Дисертації з теми "Modélisation des défauts"
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Gasca, Petrica. "Zirconium – modélisation ab initio de la diffusion des défauts ponctuels." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10111/document.
Повний текст джерелаZirconium is the main element of the cladding found in pressurized water reactors, under an alloy form. Under irradiation, the cladding elongate significantly, phenomena attributed to the vacancy dislocation loops growth in the basal planes of the hexagonal compact structure. The understanding of the atomic scale mechanisms originating this process motivated this work. Using the ab initio atomic modeling technique we studied the structure and mobility of point defects in Zirconium. This led us to find four interstitial point defects with formation energies in an interval of 0.11 eV. The migration paths study allowed the discovery of activation energies, used as entry parameters for a kinetic Monte Carlo code. This code was developed for calculating the diffusion coefficient of the interstitial point defect. Our results suggest a migration parallel to the basal plane twice as fast as one parallel to the c direction, with an activation energy of 0.08 eV, independent of the direction. The vacancy diffusion coefficient, estimated with a two-jump model, is also anisotropic, with a faster process in the basal planes than perpendicular to them. Hydrogen influence on the vacancy dislocation loops nucleation was also studied, due to recent experimental observations of cladding growth acceleration in the presence of this element
Didier, Gaëtan. "Modélisation et diagnostic de la machine asynchrone en présence de défaillances." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10163.
Повний текст джерелаIn this study, we move on to the broken rotor bar diagnosis of squirrel-cage induction machines. The first part is devoted to the development of a model which is based on the magnetically coupled electric circuits. We present three methods allowing detection of a rotor defect of an induction machine. The first method is based on the evaluation of several indexes calculated starting from the amplitude of the components present in the spectra of the instantaneous power and the line current. The second method of detection suggested uses the stator current spectrum phase calculated starting from a Fourier Transform. To improve the detection, we use the Hilbert transform phase calculated starting from the stator current spectrum module. These approaches have the characteristic to be based on any threshold of reference to establish the presence of a broken rotor bar
Houarche, Nicolas. "Modélisation de défauts paramétriques en vue de tests statiques et dynamiques." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481534.
Повний текст джерелаBohl, Evans. "Modélisation de fruits, de leur structure interne et de leurs défauts." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0070/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the largest areas of research in computer graphics deals with natural phenomena representation. Over the years, as our understanding of nature grew, researchers started to propose new ways of simulating the various natural phenomena that we can observe in our everyday life. In this thesis, we focused on the representation of fruits. The fruit is a complex object. Depending on the desired accuracy, modeling a 3D fruit using classic 3D modeling software can become very tedious. We propose a model for generating vast varieties of fruits as well as their internal structure, thanks to the use of a single formal grammar. Each fruit that will be generated using our method will have global features that characterize its species, but it will also have local variations that are specific to it. The second part of ou work involves the representation of geometrical imperfections along the fruit. The fruit is the result of a series of physiological processes that strongly interact with each other. When one of these processes does not work the way it should, this dysfunction is materialized in the form of a shape defect. Our model introduces a simple approach, based on the use of grammars, which will allow us to apply variations on fruits in order to generate various categories of shape defects
Miorelli, Roberto. "Modélisation du contrôle par méthodes électromagnétiques de défauts réalistes de type fissuration." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112302.
Повний текст джерелаNon Destructive Testing (NDT) with Eddy Current (EC) techniques are is widely employed in several industrial sectors for cracks detection. Numerical simulation tools are largely used in order to design sensors, understand the signals collected during the measurements process and to provide a support in expertise. This work has been accomplished inside CEA LIST in collaboration with L2S-Supélec. It is also a part of the CIVAMONT 2012 project, with the active participation of MEANDER laboratory members from University of Western Macedonia (Greece) and Technological Educational Institute of Western Macedonia (Greece). The main goal of our work has consisted in to developing a semi-analytical modeling approach, devoted to Eddy Current Testing (ECT) of multiple narrow cracks in planar multilayered structures. From the numerical point of view, simulation of multiple narrow cracks problems is a difficult task for classical methods, like for example the Volume Integral Method (VIM) or the Finite Element Method (FEM). The main issues reside in geometrical characteristics of narrow crack themselves. Indeed, a narrow crack presents a small opening as well as complex profile and a complex shape, with possible electrical contacts inside it. All these features increase enormously, with classical methods, the difficulty to simulate in rapid and/or precise way problems involving narrow cracks. We have tackled the narrow crack issue by developing a Boundary Element Method (BEM) dedicated to ECT signal modeling, starting from an approach presented in literature. Then, we have extended its capability to more realistic and challenging cases, such as the ECT of multilayered structures affected by complex narrow cracks. The principle of this method is to introduce additional assumptions, leading to the description of the crack perturbation as the effect of a dipole distribution, oriented toward the crack opening. Numerically speaking, such a description makes it possible to largely reduce, compared to the VIM, the number of unknowns that one needs to properly solve the problem. A particular attention has been devoted to the analytical formulation, in order to achieve generality, accuracy and efficiency. A precise derivation of the spectral-domain Dyadic Green Function (DGF) associated to our problem has first been developed. In this work, analytical expressions of the spectral-domain DGF have been obtained via the Discrete Complex Image Method (DCIM). Then, an accurate approximation of the spectral-domain DGF has been achieved via the Generalized Pencil of Function (GPOF) method. Therefore, the closed-form of the spectral-domain DGF, expressed under the form of Sommerfeld Integrals (SIs), has been calculated analytically. Finally, the integral equation(s) associate to the electromagnetic problem is solved by applying the Method of Moments (MoM).Validations with respect to experiments and commercial simulation software have been performed to test the model. A large set of configurations have been chosen in order to address realistic configurations involving multiple narrow cracks embedded in different layers of a given multilayered structure. The model proposed has shown its promising performance in terms of computational time compared with the VIM and the FEM. Moreover, a very good agreement with respect to the experimental data has always been observed. In the last and very recent part of our work, a coupled approach between BEM and VIM has been studied and developed in order to address, in a efficient way, problems where narrow cracks appear in the vicinity of with volumetric flaws (for example the simulation of fastener sites inspections). Comparisons with experimental measures have shown that the coupled approach is capable to achieve, overall, better results than the VIM and saves a lot of computational time
Leboeuf, Nicolas. "Contribution à l'étude des machines synchrones à aimants permanents en présence de défauts inter-spires : modélisation, détection de défauts inter-spires." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0364/document.
Повний текст джерелаEmbedded electric systems in aircraft applications have to satisfy to specifications including weight, performances and reliability leading to the use of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (PMSM). Due to these constraints, prototypes are often different from classical PMSM. Online monitoring of these systems is challenging but is still important regarding safety applications (electro mechanical airfoil, braking?). The main aim is to detect major incidents in order to use redundant systems. This work concerns modeling of PMSM under both healthy and inter-turn fault cases in order to defined online fault detection methods without additional sensors. Two approaches are presented and compared to experimental tests concerning PMSM under inter-turn fault conditions. One of them is based on Permeance Network (PN) modelling. It can be considered to be the best compromise. The next part deals with two fault indicators methods based on healthy models of Inverter and PMSM and shows improvements brought by these approaches compared to classical methods. The whole indicators are analyzed using Pattern Recognition (PR)
Rouached, Bouali, and Bouali Rouached. "Contribution à la modélisation des défauts de bobinages des machines électriques et à leur détection par des mesures au rotor." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69310.
Повний текст джерелаCe travail de thèse traite de la détection des défauts de bobinages au stator dans les machines électriques contenant une structure d'amortissement. Les courts-circuits entre spires d'un même enroulement sont souvent la prémisse de l'apparition d'autres défauts de bobinages dont les conséquences sont plus sévères. La précocité de détection est donc essentielle pour préserver les machines et leur environnement humain ou matériel. Dans cet ouvrage, nous proposons une solution innovante de discrimination des courts-circuits basée sur la redondance de signaux mesurés au rotor. Pour définir celle-ci, une modélisation d'ordre élevé combinant l'approche des éléments finis et celle des circuits couplés a été employée. La première est utilisée pour déterminer les paramètres (couplages magnétiques) exploités par la seconde qui n'est autre que le modèle comportemental. Comme l'inconvénient de cette combinaison d'approches est le temps utile à l'identification des couplages magnétiques et sachant que diverses configurations de bobinage doivent être modélisées, une nouvelle méthodologie d'identification a été développée. Après une première identification (éléments finis) à temps réduit, celle-ci offre la possibilité d'estimer les paramètres d'une configuration de bobinage souhaitée sans réutilisation de la résolution par éléments finis. En plus de son exploitation pour mettre en œuvre le procédé de détection présenté, cette méthodologie d'identification est un générateur de paramètres utiles pour des détections basées sur « l'estimation paramétrique ». La modélisation des circuits couplés présente un excellent rapport précision/temps de calcul et une bonne efficacité dans la représentation des phénomènes spatiotemporels. L'intégration d'un défaut de bobinage nécessite de faire évoluer les équations de circuits du modèle. À des fins d'atteindre l'objectif de cette thèse, la structure du modèle a été modifiée pour introduire les courts-circuits entre spires au stator. En dehors de l'application présentée, l'association de la méthode d'identification avec le modèle comportemental permet la reproduction rapide de forme d'onde multiple, notamment exploitable dans les approches de détection orientée « signal ». Enfin, à partir de l'outil résultant des travaux précédents, le procédé de diagnostic a pu être déterminé. La sensibilité de détection est le critère principal pour la définition de la technique instrumentale et des traitements de signaux du procédé. L'influence des conditions de fonctionnement sur la sensibilité de détection est évaluée et est considérée pour le choix des solutions retenues. Ce procédé a été validé expérimentalement sur un alternateur synchrone à rotor bobiné de 5.4KVA.
This thesis deals with the detection of stator winding faults in electrical machines containing a damping structure. Short-circuits between turns of the same winding are often the premise for the appearance of other winding faults, the consequences of which are more severe. Early detection is therefore essential to preserve machines and their human or material environment. In this book, we propose an innovative solution to short-circuit discrimination based on the redundancy of signals measured at the rotor. To define this, high-order modelling combining the finite element approach and that of coupled circuits was used. The first is used to determine the parameters (magnetic couplings) exploited by the second which is none other than the behavioural model. As the downside of this combination of approach is the time taken to identify magnetic couplings and the knowledge that various coil configurations must be modelled, a new identification methodology was developed. After an initial identification (finite elements) at short notice, this offers the possibility of estimating the parameters of a desired winding configuration without reusing the finite element resolution. In addition to its use to implement the detection method presented, this identification methodology is a generator of useful parameters for detections based on "parametric estimation". The modelling of coupled circuits presents an excellent precision / calculation time ratio and a good efficiency in the representation of spatial-temporal phenomena. Integrating a winding fault requires changing the model's circuit equations. In order to achieve the objective of this thesis, the structure of the model has been modified to introduce the short circuits between turns at the stator. Apart from the application presented, the association of the identification method with the behavioural model allows the rapid production of multiple waveforms, particularly usable in "signal" oriented detection approaches. Finally, from the tool resulting from the previous work, the diagnostic process could be determined. The detection sensitivity is the main criterion for the definition of the instrumental technique and the signal processing of the process. The influence of the operating conditions on the detection sensitivity is evaluated and is considered for the choice of the solutions adopted. This process has been validated experimentally on a synchronous alternator with wound rotor of 5.4KVA.
This thesis deals with the detection of stator winding faults in electrical machines containing a damping structure. Short-circuits between turns of the same winding are often the premise for the appearance of other winding faults, the consequences of which are more severe. Early detection is therefore essential to preserve machines and their human or material environment. In this book, we propose an innovative solution to short-circuit discrimination based on the redundancy of signals measured at the rotor. To define this, high-order modelling combining the finite element approach and that of coupled circuits was used. The first is used to determine the parameters (magnetic couplings) exploited by the second which is none other than the behavioural model. As the downside of this combination of approach is the time taken to identify magnetic couplings and the knowledge that various coil configurations must be modelled, a new identification methodology was developed. After an initial identification (finite elements) at short notice, this offers the possibility of estimating the parameters of a desired winding configuration without reusing the finite element resolution. In addition to its use to implement the detection method presented, this identification methodology is a generator of useful parameters for detections based on "parametric estimation". The modelling of coupled circuits presents an excellent precision / calculation time ratio and a good efficiency in the representation of spatial-temporal phenomena. Integrating a winding fault requires changing the model's circuit equations. In order to achieve the objective of this thesis, the structure of the model has been modified to introduce the short circuits between turns at the stator. Apart from the application presented, the association of the identification method with the behavioural model allows the rapid production of multiple waveforms, particularly usable in "signal" oriented detection approaches. Finally, from the tool resulting from the previous work, the diagnostic process could be determined. The detection sensitivity is the main criterion for the definition of the instrumental technique and the signal processing of the process. The influence of the operating conditions on the detection sensitivity is evaluated and is considered for the choice of the solutions adopted. This process has been validated experimentally on a synchronous alternator with wound rotor of 5.4KVA.
Andrea, Jonathan. "Génération, modélisation et détection des défauts d'arc électrique : application aux systèmes embarqués aéronautiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10017/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe arcs have been the source of several aircraft accidents by fire or serious destruction of the electrical fundamentals (eg actuators, top panel ,...) (TWA 800 in 1996 and Swiss Air Flight 11 1998). Prevent and detect constitute a significant improvement in aviation safety. Thus, although the problem has been known for a while, detection systems for avionics are very recent. In an aircraft, these defects are caused by the aging and the deterioration of the cables. To study and propose a system for arc detection, the following three phases were followed chronologically in this thesis: first, the developement of a test bench to characterize the main types of arcs (AC and DC). This system can produce arcs controlled intensity and duration depending on the mode serial, parallel, DC and AC. The initiation of arcs is obtained by overvoltage. This surge is produced by inductive switching. Second, the search for reliable electric models explaining the phenomena of arcs. We therefore propose a meta model combining the characteristics of different behavioral models and impedancemetry.This combination significantly improves the overall performance of the modeling in the circuits. Thirdly, the study of detection algorithms for implementation on an electronic circuit, small enough to be implanted in a circuit breaker.We propose and test different methods of detection
Acharian, Georges. "Modélisation de la détection de défauts et perception de la qualité d'images radiologiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GREAT065.
Повний текст джерелаSince the beginning of the 20th century, medical imaging has significantly been improved and represents now an essential mean for medical diagnosis. In the field of radiology, new digital detectors are gradually replacing the old film techniques allowing a better image. This thesis, prepared in collaboration between the company Trixell, manufacturer of X-ray detectors, and the laboratory Gipsa-Lab, is part of the framework of quality control of these detectors by image analysis. Biomedical applications involved by these devices are particularly sensitive, and the principle of “zero artifact” is required to ensure the quality of the product. Despite the various processings, some artifacts may be present in the images.This thesis focuses on the development of models that quantify the visibility of artifacts in concordance to human observation. Two complementary approaches are developed : the first one is based on psychophysical experiments and the second one is a modeling approach based on decision theory. In comparison to existent models, our model takes into account perception characteristics including saccades and eye fixation in image analysis : the visibility test is thus the product of local visibility tests calculated on the salient points of the image and assumed to be independent. The results show the interest of our approach, especially for static detectors. Based on the results and a final eye-tracking experiment, this thesis suggests perspectives taking into account other characteristics such as the number of eye fixations and their duration
Eid, Michel. "Analyse du flambage des pièces embouties : application à la modélisation des défauts d'aspect." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008EPXX0058.
Повний текст джерелаHoudouin, Gilles. "Contribution à la modélisation de la machine asynchrone en présence de défauts rotoriques." Le Havre, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LEHA0001.
Повний текст джерелаThis study makes it possible first to point out the formulations of the magnetomotive forces, of the air-gap permeance and flux density, and to deduce their harmonic contents with precision. It also makes it possible to quantify the rotor faults influence on the harmonics of the stator currents, power and electromagnetic couple. The contributions of this work are : an original modeling of a doubly slotted air-gap permeance, taking into account the geometry of the slots ; the calculation of the mutual inductances and their derivatives, and their numerical handling, allowing a very good computing time to precision ratio ; the development of a dedicated software, based on an algorithm using a variable topology strategy which allows an automatic adjustment of the dimension of the machine equations system. The simulation results have been helpful to study the faults signature in the main quantities of the machine. These results have been in a good concordance with the experimental results
Beaufils, Pascal. "Etude des défauts d'extrusion de polyethylènes linéaires : approche expérimentale et modélisation des écoulements." Paris, ENMP, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989ENMP0171.
Повний текст джерелаMoriere, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des assemblages avec prise en compte des défauts de forme : modélisation et expérimentation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22119/document.
Повний текст джерелаPhD in Mechanics of solids
Bun, Long. "Détection et localisation de défauts pour un système PV." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00647189.
Повний текст джерелаNoël, Yves. "Modélisation ab initio périodique de quelques défauts azotés du diamant : contribution au code CRYSTAL." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077226.
Повний текст джерелаLezama, Calvo Jinmi Gregory. "Étude, modélisation et conception d'un système de détection de défauts d'arcs électriques pour l'habitat." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0211/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe electrical arc faults are the cause of electrical home fire. Detecting them is an improvement of domestic electrical safety. The thesis contribution focuses on the problem of the electrical arc fault identification and detection in the domestic low voltage network. In this thesis, the first research objective is the modeling of a domestic electrical network. The aim of the modeling is to recreate graphically the loads and the topology of the real domestic electrical network associated with a series electrical arc fault. The modeling is made on the AC voltage source, domestic loads, arc fault model and a block of current and voltage analysis to control a circuit breaker. The second research objective is the development of a robust method for detecting arcing fault. Four detecting methods were developed as part of this thesis; they are based on the current analysis of frequency and time characteristics. All methods generate information whose amplitude tends to increase in the presence of an electric arc. However, the non-deterministic and random feature of the signals produced by the electrical arc fault as well as the large number and variability of loads and the disturbances which they introduce make the arc detection very difficult. All the studies consistently are composed of a comparison between the normal operation and arc fault signals. The result has resulted in a combined approach of some methodologies and a simple decision model based on a threshold. A prototype which contains a part of the algorithm was shown the feasibility of a circuit in real time
Mansir, Hassan. "Contrôle non destructif : Modélisation des phénomènes électromagnétiques, caractérisation des défauts et optimisation des capteurs." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986ECDL0014.
Повний текст джерелаRouached, Bouali. "Contribution à la modélisation des défauts de bobinages des machines électriques et à leur détection par des mesures au rotor." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69310.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the detection of stator winding faults in electrical machines containing a damping structure. Short-circuits between turns of the same winding are often the premise for the appearance of other winding faults, the consequences of which are more severe. Early detection is therefore essential to preserve machines and their human or material environment. In this book, we propose an innovative solution to short-circuit discrimination based on the redundancy of signals measured at the rotor. To define this, high-order modelling combining the finite element approach and that of coupled circuits was used. The first is used to determine the parameters (magnetic couplings) exploited by the second which is none other than the behavioural model. As the downside of this combination of approach is the time taken to identify magnetic couplings and the knowledge that various coil configurations must be modelled, a new identification methodology was developed. After an initial identification (finite elements) at short notice, this offers the possibility of estimating the parameters of adesired winding configuration without reusing the finite element resolution. In addition to its use to implement the detection method presented, this identification methodology is a generator of useful parameters for detections based on "parametric estimation". The modelling of coupled circuits presents an excellent precision/ calculation time ratio and a good efficiency in the representation of spatial-temporal phenomena. Integrating awinding fault requires changing the model's circuit equations. In order to achieve the objective of this thesis, the structure of the model has been modified to introduce the short circuits between turns at the stator. Apart from the application presented, the association of the identification method with the behavioural model allows therapid production of multiple waveforms, particularly usable in "signal" oriented detection approaches. Finally, from the tool resulting from the previous work, the diagnostic process could be determined. The detection sensitivity is the main criterion for the definition of the instrumental technique and the signal processing of the process. The influence of the operating conditions on the detection sensitivity is evaluated and is considered forthe choice of the solutions adopted. This process has been validated experimentally on a synchronous alternator with wound rotor of 5.4KVA.
Ginez, Olivier. "Modélisation de Fautes et Test des Mémoires Flash." Phd thesis, Université Montpellier II - Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194584.
Повний текст джерелаGourichon, Boris. "Analyse expérimentale et modélisation des mécanismes de génération de micro-vides en moulage RTM de composites organiques." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-126.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAyadi, Badreddine. "Simulation et quantification tridimensionnelle des défauts générés par un processus de fabrication." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466985/fr/.
Повний текст джерелаThe manufacturing dimensioning intends to determine the intermediary geometrical and dimensional state of the part during its manufacturing process. This manufacturing dimension also permits to respect the functional requirements given by the design drawing on one hand, and the manufacturing constraints on the other (the machine precision, minimal machining extra thickness. . . ). The TMT method (Three-dimensional Manufacturing Tolerancing) is a three-dimensional approach of manufacturing dimensioning with the concept of small displacements torsor. This approach permits to treat the specification to definition drawing defined by the ISO norms. The purpose is to analyse the impact of the manufacturing deviations on each specification to be considered. This method uses a precise definition of the reference systems in each phase in correlation with the machine adjustment process. The nominal part model is directly fixtured on the datum system of the studied requirement so as to minimize the number of the unknowns. This approach puts into evidence the obtained calculation simplifications, which permits a simple writing of the dimensions chains resultant to verify each requirement
Darques, Kévin. "Contribution à la modélisation de la tension d'arbre d'alternateurs de forte puissance en vue d'une utilisation pour le diagnostic." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I059/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe development of new diagnostic tools is compulsory for the maintenance of large generators. The voltage which appears between the two ends of the shaft of the machine is an undesirable quantity because it can induce degradations in the bearings and thus, it is measured in a preventive manner. However, its analysis could be useful for the detection of some given defects. Since this voltage is non-nil even in healthy operation, it is necessary to be able to dissociate all the causes which can generate it. The objective of this work is to conduct an investigation on the multiple sources which can induce this shaft voltage in order to quantify their respective impacts, but also to highlight more specifically the signature of an interturn short circuit or rotor eccentricity. A first study was focused on the analysis of simplified machines in order to isolate the impact of the inherent effect of a given defect without interaction with other parameters. Two approaches were then developed, the first from an analytical approach and the second one using a finite element modeling. Conclusions of these approaches have been analyzed and compared thus showing interesting qualitative concordances. Then, two high power turbogenerators (900 MW and 1300 MW) were modeled using a numerical approach in 2D. An enquiry process was conducted to characterize the influence of several causes in order to identify and quantify their impacts on the shaft voltage. Finally, a three-dimensional modeling of one of these alternators showed a significant effect of the rotor and stator end windings on this shaft voltage either in healthy and faulty operating
Senez, Vincent. "Modélisation bidimensionnelle de l'oxydation du silicium : analyse viscoélastique de la relaxation des contraintes." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10024.
Повний текст джерелаBouobda, Moladje Gabriel Franck. "Contribution à la modélisation par champs de phase des dommages par irradiation dans les alliages métalliques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R004.
Повний текст джерелаThe prediction of the microstructure evolution during irradiation ageing of structural materials of nuclear reactors is a key issue for the nuclear industry. In this work, a phase field approach is used to simulate the microstructure evolution of materials under irradiation conditions at the mesoscopic scale. We are interested at first in the calculations of the sink strength which describes the ability of microstructural defects (dislocations, cavities, etc) to absorb point defects (PDs). These calculations take into account the elastic interactions between point defects and sinks and are performed in pure metals Al, Ni and Fe. Additional precision in the calculations is provided by incorporating in the model the change of the PD migration energy due to the sink strain field, also known as elastodiffusion. PDs are elastically modelled through their elastic dipole tensors and the role of the anisotropy of these dipole tensors at saddle state is investigated. The results show that the PD dipole tensor anisotropy at saddle state is a key parameter in the accurate sink strength calculations. Subsequently, our interest is focused on the development of a PF model of dislocation climb under irradiation. The model allows to simulate dislocation loop growth or shrinkage by absorption of both PDs (vacancies and self-interstitial atoms). The analysis of the validation tests shows the limit of the model, and adjustments are carried out. This new model is applied to simulate the growth of an interstitial loop in pure Fe. The temperature, dislocation density, loop orientation and elastodifusion effects on the loop growth rate are studied. The results show, in particular, an increase of the loop growth rate with the combined effects of the increase of the temperature and the decrease of the dislocation density. The new PF model of dislocation climb under irradiation is also used to simulate the radiation induced segregation (RIS) phenomenon in Fe-Cr alloy near an interstitial dislocation loop during its growth. We show that the RIS prediction depends on the sink mobility and on the surrounding microstructure (multi-sink effects)
Goupil, Antoine. "Modélisation du lissage de défauts sur les optiques asphériques de photolithographie : approche par éléments discrets." Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00871688.
Повний текст джерелаFaure, Gaëlle. "Etude de défauts critiques des installations solaires thermiques de grande dimension : définition, modélisation et diagnostic." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT100/document.
Повний текст джерелаLarge scale solar systems at low and medium temperature (80-120 °C) can provide renewable and competititve energy to district heating and industrial processes. These systems, which are capital-intensive and have low operating costs, present a long-term return on investment. Automated monitoring and fault detection and diagnosis are key elements to guarantee optimal performances during all the lifespan of the plant.This dissertation aims to analyze of the main faults, in a detection and diagnosis purpose. First, an exhaustive study of the dysfunctions that can affect the large scale solar systems enabled to identify the more frequent and serious faults, also called critical faults. Among these critical faults, six were selected for a more detailed study.To analyze the behavior of the system subjected to the studied faults, a numerical model was implemented. A new flat plate thermal solar collector model was particularly developed as existing ones do not detail enough several physical characteristics required for the reproduction of faults. An experimental validation of this model in normal and faulty operation showed that it enables a simple fault modelling and presents a realistic behavior.A methodology to numerically analyze the impact of the faults on the system behavior is then proposed. A set of features enabling the characterizing of this behavior are particularly defined. This approach is applied first at the scale of directly affected component then at system scale. The results enable to identify detectable and isolable faults, but also to propose a reduced set of features sufficient to properly detect and diagnose them.This work presents a methodologic base and first results to develop an automated algorithm for detection and diagnosis of critical faults of a large scale thermal solar system
Chebbo, Nazir. "Modélisation de signaux d'échographie ultrasonore provenant de défauts de type plan et de type volumique." Compiègne, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996COMPD973.
Повний текст джерелаHamrani, Aïssa. "Correction paramétrique de modèles structuraux : Localisation des sous structures présentant des défauts dominants de modélisation." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2027.
Повний текст джерелаAyadi, Badreddine. "Simulation et quantification tridimensionnelledes défauts générés par un processus de fabrication." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466985.
Повний текст джерелаAndriamalala, Rijaniaina Njaksasoa. "Modélisation du défaut d'excentration dans une machine asynchrone : application au diagnostic et à la commande de deux machines spécifiques." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10064/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis investigates various fault and detection issues in a Dual-Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive including rotor eccentricity problems and inverter switch faults. In addition, the control of six-phase series-connected two-motor drives and the related fault detection and fault tolerant strategy issues are studied as well. The work starts with new modeling methods for an eccentric multiphase induction machine. The first proposed method considers only the winding harmonics and neglects the slotting effects. Then, a second method is proposed, considering the first winding harmonic and the slotting ones. From both modeling techniques, eccentricity signatures are extracted. Simulation results show that both modeling techniques provide identical spectra at low frequency; however, the second technique gives additional high frequency sidebands. These sidebands are the results of the interaction between the eccentricity and the slot harmonics. Eccentricity and inverter faults in a Dual-Stator Winding Induction Machine Drive are subsequently investigated. The inverter topology and the control algorithm are reconfigured to deal with short-circuit and open circuit faults on the inverter side so that the stator currents become balanced again and reach their pre-fault magnitude. Simulation results show promising results. The speed is stabilized after a short disturbance due to the fault. Besides, analytical method has been successfully used to predict eccentricity fault, although the machine was inverter fed. Control variables have been effectively used as diagnosis tools for eccentricity fault in a vector controlled machine. Additionally, decoupled control of six-phase and three-phase machines connected in series has been investigated. Firstly, decoupling control using analytical method is predicted. Several simulations are then carried out to confirm the decoupling effectiveness. For this special drive, elimination of the disturbances due to a switch fault is also possible thanks to an appropriate converter topology and adaptation of the control algorithm. Most of simulation predictions are confirmed by experimental results
Caunègre, Pascal. "Contribution au test des circuits mixtes : modélisation et simulation de fautes." Toulouse, INSA, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ISAT0018.
Повний текст джерелаMorvan, Erwan. "Modélisation de l'implantation ionique dans α-SiC et application à la conception de composants de puissance". Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ISAL0115.
Повний текст джерелаIon implantation is a fundamental technique for the fabrication of electronic devices in Silicon Carbide (SiC). This is the only technique allowing selective doping of this semiconductor because dopant incorporation by thermal diffusion requires very high temperatures which are not compatible with the other technological steps. Physical, electrical and optical properties of SiC can be modified by the use of ion implantation. The fluence and energy accuracies allow a good control of implanted impurity distribution. Virtually any kind of impurity profile can be obtained by the use of multiple implantations with varying fluences and energies. In order to better understand and to optimise the implantation process and as guidance to investigation, it is very useful to model the physical phenomena involved and to simulate the implanted ion trajectories. A global study on modeling and simulation of ion implantation has been carried out. From this study, an ion implantation simulator for SiC single-crystals has been developed (6H, 4H, 3C). This simulator is based on the Montecarlo method in the binary collision approximation. Tabulation-interpolation routines have been developed in order to increase the simulation speed. The simulator has been validated with experimental dopant profiles (SIMS). Afterwards, it has been used to investigate the multiple implants profiles, the. Channeling phenomenon, the lateral dispersion of ions, the defects generated by the implantation process and the stochiometric disturbances. By combining published experimental results and simulation results, optimal implantation conditions have been determiaed (beam angles, r1uences and energies of multiple implants) for the fabrication of the active areas of power devices (bipolar diodes emitter and MOSFET source/drain). High temperature annealing has to be performed in order to recrystallise the SiC wh. Ich has been damaged by the implantation process and in order to incorporate implanted do pants. Activation of Al implanted at high energy has been evaluated by capacitance-voltage measurements and activation of N has been measured by me TLM method. P•nn • (Al) bi-polar diodes and lateral MOSFETs (N) have been fabricated and characterised
Deleurence, Amélie. "Modélisation mathématique et simulation numérique de la structure électronique de cristaux en présence des défauts ponctuels." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2008. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004782.
Повний текст джерелаAdam, Jérémy. "Développement, modélisation et caractérisation d'une maille innovante réalisée en fabrication additive pour les grands défauts osseux." Thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENAM0068/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe work detailed in this thesis is about a titanium 3D printed mesh for large bone defects. Large bone defects are often due to surgical resections, performed after a cancer or an infection. When the defect reach a critical size, bone regeneration is impossible and it often leads to the loss of function. When it happened, the wound need to be cured using reconstructive surgery. The mandibular reconstruction is one of the most performed reconstructive surgery. Nowadays, we reconstruct the mandible with the fibula free flap technique, which require huge amount of time and resources for mixed results (around 10% failure rate). Based on the international literature, we developed a titanium 3D printed mesh to replace the fibula autograft and limit its side effect while offering to mesenchymal cells optimal growing environment. On the mechanical point of view, this environment requires to decrease the titanium initial rigidity from 110GPa to a range between 0.1 and 1GPa. In order to achieve that goal, we have developed a design methodology that lead us to innovation. We developed a load restauration system that allow us to combine low rigidity and high resistance. In order to find the final design, we used finite element modeling. Then, the final design have been tested mechanically in compression, traction and flexion. Because most of the requirements were reached, we designed an animal study which should take place in the next years. Eventually, we discovered some limitation for metallic 3D printing, essentially due to unsupported areas required for the load restauration. This innovative mesh is today optimized in order to be rapidly given to patients in the need
Niamchaona, Wichian. "Modélisation de l'influence des défauts de surface sur le comportement en fatigue de nuances d'acier innovantes." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019CLFAC086.
Повний текст джерелаThe steel manufacturers develop nowadays high strength steels as CP800 grade for automotive applications for the purpose of lightening vehicles. Such steels are strongly sensitive from the fatigue behaviour point of view to the surface defects generated by metal forming or cutting of steel sheets. Surface defects of different types and sizes were machined by electroerosion on CP800 specimens so that they are similar to the surface defects observed on steel sheets after stamping or cutting. The present study deals with the numerical and the experimental fatigue behaviour simulation of these specimens.The defect influence modelisation about the steel fatigue behaviour uses either the critical plane approach or the integral approach in multiaxial fatigue.The stress gradient influence contributes also to the fatigue life prediction of the defective simples.The numerical simulation aims to assess stress states and stress gradient fields within the tested specimens in the vicinity of their own surface defects. Accounting for stress gradients strongly improves the ability of multiaxial fatigue criteria to accurately predict the actual fatigue resistance of defective specimens. It shows also that multiaxial criteria have to be calibrated over fatigue test results with high stress gradients to properly predict the fatigue behaviour of high strength steel with surface small defect
El, Ghitani Hassan. "Caractérisation, passivation et modélisation de l'influence de défauts cristallographiques sur les propriétés de jonctions N+P." Aix-Marseille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988AIX30024.
Повний текст джерелаNicolaï, Julien. "Caractérisation, compréhension et modélisation de l'évolution des défauts induits par des cycles thermiques dans le silicium." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4305/document.
Повний текст джерелаSilicon is the prefered material of the Microelectronics industry. The increase of its cost incited the industries to optimize the use of wafers. Recycling them thus became current : it is the case for test wafers or SOI wafers. However, recycling presents limits : during the cycles, wafers quality decreases more or less quickly. Impact of process cycles on wafers quality is thus very important. High-temperature annealing is the most detrimental process. To understand what phenomena are involved during annealing cycles, samples which have been cycled were studied by differents techniques. LST and TEM were quite particularly used, coupling global measurements of defects density and size with local measurements to determine defects characteristics. Interstitial oxygen loss during cycles were measured by FTIR. We found that every cycle is composed by a defects nucleation stage, mainly precipitates of silicon oxide, and a growth stage. The determination of morphology and precipitates stoichiometry was realized. The behavior of these precipitates was described by a model taking into account various phenomena : oxygen loss, point defects distribution and cycles effects (ramp up/down and high-temperature stage). The robustness of the model was also tested by comparing the predictions made with the results taken from the bibliography
Filleau, Clément. "Mise en place d'une méthodologie de modélisation en vue du diagnostic des défauts électriques des alternateurs." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19288/1/Filleau.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLe, Cren Matthieu. "Propagation robuste de défauts en 3D." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECDN0028/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to ensure the control of its nuclear power plants, EDF must guarantee that they function effectively over the long term. For this purpose, it is necessary to have efficient tools tomodel and simulate crack propagation in structures. In this PhD work, we are interested in the propagation of cracks with the X-FEM method which allows using the same mesh as for a structure without default. We target especially the reconstruction of thelevel sets that characterize the position of the crack after propagation. We have proposed a fast marching method approach based on the propagation of distance information from the crack surface to the whole structure to make this step more robust in the X-FEM propagation process. It is applicable to all types of meshes, linear or quadratic. The calculation of information characteristic of thecrack status such as the energy release rate and the stress intensity factors must be accurate enough to obtain the direction and advance of the crack front ateach propagation step. For this purpose, we proposed to study a domain integral method, for which several difficulties related to the representation of the crackin a three-dimensional space are identified. Several improvements are proposed to make the calculations more accurate and more robust. In the case of curved cracks front, we have identified the limitations of using asymptotic fields obtained under the plane deformation hypothesis as auxiliary fields of an interaction integral method and we have proposed new auxiliary displacement fields that take into account the curvature of the crack front. All these methods are developed and validated with EDF software code_aster
Gallière, Jean-Marc. "Etude et modélisation électrique du court-circuit grille-canal dans le transistor MOS." Montpellier 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MON20139.
Повний текст джерелаTu, Xiaoping. "Contribution à la modélisation et à la simulation de la machine synchrone soumise à des défauts internes." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2005. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/384/1/TU_Xiaoping.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMoukemaha, Jean-Séverin. "Modélisation des signaux acoustiques réfléchis par un multicouche périodique : Application à l'identification de défauts par méthodes ultrasonores." Compiègne, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991COMP3057.
Повний текст джерелаA modelling of a composite material by a periodical medium, with or without attenuation, in order to detect defects by ultrasonic techniques is proposed. The Floquet waves theory, which permits to profit from the medium periodicity, is used for the study of plane waves propagation in the multilayer medium. The defects to be detected are simulated by a very thin layer of a material of characteristic impedance low by respect to the impedance of layers constituting the material (microdelamination) or by the introduction of absorption in several layers (porosity). The analysis of reflected signals permits to identify the different echoes, including the ones due to defects. The results obtained are very satisfactory and are close the ones observed experimentally in carbon-resin composite samples
Massat, Jean-Pierre. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique du couple pantographe-caténaire. Application à la détection de défauts dans la caténaire." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ECDL0027.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, current collection is one of the blocking points for increasing the train speed. Besides, statistics consolidated over Europe show an average number of one million minutes of delay each year in Europe related to the pantograph-catenary interface. Hence, the pantograph-catenary interaction deserved a deep study in order to improve future components design as well as maintenance evolution strategy. Two objectives have been the guidelines of this work. The first one was the simulation tool development. It had to be reliable, robust and flexible in order to allow a better understanding of the mechanical phenomena and in order to analyse the effects of catenary defects on the pantograph-catenary interaction. The second objective was the signal processing tools design. These tools had to allow a real-time measurement analysis, recorded by an instrumented pantograph running at 300 kph, in order to detect, localize and identify these defects. Usually, the pantograph-catenary system’s dynamic behaviour is modelled thanks to the finite element method. Indeed, it is the only method that can help us modelling complex 3D geometries as the catenary geometries. Time dependent simulation of dynamic interaction between pantograph and catenary gather also complex problematics :Wave propagation, moving loads, structure’s periodicity, unilateral contact and strong geometrical non-linearities. In order to get a better assessment of the impact of these different phenomena and to specify acceptable hypothesis, a simple analytical model has been developed. As this model offers a continuous contact plan, numerical effects induced by discretization have been assessed and corrected by simple solutions. Results comparison of these two complementary models has allowed the software validation and parameters identification such as damping. At last, from the introduction of defects in the simulation has come out the temporal signature generations of each defect type in the catenary. Finally, specific signal processing methods have been tested in order to detect defects and to localize and identify them. Regarding the environment and tests conditions, these analyses must take into account the lack of test reproducibility and non-deterministic aspect of catenary measurements related to climatic conditions and wear. The use of wavelets gave very interesting results for defect detection ; especially the last development in this domain called adapted wavelet that makes this tool a major tool as far as defect detection and low false alert rate are concerned. Finally, with the building of a defects signature’s library, this detection tool will get the necessary robustness and reliability required for the evolution of the maintenance strategy
Homssi, Louay. "Outils de modélisation, identification et traitement du signal pour le diagnostic des défauts dans les systèmes continus." Toulouse, INSA, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ISAT0017.
Повний текст джерелаViprey, Fabien. "Modélisation et caractérisation des défauts de structure de machine-outil 5 axes pour la mesure in-process." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLN071/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn-process metrology consists in obtaining measurement data directly into the manufacturing process. This method results from an increasing need of manufacturers to carry out on-line measurements during one manufacturing task or between two manufacturing tasks by using the mean of production to measure the machined part. Monitoring the sources of errors like geometric errors is one of the prerequisites to ensure the traceable dimensional metrology directly on the machine tool.This thesis deals with the geometric modeling of 5-axis machine tool based on a standardized parameterization of geometric errors. This model is simulated and simplified by the use of a virtual machine developed in order to help understand and visualize the effects of geometric errors on the volumetric error.A new standard thermo-invariant material namely Multi-Feature Bar has been developed.After its calibration and after a European intercomparison, it provides a direct metrological traceability to the SI meter for dimensional measurement on machine tool in a hostile environment. The identification of three intrinsic parameters of this standard, coupled with a measurement procedure ensures complete and traceable identification of motion errors of linear axes. The identification of position and orientation errors of axis is based on an analysis of combinations of necessary parameters to characterize volumetric error and at best. A model parameter identification procedure is proposed by minimizing the time drift of the structural loop and the effects of previously identified motion errors. Asensitivity analysis of the measurement procedure settings and of the noise effects ensures the quality of this proposed identification
Beauger, Christian. "Elaboration, caractérisation et modélisation des phénomènes de luminescence du monoaluminate de strontium dopé à l'europium et au dysprosium SrAl₂O₄ : Eu, Dy." Grenoble INPG, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843012.
Повний текст джерелаThis work has been dedicated to the study of a phosphorescent pigment (phosphor), the strontium monoaluminate activated with europium and dysprosium: SrAl₂O₄ : Eu, Dy. It led to the modeling of the luminescence [fluorescence & thermoluminescence (TL)] (chapter IV). This system is acting as battery. Exposed to sunlight, it stores energy by trapping electrons and holes in the compound's point defects. At ambient temperature, these charge carriers are released and the following recombination process gives rise to the observed green light emission (525 nm). The role of each part of the system (the matrix, SrAl₂O₄, and the doping elements, Eu & Dy) had to be clarified to understand the underlying optoelectronic mechanisms. The first part of this work has thus been dedicated to the matrix study, leading to the set up of a solid state synthesis route, from strontium carbonate and gamma alumina. The influence of the synthesis parameters (reactants' stoechiometry, duration, temperature and atmosphere) allowed to characterize the optoelectronic properties of the matrix (Blue fluorescence at 440 nm & 3 TL peaks at -170, -70 and O°C). The dysprosium rolé, the europium one and then their interaction have been particularly studied (chapter III). The green emission has thus been ascribed to divalent europium (Eu ²⁺), while the Eu-Dy interaction is responsible for the phosphorescence process
Kassem, Hassan. "Simulation à l'échelle atomique de systèmes hétérogènes : défauts, interdiffusion et dynamique." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30163.
Повний текст джерелаCherki, Abdelkrim. "Prise en compte des imprécisions de modélisation en calculs de structures : Application aux conditions aux limites imprécises et à la localisation de défauts de modélisation." Valenciennes, 1998. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/474e9b39-832a-400e-a219-db000db4c112.
Повний текст джерелаJiao, Ying. "Risque de crédit : modélisation et simulation numérique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002180.
Повний текст джерелаChermet, Eric. "Contribution à l'analyse et à la modélisation des écarts géométriques sur les dentures d'engrenages cylindriques taillés par fraise-mère." Lyon, INSA, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ISAL0120.
Повний текст джерелаThis work consists in a contribution for a better understanding of the geometrical deviations on helical gear teeth, in order to study their actual effects during gear meshing. A model of the hobbing process was developed, offering the possibility to take into account many manufacturing deviations, which could have an effect on gear teeth accuracy. Analytical expressions are obtained for geometrical deviations. Theoretical and experimental validations are performed and presented in this work. A methodology, based on this model, is proposed and validated on actual gears. It permits to determine which manufacturing deviations could explain the geometrical deviations actually measured on gear teeth. Finally, some calculations are presented, to illustrate the various applications offered by this work, in gear meshing simulations