a atividade do tecido animal, al?m de explicar a auto sustenta??o das atividades em um tecido animal vivo sem controle de feedback.
Since the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, many scientists have become interested in the study of the dynamics of complex systems and in critical systems. This class of non-linear systems has properties described by power laws. Critical phenomena is characteristics of complex systems that has properties not well described by the laws of thermodynamics. The present work presents a self-organized critical (SOC) energy model, created to explain spontaneous collective activity in a given animal tissue without the necessity of a muscular control or central nervous system. This prototype model introduces a cuboid epithelial tissue formed by a single layer of cells, such as the internal digestive cavity of some primitive animals. The tissue is composed of cells that absorb nutrients and store energy, with probability p, to participate in a collective tissue motion. Each cell can be in two states: the high-energy state able to become active or low-metabolic and at rest. Any cell can be activated spontaneously, with a very low probability, and starts a collective activity with its neighbors that share enough energy. The tissue cells that participate in the oscillation consume all their energy. It is observed a power law relation, P(s) ? s?, for the probability of having a collective motion with s cells. The construction of this model is analogous to the Forest Fire SOC model. This approach naturally produces a critical condition for the oscillation of the animal tissue, in addition, it explains self-sustaining activities in a living animal tissue without feedback control.
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Fujii, Ricardo Junqueira. "Modelo de caracterização sistêmica das opções de oferta energética para o PIR." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-23042007-141058/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O Planejamento Energético tradicional geralmente privilegia os custos econômicos dos recursos energéticos, relegando ao segundo plano questões políticas, sociais e ambientais. Este trabalho pretende estimular a mudança desta abordagem através da proposição de um modelo de caracterização de recursos energéticos integrando todas essas quatro dimensões. São dois seus objetivos: o fornecimento de uma metodologia para avaliar o custo global dos recursos energéticos e de outra para estimar o potencial de tais recursos. Para facilitar o processo de avaliação, o modelo sugere o uso da ACC - Avaliação de Custos Completos, a qual permite a análise qualitativa e quantitativa de custos, reduzindo a necessidade de dados quantitativos, limitados em certos casos. Ilustra-se a aplicação do modelo com um exemplo de caracterização dos recursos na região de Araçatuba, localizada no Oeste Paulista. Os resultados revelam que, quando considerados os custos globais, a adoção de recursos renováveis apresenta grande competitividade, ao contrário de outros que, apesar de serem economicamente atraentes, não apresentam custos globais aceitáveis.The Traditional Energy Planning usually favors technical-economic costs, relegating political, social and environmental issues to a less important level of analyses. This work tries to encourage a change in such approach by elaborating a model of energy resources characterization integrating all four dimensions - environmental, political, social and economic. The model aims at two objectives: providing a method of assessing the global cost of energy resources and estimating its potential considering the limitations provided by these dimensions. The integration of distinct elements constitutes a complex and tricky activity that can result in inaccurate results if not taken carefully. To minimize this complexity, the Model suggests the use of the Full Cost Accounting - FCA - method, which allows the consideration of quantitative and qualitative costs, reducing the demand for quantitative data, limited in some cases. The Model has been applied in the characterization of the region of Araçatuba, located in the western part of the state of São Paulo, the most populated state in Brazil. The results reveal that the adoption of renewable sources is quite attractive, especially when global costs are taken into account. On the other hand, other resources don\'t present acceptable global costs despite being economically attractive.
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Chaboussant, Grégory. "Étude expérimentale d'une échelle de spin-1/2 antiferromagnétique : Cu2(C5H12N2)2Cl4." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ce memoire presente une etude experimentale d'un compose organique isolant ayant des proprietes magnetiques unidimensionnelles (1d): cu#2(c#5h#1#2n#2)#2cl#4. C'est un systeme antiferromagnetique de heisenberg s=1/2 en echelle de spins. Les interactions d'echanges entre les electrons non apparies des ions cu#2#+ forment une structure magnetique en echelle que l'on peut decrire par deux parametres d'echanges, j entre les barreaux et j le long des deux chaines. Comme toutes les echelles de spin-1/2 ayant un nombre pair de chaines couplees, ce systeme a un gap d'energie dans le spectre des excitations. Les proprietes de l'etat fondamental et, dans une certaine limite des etats excites, sont alors similaires a celles des chaines de haldane (s=1). A contrario les echelles comportant un nombre impair de chaines sont critiques (sans gap) et appartiennent a la meme classe d'universalite que les chaines de spin-1/2 dont la solution est donnee par l'ansatz de bethe. Cette these presente une etude assez complete des proprietes thermodynamiques et dynamiques de ce compose. Les mesures thermodynamiques ou statiques reposent sur l'utilisation de magnetometres squid ou, pour les champs magnetiques intenses, d'oscillateurs torsionnels a haute resolution. Les techniques de resonance electronique de spin (rpe) dans la gamme micro-ondes et de resonance magnetique nucleaire sur le proton ont ete utilisees pour etudier les proprietes dynamiques liees aux fonctions de correlations telle que la largeur de raie rpe ou le temps de relaxation nucleaire spin-reseau t#1. Nous avons determine l'ensemble des parametres essentiels lies au magnetisme de ce compose: cu#2(c#5h#1#2n#2)#2cl#4 est decrit par un hamiltonien de heisenberg dont les interactions d'echanges forment une echelle de spins dans la limite de couplage fort: j 13. 2k et j 2. 5k. Le gap d'energie entre l'etat fondamental non-magnetique s=0 et les etats excites triplets (s=1) est 10. 5k
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Paz, Marcos de Araujo. "Modelo reduzido de linhas de transmissão para transitorios eletromagneticos : aplicação de propriedades complexas." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/260995.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Maria Cristina Dias TavaresTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e Computação
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Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir para o estudo de linhas de transmissão e o desenvolvimento de modelos de linhas voltados a programas do tipo EMTP. O trabalho desenvolvido consiste em aproveitar as propriedades e semelhanças dos modos não homopolares de propagação das linhas de transmissão, sejam elas idealmente transpostas ou que apresentem plano de simetria vertical. Por meio de manipulações da matriz de transformação fase-modo-fase através do uso de vetores ortogonais e elementos complexos no domínio modal, pode-se reduzir a dimensão dos vetores de estado. O procedimento proposto é direcionado às modelagens que utilizam transformação fase-modo-fase na determinação das variáveis de estado (corrente e tensão) nas linhas de transmissão. Os recursos usados levam a uma redução tanto em número de operações por iteração quanto em alocação de estados, otimizando o procedimento de cá1culo e aumentando a velocidade de simulação no processamento. A economia computacional que o procedimento proposto proporciona pode ser usada em ferramentas de simulação em tempo real
Abstract: The research objective is to contribute with the study of the transmission line and the development of line models in EMTP-type programs. The proposed model takes advantage of some similarities between non homopolar modes, applying orthogonal vectors and complex number theory to manipulate the state vectors in modal domain reducing the state vectors dimension. The proposed procedure is aimed to the modelling that use phase-mode-phase transformation in the determination of state variables (current and voltage) in transmission lines. The resources used lead to a reduction both in the number of operations per iteration and state allocation, optimizing the procedure and increasing the processing simulation speed. The computational economy, which the proposed procedure provide, can be applied to real-time simulation tools
Doutorado
Energia Eletrica
Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
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Paiva, William Roberto de 1986. "Alterações topológicas para reduzir a propagação de falhas na rede elétrica de alta tensão brasileira." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/267700.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientadores: André Franceshi de Angelis, José Geraldo Pena de AndradeDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Tecnologia
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Resumo: Neste trabalho, propõe-se a avaliação de quatro métodos que possam melhorar a resiliência de redes de alta tensão através da adição de linhas de transmissão, utilizando-se a Teoria das Redes Complexas. Criou-se um modelo da rede brasileira de geração e transmissão de energia elétrica em forma de grafo para testar os métodos. O primeiro deles consiste em ligar pares de vértices que possuam menor grau em toda a rede. O segundo liga os vértices de menor betweenness. O terceiro efetua ligações entre pares de vértices de menor grau que estejam ligados aos vértices de maior carga em toda a rede. O último, faz ligações entre os dois vértices de betweenness mediano. Todos os métodos foram testados com e sem o auxílio do procedimento "min-cut", capaz de identificar as arestas que, ao serem removidas, dividem a rede em duas sub-redes, permitindo assim efetuar ligações que reduzam o risco dessa divisão. Além dos testes no modelo da rede brasileira, utilizaram-se também 1000 redes Scale-Free e 1000 aleatórias para verificar o aumento de eficiência trazidos. Todos os métodos foram capazes de aumentar a eficiência, tanto no modelo da rede real quanto nos modelos artificiais. A estratégia de ligar os vértices de betweenness mediano com auxílio do min-cut trouxe o maior aumento. A resiliência da rede, diante de falhas planejadas e falhas aleatórias, foi aumentada em poucos casos, porém, em nenhum houve redução da mesma. Conclui-se que as estratégias propostas podem ser utilizadas para melhorar a eficiência de redes de alta tensão, mantendo ou aumentando sua resiliência, bem como podem ser usadas para trazer os mesmos atributos para redes complexas em geral
Abstract: In this work we purpose to assess four methods to improve high-voltage networks resilience against failures and attacks, using the Complex Network Theory to do it. To test these methods, we created a network model in graph format, based on the Brazilian generation and transmission electrical network. The first of these methods consist in to link pairs of nodes which have the lowest degree in the network. The second creates a link betweenn the lowest betweenness nodes. The third method is to link the two lowest degree nodes which are linked to the highest load nodes. The last one creates a link betweenn the two nodes which has the median betweenness. All methods were tested with and without the use of the "min-cut" procedure. This procedure finds the lowest number of necessary links that, when removed, divide the network in two sub-networks. It allows us to identify these links and reduce the risk of this partitioning the network by adding new links. We also test the strategies in 1000 artificial Scale-Free networks and 1000 artificial Random networks to validate those methods. All strategies were able to increase efficiency, in the real and artificial networks models. The strategy which links the median betweenness nodes using the "min-cut" procedure brought the best results. The network resilience against planned and random failures was increased in in few cases, but no decreases was registered. We conclude that our strategies can be used to improve high-voltage network efficiency, keeping or improving its resilience, as they can be used to bring the same attribute to any type of complex networks
Mestrado
Tecnologia e Inovação
Mestre em Tecnologia
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Glushko, A., I. Pantielieieva, and N. Shmatko. "Prospects for the development of modern energy complexes." Thesis, 2020. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/48647.
Повний текст джерела
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Lee, Mi Kyung. "Computational models for coupled electronic-vibrational energy transfer in biological photosynthetic complexes." Thesis, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/31687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The specialized pigment-protein complexes involved in the first process of photosynthesis are light-harvesting structures that are composed of networks of chromophores in protein scaffolds. Though light-harvesting complexes vary in chromophore composition and protein structure, they are capable of transferring the absorbed energy as molecular excitation energy from chromophore to chromophore with maximal efficiency. Thus, numerous interdisciplinary studies focus on elucidating energy transfer mechanisms in these biological complexes and how the same principles can be applied to artificial photosynthetic and photovoltaic machines.
From advanced spectroscopic measurements and theoretical models, the interaction between the excited electronic states and the nuclear vibrational degrees of freedom is now established to be crucial for efficient energy transfer. In light-harvesting complexes of plants and bacteria, it is now understood that the classical-like vibrational modes of the protein and solvent environment drive energy transfer between the energetically close electronic states of the chromophores. On the other hand, recent spectroscopic measurements on algae light-harvesting complexes discovered signatures of quantized, high frequency vibrational modes of the chromophore. Unfortunately, a deterministic interpretation of the data and the underlying Hamiltonian is hindered due to significant inhomogeneous spectral line-broadening. Though numerous model Hamiltonians have been proposed from theoretical work, various computational approximations employed in these studies necessitate empirical parameter tuning in order to obtain agreement with benchmark linear optical spectra.
Thus in this work, we present a simple, but improved, computational prescription to compute the ensemble of Hamiltonians for four closely-related algae light-harvesting complexes. We verify the reliability of our proposed models by comparing simulated optical spectra with experimental measurements. We show that static disorder and inhomogeneous broadening are significant for phycobiliproteins due to large site energy fluctuations. We also show that the nuclear environment plays an important role in defining the trapping state, or the final energy acceptor. Finally, our work for the first time suggests that EET dynamics can be tuned by varying the titration states of the chromophores.
Книги з теми "Modern energy complexes"
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Shalimov, Mihail, Viktor Panov, and Ekaterina Votinova. Welding: introduction to the specialty. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1021002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook provides information about the origin and about the main stages of development of one of the first, and today one of the most common technological processes of welding materials. A brief information about the main types of welding energy sources used for obtaining permanent connections about the physical nature of the welding processes. Examples of equipment required to implement various technological operations. Modern problems of welding science and technology.
Designed for students directions 15.03.01 mechanical engineering, 12.03.05 "Laser engineering and laser technologies and specialty", 15.05.01 "Design of technological machines and complexes", may be useful to students of lyceums, colleges, vocational schools and technical schools, as well as a wide range of readers to discover the fundamentals of welding technology.
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Serebryakov, Andrey, Tat'yana Smirnova, Valentina Mercheva, and Elena Soboleva. Chemistry of combustible minerals. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1041945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This textbook is a publication of the latest generation, designed to optimize the national project "Education"; develops theoretical knowledge about the genesis of natural liquid, gaseous and solid combustible minerals, the formation of the composition and properties, the practical significance of fuel and energy natural complexes. It is devoted to the study of the composition, properties and classification of oils, gas condensate, natural gases and solid combustible minerals, studied at the level of modern achievements of instrumental analytical and factory equipment in accordance with existing technologies, theories and hypotheses about the genesis of hydrocarbons and Earth sciences. The publication is supplemented with the main directions of processing of combustible minerals. Digital and graphical types of chemical models of the synergy of components of gas and oil deposits are described, which are necessary for predicting the phase state and composition of hydrocarbons and optimizing the directions of processing of marketable products. To facilitate the process of cognition of the origin and formation of the composition and properties of natural combustible minerals, a glossary, tests, as well as questions for the test and exam are offered.
To control the knowledge gained by students while studying textbook materials, each chapter is accompanied by questions and tasks.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students studying in the fields of 05.04.01, 05.03.01 "Geology", 21.05.02 "Applied Geology", as well as for specialists in the field of geology, geochemistry, extraction and processing of oil, gas, gas condensate, solid fuels.
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Litvin, Feliks, Lyudmila Satina, Ravil' Hatypov, Galina Mikulinskaya, Nikita Pen'kov, and Konstantin Neverov. Molecular spectroscopy. Fundamentals of theory and practice. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1870280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook is an introduction to the theory and practice of spectroscopy in the ultraviolet, visible and infrared regions. The presentation of the theoretical foundations is accompanied by a detailed guide on the practical use of spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative analysis of substances and reactions in simple and complex systems. Attention is paid to modern methods of infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform (FTIR), intermolecular energy transfer (FRET), linear dichroism of complex objects.
It is intended for a wide range of biologists, chemists, students and postgraduates of natural science specialties.
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Lobanov, Aleksey. Medical and biological bases of safety. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1439619.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook considers the subject and tasks of the discipline, highlights the medical and biological foundations of ensuring human security in the conditions of natural, man-made and biological-social emergencies, as well as when using modern weapons of destruction by a probable enemy.
Briefly, but quite informative, the structure of the human body and the basics of its functioning are described. The specificity and mechanism of the toxic effect of harmful substances on a person, the energy effect and the combined effect of the main damaging factors of the sources of emergency situations of peacetime and wartime are shown. The article highlights the medical and biological aspects of ensuring the safe life of people in adverse environmental conditions, including in regions with hot and cold climates (the Arctic). The methods of forecasting and assessing the medical situation in emergency zones and lesions are presented.
The means and methods of medical and biological protection and first aid to the affected are shown. The main tasks and organizational structure of formations and institutions of the medical rescue service of the GO, the All-Russian Service of Disaster Medicine and medical formations of the EMERCOM of Russia are considered. Organizational issues of medical and biological protection in emergency situations are highlighted. The features of the organization of medical support for those affected by terrorist attacks are considered.
It is intended for students and cadets of educational institutions of higher education studying under the bachelor's degree program in the following areas of training: "Technosphere security", "Infocommunication technologies and communication systems", "Information systems and technologies", "State and municipal management", "Economics", "Mechatronics and robotics", "Operation of transport and technological machines and complexes", "Informatics and computer engineering", "Air Navigation", "System analysis and management". It can also be useful for researchers and a wide range of specialists engaged in practical work on planning and organizing medical and biological protection of the population.
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Grigoryan, Ekaterina. Integrated quality management system at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1095033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In modern conditions, an integrated quality management system (ISMC) that meets the requirements of several international standards and contributes to improving the efficiency of enterprise management, creating conditions for its sustainable development, as well as the competitiveness of the enterprise and its products is becoming more and more popular.
The monograph considers theoretical and methodological approaches to quality management at the enterprise. The relevance of the application of an integrated quality management system, including at the enterprises of the military-industrial complex (MIC), consisting in the most effective management of the enterprise, energy efficiency and resource conservation, is justified.
The assessment of the use of quality management tools at the defense industry enterprises was carried out, the trends in the development of defense industry enterprises were substantiated, a marketing approach was applied to the classification of defense industry enterprises, in particular by market type, which allows identifying potential consumers of enterprises ' products, the degree of production diversification.
Organizational and economic approaches to the formation of an integrated quality management system are presented. The procedure for creating an ISMC is considered. The methodology and criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of ISMC are substantiated.
The presented material is of practical importance and can be useful to specialists in quality management, graduate students, researchers, teachers.
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Serebryakov, Andrey, and Gennadiy Zhuravlev. Exploitation of oil and gas fields by horizontal wells. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971768.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The textbook describes the design features of offshore horizontal multi-hole production wells, as well as the bottom-hole components of horizontal multi-hole wells. The classification of complications of multi-hole horizontal wells, methods of their prevention and elimination are given. Methods of underground geonavigation of the development of offshore horizontal production wells are proposed. The geological and field bases of operation of horizontal offshore multi-hole oil and gas wells, modes and dynamics of oil, gas and associated water production, methods for calculating dynamic bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are specified. The technologies of operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells are presented. The composition and scope of environmental, field and research marine monitoring of the operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells and the protection of the marine environment in the production of oil and gas are justified. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the enlarged group of "Earth Sciences" training areas, as well as for teachers, employees of the fuel and energy complex, industrial geological exploration and oil and gas production enterprises, scientific and design organizations.
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P, Podoplelov V., Manov N. A, Anufriev A. F, Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR. Komi filial. та Nauchnyĭ sovet po kompleksnym problemam ėnergetiki (Akademii͡a︡ nauk SSSR), ред. Regionalʹnyĭ ėnergeticheskiĭ kompleks: Osobennosti formirovanii͡a︡, metody issledovanii͡a︡. Leningrad: "Nauka," Leningradskoe otd-nie, 1988.
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Grunewald, John, ed. CESBP Central European Symposium on Building Physics / BauSIM 2016. Fraunhofer IRB Verlag, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.51202/9783816797982.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern energy concepts of settlements and neighborhoods with an increasing share of renewable, decentralized energy supply will be the future. Buildings are on their way of transformation from energy consumers to active energy suppliers. The planning of optimized but increasingly complex building energy systems can be facilitated and realized through the use of simulation-based planning tools. The CESBP 2016 and BauSIM 2016 are hosted under a common organizational roof in order to promote the networking of research groups from very different fields. Through their complementary contents and thematic orientation both conferences offer participants many opportunities to open up new fields of knowledge. The conference program of the CESBP 2016 integrates in addition to the classic building physical applications and new developments a strong focus ranging from energy-efficient construction up to plus-energy concepts for settlements and neighborhoods. The complementary program of the BauSIM 2016 addresses diverse technologies of application and further development of modern simulation-based planning tools with a special focus on building energy systems and services on the one hand, but also with respect to the more general areas of construction research.
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Yang, Jingduan, and Daniel A. Monti. Human Energetic Anatomy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190210052.003.0003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter teaches another essential foundation of acupuncture and Chinese medicine, the theory of Jing Luo, the invisible energy channels known as meridians through which Qi circulates. This chapter presents this complex human energy network as an energetic anatomy that include 12 principal channels (Zheng Jing), 8 extra channels (Qi Jing Ba Mai), 12 associated channels (Jing Bie), 12 peripheral channels (Jin Jing), 12 skin areas (Pi Bou), and 15 connecting channels (Luo Mai). The classification, distribution, and function of each is discussed in detail. There is no modern medicine equivalent to these concepts except for the energetic manifestations of mental and physical function that are well observed and described by clinicians and medical textbooks. Structural parallels to the energetic networks in modern medicine are circulatory systems like the nervous, cardiovascular, and lymphatic systems.
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Kennefick, Daniel. Three and a Half Principles: The Origins of Modern Relativity Theory. Edited by Jed Z. Buchwald and Robert Fox. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696253.013.27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the origins of modern relativity theory. In his 1905 paper On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies, Albert Einstein directly addressed one of the largest issues of the time. Electrodynamics aims to describe the motion of charged particles (usually thought of as electrons), whose interaction through the electromagnetic field, as described by Maxwell’s equations, affects their respective motions. The problem was so complex because the electromagnetic field theory was not an action-at-a-distance theory. This article begins with an overview of the principle of relativity and of the constancy of the speed of light, followed by a discussion on the relativity of simultaneity, the mass–energy equivalence, and experimental tests of special relativity. It also examines the principle of equivalence, the concepts of spacetime curvature and general covariance, and Mach’s principle. Finally, it considers experimental predictions of general relativity.
Частини книг з теми "Modern energy complexes"
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Bejan, Adrian, Ibrahim Dincer, Sylvie Lorente, Antonio F. Miguel, and A. Heitor Reis. "Energy Engineering." In Porous and Complex Flow Structures in Modern Technologies, 67–124. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4221-3_3.
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Salamon, P. "Physics Versus Engineering of Finite-Time Thermodynamic Models and Optimizations." In Thermodynamic Optimization of Complex Energy Systems, 421–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4685-2_31.
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Ford, Andrew. "System Dynamics Models of Environment, Energy and Climate Change." In Complex Systems in Finance and Econometrics, 782–801. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7701-4_43.
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Bessemoulin-Chatard, Marianne, Claire Chainais-Hillairet, and Hélène Mathis. "Numerical Schemes for Semiconductors Energy-Transport Models." In Finite Volumes for Complex Applications IX - Methods, Theoretical Aspects, Examples, 75–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43651-3_5.
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Basile, Davide, Felicita Di Giandomenico, and Stefania Gnesi. "Model-Based Evaluation of Energy Saving Systems." In Green IT Engineering: Concepts, Models, Complex Systems Architectures, 187–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44162-7_10.
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Ilic, Marija, Rupamathi Jaddivada, Xia Miao, and Nipun Popli. "Toward Multi-Layered MPC for Complex Electric Energy Systems." In Handbook of Model Predictive Control, 625–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77489-3_26.
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Sklyar, Vladimir, Oleg Odarushchenko, Eugene Bulba, Roman Horbenko, Alexander Ivasyuk, and Dmitry Kotov. "Assessment of Energy Consumption for Safety-Related PLC-Based Systems." In Green IT Engineering: Concepts, Models, Complex Systems Architectures, 269–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44162-7_14.
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Bhaduri, Budhendra, Ryan McManamay, Olufemi Omitaomu, Jibo Sanyal, and Amy Rose. "Urban Energy Systems: Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory." In Urban Informatics, 281–308. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn the coming decades, our planet will witness unprecedented urban population growth in both established and emerging communities. The development and maintenance of urban infrastructures are highly energy-intensive. Urban areas are dictated by complex intersections among physical, engineered, and human dimensions that have significant implications for traffic congestion, emissions, and energy usage. In this chapter, we highlight recent research and development efforts at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the largest multipurpose science laboratory within the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) national laboratory system, that characterizes the interactions between the human dynamics and critical infrastructures in conjunction with the integration of four distinct components: data, critical infrastructure models, and scalable computation and visualization, all within the context of physical and social systems. Discussions focus on four key topical themes: population and land use, sustainable mobility, the energy-water nexus, and urban resiliency, that are mutually aligned with DOE’s mission and ORNL’s signature science and technology capabilities. Using scalable computing, data visualization, and unique datasets from a variety of sources, the institute fosters innovative interdisciplinary research that integrates ORNL expertise in critical infrastructures including energy, water, transportation, and cyber, and their interactions with the human population.
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Silvast, Antti, and Chris Foulds. "Whole Systems Thinking and Modelling in the UK." In Sociology of Interdisciplinarity, 23–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88455-0_2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractUK academic researchers have been vying for a ‘whole’ systems perspective on energy issues for more than a decade. This research programme has exposed challenges in complex systems thinking and in the dialogue between academic disciplines and epistemic cultures that is needed to mediate the social, technological, and environmental impacts of energy systems. This chapter examines these efforts starting from existing studies that include detailed reports on experiences of interdisciplinary research. By extending these findings via interviews and ethnographic research, this chapter pays particular attention to the role of interdisciplinary computer modelling that was expected to represent complex energy transitions and energy infrastructures of the future. In doing so, this chapter demonstrates how interdisciplinarity has actually worked in three exemplary areas: the diversity of computer models that seek to represent everyday energy demand and how they simplify both demand and other disciplines in so doing; the need for collaborative, cross-cutting research in foresight of future energy scenarios; and how modelling scholars strongly envision their models should become ‘useful’ for imagined policy and planning stakeholders.
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Turkin, Igor, and Aleksandr Vdovitchenko. "Energy-Efficient Scheduling for Portable Computers as Bi-Criteria Optimization Problem." In Green IT Engineering: Concepts, Models, Complex Systems Architectures, 87–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44162-7_5.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Modern energy complexes"
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Kirova-Yordanova, Zornitza. "Thermodynamic Evaluation of Energy Integration and Cogeneration in Ammonia and Urea Production Complexes." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20515.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy integration and cogeneration are commonly used in large mineral fertilizer production complexes for many years. Production of nitrogen fertilizers is an energy intensive industry branch consuming about 5200 PJ of fossil fuels, mainly natural gas. Urea is the major straight nitrogen fertilizer with 46% nitrogen content, and the total production of 155 MM metric tons yearly. About 600–900 kg MP or HP steam and 50–120 kWh electricity per ton urea are consumed in modern low energy urea plants. In this work the exergy method is used to analyze the dependence of the primary energy consumption and GHG emissions in the ammonia and urea production complexes on basic parameters of the subsystems (ammonia and urea production units and CHP plant) and on the allocation of the additional fuel (natural gas) burning and steam generation. The results show that the most effective allocation scheme depends mainly on the relative efficiencies of the subsystems and mashinery (compressors and steam turbines).
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Lane, Michael, Angela Howard, and Srecko Howard. "The Energy Inefficiency of Office Computing and Potential Emerging Technology Solutions." In InSITE 2009: Informing Science + IT Education Conference. Informing Science Institute, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy consumption, the associated green house emissions has now caught the attention of mainstream organizations. Soon organizations will be required by legislation in many modern economies to report their contribution to green house emissions through their energy consumption. Office computing is a significant contributor to greenhouse emissions through electricity energy consumption. Until recently little thought has been given to making office computing more energy efficient. Organizations and individuals have become complacent in using computers, turning them on first thing in the morning and leaving them on all day. The time it takes to load up modern operating systems has reinforced this inefficient behaviour. In this paper we outline the energy inefficiencies of office computing and outline recent advances in energy efficient technologies. We focus on two emerging technologies: smart power blocks and splash top which have potential to drastically cut the energy consumption of office computing. We believe that our initial evaluation of these energy efficient technologies shows tremendous promise for reducing the energy consumption and greenhouse emissions of office computing. In future work we plan to conduct live experiments in modern office complexes to evaluate the actual energy savings and the fit of these technologies with current work practices.
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"Modern Energy-Saving Electrotechnologies." In 2019 XXI International Conference Complex Systems: Control and Modeling Problems (CSCMP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cscmp45713.2019.8976530.
Повний текст джерела
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Иванов, А. Н. "TO THE QUESTION OF POLYSTRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF LANDSCAPE SPACE." In Геосистемы Северо-Восточной Азии. Crossref, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35735/tig.2021.61.88.005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Обсуждается понятие полиструктурности ландшафтного пространства. Объект исследований – остров Матуа с активным вулканом, отсутствием поверхностного стока и широким развитием селевых и лавинных комплексов. Разработана ландшафтная карта, основанная на структурно-генетических принципах, внутри островного ландшафта выделены три географические местности. Предложена модель нуклеарной системы с ядром в виде кратера вулкана, по степени влияния вулкана на природные комплексы выделены три зоны. В составе парадинамических геосистем, связанных однонаправленными потоками вещества и энергии, выделены и проанализированы селевые и лавинные геосистемы. Количественно оценены вещественные потоки, генерируемые вулканом, лавинами и селями. Установлено, что в современный период именно вулкан является основным системообразующим фактором для большинства природных комплексов острова. Сделан вывод о том, что полиструктурность ландшафтного пространства отчетливо проявляется в пределах острова и связана с формированием на одной территории разных типов геосистем, выделение которых основано на разных физических принципах. The concept of polystructurality of landscape space is discussed. The object of research is the island of Matua with an active volcano, lack of surface run-off and widespread development of debris-flow and avalanche complexes. A landscape map of the island's territory is presented, based on structural and genetic principles; three geographic areas are identified within the island landscape. A model of a nuclear system with a core in the form of a volcano crater has been developed; three zones have been identified according to the degree of the volcano's influence on natural complexes. Debris-flow and avalanche geosystems have been identified and analyzed as part of paradynamic geosystems connected by unidirectional flows of matter and energy. It has been established that in the modern period it is the volcano that is the main system-forming factor for most of the natural complexes of the island. It is concluded that the polystructural nature of the landscape space is clearly manifested within the island and is associated with the formation of different types of geosystems on the same territory, the identification of which is based on different physical principles.
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Storodubtseva, Tamara, A. Buryakova, and A. Rabotkin. "ENERGY SAVING OF WOOD DUE TO ITS MODIFICATION." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_340-344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modified wood is wood that is improved with special modifiers in order to increase its strength, durability and water-, bio-, fire- and corrosion resistance, which, unlike natural wood, makes it more resistant to various environmental factors. This wood is good to use in construction, and it will be effective for further development, as the buildings will be used longer, and less likely to be subject to repair and reconstruction, which will reduce deforestation. The most popular methods of modification are thermomechanical modification with preliminary steaming of wood, its heating, or with preliminary impregnation with mineral oils; thermochemical modification; chemical modification; radiation-chemical modification. Each type of the above modifications differs in its properties, and also have their own impact on a particular type of wood. The most common and most effective method of modification is achieved by thermomechanical processing. Since it is when the wood is heated, after the introduction of the necessary modifiers into it, the polymers begin to heat up, due to which the vessels of the wood harden, which affects its density. To avoid the destruction of wood, it is very important to monitor the temperature and prevent it from reaching high heating levels.
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Aminov, R. Z., A. N. Egorov, and V. E. Yurin. "Redundancy of NPP’s Own Needs Using Hydrogen Energy Complex." In 2019 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon.2019.8934690.
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Bolba, Marius, Radu A. Munteanu, Dan Iudean, and Andrei Ceclan. "Complete liberalization of the energy market a challenge for the household consumer." In 2021 9th International Conference on Modern Power Systems (MPS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mps52805.2021.9492695.
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Abdullina, D., K. Valeev, and R. Safin. "ENERGY RESOURCE-SAVING PLANT FOR EXTRACTION OF BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_175-179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As know, all wood material is recycled only half, and the rest of it remains unused. In practice, wood waste is most often plowed or burned, at a time when such wood is a valuable natural raw material that can compensate for the needs of a number of sectors of the economy. In this regard, the problem of recycling waste from the woodworking industry is very relevant today. Wood waste contains a large amount of substances capable of exhibiting biological activity. In particular, such biologically active substances include betulin, which is found in birch bark, which, due to its many advantages, has found wide application in medical, perfumery, cosmetic, food and other industries. For the rational use of wood and wood materials, it is necessary to develop new technologies and equipment for processing wood into products that are in demand for mankind. The paper provides an overview of the processing of birch bark. The relevance and prospects of birch species as a raw material for the chemical industry have been established. An installation for obtaining biologically active substances from wood waste is presented.
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Starikov, A., V. Zhivaeva, and I. Kosorlukov. "Improving the Energy Efficiency of the Oil Well Electrical Complex." In 2019 International Multi-Conference on Industrial Engineering and Modern Technologies (FarEastCon). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fareastcon.2019.8934819.
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Opara, M. "CYCLICAL USE OF WOOD WASTE IN THE PRODUCTION OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_266-269.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, the issues of production and use of alternative energy sources are gaining more and more popularity. Such traditional energy sources as gas, oil, and coal are irreplaceable minerals, and therefore there is a need to search for alternative energy sources. One of which is biofuels. Wood waste from woodworking and sawmilling enterprises accumulates in huge quantities on production areas and is not used properly, but is mostly burned or disposed of in landfills. The removal of waste to landfills requires a lot of investment, since wood has a large volume mass. At the same time, in many European countries, such wood-based materials as fuel pellets, fuel briquettes, and euro-wood are known, and they are the substitutes for traditional types of energy. Compared to traditional energy sources, biofuels have a number of advantages. One of them is that when burning, the amount of carbon dioxide released into the atmosphere does not exceed the amount of emissions that would be formed by the natural
Звіти організацій з теми "Modern energy complexes"
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Nelson, Nathan, and Charles F. Yocum. Structure, Function and Utilization of Plant Photosynthetic Reaction Centers. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7699846.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Light capturing and energy conversion by PSI is one of the most fundamental processes in nature. In the heart of these adaptations stand PSI, PSII and their light harvesting antenna complexes. The main goal of this grant proposal was to obtain by X-ray crystallography information on the structure of plant photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII) supercomplexes. We achieved several milestones along this line but as yet, like several strong laboratories around the world, we have no crystal structure of plant PSII. We have redesigned the purification and crystallization procedures and recently solved the crystal structure of the PSI supercomplex at 3.3 Å resolution. Even though this advance in resolution appears to be relatively small, we obtained a significantly improved model of the supercomplex. The work was published in J. Biol. Chem. (Amunts et al., 2010). The improved electron density map yielded identification and tracing of the PsaK subunit. The location of an additional 10 ß-carotenes, as well as 5 chlorophylls and several loop regions that were previously uninterruptable have been modeled. This represents the most complete plant PSI structure obtained thus far, revealing the locations of and interactions among 17 protein subunits and 193 non-covalently bound photochemical cofactors. We have continued extensive experimental efforts to improve the structure of plant PSI and to obtain PSII preparation amenable to crystallization. Most of our efforts were devoted to obtain well-defined subcomplexes of plant PSII preparations that are amenable to crystallization. We studied the apparent paradox of the high sensitivity of oxygen evolution of isolated thylakoids while BBY particles exhibit remarkable resilience to the same treatment. The integrity of the photosystem II (PSII) extrinsic protein complement as well as calcium effects arise from the Ca2+ atom associated with the site of photosynthetic water oxidation were investigated. This work provides deeper insights into the interaction of PsbO with PSII. Sight-directed mutagenesis indicated the location of critical sites involved in the stability of the water oxidation reaction. When combined with previous results, the data lead to a more detailed model for PsbO binding in eukaryotic PSII.
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Popov, Oleksandr O., Anna V. Iatsyshyn, Andrii V. Iatsyshyn, Valeriia O. Kovach, Volodymyr O. Artemchuk, Viktor O. Gurieiev, Yulii G. Kutsan, et al. Immersive technology for training and professional development of nuclear power plants personnel. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4631.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Training and professional development of nuclear power plant personnel are essential components of the atomic energy industry’s successful performance. The rapid growth of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies allowed to expand their scope and caused the need for various studies and experiments in terms of their application and effectiveness. Therefore, this publication studies the peculiarities of the application of VR and AR technologies for the training and professional development of personnel of nuclear power plants. The research and experiments on various aspects of VR and AR applications for specialists’ training in multiple fields have recently started. The analysis of international experience regarding the technologies application has shown that powerful companies and large companies have long used VR and AR in the industries they function. The paper analyzes the examples and trends of the application of VR technologies for nuclear power plants. It is determined that VR and AR’s economic efficiency for atomic power plants is achieved by eliminating design errors before starting the construction phase; reducing the cost and time expenditures for staff travel and staff training; increasing industrial safety, and increasing management efficiency. VR and AR technologies for nuclear power plants are successfully used in the following areas: modeling various atomic energy processes; construction of nuclear power plants; staff training and development; operation, repair, and maintenance of nuclear power plant equipment; presentation of activities and equipment. Peculiarities of application of VR and AR technologies for training of future specialists and advanced training of nuclear power plant personnel are analyzed. Staff training and professional development using VR and AR technologies take place in close to real-world conditions that are safe for participants and equipment. Applying VR and AR at nuclear power plants can increase efficiency: to work out the order of actions in the emergency mode; to optimize the temporary cost of urgent repairs; to test of dismantling/installation of elements of the equipment; to identify weaknesses in the work of individual pieces of equipment and the working complex as a whole. The trends in the application of VR and AR technologies for the popularization of professions in nuclear energy among children and youth are outlined. Due to VR and AR technologies, the issues of “nuclear energy safety” have gained new importance both for the personnel of nuclear power plants and for the training of future specialists in the energy sector. Using VR and AR to acquaint children and young people with atomic energy in a playful way, it becomes possible to inform about the peculiarities of the nuclear industry’s functioning and increase industry professions’ prestige.
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Kramer, Robert. LED Street Lighting Implementation Research, Support, and Testing. Purdue University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report describes the results of technical analysis, field tests, and laboratory tests that were performed for LED highway lighting options by the Energy Efficiency and Reliability Center (EERC) at Purdue University Northwest for the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT). This effort was conducted over the past 3 years to evaluate and test the technology and viability of using modern highway lighting technology to enhance energy efficiency, safety, security, and economic development of communities and roadways. During the testing period there was a continuous discussion between INDOT and EERC regarding the laboratory and field testing of INDOT approved luminaires submitted by vendors. There were multiple discussions with INDOT and vendors regarding the individual details and issues for the 29 luminaires that were tested. A comparison study was conducted by EERC of the various alternatives and comparison to currently installed luminaires. Data was collected for field tests of the luminaires by EERC and INDOT personnel for the luminaires. Field data was evaluated and compared to lighting models using vendor supplied ies data files. Multiple presentations were made at 3 separate Purdue Road Schools regarding the results and procedures of the testing program by EERC in conjunction with INDOT. A total of 22 final reports, considered confidential by INDOT, for individual vendor luminaires have been prepared as part of this effort. These reports were submitted sequentially to INDOT as testing was completed during the course of this effort. A total of 29 luminaires were tested. Some luminaire testing was terminated during testing due to design issues or vendor requests. All testing was summarized in the INDOT specification sheet attached to each report. Observations regarding the consistency of the supplied test luminaire with the requirements of Section 7.2 of the INDOT test procedure “Procedure for evaluation and approval list requirements for solid state ballasted luminaires ITM 957-17P” is provided in the Appendix to the report for each luminaire. Details regarding how these tests were performed and the respective associated evaluation of performance and reliability are provided in the report. This effort included: consideration of published and vendor information; appraisal of products consistent with national industry standards; review of physical design, thermal performance; laboratory testing of photopic performance, reliability, life cycle data and characteristics, and power characteristics; technical and probabilistic risk studies; and field testing and analysis of LED light sources including comparison to currently installed conventional light sources. Assistance in preparing INDOT standards for highway lighting was provided on multiple occasions.
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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti, and Muhammad Razin Abdullah. Leveraging the Potential of Crowdfunding for Financing Renewable Energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
• Renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia usually have IRR between 10% and 15% and PP around 6 to 30 years • Attractive return usually could be found in large scale RE projects, although there are numerous other factors involved including technology developments, capacity scale, power purchasing price agreements, project locations, as well as interest rates and applied incentives. • Crowdfunding (CF) has big potential to contribute to the financing of RE projects especially financing small scale RE projects. • P2P lending usually targeted short-term loans with high interest rates. Therefore, it cannot be employed as an alternative financing for RE projects in Indonesia. • Three types of CF that can be employed as an alternative for RE project funding in Indonesia. Namely, securities, reward, and donation-based CF. In addition, hybrid models such as securities-reward and reward-donation could also be explored according to the project profitability. • Several benefits offer by securities crowdfunding (SCF) compared to conventional banking and P2P lending, as follows: (1) issuer do not need to pledge assets as collateral; (2) do not require to pay instalment each month; (3) issuer share risks with investors with no obligation to cover the investor’s loss; (4) applicable for micro, small, medium, enterprises (MSMEs) with no complex requirements; and (5) there is possibility to attract investors with bring specific value. • Several challenges that need to be tackled such as the uncertainty of RE regulations; (1) issuer’s inability in managing the system and business; (2) the absence of third parties in bridging between CF platform and potential issuer from RE project owner; (3) the lack of financial literacy of the potential funders; and (4) lastly the inadequacy of study regarding potential funders in escalating the RE utilisation in Indonesia.
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Shmulevich, Itzhak, Shrini Upadhyaya, Dror Rubinstein, Zvika Asaf, and Jeffrey P. Mitchell. Developing Simulation Tool for the Prediction of Cohesive Behavior Agricultural Materials Using Discrete Element Modeling. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697108.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The underlying similarity between soils, grains, fertilizers, concentrated animal feed, pellets, and mixtures is that they are all granular materials used in agriculture. Modeling such materials is a complex process due to the spatial variability of such media, the origin of the material (natural or biological), the nonlinearity of these materials, the contact phenomenon and flow that occur at the interface zone and between these granular materials, as well as the dynamic effect of the interaction process. The lack of a tool for studying such materials has limited the understanding of the phenomena relevant to them, which in turn has led to energy loss and poor quality products. The objective of this study was to develop a reliable prediction simulation tool for cohesive agricultural particle materials using Discrete Element Modeling (DEM). The specific objectives of this study were (1) to develop and verify a 3D cohesionless agricultural soil-tillage tool interaction model that enables the prediction of displacement and flow in the soil media, as well as forces acting on various tillage tools, using the discrete element method; (2) to develop a micro model for the DEM formulation by creating a cohesive contact model based on liquid bridge forces for various agriculture materials; (3) to extend the model to include both plastic and cohesive behavior of various materials, such as grain and soil structures (e.g., compaction level), textures (e.g., clay, loam, several grains), and moisture contents; (4) to develop a method to obtain the parameters for the cohesion contact model to represent specific materials. A DEM model was developed that can represent both plastic and cohesive behavior of soil. Soil cohesive behavior was achieved by considering tensile force between elements. The developed DEM model well represented the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force. Laboratory test results showed that wedge penetration resistance in highly compacted soil was two times greater than that in low compacted soil, whereas DEM simulation with parameters obtained from the test of low compacted soil could not simply be extended to that of high compacted soil. The modified model took into account soil failure strength that could be changed with soil compaction. A three dimensional representation composed of normal displacement, shear failure strength and tensile failure strength was proposed to design mechanical properties between elements. The model based on the liquid bridge theory. An inter particle tension force measurement tool was developed and calibrated A comprehensive study of the parameters of the contact model for the DEM taking into account the cohesive/water-bridge was performed on various agricultural grains using this measurement tool. The modified DEM model was compared and validated against the test results. With the newly developed model and procedure for determination of DEM parameters, we could reproduce the high compacted soil behavior and reaction forces both qualitatively and quantitatively for the soil conditions and wedge shapes used in this study. Moreover, the effect of wedge shape on soil behavior and reaction force was well represented with the same parameters. During the research we made use of the commercial PFC3D to analyze soil tillage implements. An investigation was made of three different head drillers. A comparison of three commonly used soil tillage systems was completed, such as moldboard plow, disc plow and chisel plow. It can be concluded that the soil condition after plowing by the specific implement can be predicted by the DEM model. The chisel plow is the most economic tool for increasing soil porosity. The moldboard is the best tool for soil manipulation. It can be concluded that the discrete element simulation can be used as a reliable engineering tool for soil-implement interaction quantitatively and qualitatively.
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Galili, Naftali, Roger P. Rohrbach, Itzhak Shmulevich, Yoram Fuchs, and Giora Zauberman. Non-Destructive Quality Sensing of High-Value Agricultural Commodities Through Response Analysis. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7570549.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this project were to develop nondestructive methods for detection of internal properties and firmness of fruits and vegetables. One method was based on a soft piezoelectric film transducer developed in the Technion, for analysis of fruit response to low-energy excitation. The second method was a dot-matrix piezoelectric transducer of North Carolina State University, developed for contact-pressure analysis of fruit during impact. Two research teams, one in Israel and the other in North Carolina, coordinated their research effort according to the specific objectives of the project, to develop and apply the two complementary methods for quality control of agricultural commodities. In Israel: An improved firmness testing system was developed and tested with tropical fruits. The new system included an instrumented fruit-bed of three flexible piezoelectric sensors and miniature electromagnetic hammers, which served as fruit support and low-energy excitation device, respectively. Resonant frequencies were detected for determination of firmness index. Two new acoustic parameters were developed for evaluation of fruit firmness and maturity: a dumping-ratio and a centeroid of the frequency response. Experiments were performed with avocado and mango fruits. The internal damping ratio, which may indicate fruit ripeness, increased monotonically with time, while resonant frequencies and firmness indices decreased with time. Fruit samples were tested daily by destructive penetration test. A fairy high correlation was found in tropical fruits between the penetration force and the new acoustic parameters; a lower correlation was found between this parameter and the conventional firmness index. Improved table-top firmness testing units, Firmalon, with data-logging system and on-line data analysis capacity have been built. The new device was used for the full-scale experiments in the next two years, ahead of the original program and BARD timetable. Close cooperation was initiated with local industry for development of both off-line and on-line sorting and quality control of more agricultural commodities. Firmalon units were produced and operated in major packaging houses in Israel, Belgium and Washington State, on mango and avocado, apples, pears, tomatoes, melons and some other fruits, to gain field experience with the new method. The accumulated experimental data from all these activities is still analyzed, to improve firmness sorting criteria and shelf-life predicting curves for the different fruits. The test program in commercial CA storage facilities in Washington State included seven apple varieties: Fuji, Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith, Jonagold, Red Delicious, Golden Delicious, and D'Anjou pear variety. FI master-curves could be developed for the Braeburn, Gala, Granny Smith and Jonagold apples. These fruits showed a steady ripening process during the test period. Yet, more work should be conducted to reduce scattering of the data and to determine the confidence limits of the method. Nearly constant FI in Red Delicious and the fluctuations of FI in the Fuji apples should be re-examined. Three sets of experiment were performed with Flandria tomatoes. Despite the complex structure of the tomatoes, the acoustic method could be used for firmness evaluation and to follow the ripening evolution with time. Close agreement was achieved between the auction expert evaluation and that of the nondestructive acoustic test, where firmness index of 4.0 and more indicated grade-A tomatoes. More work is performed to refine the sorting algorithm and to develop a general ripening scale for automatic grading of tomatoes for the fresh fruit market. Galia melons were tested in Israel, in simulated export conditions. It was concluded that the Firmalon is capable of detecting the ripening of melons nondestructively, and sorted out the defective fruits from the export shipment. The cooperation with local industry resulted in development of automatic on-line prototype of the acoustic sensor, that may be incorporated with the export quality control system for melons. More interesting is the development of the remote firmness sensing method for sealed CA cool-rooms, where most of the full-year fruit yield in stored for off-season consumption. Hundreds of ripening monitor systems have been installed in major fruit storage facilities, and being evaluated now by the consumers. If successful, the new method may cause a major change in long-term fruit storage technology. More uses of the acoustic test method have been considered, for monitoring fruit maturity and harvest time, testing fruit samples or each individual fruit when entering the storage facilities, packaging house and auction, and in the supermarket. This approach may result in a full line of equipment for nondestructive quality control of fruits and vegetables, from the orchard or the greenhouse, through the entire sorting, grading and storage process, up to the consumer table. The developed technology offers a tool to determine the maturity of the fruits nondestructively by monitoring their acoustic response to mechanical impulse on the tree. A special device was built and preliminary tested in mango fruit. More development is needed to develop a portable, hand operated sensing method for this purpose. In North Carolina: Analysis method based on an Auto-Regressive (AR) model was developed for detecting the first resonance of fruit from their response to mechanical impulse. The algorithm included a routine that detects the first resonant frequency from as many sensors as possible. Experiments on Red Delicious apples were performed and their firmness was determined. The AR method allowed the detection of the first resonance. The method could be fast enough to be utilized in a real time sorting machine. Yet, further study is needed to look for improvement of the search algorithm of the methods. An impact contact-pressure measurement system and Neural Network (NN) identification method were developed to investigate the relationships between surface pressure distributions on selected fruits and their respective internal textural qualities. A piezoelectric dot-matrix pressure transducer was developed for the purpose of acquiring time-sampled pressure profiles during impact. The acquired data was transferred into a personal computer and accurate visualization of animated data were presented. Preliminary test with 10 apples has been performed. Measurement were made by the contact-pressure transducer in two different positions. Complementary measurements were made on the same apples by using the Firmalon and Magness Taylor (MT) testers. Three-layer neural network was designed. 2/3 of the contact-pressure data were used as training input data and corresponding MT data as training target data. The remaining data were used as NN checking data. Six samples randomly chosen from the ten measured samples and their corresponding Firmalon values were used as the NN training and target data, respectively. The remaining four samples' data were input to the NN. The NN results consistent with the Firmness Tester values. So, if more training data would be obtained, the output should be more accurate. In addition, the Firmness Tester values do not consistent with MT firmness tester values. The NN method developed in this study appears to be a useful tool to emulate the MT Firmness test results without destroying the apple samples. To get more accurate estimation of MT firmness a much larger training data set is required. When the larger sensitive area of the pressure sensor being developed in this project becomes available, the entire contact 'shape' will provide additional information and the neural network results would be more accurate. It has been shown that the impact information can be utilized in the determination of internal quality factors of fruit. Until now,
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NREL's System Advisor Model Simplifies Complex Energy Analysis (Fact Sheet). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1027679.
Повний текст джерела
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EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF RING-BEAM CONNECTION TO GANGUE CONCRETE FILLED STEEL TUBULAR COLUMNS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents an investigation on seismic performance of a ring-beam connection that is used to connect reinforced gangue concrete (RGC) beam to coal-gangue concrete-filled steel tubular (GCFST) column. Two specimens, including an interior connection with two beams and an exterior connection with one beam, were designed and fabricated for experimental tests under full-reversing cyclic loads at beam ends. In addition, finite element models which corresponded to tested specimens were developed using ABAQUS to conduct numerical simulations of the composite connection subjected to the combined axial and cyclic loads. The feasibility of the developed model to predict failure modes and load-deformation response of the connection was validated by comparing with test results. The response of the ring-beam connection to cyclic loads was examined with respects to the load-bearing capacity, deformation resistance, stiffness and strength degradation, ability to dissipate energy in a seismic event, and ductility. With numerical models, parametric analysis was completed to evaluate the influences of material and structural parameters on connection resistance against cyclic loads. Based on the results of parametric studies, a restoring force model of skeleton curve for the ring-beam connection was developed in terms of ultimate capacity and corresponding deformation. The results provided practical suggestions for the application of ring-beam connection to GCFST column in the projects.
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EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF PEC COMPOSITE COLUMN-STEEL BEAM FRAME WITH WELDED T-STUB STRENGTHENED CONNECTIONS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2021.17.3.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seismic performance of innovative Partially Encased Composite (PEC) column-steel beam composite frame was investigated, where the connection was strengthened by the welded T-stub. A ½ scale, two-storey, and one bay composite frame specimen was designed and fabricated for the quasi-static test. Through the experimental observation and measurements, the seismic performance were evaluated, including hysteretic characteristic, lateral stiffness, seismic energy dissipation, and ductility. The plastic damage evolution process and ductile failure mode were clarified. The results indicated that the welded T-stud strengthened connection enhanced the integrity of the frame and led to higher seismic strength and larger lateral stiffness. The plastic hinge was observed away from the beam end due to the welded T-stud and the specimen exhibited an approximately completed hysteretic loop. Without significant decreasing of the ultimate bearing capacity, its overall drift, ductility efficient and equivalent viscous damping ratio were 3.63% (push) / 4.07% (pull), 3.21 (push) / 3.70 (pull) and 0.261 respectively. The proposed structure possesses sound deformation, ductility, and energy-dissipation capacity with the desired plastic failure mode induced by the plastic hinges formed in all beam sections near the T-stud end and column section at the bottom, successively. It was demonstrated an ideal ductile energy-dissipation mode of the frame structure.
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Multiple Engine Faults Detection Using Variational Mode Decomposition and GA-K-means. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-01-0616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As a critical power source, the diesel engine is widely used in various situations. Diesel engine failure may lead to serious property losses and even accidents. Fault detection can improve the safety of diesel engines and reduce economic loss. Surface vibration signal is often used in non-disassembly fault diagnosis because of its convenient measurement and stability. This paper proposed a novel method for engine fault detection based on vibration signals using variational mode decomposition (VMD), K-means, and genetic algorithm. The mode number of VMD dramatically affects the accuracy of extracting signal components. Therefore, a method based on spectral energy distribution is proposed to determine the parameter, and the quadratic penalty term is optimized according to SNR. The results show that the optimized VMD can adaptively extract the vibration signal components of the diesel engine. In the actual fault diagnosis case, it is difficult to obtain the data with labels. The clustering algorithm can complete the classification without labeled data, but it is limited by the low accuracy. In this paper, the optimized VMD is used to decompose and standardize the vibration signal. Then the correlation-based feature selection method is implemented to obtain the feature results after dimensionality reduction. Finally, the results are input into the classifier combined by K-means and genetic algorithm (GA). By introducing and optimizing the genetic algorithm, the number of classes can be selected automatically, and the accuracy is significantly improved. This method can carry out adaptive multiple fault detection of a diesel engine without labeled data. Compared with many supervised learning algorithms, the proposed method also has high accuracy.