Дисертації з теми "Modélisation de champ de phase"
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Geslin, P. A. "Contribution à la modélisation champ de phase des dislocations." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009892.
Повний текст джерелаCrouzil, Thomas. "Modélisation de structure dynamique dans un champ optique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0043/document.
Повний текст джерелаOptical trapping appears now, since a few decades, as a major theme at the intersection of variousdisciplines. Since the results of Ashkin, many works were made in the trapping and the guidance of physical objects (particles, molecules, bacteria, etc.) of any sizes. The latter will characterize then, in front of the wavelength, the optical domain in which we shall take place (Rayleigh, Mie, Geometrical Optics).Our work thus concerns the study of the properties of periodic linear chains of droplets (oil), placed in water, and submitted to two counter-propagating horizontal laser beams of gaussian profile. We show that it is possible to establish a spatial order of a set of large drops (in front of the wavelength) in a periodic structure. The originality of such a system lies in the fact that the light can then be refocused by the set of periodically spaced drops. This periodicity may thus, in some cases, confer on the beam a periodic refocusing within the network. This first study, in static limit, allows us to identify the conditions of coupling modes associated with drop channels. In particular, we characterize the presence of Bloch modes where the beam propagates with similar frequency to that of the network. This leads us to note that these modal conditions are submitt to the gaussian phase parameter "Thêta" (Gouy phase). Thus, although structured at a widely higher scale, we highlight theoretically similar properties to that of the photonic crystals, conferred by the periodicity of the chains of drops. This allows us, consequently, to demonstrate the existence of bandgaps, leading us to define a set of guiding/not-guiding modes of this chain. This static study, thereafter, is extended from a dynamic point of view by taking into account the effect of the optical forces on the drops. We show that it is possible to optically trap such drops on stable equilibrium states. Beyond of which we highlight, through a parametric study, the existence of periodic or pseudo-periodic oscillating modes.Finally, we take into account the phenomena of collisions by coalescence, involving a reorganization of the distributions of optical fields which can result in new configurations of trapping
Mellenthin, Jesper. "Modélisation de la solidification de matériaux polycristallins par la méthode du champ de phase." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0036.
Повний текст джерелаViardin, Alexandre. "Modélisation par champ de phases de la croissance de la ferrite allotriomorphe dans les aciers Fe-C-Mn." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPL014N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe growth of allotriomorphic ferrite plays a major role in the formation of martensite bands in Dual-Phase steels. We have thus developed a phase field model to study the ferritic growth in different ternary Fe-C-X alloys, incorporating two necessary features. First, we have paid a particular attention to recover the different growth regimes due to the huge difference between the diffusion rates of Cand X substitutional species. Our calculations have exhibited a transition from fast paraequilibrium to slow orthoequilibrium in good agreement with experimental measurements in the literature. Second, austenite grain boundaries have been included in the model because they can conterbalance the manganese segregation bands, as shown in our calculations. Indeed, our results show that the bands can be broken bythe wetting of ferrite along the austenite grain boundaries, provided that the segregation is below a threshold value, and provided that the grain boundary energies are sufficiently high
Cottura, Maeva. "Modélisation du champ de phase du couplage entre évolution microstucturale et propriétés mécaniques." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066031.
Повний текст джерелаSolid state phase transformations in alloys produce a large variety of microstructures at the mesoscale. In the Phase Field framework, the influence of the mechanical driving forces i. E. Elastic and plastic, on microstructure evolution is analyzed. A major achievement of this work is the consideration, within a continuous modeling, of the consequences of the confinement of plasticity during microstructure evolution. First, it has been achieved by coupling a Phase Field Model to an isotropic strain gradient viscoplasticity model coming from generalized continuum mechanics. In a second step, the description of plasticity has been improved using a crystalline viscoplasticity-dislocations density based model. The model is applied to study microstructure evolution in Ni-based superalloys, more precisely, rafting during creep loading. Both models account for the change in mechanical behavior of the γ phase when the width of the γ channel evolves. However, for the [100] creep, the consequences of this phenomenon on the morphological evolution are moderate. Finally, a Phase Field Model has been developed to study the growth of acicular precipitates such as the ones observed in Ti-based alloys, characterized by Widmanstätten structures. We have shown that a strong elastic anisotropy can explain the stationary growth regime observed during isothermal aging
Laghmach, Rabia. "Modélisation de la cristallisation des élastomères sous sollicitation mécanique par champ de phase." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0061/document.
Повний текст джерелаNatural rubber NR and more generally elastomer presents unique physical properties that are very important for many engineering applications. Strain induced crystallization of elastomer presents a major interest because it improves considerably the mechanical properties. In fact, the presence of crystallites within the amorphous phase in a polymer network induces a strengthening of this material, giving NR a self-reinforcement character. In this thesis, we develop a mesoscopic model to describe the crystallization of elastomers under strain. In this context, we present a kinetic model using a new physical approach: a phase field model. This model combines the crystallization thermodynamics with the local stress field. The thermodynamic description of the phase transition is based on a Gibbs free energy functional F which contains all energy contributions of the system: the bulk contributions (enthalpy and entropy) and surface tension. To understand the experimental observation of nanometer size crystalites, an explicit account of the topological constraints induced by both entanglements and/or crosslinks is necessary. We investigated two limiting mechanisms, a kinetic limitation of the growth, and an energetic limitation. Based on both the kinetic and the energetic approaches, we have systematically studied the influence of topological constraints on the growth process. We have shown that the growth process is affected by the accumulation of elastic stress at the interface. The kinetic model predicts the existence of instabilities during the growth. These instabilities induce a heterogeneous dynamical growth which leads to the formation of dendrite like structures. On the contrary, the energetic approach predicts an exponential increase of the surface tension during the growth that limits the size of the crystallites very efficiently. In the last part we investigated elastomer crystallization under cyclic deformation. To this end, we coupled the previous energetic model with the nucleation process. Finally the simulation data are compared with experimental measurements
Mellenthin, Jesper. "Modélisation de la croissance de matériaux polycristallins par la méthode du champ de phase." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003136.
Повний текст джерелаLouchez, Marc-Antoine. "Modélisation par champ de phase et atomique des interfaces hétérophases : application aux hydrures de zirconium." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL10059/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe goal of this work was to contribute to a better understanding of the complex mechanisms underpinning the formation and evolution of hydrides in α zirconium and its alloys. In this context, multi-scale approaches combining atomic and phase-field simulations were employed to address the structural and energetic properties of heterophase α|hydrides interfaces. A peculiar attention was focused on the γ-ZrH hydride due to its controversed stability and to its supposed role one many sequences of precipitation. In particular, the study was concentrated on the basal and prismatic interfaces complemented by a meticulous study of the habit planes. An original methodology, transferable to other systems and based on the microelasticity theory combined with ab initio calculations, was proposed to estimate the energies related to these interfaces. The results show a strong anisotropy hitherto neglected in the literature. Due to the semi-coherent nature of prismatic interfaces, a correct evaluation of its energy was proven to be difficult. Thus, an alternative approach, grounded in a phase-field formalism and able to describe the core structure of inherent dislocations in prismatic interfaces, has been suggested. This approach turned out useful to estimate the interfacial stability of various systems as well as to predict the coherency loss of a growing seed. It has been showed that the coherent ζ-Zr2H hydride could constitute a good precursor of γ-hydride. Finally, the application of the microelasticity theory to α|hydrides interfaces has clearly showed a preference for πI pyramidal habit planes where a significant effect of hydrogen content in the hydride has also been observed
Gmati, Hela. "Modélisation par champ de phase de la rupture des matériaux solides élastiques et élasto-viscoplastiques." Thesis, Paris, HESAM, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020HESAE010.
Повний текст джерелаThe Phase-Field Method (PFM), which has been designed for interfacial problems, provides an attractive framework for the modelling of fracture. The present work aims at developing some constitutive models within the framework of the PFM to model fracture in homogeneous and polycrystalline materials. For this purpose, two different situations have been examined. For the first situation, which is typical of brittle fracture, the development of damage is driven by the accumulation of elastic strain energy. The second situation is the one where damage is controlled by the development of plastic strains, which is quite common for ductile or fatigue fracture.The phase-field model for brittle fracture uses a scalar damage variable to represent the progressive degradation of mechanical resistance. The spatial gradient of the damage variable, which is treated as an additional external state variable, serves regularization purposes and allows considering the surface energy associated with cracks. The deviatoric/spherical decomposition of elastic strain energy is used to consider closure effects. Some material parameters have been introduced to control the impact of deviatoric and spherical contributions on the development of damage. Also, the proposed strategy is adapted to any class of material symmetry. Numerical implementation is undertaken via the finite element method, where nodal degrees of freedom are the displacement and the damage variable. For illustration purpose, the numerical simulations are carried out under both static and dynamic loading conditions.An extension of the above model to plasticity-driven fracture in polycrystalline materials is also proposed. The framework of crystal plasticity has been used for the construction of constitutive relations. To consider the role of plastic strains on the development of damage, the proposed strategy uses the coupling between damage and hardening. The consequence is that the driving force for damage contains some contributions from isotropic and kinematic hardening variables. According to the numerical results, the important features of ductile and fatigue fracture are correctly reproduced
Lebbad, Hocine. "Modélisation de la croissance des structures de Widmanstätten par la méthode des champs de phase." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS573.
Повний текст джерелаHe complex rearrangement of the phase domains in a metallic alloy, called microstructure, strongly impacts its mechanical properties. To optimize them, it is therefore important to understand the formation and evolution of the microstructures. The present work is devoted to a specific type of microstructures, called Widmanstätten. These acicular structures are observed in many metallic alloys (FeC, CuZn ...). Their growth, driven by the diffusion of alloying elements, occurs at constant velocity, in isothermal conditions. Yet, several aspects of this growth remain poorly understood, which justifies this study. Using phase-field models, we first show that the anisotropy of the elastic energy plays a key role on the growth, in both 2D and 3D. We observe that the tip radius of curvature does not depend on a dynamical process but relies on the competition between interfacial and elastic energy. Then, we illustrate the ability of our model to correctly describe the size of the tip. We have then developed two models to take into account two different mechanisms of relaxation by plastic deformation: misfit dislocations and plastic activity in the matrix. We have observed that plasticity does not change the singular growth at constant velocity but yet modifies the value of the growth velocity and the tip radius of curvature. Finally, we have developed a formalism at a thinner scale which is able to describe step nucleation and growth, which are often observed in Widmanstätten structures. Preliminary results, for a non-conserved field, are presented here
Michel, Nathalie. "Modélisation de l'évolution thermique de Mars : conséquences sur le champ magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00572876.
Повний текст джерелаSettefrati, Amico. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation par champ de phase de la formation de [alpha] dans les alliages de titane [bêta]-métastable." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0092/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present study is mainly about microstructures formation during phase changes in the near beta titanium alloy Ti-5553. Phase transformations were characterized on cooling from the beta phase field and on ageing after solutionizing in the beta (or alpha + beta) phase field and quenching. The influence of heat treatment parameters (cooling and heating rates, transformation temperatures) on phase transformation kinetics, precipitation sequences and transformation mechanisms was analysed using electrical resistivity measurements, in situ high energy X-Ray diffraction and microscopy (optical and electron). Cell parameters evolution of each phase and full width at half maximum variations of beta phase peaks have allowed to highlight the changes of the chemical composition and the stress state during phase transformation. Formation of metastable phases (alpha?, w) at temperatures lower than 500°C were characterized as well as their influence on final microstructures and therefore on mechanical properties. For better understanding the intragranular precipitation of the alpha phase, two models (Eshelby and phase field) were developed in order to predict morphological evolutions of the precipitates. These models take into account the anisotropic and heterogeneous behaviour for both phases. We have shown that the elastic strain energy generated by beta -> alpha phase transformation drives to a large extent the precipitate shape and orientation as well as their spatial arrangement. Calculation results are close to microstructural observations
Geslin, Pierre-Antoine. "Contribution à la modélisation champs de phase des dislocations." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066608.
Повний текст джерелаThe plastic behavior of metallic alloys is often influenced by the interactions between second phase precipitates and dislocations. The dynamics of these linear defects can be investigated by phase-field methods whose main advantage is their variational nature, which enables a natural coupling with the dynamics of other defects (solute atoms, vacancies, second phase precipitates. . . ). The purpose of this thesis is to develop phase field models able to study dislocations behavior, their interactions with second phase precipitates and climb mechanisms by vacancy absorption/emission. We first propose an elastically non-linear phase-field model that naturally accounts for dislocations glide, nucleation and cross-slip. Using this model, we confirm that coherency loss of precipitates can occur by prismatic punching mechanisms, as proposed in previous studies. Then, we propose a coupling between this approach and a phase field model for microstructural evolutions and apply it to the analysis of AlS_3SSc precipitates in an aluminum matrix. We show that dislocations can modify significantly the precipitate interface morphology, which in turn can influence the mechanical response of the alloy. Finally, we propose a phase-field model for dislocation climb by vacancy diffusion and absorption/emission. We specially investigate the limiting character of the absorption/emission mechanisms at the dislocation core
Eyssette, Roland. "Caractérisation et modélisation des effets de surpression en champ proche et du chargement au sol du BLEVE." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEM020/document.
Повний текст джерелаBoiling Liquid Exploding Vapor Explosion (BLEVE) is one of the most feared accident in the industry. Even though it has been studied for over 6 decades, many safety questions remain poorly answered: what happens if a BLEVE occurs in a congested urban or industrial area? What if a road tanker BLEVE happens on a bridge? These questions require to look closer to the vessel. This work focuses on understanding the physics involved in overpressure generation in the near field surrounding of the vessel, to understand the contribution of the fluid phases (liquid and vapor) in the near-field hazards of a BLEVE. For this purpose, a small scale experimental prototype was designed to reproduce realistic BLEVE failure. Twenty-four propane BLEVEs were performed. A wide range of data was recorded from these tests: blast overpressure all around the vessel, transient pressure inside the vessel, ground loading under the vessel, and high speed imaging through various angles. Results give more insight on the anisotropy of the pressure field around the cylindrical vessel. It also shows a strong dependency between vapor content and maximum overpressure from the lead shock. Moreover, the chronology of the phase change observed through transient pressure measurements show that the main contributor of the maximum overpressure is the vapor phase. The phase change is studied through pressure transient in the vessel and high speed imaging, giving a better understanding of the time scales involved with this phenomenon. Finally, ground loading measurements are analyzed to give insight on the order of magnitude involved in this hazard
Boisse, Julien. "Modélisation par champ de phase de la cinétique de précipitation dans les alliages Ni-Al, Al-Sc et Al-Zr-Sc." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649319.
Повний текст джерелаPouzet, Eric. "Influence du champ de pesanteur sur le fonctionnement d'une boucle fluide diphasique à pompage thermocapillaire. Expérimentation et modélisation." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30228.
Повний текст джерелаJuraver, Jean-Brice. "Modélisation en bruit en régime non-linéaire de transistors micro-ondes : applications à l'optimisation d'oscillateurs à faible bruit de phase." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30220.
Повний текст джерелаSharma, Deewakar. "Modélisation numérique des fluides fortement compressibles proches du point critique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0003/document.
Повний текст джерелаA fluid, in addition to its liquid and gas phase, is known to exist in another phase, wherein the fluid inherits some properties of both the phases. Such a fluid is called a supercritical fluid and the conditions (pressure and temperature) beyond which the fluid exists in this state is called the critical point. One of the peculiar feature of the fluids near the critical point is that the various thermo-physical properties show a singular behavior, such as diverging compressibility, vanishing thermal diffusivity etc. The flow behavior near the critical point leads to intriguing flow features ascribed to the strong thermo-mechanical coupling whose in-depth investigation can be limited by experimental constraints especially during a continuous transition from supercritical to subcritical regime. The current work focuses on analyzing the flow behavior in near-critical fluids with prime focus on supercritical fluids. This is achieved by developing a mathematical and numerical model which is followed by the validation study and error analysis of the numerical scheme wherein unusual behavior of the Courant number is observed. Subsequently, the flow behavior of supercritical fluid is studied when simultaneously subjected to thermal quench and vibration, mainly Rayleigh-vibrational and parametric instabilities, their physical mechanism and various parameters affecting them. In addition, two captivating phenomena, firstly where the temperature of the fluid region drops below the imposed boundary condition and secondly, the see-saw motion of the thermal boundary layer are observed and physical explanations are provided. In order to investigate the flow dynamics in subcritical regime, phase-field modelling approach is explored for isothermal conditions. The model is examined for elementary test cases illustrating the feasibility to extend the model for a continuous transition from supercritical to subcritical regime
Granger, Rémi. "Physique de la croissance cristalline pour les métamorphoses de neige sèche : caractérisation et modélisation des effets cinétiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI072.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of the thesis is to improve our understanding of faceting occuring in dry snow metamorphism. The thesis focuses on the interplay between heat and mass diffusion and kinetic effects in the context of snow. For the first time,Diffraction Contrast Tomography (DCT) has been performed to monitor an experiment of temperature gradient metamorphism. The technique permits to retrieve the crystalline orientation of the grains constituting the microstructcure of the sample. Links between orientation of crystals and mass fluxres were analysed.The study shows that kinetic differences between basal and prismatic faces have effects on phase change fluxes at the ice/air interface.From a numerical modeling point of view, a highly anisotropic kinetic coefficient has been taken into account for the evolution of the ice/air interface. The model uses the phase-field approach and couples phase changes to heat and water vapor diffusion.The model was tested against an experiment of air cavity migration under temperature gradient in a monocrystalline ice block monitored with X-ray microtomography in one hand, and with the growth of a negative crystal during a pumping experiment followed with optical microscopy in the other hand.Such anisotropy permits to reproduce faceting as observed.Finally, the potential of the porposed model to describe snow metamorphism is highlighted
Yu, Zhan. "Modélisation de l'endommagement et de la fissuration des roches argileuses sous sollicitations thermo-hydromécaniques avec la méthode de champ de phase." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I108.
Повний текст джерелаIn the general framework of research projects related to geological disposal of radioactive waste, shale gas production and acid gas sequestration, it is necessary to investigate damage and cracking in clayey rocks under coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical loads (THM).In the first part of the thesis, a new phase-field method is developed for rock-like materials. Two crack fields are introduced in order to describe both tensile and shear cracks. A proper thermodynamics framework is proposed to describe the evolution of two crack fields. The plastic deformation of rocks is also taken into account. An efficient numerical algorithm is adopted for the coupling between the crack fields and displacement field. This algorithm is then set up in the framework of the finite element method. The efficiency of the new phase-field method is illustrated through examples showing tensile and shear cracks.In the second part, the phase-field method is extended to problems with thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling. To this end, a specific procedure is developed for the coupling between the crack fields, mechanical field and hydraulic and thermal fields. The effects of THM coupling on cracking mechanisms are investigated.The last part is devoted to two representative examples of application. The first one is relevant to the study of excavation induced damage and cracking around an underground gallery. The second one is related to the thermally induced cracking. Both examples are based on in situ experiments performed in the underground research laboratory of Andra
Chong, Christian. "Observations et modélisation d'effets d'auto-organisation dans les solides thermo et photo commutables." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010VERS0066.
Повний текст джерелаThis work on self-organisation effect in switchable solids concerned thermo- and photo- induced transitions. One part of this work consisted to explore the potentionalities of imaging techniques, such as optical microscopie and AFM. The combination of these two techniques allows us to set up micrometer scale resolution analysis and nanometer scale by AFM. On thermal transitions we have mainly obtained experimental results by optical microscope on single cristal. Using cross polariseur configuration, we follow the structural transition on Spin Crossover solids, on another hand colorimetric analysis allowed us to distinguish structural and electronic aspects providing real flow diagrams in the phase space of the studied system. On photoinduced transition we obtained both experimental and theoritical results which confirmed the reality of the phase separation process in spinodal instability condition. In the meanwhile we have performed simulation on the kinetics of the phase separation spatio-temporal model based on a coupled map dynamic. Additionaly, we have also evidenced original features in Fe(bbtr) compound, a polymeric derivative of Fe(ptz). Finally, in a photo-magnetic prussian blue analogue, we have succeded to caracterise two behaviors closely related to a self organisation effect
Bouobda, Moladje Gabriel Franck. "Contribution à la modélisation par champs de phase des dommages par irradiation dans les alliages métalliques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LIL1R004.
Повний текст джерелаThe prediction of the microstructure evolution during irradiation ageing of structural materials of nuclear reactors is a key issue for the nuclear industry. In this work, a phase field approach is used to simulate the microstructure evolution of materials under irradiation conditions at the mesoscopic scale. We are interested at first in the calculations of the sink strength which describes the ability of microstructural defects (dislocations, cavities, etc) to absorb point defects (PDs). These calculations take into account the elastic interactions between point defects and sinks and are performed in pure metals Al, Ni and Fe. Additional precision in the calculations is provided by incorporating in the model the change of the PD migration energy due to the sink strain field, also known as elastodiffusion. PDs are elastically modelled through their elastic dipole tensors and the role of the anisotropy of these dipole tensors at saddle state is investigated. The results show that the PD dipole tensor anisotropy at saddle state is a key parameter in the accurate sink strength calculations. Subsequently, our interest is focused on the development of a PF model of dislocation climb under irradiation. The model allows to simulate dislocation loop growth or shrinkage by absorption of both PDs (vacancies and self-interstitial atoms). The analysis of the validation tests shows the limit of the model, and adjustments are carried out. This new model is applied to simulate the growth of an interstitial loop in pure Fe. The temperature, dislocation density, loop orientation and elastodifusion effects on the loop growth rate are studied. The results show, in particular, an increase of the loop growth rate with the combined effects of the increase of the temperature and the decrease of the dislocation density. The new PF model of dislocation climb under irradiation is also used to simulate the radiation induced segregation (RIS) phenomenon in Fe-Cr alloy near an interstitial dislocation loop during its growth. We show that the RIS prediction depends on the sink mobility and on the surrounding microstructure (multi-sink effects)
Pannier, Nayely. "Modélisation de couches de grains luminophores : évolution de la morphologie durant le recuit de synthèse et efficacité optique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00682611.
Повний текст джерелаRennane, Abdelali. "Caractérisation et modélisation du bruit basse fréquence des composants bipolaires et à effet de champ pour applications micro-ondes." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30236.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals mainly with electrical noise in microwave silicon germanium (SiGe) and gallium nitride (GaN) field effect transistors (HEMT’s) and SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT’s). The organisation of this memory is as follows, in first chapter, we remember the important properties of excess noise sources encountered in these type devices. In addition, we describe the measurement set-ups used for static and noise characterization. In the second and third chapters, a thoroughful analysis of the noise dependence on frequency, bias, and geometry of both SiGe and GaN HEMT’s, has been carried out, specifically, the input and output current noise sources respectively iG and iD and their correlation. This in combination with static characterization, allowed to identify the different noise sources present in these devices and their supposed origin. .
Sarkis, Carole. "Modélisation de la solidification dendritique d’un alliage Al-4.5%pdsCu atomisé avec une méthode de champs de phase anisotrope adaptative." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PSLEM048/document.
Повний текст джерелаDendritic growth is computed using a phase-field model with automatic adaptation of an anisotropic and unstructured finite element mesh. Unknowns are the phase-field function, a dimensionless temperature and a dimensionless composition, as proposed by [KAR1998] and [RAM2004]. Linear finite element interpolation is used for all variables, after discretization stabilization techniques that ensure convergence towards a correct non-oscillating solution. In order to perform quantitative computations of dendritic growth on a large domain, two additional numerical ingredients are necessary: automatic anisotropic unstructured adaptive meshing [COU2011], [COU2014] and parallel implementations [DIG2001], both made available with the numerical platform used (CimLib) based on C++ developments. Mesh adaptation is found to greatly reduce the number of degrees of freedom. Results of phase-field simulations for dendritic solidification of a pure material and a binary alloy in two and three dimensions are shown and compared with reference work. Discussion on algorithm details and the CPU time are outlined and a comparison with a macroscopic model are made
Labeguerie, Pierre. "Modélisation du champ électrique interne d'un solide:application à la détermination des propriétés dérivées de la polarisation. Calcul du spectre de phonon." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264922.
Повний текст джерелаVaury, Emmanuelle. "Modélisation distribuée des sources de bruit basse fréquence dans les transistors à effet de champ : application à la conception d'oscillateurs à faible bruit de phase." Limoges, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIMO0009.
Повний текст джерелаZouari, Meriem. "Modélisation de la recristallisation de l'Inconel 718 pendant sa mise en forme à chaud." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0072.
Повний текст джерелаInconel 718 is nickel-based Superalloy widely used in the aeronautic industry to manufacture aircraft parts subjected to extreme in-service conditions of high stresses at elevated temperatures. Controlling the microstructure after hot forming is a key element to control the mechanical properties of the final products and meet the tight specifications imposed by the aeronautic industry.In this work, the microstructure evolution of Inconel 718 was investigated via isothermal and iso-strain rate torsion tests followed by water quenching (to investigate dynamic evolution) or by annealing at deformation temperature then water quenching (to investigate post-dynamic evolution). These tests were conducted in both δ-Supersolvus and δ-Subsolvus temperature domains and for strain rates of 0.01 to 0.1 s-1.Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Electron Back Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) were used to characterize the microstructure and follow the evolution of the recrystallized fraction, the recrystallized grain size and the δ-phase precipitation after deformation and during pre-deformation and post-deformation annealing. Based on these experimental observations, the main metallurgical mechanisms have been identified and modelled: hardening, nucleation of new grains, grain boundaries migration and the δ-phase- recrystallization interaction.A two-site mean field approach having a low computational cost was chosen to model the microstructural evolution at different thermomechanical conditions. This model describes the main mechanisms taking place during hot forming of Inconel 718 in both δ-Supersolvus and δ-Subsolvus domains and predicts the recrystallization kinetics in both dynamic and post-dynamic regimes , the δ-phase precipitation and dissolution kinetics and the grain size evolution. The model predicts also the strain-stress curves at high temperatures in the absence of δ-phase particles
VERDIER, Jacques. "Etude et modélisation des transistors à effet de champ microondes à basse température. Application à la conception d'oscillateurs à haute pureté spectrale." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010074.
Повний текст джерелаAmmar, Kais. "Modélisation et simulation du couplage changement de phases-mécanique par la méthode des champs de phases." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00508677.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Zhao. "Identification d'une nouvelle phase d'hydrure de zirconium et modélisation à l'échelle mésoscopique de sa précipitation." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10166/document.
Повний текст джерелаLn pile, zirconium alloys in contact with the primary medium are submitted to hydrogen absorption that has significant consequences on their thermodynamic, mechanical and corrosion behaviors. Therefore, hydrogen in solid solution or hydrides precipitation can affect Zirconium alloys behaviors during service but also in long term storage and in accidental conditions. For both fundamentals aspects and safety reasons it is important te understand the precipitation process and to predict the influence various parameters like temperature, stresses, cooling rates and microstructure may have. Numerical modeling at the mesoscopic scale is an appealing approach to describe the precipitation and the "phase field" method appears to be particularly weil suited. The achievement of a realistic mesoscopic modeling should take into account an accurate kinetic, thermodynamic and structural data base in order to properly describe hydride nucleation, growth and coalescence as weil as hydride interaction with externat stresses. Such a data base relies on experimental data that are not always available; this is the reason why an accu rate structural characterization was performed. Therefore transmission electron microscopy observations were carried out on Zircaloy 4 specimens with various H contents. From this study, a new hydride phase called <, coherent with the matrix, was identified
De, Rancourt Victor. "Modélisation de l’oxydation des aciers inoxydables polycristallins par une approche en champs de phases couplée avec la mécanique." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0021/document.
Повний текст джерелаAustenitic stainless steels and nickel based alloys are widely used for their mechanical properties at high temperatures.Their durability can be increased by the addition of chromium resulting in the formation of a protective oxide layer such as chromia (Cr2O3).Nevertheless, it is established from vacuum mechanical tests that oxidation significantly decreases their fatigue life.In fact, oxide growth can be followed with the injection of defects such as vacancies, deleterious chemical elements and residual stresses, etc., into the metal.The resulting cracking micromechanisms are therefore governed by complex interactions between the environment and the metal surface, implying the chemical composition and the microstructure of the metal.To date, materials life prediction is a necessity for the nuclear industry due to safety and economic issues.The enhancement of the model dimensionality allow to explicitly account for multi-physics interactions between oxide and metallic phases under mechanical loads.The thesis is in line with it and relies on the development of a phase field model coupled with mechanics that heavily relies on the principles of continuum thermodynamics.The effective behaviour of the interface is obtained by homogenisation methods allowing the mixture of separate behaviours, as it is the case on a ductile metallic substrate and its fragile oxide.Oxide growth residual stresses and mechanical load induced stresses can be relaxed by viscoplasticity, which is isotropic and anisotropic respectively for the oxide and the substrate.Full field finite element simulations are performed to study both generalised and intergranular oxidation under mechanical loads.The simulations highlight the possibility of triggering breakaway oxidation by the generation of tensile stresses in the fragile oxide, which can be localised along oxide intrusions at grain boundaries
Paez, Espejo Miguel angel. "Modélisation et simulation du comportement spatiotemporel des transitions de phase dans les monocristaux moléculaires à transition de spin." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV034/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the multiscale modeling of the spin transition phenomena in Fe(II) spin crossover compounds. The development of a macroscopic reaction-diffusion-like model for the phase transition from the Ising-like Hamiltonian allowed the theoretical study of the spatio-temporal behavior of the high-spin fraction accompanying the first-order phase transition in switchable spin crossover single crystals. The comparison to experiments led to an excellent agreement for the dynamics of the high-spin/low-spin interface which improved the understanding of the optical microscopy measurements. Next, this work was extended to the study of photothermic effects due to the crystal heating by the light of the microscope leading to a coupled system of differential equations accounting for the thermal coupling with the bath temperature. These equations predict nonlinear behaviors for crystals in the bistable region, such as the autocatalytic effects, for which we established the conditions of their emergence. The last part of this thesis is devoted to an extension of the electro-elastic model. Here we prove that the elastic frustration is at the origin of the existence of two-step and of incomplete spin crossover transitions. Furthermore, this model allowed us to predict structures of complex patterns in high-spin fractions for intermediate phases. Several types of self-organisation were revealed such as the spatially-modulated structures of the high-spin fractions. Some of these behaviors have been experimentally observed, very recently, in spin crossover compounds
Bock, Jean-Pierre. "Modélisation et calcul couplé des champs électromagnétiques dans les machines asynchrones en régime transitoire." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPL094N.
Повний текст джерелаJailin, Thomas. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation du comportement d’un tube de gainage lors d’un accident de réactivité en phase post-crise ébullition." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEI032.
Повний текст джерелаDuring the post-DNB (Departure from Nucleate Boiling) phase of a reactivity initiated accident (RIA), the fuel cladding temperature may increase very steeply (1000°C/s) up to temperatures of around 900°C while the clads are internally pressurized. All these conditions lead to the ballooning of the fuel rod until its potential burst. This work aims at characterizing the creep behavior of the Zircaloy-4 cladding under such conditions. In a first part, the (α→β) phase transformation of the material was studied upon fast heating rates. Dilatometry tests were performed with heating rates ranging from 50 to 2000°C/s. Special care was taken to the thermal measurements, to achieve sufficient accuracy under fast thermal transients. The material microstructure was also analyzed on quenched specimens. All these results enabled a phase transformation model to be characterized, based on a Leblond’s formulation. In a second part, the experimental device ELLIE was updated to reproduce simulated thermo-mechanical post-DNB conditions on fuel cladding sections. Creep ballooning tests were performed with well controlled thermal transients of about 1200°C/s. Around twenty tests were carried out in simulated post-DNB conditions with internal pressures of 7 and 11 bar and for temperatures of interest ranging from 840 to 1020°C. Kinematic and thermal full-fields were obtained on the sample surface by stereo-correlation and near infrared thermography, respectively. A method was developed to obtain these two kinds of fields using the same two cameras. The tests performed highlighted a complex creep behavior in the two-phase domain, which appears to be closely correlated to the phase fraction within the material. A strong impact of the heating rate on the creep properties was also observed, with much higher strain rates following a high thermal transient. The finite element model updating (FEMU) method was used to identify the creep behavior of the cladding. The finite element model is based on a 3D representation of the region of interest seen by the cameras. A Love-Kirchhoff kinematic was imposed through the clad section using the kinematic field obtain by stereo-correlation. The identification method was first validated on a virtual case, and then enabled a creep law to be characterized, coupled to the phase fraction within the material. The model thus identified reproduced the creep rates well during the first ten seconds of the tests. A final study proposes to include a grain growth contribution in the creep law
Tresallet, Damien. "Evolution des microstructures au cours d'un recuit dans un acier inoxydable superduplex : caractérisation et modélisation." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI088.
Повний текст джерелаSuperduplex stainless steels are high-performance stainless steel grades that combine great specific mechanical properties with an excellent resistance to pitting and stress corrosion cracking. The design of new grades with improved properties requires the control of the microstructure and phase transformations occurring during the manufacturing process. Particularly, the rolling steps impart to the alloy the so-called duplex structure, a fine layered microstructure made of two phases, ferrite (δ) and austenite (γ). After the cold-rolling step, an annealing treatment performed at a temperature close to 1100°C give the alloy desired properties. At this temperature, both phases are present in comparable proportions in the alloy, however the layered microstructure evolves towards a more equiaxed and thicker structure within a few tens of seconds. The mechanisms leading to these microstructural evolutions during annealing was studied in this work. A model Fe-Cr-Ni-Mo-N superduplex stainless steel was produced by a semi-industrial process and supplied in the form of cold-rolled sheets. Its microstructure was studied after isothermal annealing treatments performed within a temperature range of 1060-1180°C up to 300 s. The phase fractions reached the thermodynamic equilibrium during the first tens of seconds of the temperature steady state. A global thickening of the microstructure and a local thinning of the bands were identified. The local thinning was found located at the grain boundaries emerging at austenite-ferrite interfaces similarly to the thermal grain boundary grooving theory, it may also induce fractioning of the phases. Microstructure coarsening was also evidenced by a quantitative analysis. These two models describe the evolution of ideal morphologies due to capillarity. However, the complex morphology of the phases of the superduplex alloy give rise to morphological heterogeneities during annealing. The low energetic austenitic twin boundaries Σ3 (<111>, 60°) are not affected by thermal grooving. However, differences in grain boundary energy do not explain all the observed heterogeneities, and the morphology of the interfaces in their initial state has proved to be predominant. Through a collaboration, a phase field numerical simulation tool was upgraded to model the evolution of austenitic/ferritic interfaces of various morphologies during annealing. On the one hand, the splitting of a cylindrical particle by grain boundary grooving was found faster the one of a plate. On the other hand, the grain boundary grooving creates additional curved interfaces subject to coarsening. The double interaction of grain boundary grooving and coarsening leads to a rapid evolution of the microstructure. The interaction of neighboring grain boundaries can locally stabilize an interface, but the microstructure coarsening continues due to the curvature differences that exist between interfaces of a same band and those of adjacent bands
Bouakkaz, Rachid. "Altération aqueuse et hydratation en phase vapeur du verre SON68 à basse température (35-90°C)." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole des Mines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EMNA0168/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe SON68 glass is initially altered in dynamic mode under silica rich COx water (42 mg/L) at pH8, high S/V ratio (14000 m⁻¹) and at 35, 50 and 90°C. The results showed that the glass alteration seems to be governed by both diffusion and surface reaction process. The residual rate at 90°C is around 10-4 g.m⁻².d⁻¹. The activation energy is about 70 kJ.mol⁻¹. The dissolution /precipitation and hydrolysis/condensation mechanisms are responsible for the development of the alteration layer. Mg silicates and calcites precipitate at 35 and 50°C, the same phases in addition to powellite and apatite precipitate at 90°C. The results predicted by the model reproduce well experimental data. The glass is then hydrated at temperatures ranging from 35 to 125°C and relative humidity values (RH) between 92 an 99.9%. The glass hydration increases with the temperature and RH, the hydration energy is about 34.2 kJ.mol⁻¹. The alteration layers thicknesses vary between 0.3μm at 35°C and 5μm at 125°C. The alteration layer is depleted in (B, Li, Na) and enriched in (Si, Al, Fe, Zn and Ni). The secondary phases are calcite, powellite, apatite and tobermorite in adition to a hydration gel. The effect of near field materials on the ²⁹Si doped SON68 glass alteration was studied. The presence of steel increases the pH and decreases the Si and Mo concentrations without changing the overall rate of glass corrosion. The Si is retained on the steel corrosion products, its concentration in solution seems to be controlled by the clay dissolution. The glass corrosion in the presence of steel and clay at 90°C leads to the formation of magnetite, siderite, ironsilicates, pure silica, iron sulphur (pyrite, troilite,pyrrhotite and mackinawite), calcite, apatite, powellite and Mg silicates. The modelling results agree well with the experimental data
Vernyhora, Iryna. "Modélisation à l'échelle atomique de l'évolution microstructurale dans les alliages Ni-Fe : Corrélation entre les propriétés magnétiques et structurales." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00430789.
Повний текст джерелаFlipon, Baptiste. "Alliages à grains ultrafins et bimodaux : approche couplée expérience-modélisation basée sur la microstructure." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMIR06/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is focused on the elaboration and the mechanical behaviour of 304L and 316L austenitic stainless steel alloys with bimodal grain size distribution. The complementary approach between experiments and modelling enables a better understanding of both macroscopic and local mechanical responses and also of the associated deformation mechanisms.The use of two elaboration routes and optimized process parameters results in a wide range of samples with different bimodal grain size distributions. Grain sizes and fractions of each population are modified in order to study the influence of these microstructural characteristics on mechanical behavior. Uniaxial tensile tests are used to realize a database of mechanical properties of bimodal alloys and loading-unloading tests provides valuable informations about deformation mechanisms in these materials. With coarse grains (CG) embedded in an ultrafine grained (UFG) matrix, a relaxation of a part of the internal stresses seems to take place and leads to a delayed embrittlement of bimodal alloys as compared to their unimodal counterparts. Full-field modelling, based on two crystal plasticity laws with an explicit account of an internal length, is proposed. It constitutes a valuable prediction tool of effective properties of bimodal alloys in order, in particular, to study the effect of several microstructural characteristics. An access to local fields is also possible and tend, so far, to show similar results compared to experimental ones : stress relaxation is observed in the UFG matrix as well as stress concentrations at the CG/UFG interfaces
Rasheed, Amer. "Solidification Dendritique de Mélanges Binaires de Métaux sous l'Action de Champs Magnétique: Modélisation, Analyse Mathématique et Numérique." Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565743.
Повний текст джерелаAl, Alam Adel F. "Modélisation au sein de la DFT des propriétés des structures électronique et magnétique et de liaison chimique des Hydrures d'Intermétalliques." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00403205.
Повний текст джерелаOmmi, Siddhartha Harsha. "Study of hydro-mechanical instabilities in geomaterials." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ECDN0017.
Повний текст джерелаHydraulic and mechanical instabilities in geomaterials refer to a variety of non-linear phenomena that can be triggered by heterogeneities inherent to such materials. While hydraulic instabilities manifest themselves as heterogeneous fluid invasion causing `fingering' phenomenon, mechanical instabilities represent strain localizations and/or fractures. These instabilities and their associated coupling pose a major obstacle for applications involving geomaterials such as Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration and contaminant flow in ground waters. Existing classical models lack the required pattern-forming ingredients in their formulation and thus are stable against imposed perturbations. The essence of the current thesis work is to propose and investigate modeling techniques that allow to describe these instabilities. The constitutive approach adopted is that of micro-structured continua, in particular that of enhanced continua with a constitutive law depending on the gradient of so-called phase field variables.In the first part of this work, a fluid-fluid front has been described as a diffused interface by interpreting the presence of two fluids within the pore space as a single non-uniform fluid and the degree of saturation of one of the fluids as the corresponding phase field. While the classical one-to-one relation between capillary pressure and saturation degree describes retention properties of the porous network, an enhanced relation is obtained by prescribing a chemical potential in the spirit of Cahn-Hilliard type modeling of multi-phase fluids. This together with a non-local energy contribution provides the required ingredients required to describe hydraulic instabilites. In a one-dimensional setting, the proposed model allows to replicate experimentally observed non-monotonic saturation profiles during infiltration. Further, a slight non-convexity introduced into the flux function has been shown to allow modeling of drainage fronts, besides imbibition, without employing any additional complexities. A linear stability analysis (LSA) revealing the growth in time of arbitrary perturbations has been done, supplemented by two-dimensional simulations portraying the ability of the proposed model to describe fluid fingering and segregation.In the second part, triggering of a fracture within a drying porous medium has been studied. A prevailing modeling perspective, involving gradient damage modeling, has been first tested for its ability to replicate periodic fracture formation as observed in representative experiments. Further, a new paradigm has been introduced by interpreting the presence of a fracture as a loss of capillary properties, thus allowing passage of non-wetting fluid under vanishing capillary pressure. This is applicable to cohesion-less and unconsolidated fine-grained soils, where resistance against tensile loading is negligible and thus fracturing induced due to development of tensile stresses is not the prevailing phenomenon. Starting from the principles of variational approach, it has been shown that for sufficiently strong desiccation, damage initiates homogeneously on the drying face while progressing into the body with time. The possible occurrence of bifurcations of this base solution, representing initiation of periodic fractures, has been analyzed again in the framework of LSA.This work sets the stage for the study of coupling between the above mentioned instabilities and experimental investigation of unstable flow features such as pinching and coalescence of the wetting phase. Initiation of damage induced due to evolving drainage finger is also of particular interest in the context of earlier mentioned applications
Al, Alam Adel F. "Modélisation au sein de la DFT des propriétés des structures électronique et magnétique et de liaison chimique des Hydrures d’Intermétalliques." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13814/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents an ab initio study of several classes of intermetallics and their hydrides. These compounds are interesting from both a fundamental and an applied points of view. To achieve this aim two complementary methods, constructed within the DFT, were chosen : (i) pseudo potential based VASP for geometry optimization, structural investigations and electron localization mapping (ELF), and (ii) all-electrons ASW method for a detailed description of the electronic structure, chemical bonding properties following different schemes as well as quantities depending on core electrons such as the hyperfine field. A special interest is given with respect to the interplay between magnetovolume and chemical interactions (metal-H) effects within the following hydrided systems : binary Laves (e.g. ScFe2) and Haucke (e.g. LaNi5) phases on one hand, and ternary cerium based (e.g. CeRhSn) and uranium based (e.g. U2Ni2Sn) alloys on the other hand
Thébault, Erwan. "Modélisation régionale du champ magnétique terrestre." Strasbourg 1, 2003. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00008725.
Повний текст джерелаThe geomagnetic field above the Earth's surface in current free region may be expressed as the gradient of a scalar potential solving Laplace equation. For regions with a fairly dense coverage of data at different altitudes, a regional model ought to offer a better spatial resolution of the regional field over the volume under study than a global field expanded in Spherical Harmonics. The Spherical Cap Harmonics Analysis is an attractive regional modelling tool having close relationship with global Spherical Harmonics. With the Spherical Cap Harmonic Analysis (SCHA) adopted so far, difficulties arise in upward continuation of the field. It is also uneasy to establish a relationship between global and local Gauss coefficients. Indeed, such relationship would be useful for introducing prior constraint on inverse problems dealing with the estimation of local Gauss coefficients based upon a local dataset. In the present work, we show that these difficulties are overcome if the SCHA modelling is formulated as a boundary value problem in a cone bounded radially by the Earth's surface and an upper surface suitable for satellite data, and bounded laterally in order to encompass a specific region of study. In particular, this new formalism provide can be related to Spherical Harmonics and gives sensible relationship on both sets of Gauss Coefficients. The reliability of these relations is demonstrated by reconstructing the three components of a global field with a pretty good accuracy. In order to foresee the inverse problem, we also put forward useful analytical relationships based on spectrum concept and magnetic energy inside a cone. This provide powerful tools for regularizing inverse problems based on real data sparsely distributed. We finally tackle the inverse problem by examining several synthetic simulations for different data distribution; from evenly to sparsely distributions. All the results suggest that the new proposal for regional modelling is efficient. Synthetic data are well resolved and models obey to basic properties of Newtonian potential
Mankoussou, Jean. "Modélisation du champ acoustique d'une antenne multi-éléments." Perpignan, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PERP0013.
Повний текст джерелаFranci, Alessio. "Pathological synchronization in neuronal populations : a control theoretic perspective." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695029.
Повний текст джерелаRuyer, Pierre. "Modèle de champ de phase pour l'étude de l'ébulition." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00002308.
Повний текст джерелаBoudot, Cécile. "Transitions de phase sous champ électrique dans la thiourée." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10087.
Повний текст джерелаBoudot, Cécile. "Transitions de phase sous champ électrique dans la Thiourée." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376121548.
Повний текст джерелаKhaddour, Bassem. "Modélisation du champ électrique modifié par la charge d'espace injectée." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00130130.
Повний текст джерелаNous utilisons la méthode des éléments finis MEF pour résoudre l'équation de Poisson et la méthode des caractéristiques MC pour résoudre l'équation de conservation de la charge. Les deux équations couplées sont résolues par approximations successives en redéfinissant le maillage structuré à chaque itération pour éliminer la diffusion numérique. La redéfinition du maillage structuré est la partie la plus importante du travail. L'algorithme converge bien pour différentes distributions de la charge définies sur la lame injectrice. Les solutions numériques obtenues pour une loi d'injection imposée sur la lame plate donnent des résultats en très bon accord avec les mesures de densité de courant sur l'électrode plane d'un dispositif lame-plan.