Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Modélisation de substitution"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Modélisation de substitution"
Bernard, Jean-Thomas, François Lessard, and Simon Thivierge. "La demande d’énergie du secteur commercial québécois." Articles 62, no. 1 (January 27, 2009): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/601357ar.
Повний текст джерелаLaloë, Francis. "Modelling sustainability: from applied to involved modeling." Social Science Information 46, no. 1 (March 2007): 87–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018407073659.
Повний текст джерелаSheikholeslami, Razi, Saman Razavi, and Amin Haghnegahdar. "What should we do when a model crashes? Recommendations for global sensitivity analysis of Earth and environmental systems models." Geoscientific Model Development 12, no. 10 (October 10, 2019): 4275–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-12-4275-2019.
Повний текст джерелаLe Roux, Y., and J. Papee. "Les substitutions énergétiques dans le secteur industriel français : la modélisation translog." Revue de l'Institut Français du Pétrole 40, no. 6 (November 1985): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst:1985042.
Повний текст джерелаLecarpentier-Moyal, Sylvie, and Patricia Renou-Maissant. "Les agrégats monétaires ont-ils toujours un rôle à jouer dans la conduite de la politique monétaire ? L’apport des indices de Divisia." Économie appliquée 53, no. 2 (2000): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecoap.2000.1726.
Повний текст джерелаBessenouci, Mohammed Zakaria, Nacereddine Bibi Triki, Smaine Khelladi, and Abderrahmane Abene. "Approches théoriques de la conductivité thermique apparente du béton de pouzzolane à l’aide d’une modélisation des matériaux poreux." Journal of Renewable Energies 14, no. 3 (October 24, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.54966/jreen.v14i3.270.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Modélisation de substitution"
Dunchych, Kateryna. "Formulation, rationalisation et modélisation des référencements de substitution à la parafine dans les bougies." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT4086.
Повний текст джерелаTaking into consideration the new aspects related to the environmental and sustainable development, renewable materials of plant / animal origin have become alternatives to paraffin . The aim of this work is to study the extent of incorporation of these materials poorly compatible with the existing processes (fillin g, compression, extrusion). The study of the incorporation of substitutes for the filling process was carried out on the basis of their different physical-chemical properties. To optimize the incorporation of substitute, an experimental design methodology has been developed. This study has shown the influence of the treatment of the substitute on its compatibility with the process of making candles by filling. The incorporation of substitutes in the powder compression process was studied under laboratory conditions similar to those practiced in the candle industry. Tensile strength of the candle was deduced as key parameter for the quality of the finished product. The behavior of the powders in the rearrangement step and the formulation show significant impact on the mechanical strength of the candle. The study of the formulation in the extrusion process was carried out in order to define the material factor (s) to ensure the extrusion. This type of process requires the use of high quality paraffins having hi gh mechanical strength and deformation properties. This work shows that the substitution of paraffins remains very complex and depends on the type of process. The importance of matter-process interaction impacts the integration of the substitute the most compatible with the filling process
Kreuawan, Sangkla. "Modélisation et conception optimale pour les applications ferroviaires." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00363633.
Повний текст джерелаLa conception systémique optimale de composant électrotechnique est abordée dans cette thèse. Une chaîne de traction électrique est choisie comme exemple représentatif d'un système complexe. La démarche et les outils sont mis en œuvre sur deux applications: la conception d'un moteur de traction et la conception simultanée de plusieurs composants clés.
Pour concevoir un moteur de traction, le cycle de fonctionnement et le comportement thermique transitoire sont primordiaux. La bonne adaptation du moteur à sa mission permet de réduire considérablement sa masse. L'approche multidisciplinaire est utilisée pour gérer les interactions entre modèles de disciplines différentes au sein d'un même processus d'optimisation. Suivant la méthode employée, le temps d'optimisation peut être réduit grâce à la répartition des taches par domaine physique et d'en paralléliser l'exécution. Des optimisations multiobjectif ont également été appliquées. Des fronts de Pareto sont obtenus malgré l'utilisation d'un modèle précis mais coûteux, le modèle éléments finis.
L'approche décomposition hiérarchique de la méthode "Target Cascading" est appliquée au problème de conception de la chaîne de traction. Le système et ses composants sont conjointement conçus. Cette méthode est bien adaptée à la démarche de conception optimale des systèmes complexes, tout en respectant l'organisation par produit de l'entreprise.
Lingua, Hugo. "SH2 sur les dialkylzincs par les radicaux α-alcoxycarbonyle, carbozincations et additions radicalaires impliquant des ynamides : approches expérimentales et théoriques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0564.
Повний текст джерелаThe reactivity of ethyl α-bromoacrylate and ethyl benzylidene malonate towards dialkylzincs in aerobic medium was studied in order to evaluate the capacity of tertiary α-alcoxycarbonyl radicals to undergo SH2 at zinc leading to a zinc enolate. The use of ethyl α-bromoacrylate allowed the synthesis of cyclopropanes and keto-esters. With the second substrate, the addition of the alkyl group was shown to be reversible. The inhibitor effect of additives like TMSCl or CuCl suggested that zinc peroxydes formed in situ could play a key role in the process. Theoretical studies highlighted the crucial role of the stabilization of the zinc enolate through the formation of a 5 or 6-membered chelate. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted enamides was achieved through the carbozincation of ynamides in the presence of dialkylzincs and CuI or FeCl2 as catalyst. CuI was shown to be more efficient and less substrate-dependent than FeCl2. Molecular modelings were performed to better understand this phenomen. Finally, intermolecular addition of sulfanyl radicals onto ynamides was revisited. Theoretical calculations and experimental results showed that the regio- and stereo-selectivity of the process depended on the nature of the substituent on the carbon in β position of the nitrogen atom and on experimental conditions. Unprecedented intermolecular addition of a carbon-centered radical has been described and opened new perspectives for the synthesis of original tetrasubstituted enamides
Lingua, Hugo. "SH2 sur les dialkylzincs par les radicaux α-alcoxycarbonyle, carbozincations et additions radicalaires impliquant des ynamides : approches expérimentales et théoriques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0564.
Повний текст джерелаThe reactivity of ethyl α-bromoacrylate and ethyl benzylidene malonate towards dialkylzincs in aerobic medium was studied in order to evaluate the capacity of tertiary α-alcoxycarbonyl radicals to undergo SH2 at zinc leading to a zinc enolate. The use of ethyl α-bromoacrylate allowed the synthesis of cyclopropanes and keto-esters. With the second substrate, the addition of the alkyl group was shown to be reversible. The inhibitor effect of additives like TMSCl or CuCl suggested that zinc peroxydes formed in situ could play a key role in the process. Theoretical studies highlighted the crucial role of the stabilization of the zinc enolate through the formation of a 5 or 6-membered chelate. Regio- and stereoselective synthesis of tri- and tetra-substituted enamides was achieved through the carbozincation of ynamides in the presence of dialkylzincs and CuI or FeCl2 as catalyst. CuI was shown to be more efficient and less substrate-dependent than FeCl2. Molecular modelings were performed to better understand this phenomen. Finally, intermolecular addition of sulfanyl radicals onto ynamides was revisited. Theoretical calculations and experimental results showed that the regio- and stereo-selectivity of the process depended on the nature of the substituent on the carbon in β position of the nitrogen atom and on experimental conditions. Unprecedented intermolecular addition of a carbon-centered radical has been described and opened new perspectives for the synthesis of original tetrasubstituted enamides
Pons, Frédéric. "Erosion suite à l'impact d'un arc électrique : modélisation et campagnes expérimentales en vue du développement d'un matériau de substitution à l'alliage AgCdO." Thesis, Metz, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010METZ039S/document.
Повний текст джерелаAgCdO is one of the most widely used contact materials in the world because of its outstanding performance. Nevertheless, due to environmental considerations, it will soon be completely forbidden by European environmental directives. Therefore, finding a good substitute is of crucial importance. Electrical arc erosion plays a crucial role in the reliability and life of power switching devices. Depending on the contact material’s behavior in response to an electrical arc, surface damage can induce severe changes in contact material properties that will impact the power switching device’s functioning. Consequently, electrical arc effects and consequences on the contact material surface are of first importance. In this context, we have focused our research activities on the following axes. First of all, in order to better understand AgCdO (Current contact material in aerospace industry) and AgSnO2 (Potential candidate to AgCdO substitution) arc erosion behaviors, arc erosion experiments, where the power switching devices have been subjected to different numbers of arc discharges, have been realized. Further, a general macroscopic electrical contact arc erosion model valid for low and high currents was developed. To compare model results to experimental data, this model describes the complete breaking process of electrical contacts and gives the total amount of material removed after one breaking operation. In parallel, arc erosion experiments on AgCdO power switching devices have been conducted at high currents (0 -> 1000 A) in order to validate the arc erosion model. Next, using the general arc erosion model, the properties having the greatest influence on the electrical arc erosion process have been determined through simulations on silver contact material. At this stage, ab initio calculations were needed to obtain ranges of variation of certain silver contact material properties. Finally, an investigation of the trends of changing local contact material composition of AgSnO2 on these identified material properties was performed. This study was based on ab initio calculations for two different oxide compositions of AgSnO2. These will allow us to give directions to aid the design of a good substitute for AgCdO, and therefore, to complete the main objective of this research work
Guelilia, Zakaria. "Modélisation électromagnétique rapide de problèmes multi-échelles incluant une partie variable - Application à la dosimétrie numérique et au couplage entre antennes." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAR0006/document.
Повний текст джерелаNumerical modelling is an essential tool for solving electromagnetic problems. The computation time and the accuracy of the results depend on the description level used and electrical dimensions of the analyzed problem. When it is necessary to model an electrically large environment, the use of conventional methods such as the finite difference time domain (FDTD) face difficulties in terms of simulation time. This becomes particularly problematic when the analysis must be carried out for several values of one or more parameters defining the studied problem. Considering this variability aspect and in order to avoid multiplication of costly simulations, it is necessary to choose suitable methods. This thesis aims to develop a new approach to solve effectively the variable feature encountered in some multi-scale problems. This new method called the MM-DG-FDTD (MacroModel based Dual Grid-FDTD) results from the association of the Dual Grid- FDTD (DG-FDTD) method with a substitution model. The use of the DG-FDTD permits to treat multiscale aspect dividing the studied problem into FDTD sub-volumes. Each step has its own simulation parameters. The fast substitution model built in few electromagnetic simulations replaces in a rigorous and efficient way the last expensive DG-FDTD simulation. The proper operation of the substitution model is firstly validated using simple cases. Next, a use of the MM-DG-FDTD is performed on two applications belonging to two contexts: numerical dosimetry and antennas coupling. The first one proposes to estimate the value of the electric field inside the left eye of a human body model. It receives electromagnetic radiation from an antenna located onboard a vehicle. This study is carried out for a large number of positions of the body around the vehicle. The second application is to assess the value of the transmission coefficient between two UWB (Utra-Wide Band) antennas. The position of the receiving antenna changes in a large environment. For both studies, MM-DG-FDTD shows its ability to give fast and accurate results compared to a classic use of the DG-FDTD
Hadj, Ali Kamal. "Etude cinétique de l'oxydation et de l'auto-inflammation en milieu gazeux homogène pauvre et ultra pauvre de carburants de substitution issus de la biomasse." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00498160.
Повний текст джерелаNoirot-Cosson, Paul-Emile. "Optimisation de l'insertion des Produits Résiduaires Organiques dans les systèmes de cultures d'un territoire francilien : évolution des stocks de carbone organique et substitution des engrais minéraux." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AGPT0011/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of Exogenous Organic Matter (EOM) in agriculture could be an efficient way to substitute mineral fertilisation and increase soil organic matter (SOM) enhancing soil fertility and storing carbon (C). It could also cause nitrogen (N) pollutions such as nitrate leaching and gas emissions. Better understanding of C and N fate after EOM applications on cropped soils would allow improving these benefits while limiting environmental impacts. This thesis aims at: (i) predicting EOM impacts when applied on cropped soils, (ii) studying the effects of various scenarios of EOM applications in terms of C storage, synthetic N saving and N pollutions in the context of the Plain of Versailles region (221 km²) and taking into account soil diversity, crop successions and soil organic C contents, (ii) studying the potential for improving these benefits at the regional scale with an optimal distribution of EOM. The CERES-EGC crop model was used to simulate the effects of repeated applications of EOM over 13 years on both soil C and N dynamics in the soil-crop-water-air system of the long-term field experiment QualiAgro located within the region. The sub-model NCSOIL was parameterised from C and N mineralisation kinetics of EOM measured in laboratory conditions. When transposing the parameters into the CERES-EGC model, C storage at the field scale was well simulated, together with crop N uptake and yields, as well as soil mineral N contents. The kinetics of C and N mineralisation of the 18 EOM available in the region were used along with EOM biochemical fractionations for parameterising the NCSOIL model. The soil type did not significantly change EOM parameters. Four groups of EOM were distinguished based on their C and N dynamics: (i) stable composts, (2) more reactive and less mature composts and stable manures, (3) manures with reactive OM corresponding to horse manures and (4) very reactive EOM as sludges, litters that should be used as fertilisers. Numerous scenarios of EOM applications, constrained on the phosphorus and N quantities they bring (and limiting the input in trace elements), were simulated for 20 years in all regional contexts of soil, crop successions and soil organic C contents. The soil type was the main factor controlling C storage and N leaching while it was crop successions for N saving. Some composts allowed C storage up to 1.1 t C ha-1 yr -1 reaching 63% of C applied. N saving of 74 kg N ha-1 yr -1 were possible with a dried sewage sludge and a compost. N substitution could reach more than 90% of N applied with EOM, these high percentages being related with the indirect effect of EOM on soil OM and the hypothesis made for N substitution An optimisation model was developed to select EOM application scenario for each crop plot (soil x crop succession x initial soil OC content x area) accounting for EOM availability in the region with the objectives of maximising C storage or synthetic N saving or minimising N leaching at the regional scale. Applying preferentially the most stable EOM on soils with the highest potential for C storage i.e. with the highest calcareous and clay contents, up to 0.47 t C ha-1 yr-1 could be stored. Applying preferentially fertilising EOM on crop succession with maize and amending EOM on succession with rapeseed, up to 53 kg N ha-1 yr -1 could be saved
Sanchez, Florian. "Génération de modèles analytiques pour la conception préliminaire de systèmes multi-physiques : application à la thermique des actionneurs et des systèmes électriques embarqués." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30081/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to develop methods and tools dedicated to the preliminary design of multi-physical systems, with a particular attention to the thermal modelling of actuators and embedded electrical systems. This need arises from the current industrial research which led to the More Electrical Aircraft program (MEA), which deals with new technologies of embedded systems where the thermal management of such devices is essential. First of all, this thesis proposes a methodology based on dimensional analysis and surrogate modelling technique to generate analytical models from finite element simulations. Furthermore, a methodology for constructing optimal design of experiments intended for building surrogate models using dimensionless variables is also proposed. Finaly, two numerical approaches which enable to reduce the number of dimensionless variables of a problem and to study their physical significance are proposed. The first approach uses sensitivity analysis in an original way to highlight the physical significance of the dimensionless numbers for a considered problem. The second approach uses optimization algorithms to reduce the number of dimensionless variables. In the second part of the thesis, the proposed methods were successfully applied to model several components of an electromechanical actuator (EMA) of an aileron (electrical brushless motor, mechanical housing, etc.), and of a power converter (capacitor, inductance, heatsink) used in an aeronautical context
Gaier, Adam. "Accelerating Evolutionary Design Exploration with Predictive and Generative Models." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0087.
Повний текст джерелаOptimization plays an essential role in industrial design, but is not limited to minimization of a simple function, such as cost or strength. These tools are also used in conceptual phases, to better understand what is possible. To support this exploration we focus on Quality Diversity (QD) algorithms, which produce sets of varied, high performing solutions. These techniques often require the evaluation of millions of solutions -- making them impractical in design cases. In this thesis we propose methods to radically improve the data-efficiency of QD with machine learning, enabling its application to design. In our first contribution, we develop a method of modeling the performance of evolved neural networks used for control and design. The structures of these networks grow and change, making them difficult to model -- but with a new method we are able to estimate their performance based on their heredity, improving data-efficiency by several times. In our second contribution we combine model-based optimization with MAP-Elites, a QD algorithm. A model of performance is created from known designs, and MAP-Elites creates a new set of designs using this approximation. A subset of these designs are the evaluated to improve the model, and the process repeats. We show that this approach improves the efficiency of MAP-Elites by orders of magnitude. Our third contribution integrates generative models into MAP-Elites to learn domain specific encodings. A variational autoencoder is trained on the solutions produced by MAP-Elites, capturing the common “recipe” for high performance. This learned encoding can then be reused by other algorithms for rapid optimization, including MAP-Elites. Throughout this thesis, though the focus of our vision is design, we examine applications in other fields, such as robotics. These advances are not exclusive to design, but serve as foundational work on the integration of QD and machine learning
Частини книг з теми "Modélisation de substitution"
LÉONARD, Jean Léo. "Les ateliers thématiques de Méthodologie en Anthropologie Sociale Critique (MASC)." In Linguistique pour le Développement, 47–70. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.5244.
Повний текст джерела