Готові списки джерел за темами / Modelling, multi-physics, fuel cell, PEM

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Modelling, multi-physics, fuel cell, PEM"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Modelling, multi-physics, fuel cell, PEM"

Riccardi, Matteo, Alessandro d’Adamo, Andrea Vaini, Marcello Romagnoli, Massimo Borghi, and Stefano Fontanesi. "Experimental Validation of a 3D-CFD Model of a PEM Fuel Cell." E3S Web of Conferences 197 (2020): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019705004.

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The growing energy demand is inevitably accompanied by a strong increase in greenhouse gas emissions, primarily carbon dioxide. The adoption of new energy vectors is therefore seen as the most promising countermeasure. In this context, hydrogen is an extremely interesting energy carrier, since it can be used as a fuel in both conventional energy systems (internal combustion engines, turbines) and in Fuel Cells (FC). In particular, PEM (Polymeric Electrolyte Membrane) FC are given growing attention in the transportation sector as a Life-Cycle viable solution to sustainable mobility. The use of 3D CFD analysis of for the development of efficient FC architectures is extremely interesting since it can provide a fast development tool for design exploration and optimization. The designer can therefore take advantage of a robust and accurate modelling in order to define and develop fuel cell systems in a more time-efficient and cost-efficient way, to optimize their performance and to lower their production costs. So far, studies available in the scientific literature lack of quantitative validation of the CFD simulations of complete PEM fuel cells against experimental evidence. The proposed study presents a quantitative validation of a multi-physics model of a Clearpak PEM cell. The chemistry and physics implemented in the methodology allow the authors to obtain both thermal and electrical results, characterizing the performance of each component of the PEM. The results obtained, compared with the experimental polarization curve, show that the model is not only numerically stable and robust in terms of boundary conditions, but also capable to accurately characterize the performance of the PEM cell over almost its entire polarization range.

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d’Adamo, Alessandro, Maximilian Haslinger, Giuseppe Corda, Johannes Höflinger, Stefano Fontanesi, and Thomas Lauer. "Modelling Methods and Validation Techniques for CFD Simulations of PEM Fuel Cells." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040688.

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The large-scale adoption of fuel cells system for sustainable power generation will require the combined use of both multidimensional models and of dedicated testing techniques, in order to evolve the current technology beyond its present status. This requires an unprecedented understanding of concurrent and interacting fluid dynamics, material and electrochemical processes. In this review article, Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) are analysed. In the first part, the most common approaches for multi-phase/multi-physics modelling are presented in their governing equations, inherent limitations and accurate materials characterisation for diffusion layers, membrane and catalyst layers. This provides a thorough overview of key aspects to be included in multidimensional CFD models. In the second part, advanced diagnostic techniques are surveyed, indicating testing practices to accurately characterise the cell operation. These can be used to validate models, complementing the conventional observation of the current–voltage curve with key operating parameters, thus defining a joint modelling/testing environment. The two sections complement each other in portraying a unified framework of interrelated physical/chemical processes, laying the foundation of a robust and complete understanding of PEMFC. This is needed to advance the current technology and to consciously use the ever-growing availability of computational resources in the next future.

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d’Adamo, Alessandro, Matteo Riccardi, Massimo Borghi, and Stefano Fontanesi. "CFD Modelling of a Hydrogen/Air PEM Fuel Cell with a Serpentine Gas Distributor." Processes 9, no. 3 (March 23, 2021): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9030564.

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Hydrogen-fueled fuel cells are considered one of the key strategies to tackle the achievement of fully-sustainable mobility. The transportation sector is paying significant attention to the development and industrialization of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) to be introduced alongside batteries, reaching the goal of complete de-carbonization. In this paper a multi-phase, multi-component, and non-isothermal 3D-CFD model is presented to simulate the fluid, heat, and charge transport processes developing inside a hydrogen/air PEMFC with a serpentine-type gas distributor. Model results are compared against experimental data in terms of polarization and power density curves, including an improved formulation of exchange current density at the cathode catalyst layer, improving the simulation results’ accuracy in the activation-dominated region. Then, 3D-CFD fields of reactants’ delivery to the active electrochemical surface, reaction rates, temperature distributions, and liquid water formation are analyzed, and critical aspects of the current design are commented, i.e., the inhomogeneous use of the active surface for reactions, limiting the produced current and inducing gradients in thermal and reaction rate distribution. The study shows how a complete multi-dimensional framework for physical and chemical processes of PEMFC can be used to understand limiting processes and to guide future development.

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IONESCU, Viorel. "Water and hydrogen transport modelling through the membrane-electrode assembly of a PEM fuel cell." Physica Scripta 95, no. 3 (February 6, 2020): 034006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ab51ee.

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Bouaicha, Arafet, Hatem Allagui, El-Hassane Aglzim, Amar Rouane, and Adelkader Mami. "Validation of a methodology for determining the PEM fuel cell complex impedance modelling parameters." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42, no. 17 (April 2017): 12738–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.01.114.

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Prasad, Devendra, G. Naga Srinivasulu, Ajaya Bharti, Naveen Kumar, Venkateswarlu Velisala, and Akhilesh Kumar Chauhan. "Numerical Modelling and Simulation to Investigate the Effect of Flow Field Pattern on the Performance of PEM Fuel Cells." Materials Science Forum 1065 (June 30, 2022): 157–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-b5lka8.

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The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) performance is improved by flow field channel design. The flow field reactant distribution geometry on PEMFCs is primarily influenced by the perceived effect of pressure and transmission characteristics of reactant flow fields on the efficiency of fuel cells. Nutrients distributed in the biological branching structures systems found their optimum arrangement have more efficiently in each part. The flow fields design channels in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells serve the same roles as nutrient transport systems in plants and animals, so bio-inspired flow fields design with a similar could maximize reactant transport efficiency and improve fuel cell performance. In this analysis, the lung channel design of a humane lung and a tree leaf bio-inspired flow field design is used for the flow fields of the anode and cathode bipolar plates. SOLIDWORKS produces a 3-D numerical CFD design for four new flow field pattern designs: leaf design, lung design, single-serpentine, and triple-serpentine. The model is simulated using ANSYS FLUENT-15.0 software to obtain pressure distributions in the flow field, concentration profiles of hydrogen on anode and oxygen on cathode channel, current flux density on the membrane, water concentration on the membrane, water generating in a cathode channel, the polarization curve and the power curve. It is observed that bio-inspired leaf and lung design performs better than serpentine flow field channels. So, leaf and lung design can be used in mopeds and automobiles to enhance electrical efficiency and at the same time reduce fuel consumption.

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Guo, Qing, Fang Ye, Hang Guo, and Chong Fang Ma. "Gas/Water and Heat Management of PEM-Based Fuel Cell and Electrolyzer Systems for Space Applications." Microgravity Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (November 23, 2016): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12217-016-9525-6.

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Vudata, Sai, Yifan Wang, James M. Fenton, and Paul Brooker. "Transient Modeling and Optimization of a PEM Electrolyzer for Solar Photovoltaic Power Smoothing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 39 (July 7, 2022): 1728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01391728mtgabs.

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While renewable energy fuel has always had no cost, in the past the cost of the energy conversion technology was prohibitive. Today, due to improved efficiency in the technology and substantial increases in manufacturing volume the cost to generate electricity from the renewables and the cost to store this electricity in lithium-ion batteries for four hours has made these technologies more than competitive with traditional sources. As higher renewable energy penetrations occur the variability and intermittent nature of solar photovoltaic (PV) electricity can cause steep ramping of conventional power plants, so longer term energy storage (days, weeks, instead of hours) will be needed to increase the reliability of grid operation. In Florida cloud cover of a PV field can cause rapid fluctuations of PV output requiring a fast response to smooth out the PV electric power output. A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) electrolyzer can serve as a utility controllable load that can be available at all times and the produced hydrogen can be sold or converted back into electricity directly through a PEM fuel cell. To study the integration of renewable solar with hydrogen for increasing grid reliability, a multi-software power control method and a transient thermal electrochemical PEM electrolyzer model has been developed. One-dimensional ("through-plane") and two-dimensional ("through-plane" and "in-plane") un-steady state models using gPROMS 2.1.1. were developed. The model considers mass, energy, momentum and current balance equations. The thermal energy balance considers the heat transfer through the backing layer, the flowfield plates and the gas and liquid flows. Kinetic parameters used in the model were determined using parameter estimation of single cell steady state polarization curves [1]. The single cell unsteady state models were extended to a stack model by adding cells in series and parallel. Real-time PV data taken from a 8.9 MWAC solar farm from Orlando Utilities Commission’s Stanton Energy Center was scaled up to 75 MWAC to design the electrolyzer that would be sized with the typical utility PV installation in Florida. The 75 MW PV data was smoothed using a power control strategy developed in MATLAB. The developed multi-software power control method and the electrochemical dynamic stack model shows the effectiveness of an electrolyzer in smoothing the PV signal to increase the grid stability and flexibility. Results are presented of different size electrolyzers to minimize short term cloud cover spikes in power while maximizing hydrogen production and the effectiveness of the electrolyzer. [1] Vincenzo Liso, Giorgio Savoia, Samuel Simon Araya, Giovanni Cinti and Søren Knudsen Kær, “Modelling and Experimental Analysis of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Water Electrolysis Cell at Different Operating Temperatures”, Energies, 11 (2018) 3272. doi:10.3390/en11123273

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Obayopo, S. O., T. Bello-Ochende, and J. P. Meyer. "Modelling and optimization of reactant gas transport in a PEM fuel cell with a transverse pin fin insert in channel flow." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37, no. 13 (July 2012): 10286–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.150.

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Vijayaraghavan, V., Jacob F. N. Dethan, and A. Garg. "Tensile loading characteristics of hydrogen stored carbon nanotubes in PEM fuel cell operating conditions using molecular dynamics simulation." Molecular Simulation 44, no. 9 (February 27, 2018): 736–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927022.2018.1445246.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Modelling, multi-physics, fuel cell, PEM"

Buchholz, Michael, Mathias Eswein, and Volker Krebs. "Modelling PEM fuel cell stacks for FDI using linear subspace identification." In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA) part of the IEEE Multi-Conference on Systems and Control. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cca.2008.4629629.

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Nahui-Ortiz, Johnny, Alejandro Mendoza, Serapio A. Quillos-Ruiz, and Nelver Escalante-Espinoza. "Energy-Environmental Modelling Of A PEM-Type Fuel Cell For Hydrogen Production." In The 19th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology: “Prospective and trends in technology and skills for sustainable social development” “Leveraging emerging technologies to construct the future”. Latin American and Caribbean Consortium of Engineering Institutions, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2021.1.1.239.

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Miotti, Alessandro, Alfonso Di Domenico, Angelo Esposito, and Yann G. Guezennec. "Transient Analysis and Modelling of Automotive PEM Fuel Cell System Accounting for Water Transport Dynamics." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97237.

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Dynamic behavior and transient analysis are one of the most critical issues for high performance polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cells. An improvement of performance can be achieved both with hardware modifications and with more sophisticated control strategies. To this regard, the availability of a reliable dynamic fuel cell model plays an important role in the design of fuel cell control and diagnostic system. This paper presents a non-linear, iso-thermal, zero-dimensional model of a pressurized PEM fuel cell system used for automotive applications. The model was derived from a detailed, iso-thermal, steady-state, dimensional model which explicitly calculated (and subsequently captured as a multi-D look-up table) the relationship between cathode and anode pressures and humidity and stack average current. Since in the electrochemical model the single cell performance depends on the membrane ionic resistance, which is strictly related to the membrane water content, a dynamic estimation of the membrane water diffusion has been considered. This takes into account the dependence of the cell voltage on the unsteady membrane water concentration. A similar approach still allows the development of a simple zero-dimensional dynamic model suitable for control system development and amenable to control-oriented humidity modelling.

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Sui, P. C., N. Djilali, and Qianpu Wang. "A Pore Scale Model for the Transport Phenomena in the Catalyst Layer of a PEM Fuel Cell." In ASME 2008 First International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat Transfer. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnht2008-52152.

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In a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the catalyst layer is a porous medium made of carbon-supported catalysts and solid electrolyte, and has a thickness in the order of 10 μm. Within this layer, complex transport phenomena take place: transport of charged species (H+, electrons and ionic radicals), non-charged species (gaseous H2O, O2, H2, N2 and liquid water) and heat transfer occur in their own pathways. Furthermore, phase change of water and physiochemical/electrochemical reactions also take place on phase boundaries. These transport process take place in an intertwined network of materials having characteristic length scale ranging from nano-meters to micro-meters. The objective of the present study is two-fold, i.e., to develop a rigorous theoretical framework based on which the transport in the micro-structural level can be modelled, and to construct a pore scale model that resolves the geometry of the phases (carbon, ionomer and gas pores) for which direct numerical simulation can be performed. The theoretical framework is developed by employing the volume-averaging techniques for multi-phase porous media. The complete set of the conservation equations for all species in all phases are derived and every interfacial transport is accounted. The problem of model closure on the terms in the transport equations is addressed by the pore-scale model reported in the present study. A 3-D pore-scale model is constructed by a solid model that consists of packing spherical carbon particles and simulated ionomer coating on these carbon aggregates. The index system of the pore-scale model allows easy identification of volumetric pathway, interfaces and triple phase boundaries. The transport of charged and non-charged species is simulated by solving the equations based on first principle in the entire representative element volume (REV) domain. The computational domain contains typically several million cells and a parallelized, iterative solver, GMRES, is employed to solve the coupled transport with complex geometries. Computational results based on the pore-scale model show that the effective transport properties of the species are strongly affected by the micro-structure, e.g. morphology and phase-connectivity. Further simulations and investigation on the coupling effects of the transport are underway. Combination of the proposed theoretical framework and pore-scale model will lay a foundation for the construction of multi-scale modelling of the PEMFC catalyst layer. On the one hand, the pore-scale model helps close the macroscopic volume-averaged equations in the framework. On the other hand, the pore-scale model provides a platform to include microscopic or atomistic simulations.

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Alotto, P., and M. Guarnieri. "Multi-physics model for regenerative PEM fuel cell energy storage." In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icit.2013.6505765.

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Zhou, Y., G. Lin, A. J. Shih, and S. J. Hu. "Assembly and Performance Modeling of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells." In ASME 2009 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2009-84133.

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Proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are favored in many applications due to their simplicity and relatively high power density. However, there has been a lack of understandings of the fundamental mechanisms of assembly and manufacturing induced phenomena and their influence on performance and durability. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of assembly pressure induced phenomena in PEM fuel cells using multi-physics based modeling. A finite-element-based structural and mass-transfer model was developed by integrating mechanical deformation, mass transfer resistance, and electrical contact resistance to study the effects of assembly pressure and the fuel cell overall performance. Contact resistance, inhomogeneous deformation of membrane and GDL, electrochemical analysis were simulated. The fuel cell performance was predicted and an optimal assembly pressure was identified through this multi-physics model. Results show that PEM fuel cell performance first increases gradually to a maximum and then decreases with further assembly pressure increase. The influence of temperature and humidity on cell performance was also investigated.

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Guglielmo, Dave C., Todd T. B. Snelson, and Daniel F. Walczyk. "Modeling Ultrasonic Sealing of Membrane Electrode Assemblies for High-Temperature PEM Fuel Cells." In ASME 2011 9th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with ASME 2011 5th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2011-54427.

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Ultrasonic bonding, with its extremely fast cycle times and energy efficiency, is being investigated as an important manufacturing technology for future mass production of fuel cells. The objectives of the authors’ research are to (1) create a multi-physics simulation model that predicts through-thickness energy distribution and temperature gradients during ultrasonic sealing of polybenzimidazole (PBI) based Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEAs) for High Temperature PEM fuel cells, and (2) correlate the model with experimentally measured internal interface (e.g., membrane/catalyst layer) temperatures. The multi-physics model incorporates the electrode and membrane material properties (stiffness and damping) in conjunction with the ultrasonic process parameters including pressure, energy flux and vibration amplitude. Overall, the processing of MEAs with ultrasonic bonding rather than a hydraulic thermal press results in MEAs that meet or exceed required performance specifications, and potentially reduces the manufacturing time from minutes to seconds.

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Li, Yongqiang, Jennifer Quincy, Scott W. Case, David A. Dillard, Michael Budinski, and Yeh-Hung Lai. "Using a Knife Slitting Test to Characterize the Fracture Resistance of Proton Exchange Membranes." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97096.

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Through-the-thickness flaws or “pinholes” in proton exchange membranes (PEM) can lead to gas crossover, reducing fuel cell efficiency, accelerating degradation, and raising safety issues. The multi-physics process that causes these flaws is not fully understood, but stress state, environmental exposure, and cyclic operation may all be contributing factors. Fracture mechanics has proven to be useful in characterizing degradation of many materials, including polymers subjected to environmental challenges. Although unclear if pinhole formation can be successfully characterized and predicted from a fracture perspective, this study continues our prior work to characterize PEMs in such a manner. Because of the lack of constraint, thin films often exhibit very high fracture energies and large plastic zones, features that are not consistent with observations of PEM failures. In an effort to obtain the fracture energy with very little dissipation, knife-slitting tests were conducted to reduce the crack tip plasticity. With modifications made to the systems used by Wang and Gent (1994) and by Dillard et al (2005), a slitter that maintains a constant tearing angle during the slitting process was developed. While fracture energies on the order of 104J/m2 were measured with double edge notched test samples, and on the order of 103J/m2 were measured with trouser tear samples, the knife slit test resulted in fracture energies as low as several hundred J/m2. An environmental chamber was used to enclose the slitting process so experiments at elevated temperature and moisture levels could be conducted. The relevance of these fracture energies to observed PEM failures in operating fuel cells is not fully understood. Nonetheless, the ability to obtain fracture energies approaching the intrinsic fracture energy of these ductile membranes is believed to be useful in studying what appear to be more brittle fracture modes that have been observed in PEMs.

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Asinari, Pietro, Marco Coppo, Michael R. von Spakovsky, and Bhavani V. Kasula. "Numerical Simulations of Gaseous Mixture Flow in Porous Electrodes for PEM Fuel Cells by the Lattice Boltzmann Method." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74046.

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Throughout the last decade, a considerable amount of work has been carried out in order to obtain ever more refined models of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. While many of the phenomena occurring in a fuel cell have been described with ever more complex models, the flow of gaseous mixtures in the porous electrodes has continued to be modeled with Darcy’s law in order to take into account interactions with the solid structure and with Fick’s law in order to take into account interactions among species. Both of these laws derive from the macroscopic continuum approach, which essentially consists of applying some sort of homogenization technique which properly averages the underlying microscopic phenomena for producing measurable quantities. Unfortunately, these quantities in the porous electrodes of fuel cells are sometimes measurable only in principle. For this reason, this type of approach introduces uncertain macroscopic parameters which can significantly affect the numerical results. This paper is part of an ongoing effort to address the problem following an alternative approach. The key idea is to numerically simulate the underlying microscopic phenomena in an effort to bring the mathematical description nearer to actual reality. In order to reach this goal, some recently developed mesoscopic tools appear to be very promising since the microscopic approach is in this particularly case partially included in the numerical method itself. In particular, the lattice Boltzmann models treat the problem by reproducing the collisions among particles of the same type, among particles belonging to different species, and finally among the species and the solid obstructions. Recently, a procedure based on a lattice Boltzmann model for calculating the hydraulic constant as a function of material structure and applied pressure gradient was defined and applied. This model has since been extended in order to include gaseous mixtures with different methods being considered in order to simulate the coupling strength among the species. The present paper reports the results of this extended model for PEM fuel cell applications and in particular for the analysis of the fluid flow of gaseous mixtures through porous electrodes. Because of the increasing computational needs due to both three–dimensional descriptions and multi-physics models, the need for large parallel computing is indicated and some features of this improvement are reported.

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Akbay, Taner, Norihisa Chitose, Takashi Miyazawa, Naoya Murakami, Kei Hosoi, Futoshi Nishiwaki, and Toru Inagaki. "A Unique Seal-Less Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Stack and Its CFD Analysis." In ASME 2006 4th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2006-97072.

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Combined Heat and Power (CHP) generation units based on intermediate temperature (600∼800°C) solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) modules have been collaboratively developed by Mitsubishi Materials Corporation and The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. Currently, hydrocarbon fuel utilising units designed to produce modular power outputs up to 10 kWe-AC with overall efficiencies greater than 80% (HHV) are being tested. A unique seal-less stack concept is adopted to build SOFC modules accommodating multiple stacks incorporated of stainless steel separators and disk-type planar electrolyte-supported cells. In order to advance the current technology to achieve improved levels of efficiency and reliability, through design iterations, computational modelling tools are being heavily utilised. This contribution will describe the results of coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis performed on our fourth-generation 1 kW class SOFC stack. A commercially available CFD code is employed for solving the governing equations for conservation of mass, momentum and energy. In addition, a local electrochemical reaction model is coupled to the rest of the transport processes that take place within the SOFC stack. It is found that the CFD based multi-physics model is capable of providing necessary and proper guidance for identifying problem areas in designing multi-cell SOFC stacks. The stack performance is also estimated by calibrating the computational model against data obtained by experimental measurements.

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